‘Give’ serial verb constructions in Zauzou : beyond Title benefactive and malefactive
Author(s) Miyagishi, Tetsuya
Proceedings of the 51st International Conference on Sino- Citation Tibetan Languages and Linguistics (2018)
Issue Date 2018-09
URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235296
Right
Type Conference Paper
Textversion author
Kyoto University Background (1) ‘‘‘ ’’’ ・・・ Benefactive and malefactive constructions with Give Serial Verb 'give' serial verb are observed among several Constructions in Zauzou : Tibeto Burman (TB) languages (Bickel 2003, Beyond Benefactive and Peterson 2006, Subbarao, Hakacham & Sarju Malefactive Devi 2007, So Hartmann 2009, Peng & Chappell 2011, Konnerth 2014, Schackow 2015) .
・・・ Researches about other usage beyond benefactive Miyagishi, Tetsuya and malefactive with 'give' serial verb are very Dept. of Japanese Language and Literature few. Yasuda Women ’s University Hiroshima, Japan
Background (2) Objective ・・・ Brief description of pi 13 (give) serial verb ・・・ Introducing three usages of pi 13 (give) serial verb constructions as benefactive in Zauzou are constructions in Zauzou, namely benefactive, introduced in Sun, Huang and Zhou (2002). malefactive, and especially inactive, which is proposed to newly add to the general usage of give ・・・ No detailed description for pi 13 (give) serial verb serial verb constructions constructions in general, which have rich usages including other usage beyond benefactive and ・・・ Semantic and syntactic analyze of the three usages malefactive. in comparison
Roadmap Language Overview (1) • Zauzou is a Loloish language, which has about 3000 native ・・・ Brief overview of Zauzou language speakers in Lanping County and Lushui County, Yunnan, ・・・ pi 13 (give) as a full verb China (Lanpingxian Nuzu xuehui 2015) . ・・・ pi 13 in serialization ・・・ pi 13 as benefactive / malefactive / inactive ・・・ Dative subject in inactive constructions ・・・ Comparison among benefactive, malefactive and inactive ・・・ Future tasks Language Overview (2) Language Overview (3)
Phonological Inventory Syntactic Features
Consonants: p, ph, t, th, k, kh, ʔ, ʦ, ʦh, ʨ, ʨh, Basic Word Order: SOV f, s, ɕ, x, h, v, z, ʑ, ɣ, m, n, ȵ, ŋ, l Noun Phrase Slots (Miyagishi and Li 2018): Vowels (Non Nasal): i, ɿ, u, ɯ, e, ɛ, o, ɔ, a [Relative Clause]+[Demonstrative/Possessive Noun]+ (Nasal): ĩ, ũ, ɯ͂ , ẽ, ɛ,̃ õ, ɔ͂ , ã [Adjective]+[Noun]+ [Head Noun] +[Adjective]+ Tonemes: 55, 33, 53, 31, 35, 13 [Demonstrative/Interrogative]+[Numeral]+[Classifier]+ Syllable Structure: (C1)V1(V2)(V3), C1C2 [Case / Topic Marker]
Language Overview (4) pi 13 as a Full Verb
Case Markings (Miyagishi and Li 2017) φ : Nominative, Accusative, Locative, Goal (1) ŋũ 33 tɯ 55 ʔɔ31 ɕyi 13 li 33 nɛ 53 lɛ 31 pi 13 zo 31 . ʔɔ31 : Dative, Accusative 1SG 3SG DAT pear two CLS give ASPASPASP I have just given him/her two pears. xe 31 : Agentive, Abblative, Instrumental te 33 : Goal (from ~to~) (2) ŋũ 33 tɯ 55 ʔɔ31 xo 31 no 33 pi 13 ʔu13 zo 31 . the 35 : Comitatve 1SG 3SG DAT physical pain give ASP ASP 33 tɯ (tho53): Comparative I have gievn physical pain to him/her. ze 33 : Genetive (Genetive marker is often omitted and never used when it modifies a human noun.)
pi 13 in Serialization pi 13 as Benefactive (1) Non Valency Increasing Type
The first verb The second verb (3) tu 55 sɿ 33 ȵã 55 ʑa 33 ʔɔ31 ŋɛ 33 pi 13 to 53 . lexical verb (Main verb) pi 13 (Auxiliary verb) 333SG3SG child CLS ACCACCACCsee give ASP He/She is taking care of the child (for his or her sake).
mõ 35 pi 13 (4) uã 53 lo 31 sɿ31 ʔɔ 31 ɕiɔ35 ʦã31 ʑa33 xe 31 piɔ31 ʑa53 pi 13 ʔu13 zo 31 . teach give Wang teacher ACCACCACC principal CLSCLSCLS AGTAGTAGT admire give ASPASPASP The principal has admired Mr/Ms Wang. pa 53 pi 13 ・・・Benefactive recipient (Van Valin and LaPolla 1997) beat give (5) ŋu 33 tu 55 ʔɔ31 ʔɔ53 xo 31 ʔo31 pi 13 . 111SG1SG 333SG3SG DAT pig meat sell give I will sell him/her pork (for his/her sake). pi 13 as Benefactive (2) pi 13 as Benefactive (3)
Valency Increasing Type Deputative Benefactive (Van Valin & LaPolla 1997) ・・・Plain benefactive (Van Valin and LaPolla 1997) 33 55 31 13 31 33 53 13 (6) tu 55 tɯ 31 ka 33 lɛ 33 ʨia 53 tɯ 13 ʔɔ 31 ŋɔ 31 mu 33 pi 13 ʨiã 55 . (9) ŋu tu ʔɔ pɯ ʨĩ ʑɿ ɕiu pi . 333SG3SG arrive place CLS others DAT work give MODMODMOD 1SG 3SG DAT Beijin go replace give Wherever he goes, he works for others, you know? I go to Beijin in place of him/her. (7) ŋu 33 ȵɔ 31 ʔɔ 31 ɕi 55 pi 13 ʔa 31 ʨyu 53 . cf. 111SG1SG 222SG2SG DAT die give MODMODMOD 33 55 31 13 31 33 13 I may die for you, don't worry. (10) ŋu tu ʔɔ pɯ ʨĩ ʑɿ pi . 1SG 3SG DAT Beijin go give ・・・ Benefactive recipient (Van Valin and LaPolla 1997) I go to Beijin for him/her (with him/her) (8) piɔ 31 ʨia 33 ɕiɔ 31 uã 53 xe 31 ŋũ33 ʔɔ 31 sou 35 tɛ35 pi 13 te 33 zo 31 . watch CLS little Wang AGT 111SG1SG DAT repair give ASP Mr. Wang has repaired the wrist watch for me.
pi 13 as Benefactive (4) pi 13 as Benefactive (5)
Situational Benefactive (1) Situational Benefactive (2) (12) ɕi31 ʦe33 ʔa33 va 53 nɛ33 tɯ55 lɛ31 ta 53 pi 13 te 33 zo 31 . 53 53 33 53 33 13 31 33 55 (11) na nu kɯ to nɛ mɯ lɛ ʔo kɯ peach tree this year TOP it fruit bear give ASPASPASP Morning nine o ’’’clock TOP sun CLS village in ʦhɔ 31 pi 13 te 33 zo 31 . Peach trees have beard fruit this year (for our sake). light give ASP (13) ɣɛ 33 pɯ 13 kɯ 55 ŋõ 33 tɯ 13 ʦɛ 53 ʔe31 ʨyu 33 tɯ 31 ʔɔ31 At nine o’clock the sun has lit the village (for the pond in fish PL usual too people DAT villagers’ sake). lɔ 13 pi 13 to 53 xe 31 . live give ASPASPASP The fishes in the pond are living as usual for the people ’’’s sake.
pi 13 as Malefactive (1) pi 13 as Malefactive (2)
(14) tu 55 la 53 xe 31 ʨyu 33 tɯ 13 ʔɔ31 thɔ 33 no 33 pi 13 zo 31 . (17) vu 53 tɯ 13 lɔ 13 pa 53 vu 13 ʔɔ31 se 31 ʦou 31 pi 13 ʨia 53 zo 31 . 333SG3SG stone INST person PL ACC beat give ASPASPASP mouse PL sunflower PL ACC bite eat give ASPASPASP He/She hit people with stones. The mice has eaten up sunflower seeds. (15) tu 55 xe 31 ŋũ 33 ʨhia 31 pɛ 33 vu 13 ʔɔ31 phia 53 ʨia 53 pi 13 zo 31 . 333SG3SGSGSGAGT 111SG1SG money PL ACC gamble lose give ASPASPASP (18) ta 55 uɔ 13 ʔo33 xe 31 nu 31 ko 33 ʔɔ31 tɯ 31 ʨiã 31 pa 33 pi 13 ʔu13 . He/She got my money by gambling. bee CLS AGT cow CLS ACC once sting give ASP The bee has stung the cow. (16) ŋũ 33 xe 31 tu 55 su 33 ȵã 55 ʑa 33 ʔɔ31 ʨye 53 ʔa35 pi 13 zo 31 . 111SG1SG AGT 333SG3SG child CLS ACC slip down give ASPASPASP I made his/her child slip down. pi 13 as Malefactive (3) pi 13 as Inactive (1)
Situational malefactive Uncontrollability (19) ʔa 31 ȵɔ 33 nɛ 31 ʔa 33 sɯ 31 ʔa 31 ɕiɔ 13 ɕiɔ 13 mɯ 31 ʨhia 53 (21) sɿ33 ȵã55 ʑa33 tɯ31 ʨiã 31 ʔe31 ʔa31 ȵã53 me 13 pi 13 mɔ31 . Tonight TOPTOPTOP this like continuously lightning child CLS aaa little even not sleep give MOD phu 53 pi 13 to 55 ʔu 35 . The child cannot sleep at all. (uncontrollably) struck give ASPASPASP Lightning has been striking so continuously tonight. cf. sɿ33 ȵã55 ʑa33 tɯ 31 ʨiã 31 ʔe31 ʔa31 ȵã53 me 13 mɔ31 . child CLS aaa little even not sleep MOD (20) mɯ 31 ɣe 53 ɣe 53 xe 31 zou 33 mu 53 ʨiɛ 13 tɯ55 ʑa 53 The child does not sleep at all. (intentionally) rain fall INST wheat PL all it sprout thu 53 pi 13 to 53 . 33 33 31 53 13 55 35 13 13 shot out give ASPASPASP (22) ɕia xɔ ʔa phɛ ʑa phɛ ɕiu pi zɛ . long time notnotnot shoot CONJ shoot miss give MODMODMOD Due to the rain fall, all the wheat seeds have shotten I had not shot arrays for long, so I missed the target. out sprouts.
pi 13 as Inactive (2) pi 13 as Inactive (3)
Happenstantiality Fatality (23) ɕɿ 31 kua 31 ʔa 33 phu 35 phiɛ 31 ʨia 53 pi 13 to 53 zo 31 . watermelon this CLSCLSCLS bebebe rotten give ASPASPASP (26) ʦa 33 khɔ 35 ʔa 33 ʑa 33 tɯ 31 ʦhɛ 53 ʦhɛ 53 ʨiɛ 13 This watermelon has been rotten. oldoldoldmanmanman this CLSCLSCLS lifetime ʔɔ 31 tõ 31 to 31 kɯ 55 ȵi 33 khu 55 pi 13 to 53 . (24) ʑa 35 ʨiɛ 31 ʨiu 55 xo 55 sɯ31 tha 33 tɯ 53 pi 13 to 53 ? mountain cave ininin live crouch give ASPASPASP rope newnewnew CLSCLSCLS whywhywhy bebebe cutcutcut give ASPASPASP Why was the new rope cut? This old man is forced to live crouched in a mountain cave for a lifetime. (25) nu 31 kõ 33 ʨhi 33 pho 53 ʔa 33 sɯ 31 uɔ 31 ʨhiu 55 pi 13 to 53 . cow CLS leg CLS this like swell up give ASPASPASP The cow’s leg swell up this much.
pi 13 as Inactive (4) pi 13 as Inactive (5)
Luckiness Dative Subject (1) : Experiencer (unfortunate)
31 13 33 33 55 33 31 33 33 13 55 35 (27) xe 13 ʑa 33 lo 53 pho 53 ŋũ 33 tɯ 31 ʨiã 31 ʨe 33 pi 13 ʔu31 zo 31 . (29) ʔa nɛ ŋu sɿ ȵa ʑa ʔɔ ʔa ʑɯ͂ pi to ʔu . Han race hand CLS 111SG1SG once clasp give ASPASPASP today 111SG1SG child CLS DAT yawn give ASPASPASP It was fortunate for me to shake hands with a Han person My child couldn’t stop yawning today. once.
53 31 31 55 31 31 35 13 13 31 (28)mu 31 ʑɛ33 xe 31 ʔa 31 pe 33 mã 33 ʨia 55 xɔ 53 ʔa 33 ʨia 55 (30) la lɛ xe tu ʔɔ thyi ʔa pi ʔu zo . god INST 111PL1PL troops fight REL this CLS stone CLS INST 333SG3SG DAT stumble give ASPASPASP pa 53 ʔu 53 pi 13 to 53 . He/She stumbled over a stone. winwinwingive ASPASPASP Thanks to god, our troops won this battle. pi 13 as Inactive (6) pi 13 as Inactive (7)
Dative Subject (2): Experiencer (fortunate) Dative Subject (3): Patient
(31) ŋu 33 ʔɔ 31 nuyi 33 tɯ 31 lɛ 31 ɯe 55 pi 13 ʔu 13 . (33) pɛ13 ʑu 31 pɯ13 tɛ31 ʔa 31 nɛ 13 khã 31 ʑɛ 33 lɛ33 ʔɔ 31 111SG1SG DAT money one CLS pick up give ASPASPASP earthquake because ancient house CLS DAT It was fortunate for me to pick up one yuan coin. ʨiu 53 ʔa 33 pi 13 zo 31 . collapse give ASPASPASP (32) mɯ 31 lɛ 31 xe 31 ʦhiã 31 ʦhyi 31 ʑa 33 mi 33 ʑɿ31 kɯ 33 ŋu 33 ʔɔ 31 heaven INST General CLS clothes big CLS 111SG1SG DAT An old house collapsed by the earthquake. tɯ 31 ʦhiã 31 va 53 pi 13 ʔu 13 zo 31 . once wear give ASPASPASP Thanks to Heaven, I was able to wear the general’s clothes.
Comparison between Benefactive and Malefactive Comparison between Benefactive and Inactive
(37) ʦa 33 khɔ 35 ʔa 33 ʑa 33 tɯ 31 ʦhɛ 53 ʦhɛ 53 ʨiɛ 13 33 31 33 33 35 31 55 33 33 13 13 53 (34) ŋɔ tɯ ʔo ŋu mu ʑɛ kɯ piɔ ʔo pi le to . oldoldoldmanmanman this CLSCLSCLS lifetime bird one CLS 111PL 1PLPLPLhouse ininin fly enter give ASP ʔɔ 31 tõ 31 to 31 kɯ 55 ȵi 33 pi 13 to 53 . = benefactive: A bird has flied in our house (fortunately). mountain cave ininin live give ASP = malefactive: A bird has flied in our house (unfortunately). =Inactive (unfortunate): This old man is forced to live in a mountain cave for a lifetime. 33 31 33 33 35 31 31 55 33 33 13 13 53 (35) ŋɔ tɯ ʔo ŋu mu ʔɔ ʑɛ kɯ piɔ ʔo pi le to . =Inactive (fortunate): This old man is fortunate to live in a bird one CLS 111PL 1PLPLPLDAT house ininin fly enter give ASP mountain cave for a lifetime. = benefactive: A bird has flied in our house for our sake. (38) ʦa 33 khɔ 35 ʔa 33 ʑa 33 tɯ 31 ʦhɛ 53 ʦhɛ 53 ʨiɛ 13 tɯ 31 ʑɛ 33 ʔɔ 31 (36) ʔa 31 tɕe 33 zao 33 , ŋɔ33 tɯ 31 ʔo 33 ŋũ 55 mu 35 ʑɛ 31 kɯ 55 oldoldoldmanmanman this CLSCLSCLS lifetime family DATDATDAT notnotnotgood MODMODMOD bird oneoneone CLSCLSCLS 111PL 1PLPLPLhouse ininin ʔɔ 31 tõ 31 to 31 kɯ 55 ȵi 33 pi 13 to 53 . piɔ 33 ʔo 33 pi 13 le 13 to 53 . mountain cave ininin live give ASP flyflyflyenter give ASPASPASP =Benefactive: This old man live in a mountain cave for a = malefactive: Oh, no! A bird has flied in our house. lifetime for the sake of his family.
Conclusion Future Tasks (1)
Areal and genealogical distribution of inactive constructions using ‘‘‘give ’’’ serial verb Subject Valency Semantic Yakkha: a Kiranti language spoken in Nepal. Case Markings increasing Roles Affected participant usage of ‘give’ (Schackow 2015) nominative / (39) wasik n da ya n, nnakha ghak her a by a=hoŋ. Benefactive Benefactor possible agentive rain notnot----comecomecome----PSTPSTPSTPST----notnot that all drydrydry-dry ---PSTPSTPSTPST----givegivegive----PSTPSTPSTPST=SEQ=SEQ It did not rain, (and) after all that (i.e., their crops) dried up. nominative / Malefactive Malefactor impossible (Schackow 2015:299) agentive (40) ka tug a by a ŋ=na. Experiencer nominative / 111SG1SGSGSGget_illget_ill- ---PSTPSTPSTPST----givegivegive----PSTPSTPSTPST----1111SGSGSGSG=NMLZ.SG=NMLZ.SG Inactive impossible / Patient dative accusative I got ill. (Schackow 2015:299) Are there any similar examples in other TB languages? Future Tasks (2) Future Tasks (3)
Comparison of inactive constructions using ‘‘‘give ’’’ serial verb Dative subject constructions in TB languages among different TB languages Some western TB languages have dative subject constructions influenced by the neighbouring Indo Aryan languages (Zeislerv Similarities between Zauzou and Yakkha 2004, Subbarao, Hakacham & Sarju Devi 2007) volitional agent and an intentional action were not implied. Are there any other lanuages which have dative subject Differences between Zauzou and Yakkha constructions than Zauzou in the eastern group of TB languages? Yakkha ’’’s inactive constructions seem to be applicable only to express undesirable events. What is the difference between dative subject constructions in western TB languages and those of Zauzou? Is it possible to develop the typological study of ‘‘‘give ’’’ serial verb?
Abbreviation References (1)
Bickel, Balthasar (2003). Belhare. In Graham Thurgood C Randy J. LaPolla ACC: acusative marker AGT: agentive marker (eds.), The Sino-Tibetan languages , 546 570. London: Routledge. ASP: aspect marker CLS: classifier Konnerth, Linda Anna (2014). A Grammar of Karbi . Department of Linguistics and the Graduate School of University of Oregon dissertation. CONJ: conjunction DAT: dative marker Lanpingxian Nuzu xuehui (2015). Zoujin Nuzuzhixi Ruorouren . ([Approach to INST: instrumental marker MOD: modality marker Zauzou people: a Nu tribe branch] in Chinese) NMLZ: nominalizer PL: purual marker Miyagishi, Tetsuya and Li, Shào ēn (2017). Case Marking System of Jiangmo PST: past REL: relative clause marker Zauzou. The journal of the Graduate School, Yasuda Women's University No.22. SEQ: sequential SG: singular 37 55 TOP: topic maker 1PL: first person purual Miyagishi, Tetsuya and Li, Shào ēn (2018). Noun Phrase Constructions in Zauzou. The journal of the Graduate School, Yasuda Women's University No.23. 1SG: first person singular 2SG: secomd person singular 17 33 3SG: third person singular Peng, Guozhen & Chappell, Hilary (2011). Ya33 'Give' as a Valency Increaser in Jinghpo Nuclear Serialization. Studies in language 35:1, 128 167.
References (2) References (3)
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