DOCSLIB.ORG

The Lichen Genera Heppia and Peltula in India D. K. Upreti

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Lichen Genera Heppia and Peltula in India D. K. Upreti Joum. Hallor; Bot. Lab. No. 68: 279- 284 (June 1990) THE LICHEN GENERA HEPPIA AND PELTULA IN INDIA D. K. UPRETI1 AND B. BUDEL2 ABSTRACT. Five species of Pettuta and two species of Heppia are reported from India. Of the seven species, Heppia tutosa, H. trichophora, Pettuta euptoca, P. obscurans, P. patellata, P. tortuosa and P. zahtbruckneri, only H. lrichophora and P. euptoca were previously known from Inida. No lichen compounds were detected in all taxa by TLC. INTRODUCTION The lichen family Heppiaceae has so far been represented in India by two species, Heppia trichophora Awas. et S. Singh and Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt ex Pisut, reported from Mt. Abu, Rajasthan by Awasthi and Singh (1979). Wetmore (197 1) and Swinscow and Krog (1979), in revising the American and East African species of Heppia and Peltula respectively, treated both the genera within the family Heppiaceae. Blidel (1986 in; Eriksson & Hawksworth 1987a, p. 149) included the genus Peltula in the new family Peltulaceae, on the basis of ascocarp ontogeny together with the unique polysporous and unitunicate-rostrate ascus structure and function. Furthermore, Blidel (1 987b) described three new species and made three new combinations of Peltula while revising the genus from South Africa and added six more species to the ten known for Africa, previously described by Swinscow and Krog (1979) from East Africa. This paper deals with five species of Peltula and two of Heppia from India. The taxonomic account and a key for species identification are provided. MATERIAL The study is based on material lodged at Lucknow University, Lucknow Herbarium (LWU) and the herbarium of the National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (LWG). Type material from the herbaria of the Botanical Museum, Helsinki (H) and Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (w) was also investigated in this study. K EY TO THE INDIAN SPECIES OF HEPPlA AND PELTULA la. Thallus sorediate . ..... .......... .................... .. .. Peltula euploca 1b . Thallus non sorediate . .. 2 2a. Apices of lobules densely trichoma tic . .. Heppia trichophora 2b. Apices non-trichomatic . .. 3 I Cryptogamic Botany Section, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow- 226 001, India. 2 Fachbereich Biologie/Botanik, Philipps Universitat, Karl-v.-Frisch-Str., D-3550 Marburg/Lahn, F. R. Germany. 280 Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 68 I 990 3a. Asci 8-spored .. .. .. ...... ... .. .. ... ... .. ... ... ... Heppia lutosa 3b. Asci multispored . .. 4 4a. Apothecia immersed, disc punctiform, squamules multicarpous . .. 6 4b. Apothecia superfical, disc expanded, squamules I-(rarely 3- 5) carpous. 5 5a. Thallus upper surface reticulate rugose, margins upwards and smooth, forming a rim ........ ... ................ ............... .. .. .. .. .... Peltula patellata 5b. Thallus upper surface not so; rosette-shaped .................... Peltula obscurans 6a. Thallus subfruticose, ascending, lobes cylindrical, upright, top flattened .... ... .. Peltula tortuosa 6b. Thallus squamulose, lobes inflated, not ascending, horizontal .. Peltula zahlbruckneri SPECIES I. Heppia [utosa (Ach.) NyJ., Syn. Lich. 2: 45. 1855. - Collema lutosum Ach., Syn. Lich.: 309. 1814. Type: Germany (Holotype: H-ACH, not seen). Fig. 1. Thallus squamulose, olive to greenish grey; squamules 1- 7mm; flat-concave, roundish or irregular; margins slightly lobulate; upper surface rough and cracked; attached by a tuft of hyphae. Thallus 150--300 flm, upper cortex 30--70 flm thick; algal layer 40--100 flm or scattered throughout the thallus; hyphal cells anticlinally arranged within the medullary region; no lower cortex developed. Apothecia mostly one per squamule; immersed, disc 0.3- J.Omm expanded, without thalloid rim; epithecium yellowish, sometimes reddish brown, K -; hymenium 100--130flm thick; J + vinose red; paraphyses simple, septate; asci clavate without gelationus sheath, 60--75 x 15- 20 flm; 8-spored, spores hyaline, simple, oval-globose, 10--15 x 6-10 flm . Remarks: H. lutosa is characterized by flat, concave, roundish to irregular, olive to greenish-grey squamules. The asci and spores of the Indian species are somewhat smaller than in specimens from other parts of the world. This might be due to the immature stage of the ascocarpia in the Indian specimen. The other Indian species, H. trichophora, is differentiated by the presence of hyaline trichomes at the apices of the lobules. Specimen examined: U.P.; Allahabad, on black soil, Sepl. 1926, Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Dudgeon 729 (LWG) . 2. Heppia trichophora Awas. et Singh, Norw. J. Bot. 26: 92, 1979. Type: India, Rajasthan, Sirohi district, Mt. Abu, Kanrter Kund area, on rock, Singh 78 .151 (Holotype: LWU). Corticolous and saxicolous, thallus grey to greyish brown; squamules 1- 2 mm diameter, dichotomously to irregularly divided; apices of lobules flattened to swollen, densely trichoma tic; upper surface smooth, under surface erhizinate, attached by edge to the substrate. Thallus 50--100 flm thick, homoiomerous, paraplectenchymatous throughout, cells rounded to angular, cortex 10 flm thick, cellular; photobiont a member of the family Scytonemataceae, cells sphaerical, 4-10 flm in diameter. Apothecia absent. Specimens examined: Rajasthan, Sirohi district, Ml. Abu, all. ca. 1350m, on bark, 10.1.1978, Singh 78 .157 (LWU); Sirohi darbar area, all. ca. 1230 m; on rock, 9.1.1978, Singh 78.28 (LWG) . 3. Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt ex Pisut, Acta Rer. Nat. Mus. Slov. 13: 8, 1967. - Lichen euplocus Ach., Suec. Prodr.: 141, 1798. Holotype: Sweden; Westring (H-ACH). Fig. 2. Thallus squamulose, umbilicate, squamules grey green; peltate or orbicular to irregularly D. K. UPRETl & B. BODEL: Lichen genera Heppia and Petluta in India 281 1/h1 "i' ~\ 1/1 >----<", 1 lmm 2 3 I ."... FIGS. 1--6. Fig. l. Heppia tutosa, fertile squamule with immersed apothecia, ascus. Fig. 2. Pettula euptoca, sterile umbilicate squamule with sorediate margin, ascus. Fig. 3. Peltuta obscurans, fertile squamule with adnate apothecium, ascus. Fig. 4. Petluta patellala, fertile squamule, ascus. Fig. 5. Peltula tortuosa, fertile fruticose thallus, ascus. Fig. 6. Peltula zahlbruckneri, fertile sq uamule, ascus. 282 Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 68 I 990 lobulate, imbricate, 0.75- 15mm in diameter, margins down-rolled, entire or slightly lobulate, sorediate; soredia granular; attached to substratum by umbi-Iicus. Thallus 200-450/lm thick; upper cortex absent; algal layer 60-1 SO /lm thick; medulla with loose hyphae, 70-120 /lm thick; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 4-9 cells and 40-80 /lm thi.ck. Apothecia 3- 7 per squamule, totally immersed; disc punctiform or expanded, up to O.S mm, lacking thalloid rim; epithecium pale yellow, K -; hymenium 100-250/lm high, I + blue; paraphyses simple, capitate; asci 60-100 x 10-20 /lm, polysporous; spores ellipsoid, 3- S x 2- 3/lm. Remarks: P. euploca is the most frequently occurring species in India. It is charcterized by peltate or orbicular sometimes polyphyllous and sorediate squamules; when fertile, soredia are often lacking. The asci and spores are not fully developed in the Indian specimens. Specimens examined: Gujarat, Banas Kantha district, on rock, 1976, s.n. (LWG). Jammu & Kashmir, Pahalgam, all. 2134-2438 m, on exposed boulders, 2. 6. 1977, Dange 77-41 (LWU) . Madhay Pradesh, Jabalpur district, Mandan Mahal, 600 m, on rock, 24. I. 1980, Upreti & Misra 80--296 (LWU). Bedinagar Hills, on rock, 25. I. 1980, Upreti & Misra 80--316 (LWU). Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills, 1800m, on stones, 1.1.1971 , Awasthi & Singh. 71 -1 (LWU). Ootacomund, Valley Hill View, on stones, I. 12. 1973, Singh 73-526 (LWU). Uttar Pradesh, Mirzapur district, Shivpur Hills, alt. 500-600 m, on rock, 3. 2. 1980, Upreti & Misra 80--601, --{)15, --{)19 (LWU). Sirsi Falls, all. 600 m, on rocks, 4. 2.1980, Upreti & Misra 80--599, - 600 (LWU). Wyndom Falls, Kotwa, on rocks, 5. 2. 1980, Upreti & M isra 80-{)32/B, --{)40 (LWU). Uttar kashi district, harsil, 2400m, on rock, 22. 4. 1962, Singh 97530 (LWG). 4. Peltula obscurans (Nyl.) Gyelnik, Rep. Spec. Nov. Regn. Veg. 38: 308, 1935. - Endocarpiscum obscurans Nyl., Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand. 2(6): 309, 1872. Typus: France, Collioure, 1872, Nylander (Lectotype: H-NYL 30900, Wetmore, 1971). Fig. 3. Saxicolous, squamulose thallus, squamules greenish grey to olive, 0.7S-2.0mm in diam., rounded to angular, plain to convex, sometimes deeply lobed, rosette-shaped, attached by umbilicus. Thallus 100-250 /lm thick; epinecral layer 8- 30/lm, algal layer 40-100/lm thick; medulla of loose hyphae, 10-30/lm thick; lower cortex 3- S cell-layered, 15-40/lm thick. Apothecia 1- 2 (rarely 3) per squamule, disc brown-orange, up to 0.4 mm in diam., with thalloid rim, epithecium 1-, K-; hymenium 120-150/lm high, 1+ vinose-red; asci clavate, with gelatinous sheath, 72-80 x IS- 20 /lm, multispored, spores hyaline, simple, oval, 2- 3 x 1- 2/lm (immature ascocarp). Remarks: P. obscurans is close to P. michoacanensis (B. de Lesd.) Wetm. in size ofsquamules, but the latter has deeply concave squamules and the ascocarp lacks a thalloid rim. Specimens examined: Uttar Pradesh, Mirzapur district, Shivpur, 500--{)00 m, on rocks, 3.2.1980, Upreti & Misra 80--597 (LWU). Wyndom Falls, Kotwa, 500 m, on rocks, 5.2.1980, Upreti & Misra 80--{)33 (LWU). Rae Bareli district, Pithan village, on tiles, Singh 97600, 97617 (LWG). Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur, Karia Pathar, 550 m, on rocks, 25. I. 1980, Upreti & Misra 80--320 (LWU). S. Peltula patellata (Bag!.) Swinscow et Krog, Norw. J. Bot. 26: 221, 1979. - Acarospora patellata Bagl., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 7: 24S . Holotype: Ethiopia, Beccari 74 (FI, not seen). Fig. 4. Thallus squamulose, olive-brown, squamules 2.0-3.0mm in diam., concave to plane, orbicular to angulate or lobulate or ascending towards margin, upper surface reticulate-rugose, attached by a more or less central tuft of hyphae. Thallus IS0-2S0 /lm thick; epinecral layer 20-40/lm, algal layer S0-90 /lm thick; medulla paraplectenchymatous, partly composed of longitudinally disposed hyphae; lower cortex paraplectechymatous, 40-80/lm thick. Apothecia 1- (rarely S) per squamule, 0.5-1.0mm in diam., emergent; disc reddish brown, with thalloid D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Faculty Profile
    Format-II FACULTY PROFILE 1. Name: Dr. SHOBHA RAWAT 2. Designation: ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (Guest Faculty) 3. Qualification: M. Sc. BOTANT, Ph. D 4. Area of Specialization/Research field: LICHENOLOGY 5. Awards/Recognitions: RGNF- JRF (2007) RGNF- SRF (2009) UGC-POST DOCTORAL FELLOW (2012) 6. Number of Research projects: 01 i) Completed Sl. No. Title of the project Funding Agency Amount(Rs.) Year (From-To) 1 UGC- (PDF) UGC 18,75, 883 Rs. 2012-2017 ii) On-going: NA 7. Number of Ph. D candidates successfully completed: NO 8. Number of Ph. D candidates currently working: NO 9. Publications: 20 i) Books: NO ii) Research Articles published in journals 1. Rawat, S., Upreti, D. K. and Singh, R. P. (2009). Lichen flora of Mandal and adjoining localities towards Ukhimath in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. Journal of Phytological Research 22 (1) 47-52. ISSN: 0970-5767. 2. Rawat, S., Upreti, D. K. and Singh, R. P. (2010). Lichen diversity in Valley of Flowers National Park Western Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. Phytotaxonomy 10 112-117. ISSN 0972-4206. 3. Rawat, S., Upreti, D. K. and P. K. Divakar (2011). Xanthoparmelia xizangensis (J. C. Wei) Hale, a new record of lichen from India. Geophytology 41 (1-2) 101- 103. ISSN 0376-5561. 4. Rawat, S., Upreti, D. K. and Singh, R. P., (2011). Estimation of epiphytic lichen litter fall biomass in three temperate forests of Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India. International Society for Tropical Ecology 52 (2) 193-200. ISSN 0564-3295 5. Rawat, S., Singh, R. P. Upreti, D. K., (2013). Lichen Diversity Of Durmi Forest In Chamoli District, Uttarakhand, Journal Of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 37(2), 223.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 5A – Consultations the List Includes Stakeholders Interviewed During the Inception and Field Phase of the Joint Evaluation
    Joint Evaluation of the Secondary Education Support Programme Appendix 5a – Consultations The list includes stakeholders interviewed during the inception and field phase of the joint evaluation. In addition, the joint evaluation has benefited from feedback made by participants at the inception seminar and the seminar arranged to present the draft report. These included government officials, researchers, peer reviewers, civil society representatives and development partners. Appendix 5b has details on stakeholders consulted at districts and school level. Name Position Institution 1. Arjun Bahadur Bhandari Joint Secretary MoE 2. Janardhan Nepal Joint Secretary 3. Dr. Lava Deo Awasthi Joint Secretary 4. Bharat Nepali Pyakurel Under Secretary School Inspectorate, MoE 5. Ram Bahadur Khadka Section Officer 6. Ms. Usha Paudel (Kandel) Section Officer 7. Gopal Prasad Bhandari Section Officer 8. Nakul Baniya Section Officer Policy Analysis & Planning 9. Pralhad Aryal Section Officer Section, MOE 10. Deepak Sharma Under Secretary 11. Geha Nath Gautam Section Officer Planning Section, MoE 12. Narayan K Shrestha Section Officer Foreign Aid Coordination 13. Indra Bahadur Kunwar Section Officer Section (FACS), MOE 14. Mukunda Khanal Section Officer 15. Lesha Nath Poudel Under Secretary 16. Subhadra Kumari RC Thapa Under Secretary 17. Frank Jensen Chief Technical Adviser Education Sector Advisory Team / MoE 18. Mahashram Sharma Director General DoE 19. Chudamani Poudel Section Chief Gender Equity Section, DOE 20. Damodar Regmi Section Officer 21. Dibya Dawadi Section Officer 22. Kamala Gyawali Section Officer 23. Ram Hari Rijal 24. Arun Tiwari Section Chief Inclusive Education Section, 25. Ganesh Poudel Section Officer DOE 26. Narayan Subedi Section Officer 27. Kumar Bhattarai Section Officer 28.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Lichens on Few Ancient Monuments of Sonitpur District, Assam, North East India
    Vol. 8(11), pp. 291-296, November 2016 DOI: 10.5897/IJBC2016.0971 Article Number: 1912C0161158 International Journal of Biodiversity ISSN 2141-243X Copyright © 2016 and Conservation Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/IJBC Full Length Research Paper Distribution of Lichens on few ancient monuments of Sonitpur district, Assam, North East India Manas Pratim Choudhury1*, Mandira Sarma2, Sanjeeva Nayaka3 and Dilip Kumar Upreti3 1Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781001, Assam, India. 2Department of Botany, Cotton College, Guwahati-781001, Assam, India. 3Lichenology Laboratory, Plant Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, U.P., India. Received 21 March, 2016; Accepted 15 September, 2016 This preliminary investigation describes the diversity and distribution of lichens from the different archaeological monuments of Sonitpur district, located in the Eastern Himalayan region of India, which is a part of Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. It is a land of natural beauty and rich cultural heritage and it is well reflected in the number of archaeological sites and monuments of ancient time at this region. Enumerations of 38 species of lichen belonging to 21 genera and 15 families have been reported from the archaeological monuments of Sonitpur district. 6 species are new records for this state. Members of Physciaceae showed higher dominance with 11 species followed by Teloschistaceae with 4 species and Lecanoraceae and Verrucariaceae each containing 3 species, respectively. Cryptothecia subnidulans is the most widespread species, reported from 7 study sites. Key words: Diversity, Eastern Himalayan, heritage, hot spot, species. INTRODUCTION Lichens are a stable self-supporting association of a can withstand xeric conditions which other plants find mycobiont and a phycobiont in which the mycobiont is the unfavourable for their growth and survival.
    [Show full text]
  • R&D-FIAN Parallel Information Nepal
    Reference: The Second Periodic Report (Art.1-15) of Nepal to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (UN Doc. E/C.12/NPL/2) Parallel Information The Right to Adequate Food in Nepal (Article 11, ICESCR) Submitted at the occasion of the 38th session of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (30 April - May 2007) by FIAN International, an NGO in consultative status with ECOSOC, working for the right to feed oneself and Rights & Democracy, a Canadian institution in consultative status with ECOSOC working to promote the International Bill of Human Rights. - 1 - Table of Contents I. Preliminary remarks p.3 II. The situation of the Right to Food in Nepal p.4 III. Legal Framework of the Right to Food in Nepal p.16 IV. Illustrative cases of violations of the Right to Food p.22 V. Concluding remarks p.27 VI. Recommendations to the CESCR p.28 Annex I - Description of the International Fact-Finding Mission p.29 Annex II - List of Acronyms p.37 - 2 - I. Preliminary remarks The present document is presented to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as parallel information to the second periodic report of Nepal to the CESCR. The submitting organizations would like to acknowledge the opportunity given by the CESCR procedures and share with the Committee the first findings of two research projects which have been carried out by Rights & Democracy and FIAN International. 1. The Fact-Finding Mission to Nepal (coordinated by Rights & Democracy) The first measure is the Fact-Finding Mission (FFM) which took place from 8 to 20 April 2007 and was organized by the Canadian institution Rights & Democracy in collaboration with the Right to Food Research Unit at the University of Geneva, FIAN International and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).
    [Show full text]
  • An Evolving Phylogenetically Based Taxonomy of Lichens and Allied Fungi
    Opuscula Philolichenum, 11: 4-10. 2012. *pdf available online 3January2012 via (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/) An evolving phylogenetically based taxonomy of lichens and allied fungi 1 BRENDAN P. HODKINSON ABSTRACT. – A taxonomic scheme for lichens and allied fungi that synthesizes scientific knowledge from a variety of sources is presented. The system put forth here is intended both (1) to provide a skeletal outline of the lichens and allied fungi that can be used as a provisional filing and databasing scheme by lichen herbarium/data managers and (2) to announce the online presence of an official taxonomy that will define the scope of the newly formed International Committee for the Nomenclature of Lichens and Allied Fungi (ICNLAF). The online version of the taxonomy presented here will continue to evolve along with our understanding of the organisms. Additionally, the subfamily Fissurinoideae Rivas Plata, Lücking and Lumbsch is elevated to the rank of family as Fissurinaceae. KEYWORDS. – higher-level taxonomy, lichen-forming fungi, lichenized fungi, phylogeny INTRODUCTION Traditionally, lichen herbaria have been arranged alphabetically, a scheme that stands in stark contrast to the phylogenetic scheme used by nearly all vascular plant herbaria. The justification typically given for this practice is that lichen taxonomy is too unstable to establish a reasonable system of classification. However, recent leaps forward in our understanding of the higher-level classification of fungi, driven primarily by the NSF-funded Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life (AFToL) project (Lutzoni et al. 2004), have caused the taxonomy of lichen-forming and allied fungi to increase significantly in stability. This is especially true within the class Lecanoromycetes, the main group of lichen-forming fungi (Miadlikowska et al.
    [Show full text]
  • H. Thorsten Lumbsch VP, Science & Education the Field Museum 1400
    H. Thorsten Lumbsch VP, Science & Education The Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605 USA Tel: 1-312-665-7881 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests Evolution and Systematics of Fungi Biogeography and Diversification Rates of Fungi Species delimitation Diversity of lichen-forming fungi Professional Experience Since 2017 Vice President, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago. USA 2014-2017 Director, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2014 Curator, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2013-2014 Associate Director, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2009-2013 Chair, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2011 MacArthur Associate Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2006-2014 Associate Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2005-2009 Head of Cryptogams, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2004 Member, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago. Courses: BIOS 430 Evolution (UIC), BIOS 23410 Complex Interactions: Coevolution, Parasites, Mutualists, and Cheaters (U of C) Reading group: Phylogenetic methods. 2003-2006 Assistant Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 1998-2003 Privatdozent (Assistant Professor), Botanical Institute, University – GHS - Essen. Lectures: General Botany, Evolution of lower plants, Photosynthesis, Courses: Cryptogams, Biology
    [Show full text]
  • An Inventory of Lichens in Uttar Pradesh Through Bibliographic Compilation
    National Conference on Forest Biodiversity : Earth’s Living Treasure 22nd May , 2011 An Inventory of Lichens in Uttar Pradesh through Bibliographic Compilation Sanjeeva Nayaka* and Dalip K. Upreti Lichenology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow - 226 001 *Email : [email protected] Introduction monographic studies (Awasthi 1980, Akhtar & Awasthi 1980, Awasthi & Srivastava 1989, Joshi & Lichens are basically fungi that construct self sustainable composite thalli symbiotically in Upreti 2007, 2008, Pant & Upreti 1993, Singh & association with alga and or cyanobacteria. They are Upreti 1984, Upreti 1988, 1997, Upreti & Büdel included in the fungal Kingdom, but have members 1990). In the mean time, lichens growing over of other two kingdoms; Bacteria and Chromista monuments attracted the attention of lichenologists (Cavalier-Smith 2004). Lichens are ubiquitous, and they are studied from some major monuments sensitive indicators of air pollution, microclimate of of Uttar Pradesh (Ayub 2005, Chatterjee et al. 1996, region, anthropogenic disturbances, forest health and Saxena et al. 2004, Singh & Upreti 1991). More continuity, and constitute an important component recently, air pollution studies with the help of of terrestrial biodiversity. It is estimated that in the lichens are being conducted in Faizabad (Dubey et world, there are about 20,000 species (Sipman & al. 1999), Kanpur (Satya & Upreti 2009, 2011), Aptroot ,2001) and in India 2300 species (Singh & Lucknow (Bajpai et al. 2004, Mishra et al. 2003, Sinha 2010). Saxena 2004, Saxena et al. 2007, Upreti & Bajpai 2003), Rae Bareli (Bajpai et al. 2010a, b) districts of In India, most of the lichenological explorations Uttar Pradesh and regarding this some lichens have were under taken in lichen rich regions such as been collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Security in Nepal: Concepts, Issues and Challenges
    Human Security in Nepal: Concepts, Issues and Challenges 1 Human Security in Nepal: Concepts, Issues and Challenges Edited by Bishnu Raj Upreti Rajan Bhattarai Geja Sharma Wagle Published by Nepal Institute for Policy Studies and South Asia Regional Coordination Office of NCCR (North-South) Kathmandu 2013 Citation: Upreti BR, Bhattarai R, Wagle GS, editors. 2013. Human Security in Nepal: Concepts, Issues and Challenges. Kathmandu: Nepal Institute for Policy Studies (NIPS) and South Asia Regional Coordination Office of NCCR (North-South). Copyright © 2013 by NIPS and NCCR North-South, Kathmandu, Nepal. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-9937-2-5257-7 Subsidised price: NRs. 400/- Layout & cover design: Jyoti Khatiwada Printed by: Heidel Press Pvt. Ltd. Dillibazar, Kathmandu Cover Concept: Safal Ghimire Disclaimer: The content and materials presented in this book are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the institution with which the authors are affiliated. Dedication To the millions of people who are suffering from human insecurity. Acknowledgements The issue of security is a little-debated matter in our academic domain. When it comes to dealing human security, we often confront questions like: What constitutes human security? Why has it become so pertinent for a country like Nepal? How can human security be made tenable? These and many other questions on human security came to our mind before we decided to publish this book. This is our small attempt to address some of those questions and generate debate and discussion on the increasingly changing security dynamics of Nepal. This book is the collective outcome of the efforts of several people.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2009 the California Lichen Society Seeks to Promote the Appreciation, Conservation and Study of Lichens
    Bulletin of the California Lichen Society Volume 16 No. 2 Winter 2009 The California Lichen Society seeks to promote the appreciation, conservation and study of lichens. The interests of the Society include the entire western part of the continent, although the focus is on California. Dues categories (in $US per year): Student and fixed income - $10, Regular - $20 ($25 for foreign members), Family - $25, Sponsor and Libraries - $35, Donor - $50, Benefactor - $100 and Life Membership - $500 (one time) payable to the California Lichen Society, PO Box 7775 #21135 , San Francisco, California 94120-7775. Members receive the Bulletin and notices of meetings, field trips, lectures and workshops. Board Members of the California Lichen Society: President: Erin Martin, shastalichens gmail.com Vice President: Michelle Caisse Secretary: Patti Patterson Treasurer: Cheryl Beyer Editor: Tom Carlberg Committees of the California Lichen Society: Data Base: Bill Hill, chairperson Conservation: Eric Peterson, chairperson Education/Outreach: Erin Martin, chairperson Poster/Mini Guides: Janet Doell, chairperson Events/field trips/workshops: Judy Robertson, chairperson The Bulletin of the California Lichen Society (ISSN 1093-9148) is edited by Tom Carlberg, tcarlberg7 yahoo.com. The Bulletin has a review committee including Larry St. Clair, Shirley Tucker, William Sanders, and Richard Moe, and is produced by Eric Peterson. The Bulletin welcomes manuscripts on technical topics in lichenology relating to western North America and on conservation of the lichens, as well as news of lichenologists and their activities. The best way to submit manuscripts is by e-mail attachments or on a CD in the format of a major word processor (DOC or RTF preferred).
    [Show full text]
  • A Field Guide to Biological Soil Crusts of Western U.S. Drylands Common Lichens and Bryophytes
    A Field Guide to Biological Soil Crusts of Western U.S. Drylands Common Lichens and Bryophytes Roger Rosentreter Matthew Bowker Jayne Belnap Photographs by Stephen Sharnoff Roger Rosentreter, Ph.D. Bureau of Land Management Idaho State Office 1387 S. Vinnell Way Boise, ID 83709 Matthew Bowker, Ph.D. Center for Environmental Science and Education Northern Arizona University Box 5694 Flagstaff, AZ 86011 Jayne Belnap, Ph.D. U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Canyonlands Research Station 2290 S. West Resource Blvd. Moab, UT 84532 Design and layout by Tina M. Kister, U.S. Geological Survey, Canyonlands Research Station, 2290 S. West Resource Blvd., Moab, UT 84532 All photos, unless otherwise indicated, copyright © 2007 Stephen Sharnoff, Ste- phen Sharnoff Photography, 2709 10th St., Unit E, Berkeley, CA 94710-2608, www.sharnoffphotos.com/. Rosentreter, R., M. Bowker, and J. Belnap. 2007. A Field Guide to Biological Soil Crusts of Western U.S. Drylands. U.S. Government Printing Office, Denver, Colorado. Cover photos: Biological soil crust in Canyonlands National Park, Utah, cour- tesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................... 4 How to use this guide .................................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................... 4 Crust composition ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Higher-Level Phylogenetic Classification of the Fungi
    mycological research 111 (2007) 509–547 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi David S. HIBBETTa,*, Manfred BINDERa, Joseph F. BISCHOFFb, Meredith BLACKWELLc, Paul F. CANNONd, Ove E. ERIKSSONe, Sabine HUHNDORFf, Timothy JAMESg, Paul M. KIRKd, Robert LU¨ CKINGf, H. THORSTEN LUMBSCHf, Franc¸ois LUTZONIg, P. Brandon MATHENYa, David J. MCLAUGHLINh, Martha J. POWELLi, Scott REDHEAD j, Conrad L. SCHOCHk, Joseph W. SPATAFORAk, Joost A. STALPERSl, Rytas VILGALYSg, M. Catherine AIMEm, Andre´ APTROOTn, Robert BAUERo, Dominik BEGEROWp, Gerald L. BENNYq, Lisa A. CASTLEBURYm, Pedro W. CROUSl, Yu-Cheng DAIr, Walter GAMSl, David M. GEISERs, Gareth W. GRIFFITHt,Ce´cile GUEIDANg, David L. HAWKSWORTHu, Geir HESTMARKv, Kentaro HOSAKAw, Richard A. HUMBERx, Kevin D. HYDEy, Joseph E. IRONSIDEt, Urmas KO˜ LJALGz, Cletus P. KURTZMANaa, Karl-Henrik LARSSONab, Robert LICHTWARDTac, Joyce LONGCOREad, Jolanta MIA˛ DLIKOWSKAg, Andrew MILLERae, Jean-Marc MONCALVOaf, Sharon MOZLEY-STANDRIDGEag, Franz OBERWINKLERo, Erast PARMASTOah, Vale´rie REEBg, Jack D. ROGERSai, Claude ROUXaj, Leif RYVARDENak, Jose´ Paulo SAMPAIOal, Arthur SCHU¨ ßLERam, Junta SUGIYAMAan, R. Greg THORNao, Leif TIBELLap, Wendy A. UNTEREINERaq, Christopher WALKERar, Zheng WANGa, Alex WEIRas, Michael WEISSo, Merlin M. WHITEat, Katarina WINKAe, Yi-Jian YAOau, Ning ZHANGav aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA bNational Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information,
    [Show full text]
  • Upreti, Trilochan, International Watercourses Law and Its
    International Watercourses Law and Its Application in South Asia Dr. Trilochan Upreti has been working with His Majesty's Government of Nepal as a Joint Secretary. At the moment, he has been working in Human Rights division, in Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. He has worked 23 years in different offices on different capacity. He has also taken part as a member of Nepalese delegation in negotiation with India concerning the water resources development in South Asia. He has concluded his Ph.D. from the University of Reading, UK in 2004. His thesis was related with the development and codification of international watercourses law and its application Dr. Trilochan Upreti in south Asia. However, he has rewritten and transformed it into the shape of this book. He has written dozens of articles in several daily newspapers and also in several journals regarding different aspects of water resources development and has analyzed the role of international watercourses law. Particularly, his contribution on the application of the principle of equitable utilization has been highly appreciated. He has also written a travel story regarding his days in the United Kingdom. Besides, he has contributed one article "Equitable Utilization of Nepalese Water Resources: Bilateral and Regional Perspectives" in International Watercourses Law for the 21st Century, edited by Surya P. Subedi, which is recently published by ASGATE Publisher in United Kingdom and the United States of America. Another article "The Role of the World Bank and Financial Institutions in Funding Water Resources Projects" has been expected to publish in Indian Year Book of International Law, 2005.
    [Show full text]