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The Lichen Genera Heppia and Peltula in India D. K. Upreti

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Joum. Hallor; Bot. Lab. No. 68: 279- 284 (June 1990) THE LICHEN GENERA HEPPIA AND PELTULA IN INDIA D. K. UPRETI1 AND B. BUDEL2 ABSTRACT. Five species of Pettuta and two species of Heppia are reported from India. Of the seven species, Heppia tutosa, H. trichophora, Pettuta euptoca, P. obscurans, P. patellata, P. tortuosa and P. zahtbruckneri, only H. lrichophora and P. euptoca were previously known from Inida. No lichen compounds were detected in all taxa by TLC. INTRODUCTION The lichen family Heppiaceae has so far been represented in India by two species, Heppia trichophora Awas. et S. Singh and Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt ex Pisut, reported from Mt. Abu, Rajasthan by Awasthi and Singh (1979). Wetmore (197 1) and Swinscow and Krog (1979), in revising the American and East African species of Heppia and Peltula respectively, treated both the genera within the family Heppiaceae. Blidel (1986 in; Eriksson & Hawksworth 1987a, p. 149) included the genus Peltula in the new family Peltulaceae, on the basis of ascocarp ontogeny together with the unique polysporous and unitunicate-rostrate ascus structure and function. Furthermore, Blidel (1 987b) described three new species and made three new combinations of Peltula while revising the genus from South Africa and added six more species to the ten known for Africa, previously described by Swinscow and Krog (1979) from East Africa. This paper deals with five species of Peltula and two of Heppia from India. The taxonomic account and a key for species identification are provided. MATERIAL The study is based on material lodged at Lucknow University, Lucknow Herbarium (LWU) and the herbarium of the National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (LWG). Type material from the herbaria of the Botanical Museum, Helsinki (H) and Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (w) was also investigated in this study. K EY TO THE INDIAN SPECIES OF HEPPlA AND PELTULA la. Thallus sorediate . ..... .......... .................... .. .. Peltula euploca 1b . Thallus non sorediate . .. 2 2a. Apices of lobules densely trichoma tic . .. Heppia trichophora 2b. Apices non-trichomatic . .. 3 I Cryptogamic Botany Section, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow- 226 001, India. 2 Fachbereich Biologie/Botanik, Philipps Universitat, Karl-v.-Frisch-Str., D-3550 Marburg/Lahn, F. R. Germany. 280 Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 68 I 990 3a. Asci 8-spored .. .. .. ...... ... .. .. ... ... .. ... ... ... Heppia lutosa 3b. Asci multispored . .. 4 4a. Apothecia immersed, disc punctiform, squamules multicarpous . .. 6 4b. Apothecia superfical, disc expanded, squamules I-(rarely 3- 5) carpous. 5 5a. Thallus upper surface reticulate rugose, margins upwards and smooth, forming a rim ........ ... ................ ............... .. .. .. .. .... Peltula patellata 5b. Thallus upper surface not so; rosette-shaped .................... Peltula obscurans 6a. Thallus subfruticose, ascending, lobes cylindrical, upright, top flattened .... ... .. Peltula tortuosa 6b. Thallus squamulose, lobes inflated, not ascending, horizontal .. Peltula zahlbruckneri SPECIES I. Heppia [utosa (Ach.) NyJ., Syn. Lich. 2: 45. 1855. - Collema lutosum Ach., Syn. Lich.: 309. 1814. Type: Germany (Holotype: H-ACH, not seen). Fig. 1. Thallus squamulose, olive to greenish grey; squamules 1- 7mm; flat-concave, roundish or irregular; margins slightly lobulate; upper surface rough and cracked; attached by a tuft of hyphae. Thallus 150--300 flm, upper cortex 30--70 flm thick; algal layer 40--100 flm or scattered throughout the thallus; hyphal cells anticlinally arranged within the medullary region; no lower cortex developed. Apothecia mostly one per squamule; immersed, disc 0.3- J.Omm expanded, without thalloid rim; epithecium yellowish, sometimes reddish brown, K -; hymenium 100--130flm thick; J + vinose red; paraphyses simple, septate; asci clavate without gelationus sheath, 60--75 x 15- 20 flm; 8-spored, spores hyaline, simple, oval-globose, 10--15 x 6-10 flm . Remarks: H. lutosa is characterized by flat, concave, roundish to irregular, olive to greenish-grey squamules. The asci and spores of the Indian species are somewhat smaller than in specimens from other parts of the world. This might be due to the immature stage of the ascocarpia in the Indian specimen. The other Indian species, H. trichophora, is differentiated by the presence of hyaline trichomes at the apices of the lobules. Specimen examined: U.P.; Allahabad, on black soil, Sepl. 1926, Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Dudgeon 729 (LWG) . 2. Heppia trichophora Awas. et Singh, Norw. J. Bot. 26: 92, 1979. Type: India, Rajasthan, Sirohi district, Mt. Abu, Kanrter Kund area, on rock, Singh 78 .151 (Holotype: LWU). Corticolous and saxicolous, thallus grey to greyish brown; squamules 1- 2 mm diameter, dichotomously to irregularly divided; apices of lobules flattened to swollen, densely trichoma tic; upper surface smooth, under surface erhizinate, attached by edge to the substrate. Thallus 50--100 flm thick, homoiomerous, paraplectenchymatous throughout, cells rounded to angular, cortex 10 flm thick, cellular; photobiont a member of the family Scytonemataceae, cells sphaerical, 4-10 flm in diameter. Apothecia absent. Specimens examined: Rajasthan, Sirohi district, Ml. Abu, all. ca. 1350m, on bark, 10.1.1978, Singh 78 .157 (LWU); Sirohi darbar area, all. ca. 1230 m; on rock, 9.1.1978, Singh 78.28 (LWG) . 3. Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt ex Pisut, Acta Rer. Nat. Mus. Slov. 13: 8, 1967. - Lichen euplocus Ach., Suec. Prodr.: 141, 1798. Holotype: Sweden; Westring (H-ACH). Fig. 2. Thallus squamulose, umbilicate, squamules grey green; peltate or orbicular to irregularly D. K. UPRETl & B. BODEL: Lichen genera Heppia and Petluta in India 281 1/h1 "i' ~\ 1/1 >----<", 1 lmm 2 3 I ."... FIGS. 1--6. Fig. l. Heppia tutosa, fertile squamule with immersed apothecia, ascus. Fig. 2. Pettula euptoca, sterile umbilicate squamule with sorediate margin, ascus. Fig. 3. Peltuta obscurans, fertile squamule with adnate apothecium, ascus. Fig. 4. Petluta patellala, fertile squamule, ascus. Fig. 5. Peltula tortuosa, fertile fruticose thallus, ascus. Fig. 6. Peltula zahlbruckneri, fertile sq uamule, ascus. 282 Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 68 I 990 lobulate, imbricate, 0.75- 15mm in diameter, margins down-rolled, entire or slightly lobulate, sorediate; soredia granular; attached to substratum by umbi-Iicus. Thallus 200-450/lm thick; upper cortex absent; algal layer 60-1 SO /lm thick; medulla with loose hyphae, 70-120 /lm thick; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous, 4-9 cells and 40-80 /lm thi.ck. Apothecia 3- 7 per squamule, totally immersed; disc punctiform or expanded, up to O.S mm, lacking thalloid rim; epithecium pale yellow, K -; hymenium 100-250/lm high, I + blue; paraphyses simple, capitate; asci 60-100 x 10-20 /lm, polysporous; spores ellipsoid, 3- S x 2- 3/lm. Remarks: P. euploca is the most frequently occurring species in India. It is charcterized by peltate or orbicular sometimes polyphyllous and sorediate squamules; when fertile, soredia are often lacking. The asci and spores are not fully developed in the Indian specimens. Specimens examined: Gujarat, Banas Kantha district, on rock, 1976, s.n. (LWG). Jammu & Kashmir, Pahalgam, all. 2134-2438 m, on exposed boulders, 2. 6. 1977, Dange 77-41 (LWU) . Madhay Pradesh, Jabalpur district, Mandan Mahal, 600 m, on rock, 24. I. 1980, Upreti & Misra 80--296 (LWU). Bedinagar Hills, on rock, 25. I. 1980, Upreti & Misra 80--316 (LWU). Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills, 1800m, on stones, 1.1.1971 , Awasthi & Singh. 71 -1 (LWU). Ootacomund, Valley Hill View, on stones, I. 12. 1973, Singh 73-526 (LWU). Uttar Pradesh, Mirzapur district, Shivpur Hills, alt. 500-600 m, on rock, 3. 2. 1980, Upreti & Misra 80--601, --{)15, --{)19 (LWU). Sirsi Falls, all. 600 m, on rocks, 4. 2.1980, Upreti & Misra 80--599, - 600 (LWU). Wyndom Falls, Kotwa, on rocks, 5. 2. 1980, Upreti & M isra 80-{)32/B, --{)40 (LWU). Uttar kashi district, harsil, 2400m, on rock, 22. 4. 1962, Singh 97530 (LWG). 4. Peltula obscurans (Nyl.) Gyelnik, Rep. Spec. Nov. Regn. Veg. 38: 308, 1935. - Endocarpiscum obscurans Nyl., Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand. 2(6): 309, 1872. Typus: France, Collioure, 1872, Nylander (Lectotype: H-NYL 30900, Wetmore, 1971). Fig. 3. Saxicolous, squamulose thallus, squamules greenish grey to olive, 0.7S-2.0mm in diam., rounded to angular, plain to convex, sometimes deeply lobed, rosette-shaped, attached by umbilicus. Thallus 100-250 /lm thick; epinecral layer 8- 30/lm, algal layer 40-100/lm thick; medulla of loose hyphae, 10-30/lm thick; lower cortex 3- S cell-layered, 15-40/lm thick. Apothecia 1- 2 (rarely 3) per squamule, disc brown-orange, up to 0.4 mm in diam., with thalloid rim, epithecium 1-, K-; hymenium 120-150/lm high, 1+ vinose-red; asci clavate, with gelatinous sheath, 72-80 x IS- 20 /lm, multispored, spores hyaline, simple, oval, 2- 3 x 1- 2/lm (immature ascocarp). Remarks: P. obscurans is close to P. michoacanensis (B. de Lesd.) Wetm. in size ofsquamules, but the latter has deeply concave squamules and the ascocarp lacks a thalloid rim. Specimens examined: Uttar Pradesh, Mirzapur district, Shivpur, 500--{)00 m, on rocks, 3.2.1980, Upreti & Misra 80--597 (LWU). Wyndom Falls, Kotwa, 500 m, on rocks, 5.2.1980, Upreti & Misra 80--{)33 (LWU). Rae Bareli district, Pithan village, on tiles, Singh 97600, 97617 (LWG). Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur, Karia Pathar, 550 m, on rocks, 25. I. 1980, Upreti & Misra 80--320 (LWU). S. Peltula patellata (Bag!.) Swinscow et Krog, Norw. J. Bot. 26: 221, 1979. - Acarospora patellata Bagl., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 7: 24S . Holotype: Ethiopia, Beccari 74 (FI, not seen). Fig. 4. Thallus squamulose, olive-brown, squamules 2.0-3.0mm in diam., concave to plane, orbicular to angulate or lobulate or ascending towards margin, upper surface reticulate-rugose, attached by a more or less central tuft of hyphae. Thallus IS0-2S0 /lm thick; epinecral layer 20-40/lm, algal layer S0-90 /lm thick; medulla paraplectenchymatous, partly composed of longitudinally disposed hyphae; lower cortex paraplectechymatous, 40-80/lm thick. Apothecia 1- (rarely S) per squamule, 0.5-1.0mm in diam., emergent; disc reddish brown, with thalloid D.
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    mycological research 111 (2007) 509–547 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi David S. HIBBETTa,*, Manfred BINDERa, Joseph F. BISCHOFFb, Meredith BLACKWELLc, Paul F. CANNONd, Ove E. ERIKSSONe, Sabine HUHNDORFf, Timothy JAMESg, Paul M. KIRKd, Robert LU¨ CKINGf, H. THORSTEN LUMBSCHf, Franc¸ois LUTZONIg, P. Brandon MATHENYa, David J. MCLAUGHLINh, Martha J. POWELLi, Scott REDHEAD j, Conrad L. SCHOCHk, Joseph W. SPATAFORAk, Joost A. STALPERSl, Rytas VILGALYSg, M. Catherine AIMEm, Andre´ APTROOTn, Robert BAUERo, Dominik BEGEROWp, Gerald L. BENNYq, Lisa A. CASTLEBURYm, Pedro W. CROUSl, Yu-Cheng DAIr, Walter GAMSl, David M. GEISERs, Gareth W. GRIFFITHt,Ce´cile GUEIDANg, David L. HAWKSWORTHu, Geir HESTMARKv, Kentaro HOSAKAw, Richard A. HUMBERx, Kevin D. HYDEy, Joseph E. IRONSIDEt, Urmas KO˜ LJALGz, Cletus P. KURTZMANaa, Karl-Henrik LARSSONab, Robert LICHTWARDTac, Joyce LONGCOREad, Jolanta MIA˛ DLIKOWSKAg, Andrew MILLERae, Jean-Marc MONCALVOaf, Sharon MOZLEY-STANDRIDGEag, Franz OBERWINKLERo, Erast PARMASTOah, Vale´rie REEBg, Jack D. ROGERSai, Claude ROUXaj, Leif RYVARDENak, Jose´ Paulo SAMPAIOal, Arthur SCHU¨ ßLERam, Junta SUGIYAMAan, R. Greg THORNao, Leif TIBELLap, Wendy A. UNTEREINERaq, Christopher WALKERar, Zheng WANGa, Alex WEIRas, Michael WEISSo, Merlin M. WHITEat, Katarina WINKAe, Yi-Jian YAOau, Ning ZHANGav aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA bNational Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information,
  • Upreti, Trilochan, International Watercourses Law and Its

    Upreti, Trilochan, International Watercourses Law and Its

    International Watercourses Law and Its Application in South Asia Dr. Trilochan Upreti has been working with His Majesty's Government of Nepal as a Joint Secretary. At the moment, he has been working in Human Rights division, in Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. He has worked 23 years in different offices on different capacity. He has also taken part as a member of Nepalese delegation in negotiation with India concerning the water resources development in South Asia. He has concluded his Ph.D. from the University of Reading, UK in 2004. His thesis was related with the development and codification of international watercourses law and its application Dr. Trilochan Upreti in south Asia. However, he has rewritten and transformed it into the shape of this book. He has written dozens of articles in several daily newspapers and also in several journals regarding different aspects of water resources development and has analyzed the role of international watercourses law. Particularly, his contribution on the application of the principle of equitable utilization has been highly appreciated. He has also written a travel story regarding his days in the United Kingdom. Besides, he has contributed one article "Equitable Utilization of Nepalese Water Resources: Bilateral and Regional Perspectives" in International Watercourses Law for the 21st Century, edited by Surya P. Subedi, which is recently published by ASGATE Publisher in United Kingdom and the United States of America. Another article "The Role of the World Bank and Financial Institutions in Funding Water Resources Projects" has been expected to publish in Indian Year Book of International Law, 2005.