FAMILY Ctenoluciidae Schultz, 1944 - pike-characids [=Xiphostomi, Xiphostominae, Ctenolucinae, Spixostomatidae] Notes: Xiphostomi Swainson, 1838:259 [ref. 4302] (no family-group name) Xiphostominae Boulenger, 1904b:576 [ref. 31880] (subfamily) Xiphostoma Agassiz [stem corrected to Xiphostomat- by Regan 1911e:20 [ref. 3642], confirmed by Myers & Storey 1956:27 [ref. 32831] and by Lindberg 1971:84 [ref. 27211]; invalid, Article 39] Ctenolucinae Schultz, 1944b:258, 259 [ref. 3960] (subfamily) [stem emended to Ctenoluci- by Fowler 1950:327 [ref. 18869], confirmed by Lindberg 1971:84 [ref. 27211], by Géry 1972b:50, 64 [ref. 1594] and by Vari 1995:41 [ref. 21840]] Spixostomatidae Whitley, 1951b:407 [ref. 4715] (family) Spixostoma [replacement name for Xiphostomidae]

GENUS Eigenmann, 1903 - pike-characids [=Boulengerella Eigenmann [C. H.], 1903:147, Spixostoma Whitley [G. P.], 1951:407, Xiphostoma Agassiz [L.], in Spix & Agassiz, 1829:60, 78] Notes: [ref. 1218]. Fem. Xiphostoma lateristriga Boulenger, 1895. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Boulengerella Eigenmann, 1903 -- (Géry 1977:106 [ref. 1597], Taphorn 1992:403 [ref. 23654], Vari 1995:57 [ref. 21840], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:252 [ref. 27061], Oliveira et al. 2011:12 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Boulengerella Eigenmann, 1903. Ctenoluciidae. (Spixostoma) [ref. 4715]. Neut. Xiphostoma cuvieri Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Xiphostoma Agassiz, 1829, preoccupied by Xiphostoma Kirby & Spence, 1818 in Hemiptera. •Synonym of Boulengerella Eigenmann, 1903, but a valid subgenus Spixostoma -- (Géry 1977:106 [ref. 1597]). •Synonym of Boulengerella Eigenmann, 1903 -- (Vari 1995:57 [ref. 21840], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:252 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Boulengerella Eigenmann, 1903. Ctenoluciidae. (Xiphostoma) [ref. 13]. Neut. Xiphostoma cuvieri Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Xiphostoma Kirby & Spence 1818 in Hemiptera, replaced by Spixostoma Whitley, 1951. Spelled Xiphostomus by Swainson 1839:290 [ref. 4303], also Xyphostoma by authors. For authorship and date see Kottelat 1988:78 [ref. 13380]. •In the synonymy of Boulengerella Eigenmann, 1903 – (Taphorn 1992:403 [ref. 23654], Vari 1995:57 [ref. 21840], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:252 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Boulengerella Eigenmann, 1903. Ctenoluciidae.

Species (Spix, 1829) - Cuvier's pike-characid (author) [=Xiphostoma cuvieri Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:79, Pl. 42, Xiphostoma longipinne Steindachner [F.], 1876:132 [84], Xiphostoma ocellatum Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1841:245, Pl. 23, Xiphostoma oseryi Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:76, Pl. 40 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Rivers of Brazil. Current status: Valid as Boulengerella cuvieri (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Ctenoluciidae. Distribution: Amazon, Tocantins, Orinoco, Essequibo and Oyapock river basins and Amapá and Pará rivers in Brazil: Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (longipinne) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Mouth of Rio Negro, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Boulengerella cuvieri (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Ctenoluciidae. Habitat: freshwater. (ocellatum) [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Essequibo River, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Boulengerella cuvieri (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Ctenoluciidae. Habitat: freshwater. (oseryi) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio Tocantins, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Boulengerella cuvieri (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Ctenoluciidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Boulengerella lateristriga (Boulenger, 1895) - striped pike-characin [=Xiphostoma lateristriga Boulenger [G. A.], 1895:449] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 15 (no. 89) (art. 51); ref. 14577] Manaus, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Boulengerella lateristriga (Boulenger, 1895). Ctenoluciidae. Distribution: Negro River basin and southern upper Orinoco River basin: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Boulengerella lucius (Cuvier, 1816) - golden pike-characin [=Hydrocynus lucius Cuvier [G.], 1816:168] Notes: [Le Règne v. 2; ref. 993] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Boulengerella lucius (Cuvier, 1816). Ctenoluciidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Boulengerella maculata (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - spotted pike-characin [=Xiphostoma maculatum Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:357, Xiphostoma taedo Cope [E. D.], 1872:267, Pl. 13 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazon River, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Boulengerella maculata (Valenciennes, 1850). Ctenoluciidae. Distribution: Amazon, Tocantins and Orinoco river basins: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (taedo) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Boulengerella maculata (Valenciennes, 1850). Ctenoluciidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Boulengerella xyrekes Vari, 1995 - Vari's pike-characid (author) [=Boulengerella xyrekes Vari [R. P.], 1995:82, Figs. 46-50] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 564; ref. 21840] Cachoeira de Bicho-Açu, about 0°20'S, 65°20'W, Rio Marauiá, Rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Boulengerella xyrekes Vari, 1995. Ctenoluciidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Ctenolucius Gill, 1861 - pike-characids [=Ctenolucius Gill [T. N.], 1861:8, Belonocharax Fowler [H. W.], 1907:464, Luciocharax Steindachner [F.], 1879:67] Notes: [ref. 1766]. Masc. Xiphostoma hujeta Valenciennes, 1850. Type by subsequent monotypy. Appeared first without a definite species for specimens similar to Xiphostoma hujeta; type established by Bean 1908:701 [ref. 5014], who identified the specimens as X. hujeta. •Valid as Ctenolucius Gill, 1861 -- (Géry 1977:103 [ref. 1597], Vari 1995:42 [ref. 21840], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:253 [ref. 27061], Oliveira et al. 2011:12 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Ctenolucius Gill, 1861. Ctenoluciidae. (Belonocharax) [ref. 1374]. Masc. Belonocharax beani Fowler, 1907. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Ctenolucius Gill 1861 -- (Vari 1995:42 [ref. 21840], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:253 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Ctenolucius Gill, 1861. Ctenoluciidae. (Luciocharax) [ref. 4227]. Masc. Luciocharax insculptus Steindachner, 1878. Type by monotypy. Ctenolucius Gill, 1861 is regarded as available and predates Luciocharax when treated as congeneric. Possibly published in 1878, •Synonym of Ctenolucius Gill, 1861 – (Vari 1995:42 [ref. 21840], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:253 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Ctenolucius Gill, 1861. Ctenoluciidae.

Species Ctenolucius beani (Fowler, 1907) - Bean's pike-characid (author) [=Belonocharax beani Fowler [H. W.], 1907:464, Fig. 51, Luciocharax striatus Boulenger [G. A.], 1911:212] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58; ref. 1374] Truando, Río Atrato basin, Isthmus of Darien, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Ctenolucius beani (Fowler, 1907). Ctenoluciidae. Distribution: Atrato and San Juan River basins of northwestern Colombia and Pacific versant rivers of Panama: Colombia and Panama. Habitat: freshwater. (striatus) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 7 (no. 38); ref. 14777] Boca de Calima, Chocó Dept., southwestern Colombia, elevation 5200 feet. Current status: Synonym of Ctenolucius beani (Fowler, 1907). Ctenoluciidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - gar characin [=Xiphostoma hujeta Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:358, Luciocharax insculptus Steindachner [F.], 1878:91] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Rivers of Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Ctenolucius hujeta (Valenciennes, 1850). Ctenoluciidae. Distribution: Magdalena and Sinú River basins and rivers draining into Lake Maracaibo: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (insculptus) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 15 (no. 12); ref. 20476] Cienaga, Río Magdalena, Colombia. Current status: Synonym of Ctenolucius hujeta (Valenciennes, 1850). Ctenoluciidae. Habitat: freshwater