Fundamental Physics — Heisenberg and Beyond

Werner Heisenberg Centennial Symposium “Developments in Modern Physics”

Bearbeitet von Gerd W. Buschhorn, Julius Wess

1. Auflage 2004. Buch. IX, 189 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 540 20201 1 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 1010 g

Weitere Fachgebiete > Physik, Astronomie > Quantenphysik > Atom- und Molekularphysik Zu Leseprobe

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Part I Commemorative Meeting

Address from the Japan Academy Saburo Nagakura ...... 3 Heisenberg und die Verantwortung des Forschers Reimar L¨ust ...... 5 1 Einleitung...... 5 2 Staatsb¨urgerundPatriot...... 6 3 WegbereiterderWissenschaftinDeutschland...... 8 4F¨ordererinternationalerZusammenarbeitinderWissenschaft..... 11 English translation: Heisenberg and the Scientist’s Responsibility ...... 15 Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976) Chen Ning Yang ...... 25

Part II Scientific Symposium

Welcome Address Julius Wess ...... 33 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty and Matter Wave Interferometry with Large Molecules Markus Arndt, Anton Zeilinger ...... 35 1 QuantumPhysicsattheMicroscopic/MesoscopicInterface...... 35 2 Heisenberg’sUncertaintyRelation...... 36 3 Young’sDouble/Multi-slitExperimentwithBuckyballs ...... 40 4 InterchangingtheRolesofLightandMatter...... 43 5 AScalableInterferometerforLargeMolecules...... 45 VIII Contents

6 Perspectives...... 49 References...... 50 The Stability of Matter and Quantum Electrodynamics Elliott H. Lieb ...... 53 1 Foreword...... 53 2 Introduction...... 54 3 NonrelativisticMatterWithouttheMagneticField...... 57 4 RelativisticKinematics(NoMagneticField)...... 60 5 InteractionofMatterwithClassicalMagneticFields...... 61 6 RelativityPlusMagneticFields...... 64 References...... 67 The Quantum Theory of Light and Matter – Mathematical Results J¨urg Fr¨ohlich ...... 69 1 Introduction...... 69 2 UltravioletRenormalizationofthe“StandardModel”...... 72 3 Stability of Matter [4] ...... 73 4 AtomicSpectra[5]...... 73 5 ScatteringTheory[6]...... 74 6 Return to Equilibrium, Thermal Ionization ...... 75 References...... 76 Four Big Questions with Pretty Good Answers Frank Wilczek ...... 79 1 WhatIstheOriginofMass?...... 79 2 WhyIsGravityFeeble?...... 86 3 AretheLawsofPhysicsUnique?...... 88 4 What Happens if You Keep Squeezing? ...... 93 References...... 97 Supersymmetry: the Next Spectroscopy Michael E. Peskin ...... 99 1 Introduction...... 99 2 TriumphsandProblemsoftheStandardModel...... 100 3 Supersymmetry...... 104 4 SupersymmetryastheSuccessortotheStandardModel...... 106 5 BeyondtheSupersymmetricStandardModel ...... 114 6 InterpretationoftheSUSY-BreakingParameters...... 116 7 MeasuringtheSuperspectrum...... 120 8 Conclusions...... 130 References...... 131 Contents IX

Neutrino Masses as a Probe of Grand Unification Guido Altarelli ...... 135 1 Introduction...... 135 2 NeutrinoMassesandLeptonNumberViolation...... 136 3 Four-NeutrinoModels...... 137 4 Three-NeutrinoModels ...... 139 5 SimpleExampleswithHorizontalAbelianCharges ...... 144 6 From Minimal to Realistic SUSY SU(5)...... 149 7 SU(5)UnificationinExtraDimensions...... 151 8 SO(10)Models...... 152 9 Conclusion ...... 153 References...... 154 M Theory: Uncertainty and Unification Joseph Polchinski ...... 157 1 Introduction...... 157 2 A Fundamental Length...... 158 3 Uncertainty...... 159 4 Nonlinearity...... 162 5 Observables ...... 164 6 OntoHeligoland...... 165 References...... 166 The Highest Energy Particles in Nature: What We Know and What the Future Holds Alan A. Watson ...... 167 1 Introduction...... 167 2 MeasurementofUHECR...... 168 3 The Energy Spectrum, Arrival Direction Distribution andMassofUHECRs...... 169 4 TheoreticalInterpretations ...... 174 5 DetectorsoftheFuture ...... 176 6 Conclusions...... 179 References...... 180

Part III Appendix

Biographical Notes on Werner Heisenberg Helmut Rechenberg ...... 183

List of Contributors ...... 189