Chamaedorea klotzschiana EN Taxonomic Authority: H.Wendl.  Global Assessment  Regional Assessment Region: Global  Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names Nunnezharia klotzsch (H.Wendl.) Kuntze. TEPEJILOTE Spanish; Castilian

Upper Level Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: LILIOPSIDA Order: Family: PALMAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name:  Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority:

General Information Distribution klotzschiana is endemic to Veracruz, Mexico.

Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 1250  Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: 710 Lower limit: 500  Antarctic Map Status: Depth  Australasian Upper limit:  Neotropical Lower limit:  Oceanian Depth Zones  Palearctic  Shallow photic  Bathyl  Hadal  Indomalayan  Photic  Abyssal  Nearctic Population Population size is not known.

Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology C. klotzschiana is a small, solitary stemmed palm that occurs in the rainforests of the Atlantic slope of Vercruz. It between October and June (Hodel 1992, Henderson Galeano & Bernal 1997).

System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative  Terrestrial  Freshwater  Nomadic  Congregatory/Dispersive  Is the a wild relative of a crop?  Marine  Migratory  Altitudinally migrant Life History

Age at Maturity Female: Units for Age: Male: Size at Maturity (in cm) Female: Male: Longevity: Units for Longevity: Averate Reproductive Age: Units for Reproductive Age: Maximum Size (in cm): Size at Birth (in cm): Gestation Time: Units for Gestation: Generation Length: Justification: Reproductive Periodicity: Average Annual Fecundity or Litter Size: Annual Rate of Population Increase: Annual Rate of Population Increase: Natural Mortality:

Growth From Definition Tree - size unknow Tree (any size), also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m)

Threats The moist forests of Vercruz have been subject to ongoing pressure from anthropogenic activities that have led to a considerable reduction in forest area. Forest has been converted to various other land classes such as urban settlements, mixed agriculture, plantations, grazing lands and land left as fallow. In a recent study looking at the region from Xalapa south to Orizaba and Cordoba, estimates suggest as much as 107,495 hectares have been deforested in the period from 1979 to 2002, equivalent to 25% loss of forest (Dalrymple 2006). Taking into account forest re-growth the figure is reduced to 22% (Dalrymple 2006). An additional threat specifically for C. klotzschiana is from over-collection for horticultural and florist trade. cutting and seed collections of Chamaedorea from the wild are particularly common in Mexico (Johnson 2010). Johnson (2010) notes that Chamaedorea palms are particularly susceptible to disturbance and destruction of their habitat.

Past Present Future 1 Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced)  1.1 Agriculture  1.1.2 Wood plantations  1.1.2.2 Large-scale  1.1.4 Livestock  1.1.4.3 Agro-industry  1.4 Infrastructure development  1.4.2 Human settlement  Conservation Measures Within the range of this species there are several small parks around the town of Xalapa where this palm may occur, although it is not certain to what extent these parks offer protection for this palm. The nearest national park is Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, although no specimens of this palm are known to have been reported there. It receives no formal protection, is not listed on CITES and no ex-situ collections (e.g. for seed banks) are known to have been made, although it does occur in cultivation in many places. In previous conservation assessments C. klotzschiana has been listed as highly endangered (Johnson 1996) and Rare (IUCN 1997).

In Place Needed 3 Research actions  3.2 Population numbers and range  3.6 Uses and harvest levels  3.9 Trends/Monitoring  4 Habitat and site-based actions  4.4 Protected areas  5 Species-based actions  5.3 Sustainable use  5.3.1 Harvest management  5.3.2 Trade management  5.7 Ex situ conservation actions  5.7.1 Captive breeding/Artificial propagation  5.7.2 Genome resource bank 

Countries of Occurrence

PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly ExtinctPresence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Mexico    Veracruz   

General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 1 Forest 1UnsetSuitable 1.9 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane1Unset Suitable

Ecosystem Services  Insufficient Information available  Species provides no ecosystem services

Species Utilisation  Species is not utilised at all

Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 13. Pets/display animals, horticulture  A desireable plant for horticulture and florist trade (Johnson 2010)

Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed

IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment:(using 2001 IUCN system) Endangered (EN)

Red List Criteria: B1ab(i,iii) Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct?  Possibly Extinct Candidate?  Rationale for the Red List Assessment C. klotzschiana has a restricted range and considering the ongoing loss of forest habitat in the region is considered to occur in a single location. The Veracruz forests are under considerable pressure and species in the Chamaedorea are particularly vulnerable to habitat disturbance. Very little protection is offered in the region and an additional threat to this species is collection for the horticulture and florist trade. Further surveys in the region are needed to establish population size and extent and ex situ measures such as seed storage is encouraged. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment:  Genuine Change  Nongenuine Change  No Change  Genuine (recent)  New information  Taxonomy  Same category  Genuine (since first assessment)  Knowledge of Criteria  Criteria Revisio and criteria  Incorrect data used  Other  Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Decreasing Date of Assessment: 20/04/2009 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Loftus, C. Evaluator(s): Notes:

% population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: 1 Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals:

Bibliography Dalrymple, M., 2006, Deforestation and Land-Use Change in Veracruz, Mexico: A Remote Sensing Analysis, , University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations., New Orleans Henderson, A., Galeano, G., Bernal, R., 1997, Field guide to the Palms of the Americas, , , Hodel, D.R., 1992, Chamaedorea palms : the species and their cultivation / text and photographs, , Lawrence, Kansas : International Palm Society, 1992., Johnson, D.V., 2010, Non-wood forest products - Tropical palms, 2010 revision, , FAO, Johnson, D.V., IUCN/SSC Palm Specialist Group, 1996, Palms, Their Conservation and Sustained Utilization, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Species Survival Commission, IUCN/SSC Palm Specialist Group, , , Walter, K.S. and H.J. Gillett, 1998, 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened , WCMC/IUCN, , IUCN,