BUDDLE PLACE-BOOK – 13 June 1837 to 23 Nov. 1837 Bud-48-7 1837 1 London June 13th. Tuesday Called upon Lord Londonderry Great N. this morng. to discuss the proposed compulsory Clause of England in the Great N. of England Railway Bill – from the Railway Tees to York – to compel the Co. to finish the Line thro’ the Co. of Durham, simultaneously with the Line from the Tees to York. Lord L. drove me to the Ho. of Lords in his Cab, when after some discussion, with Messrs. Hewburn & Smith on the part Lord of the Co. and Lords Londonderry & Ravensworth Londonderry It was agreed that a Clause Should be inserted in the Bill for Yorkshire to make it compulsory on the Co. to finish the Viaduct at Shincliffe in 4 years from the passing of the Act, and the Branch to Durham to be finished at the Same time as the Branch to York – which time Shall not exceed Five years. Had a conversation at the travellers’ Club Rxx Mr. Ho. with Mr. Mc. Donnell on the mode of pmt. Mc. Donnell of the £2000 to Banks’ Exrs. & the £2000 to Mr. Bowdler [Followed by about 2 Lines of Coded Text]

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Went thro’ Newgate with the Principal Turn- Newgate. Key – The Prisoners are classed, and the cells on 1837 2. very clean and well Aired. All the Prisoners [@] Under Sentence of death are in Solitary Cells Dined with Donkins’ Party at Wood’s Hotel present Donkins Messrs. Watson & Hill, Barristers Dinner Party [W] anneston & Pringle Solicitors Bailey, the Sculpture Ramsay Painter Bennett Solicitor B. Johnson Beaumonts Lead Agent Th. Sopwith Surveyor June 14th. Wed Breakfasted with Sr. James Sr. Jas. Duke Duke at the Sessions Ho. Old Bailey. the City Judges Sergt. Arrabon & Common Sergent Major. Alderman Birch, and others breakfasted with us. Went into Court and heard Some Prisoners tried. Geological Dined by Bucklands’ invitation with the Club Geological Club, at the Crown & Anchor. Profes- sor Whewell in the Chair, Jno. Taylor Vice. Requested Mr. Murchison to put my name down as a Subscriber to his New Work on Geology. Attended the meeting of the Geo. Society in the Eveng. Professor Whewell 1837 3. the President in the Chair. A Paper by Messrs. Murchison & Sedgewick, was read by the latter, on a Culmniferous deposit which they had found in the Silurian Formation of Wales and Devonshire which they took to be analogous to, or rather identical with the Carboniferous Formation Messrs. Budd This Messrs. De-la-B[ue]ch & Greenhow, doubted and Hayes and would not allow this to be any discovery Mr. at all, they Contended that it was merely a division of the transition Grewacke. A long discussion ensued and there was Some good Speaking by Messrs. De-la Beech Greenhow D Murchison, Dr. Fetter & Professor Sedgewick. This was the last meeting of the Session. The next meeting to be holden on the 1st. Octr. Mr. J. June 15th. Thursday Accompanied Mr. J. Gregson Gregson to Mr. Mc. Donnell s Hotel 42 Lower Brook St. Mr. Mc. - discussed the Arrangt. For Mr. Mc. D_’d taking Donnell Ld._’s Share of N. Hetton Colly. The Agrnt. for with the Sunderland & Durham Railway Co. for leading Ld. L_’s Coals & the application to the D. & Chapter for the renewal of the Pittington Colliery Lease. Looked into the Central Court, to See some 1837 4. Causes tried. Called at Duke & Hells office The Ship to inquire after the Jno. Buddle & found Jno. Buddle the Ship had arrived leaky at Gravesend. Went upon the top of the Monument Monument and had a fine View of the River City and adjacent Counties. Started by the mail for Newcastle with Messrs. Donkin & Sopwith, from the Bull and Moth at ¼ to Eight P.M. June 17th. Sa. Arrived at Newcastle at ¼ Past two this morning. Committee Attended a Coal-trade Commee. meeting, when Meeting the Haswell Co’s. Right to request a fresh re- ference was recognised, but it was thought best to try negotiation in the first place. June 18th. Sunday Dined with Mr. Easterby Holywell Colly June 19th. Monday Viewed Holywell Colliery. into Clennell’s Coal on The Outstroke Drifts ^ thro’ the Barrier, and the holing round will be finished in a Week. Percy-main At Percy-main & So. Shields. At Backworth the Sinking Pit is 6 Faths. below the Bensham in a Soft Metal Stone which wont Stand without Walling. June 20th. Tuesday Went to Pensher with [N]. 1837 5. Hindhaugh this morning, and Spent the day there. N. Hetton June 21st. Wed. Attended the N. Hetton Colly. Board Board, present Messrs. Morton, Wood, Hunter Death of and Spencer. Recd. the news of the death of King Wm. IV. the King June 22d. Thursday At Seaham Harbour – are Seaham laying the Foundation of the Jamb of the W. Spur Harbour Pier, in the So. Harbour. Are laying building the Walls of the N. Division of the Staith. Scoured the Channel by opening the Sluices in the Dock Gates, and running out 2½ Ft. of Water Queen June 23d. Friday Returned to Walls-end, in Victoria Passing through Newcastle witnessed the Proclaimed Ceremoney of the Proclaiming the Queen Victoria Returned to Newcastle in the Eveng. which I Spent at Mr. Rankins’. Coal-trade June 24th. Satdy. At Newcastle Attended a Committee C.T. Committee – dined at Donkins – home Eveng. Meeting Miss. Mc. Intyre with us. June 25th. Sunday at Home June 26th. Monday At Tanfield-moor, and Met W.F. Taylor, at Anfield to endeavour to Settle the Rate of tentale on the Small Coals but could not agree on the Subject 1837 6. Went from Anfield to Greenside in the Afternoon. Drank Tea with Mrs. Storey at Hooker-gate Hooker-gate in Passing. Misses Mary & Georgina Rankin Mr. Ths. Mrs. & Miss Greenhoe and my sister there. Slept at Jas.Hall’s Greenside. Stella June 27th. Tuesday Met Mr. Potter at Freehold Coal Stella – Set out the Site for Winning the Stella Freehold Coal – near to Melner’s Forge on the W. Side of Blaydon Burn Benwell Met Mr. Surtees at Benwell Colliery Stautons with Dobson the Architect to inspect the New House Plans of Stautons New House. June 28th. Wed At home Percy-main June 29th. Thursday Viewed the Bensham Seam Colliery Percy Pit. Complaints being made of the View of Coals working Small, tried the effect of works Bensham by blasting the top Coal, without micking the Seam Nooks, with micking both Nooks & with micking only one Nook. I could not however arrive at any very Satisfactory conclusion. In the Wide Boards, Shooting, without micking the

1837 7 Nooks Seemed to answer best. But in the Nar- row Places, Micking one Nook, and putting a Shat in the other appeared to make the best Coals. No Separation is made in working the Seam except Kerving out the Splint and Casting it back for which the men are paid allowed 3 Coves to the Score at the regular hewing Price of 5/ 3 P.xx . The only chance there is of Stimulating the men to make a great proportion or Round, is to put them on by Separation. It may be assumed that ⅓d. of Small including the Splint will be made in working the Coal. Assuming that a good average Man will hew 18 Corves P. day, 12 will be Round & 6 Small then 12 at 6/ 9 P. xx . £0..4.0.6 6 at 2/ 3 0..0.8.1 0..4.8.7 say 4 / 8 ¾ P. Day. To work by Weight, the Score to be 6 Tons then 2/3 = 1s..1.5d P. Ten for Round 6 and 2/3 = 4.5 P. Ten for Small 6 d Equal to 4.05 P. Corf for the Round and 1.305 ditto for the Small. 1837 8. Coal-trade June 30th. Friday Attended a Coal-trade Committee Committee Meeting. W. Towneley Basis was Meeting fixed at 18 m. or 48000Tons. W. Towneley The Haswell Co. claimed to have So. Basis Hetton & themselves put upon a Basis equal Settled. to one of the 3 larger Colls. That is to say 138 which wd. give them each 69. The Commee. to consider the Subject, and make them an offer, when if they cannot agree the matter will have to go to reference. 20 P. m . issued for the 1st. – 15 days of July. July 1st. Saturday Had a meeting with Outstroke Messrs. H. Taylor & N. Wood on the Subject Mr. Clennell of the Rate of Outstroke to be paid to Mr. Clennell, by the new Co. for working Mr. Bates’ Coal. Mr. Wood asked 2/ 6 for one of the privileges 5/- for all, and 4/- P. ten if two only were exercised. Mr. Taylor and I paused upon this & will take Some time to consider it. Dined with Donkin at Jesmond, Present Messrs. Phillipson, Nechel, Sewell, Armstrong & Dr. White 1837 9. July 2d. Sunday At home – dined with Mr. Easterby Holywell July 3d. Monday Viewed the Outstroke Workings Colly. from Holywell Colly. into Clennell’s Coal. The Clennell’s Cross-cut, or incline Drifts are advance 43 yds. Coal beyond the 20yd. Barrier, into Clennel – i.e 63 yds. in all. The Seam has turned much flatter, but it is infested with Balks, and the Coal is tender and coarse, which may probably be caused by the Balks. The Seam is quite dry. Backworth Viewed the new Rolly-way Crosscuts to the N.W. Colliery in Backworth. The Close (Stone) Drift) is now 80 yards in and has between 60 & 70 more to go to cut the Dyke. The Sinking Pit has passed thro’ a thin dirty 5 Sinking Seam of Coal Supposed to be the /4, and may Pit be 8 or 9 Fathoms from the Low-main. Sinking in a very hard post at Present. F Pit At the F Pit Walls-end, which is now ridded Walls-end out to the Metal Coal & the walling finished Sinking nearly to the Main Coal. Geo. Smith & Prs. have taken the Sinking of the Shaft to the yd. Coal at £5..10..0 P. Fath. to find Gunpowder and Candles & to put in the Brattice, but not 1837 10. find Waiters on, nor Gin-drivers, and to be paid extra where the Pit is to be laid out for Walling. Inside Diam. of the Shaft in the Clear to be Went to Pensher in the Afternoon. July 4th. Tuesday Spent the greater part of the day in estimating the value of the Coal in the Herrington & that Part of the B[onent]s’ Estate to the Marq. of Londonderry. Inspected the Works at the Junction Junction Railway Bridge, over the Wear. all Bridge the Pillars are up to the Springing of the Arches. The The Centering of the So. Side large Land Arch is finished & part of the Pen Stones of the Arch laid. The Centering of the Main Arch is about three fourths done and part of the Arch on the So. Side built Killed July 5th. Wed. Geo. Smith Juns. and Jos. Roseby, Sinkers Killed at the F Pit Walls- end this morng. They were coming to 1837 11 bank in the Corf & Geo. Giles on the top, and 3 men were going down against them it being Changing time. When they were at bank all but the last time Round of the Gin, the Rope “topped or Slipped off the Gin, and the jirk threw them out of the Corf. Giles Kept his hold, but Smith & Roseby fell to the bottom about 100 Faths. but fortunately missed the 3 men, on the other Rope near the bottom, in their fall. Lumley Messrs. Morton & Crawford waited upon me Colly. at Pensher this Morng. when I got the Agreet. for letting Lumley Colly. to the Fatfield Lesses finally Settled Seaham July 6th. Thursday At Seaham Harbour Harbr. Mr. Liddell was there, in the morning Can- Mr. Liddell vassing the Freeholders for the County and Mr. Trevor Mr. Trevor was there in the Evening Can- vasing the Freemen for the City of Durham My new Ship the John Buddle came into the Harbour in the Evening from its First Voyage to London. The Leak was 1837 12. discovered to have been occasioned by 3 open The New Bold-holes in the flat of the Bottom. They Ship were merely bored theo’ the Planks, between Jno. Buddle the Timbers. It is impossible to accopunt for those holes being there, and a Suspicion is entertained that they must have been bored with malicious intent. The Captn. Wm. Spence is very much Satisfied with the Vessel – it is very handy and Sails well, and came down with 35 tons of Ballast this is however, decidedly too little except in very fine Weather, as it only put the Vessel down to 6½ Ft. Water The Ship was immediately put under the Spout to load and will go to Sea again by 6 or 7 o ‘ clock in the morning. Are getting very well on with the building of the W. Spur in the South Harbour. July 7th. Friday Went to Walls-end in the Afternoon, and at Newcastle in the Evening July 8th. Saturday At Newcastle, attended 1837 13. Committee Commee. Meetg. A Special Comm. of Inquiry ap- meeting pointed to inquire into the Haswell & So. Hetton Claims. Home in the Evening July 9th. Sunday At home – Called on Mr. Easterby in the Evening. Widow Thompsons’ Boy had his Arm So Killed much crushed by the Counterbalance Waggon at the W.End Pit, that it was obliged to be taken out of the Socket at the Shoulder, but Lord he died Soon after the operation. Seaham July 10th. Monday Went to Seaham to meet Mr. Mc. Donnell – Lord Seaham & his tutor Mr. Mr. Mc. Balstrone there. Discussed Lord Londonderry’s Donnell Affairs with Mr. Mc. Donnell. A Sailor Killed at the Harbour (Seaham) Killed by the Waggons running over him, on the Staith. Pitman, Killed himself by jump- ing down the Buddle Pit, at N. Pittington Colly. He had lost his Money at a Pigeon Match and in a fit drunkeness and vexation jumped down the Pit. July 11th. Tuesday At Seaham Harbour with Mr. Mc. Donnell – then came round to

1837 14. Walls-end by Pensher July 12th. Wed. Viewed the Beaumont Pit Benwell Benwell Colliery Two Putter-lads burn yester- Burnt day while filling their Couls in the Face of the Boards, when the Pit was nearly done. They were in Separate Boards and in Separate Ways, and were both burnt within half an hour These Fires were occasioned by Blowers in the thill & the Boys taking their Candles amongst the loose Coals. Percy-main July 13th. Thursday Viewed the Percy Pit Main- Coal, and found every thing in a very Satis- factory State. The Bensham Men Refuse to work by Separation, and are lying idle. Meeting with July 14th. Friday Met Messrs. Th. & Hugh Messrs. T. & H. Taylor at Holywell Colly. Office to investi- Taylor relative gate the Circumstances of the New Colliery to the mode to be established in Messrs. Clennell & Bates’ of Winning Royalties. It Seems the exploring Outstroke New Holywell Drifts out of Holywell Colly. into Clennells’ Colliery Coal, will be through it, to Bates’ Boundary in 7 or 8 Weeks – We therefore thought it 1837 15 best to defer deciding on the mode of winning and working those Coals until the exploring Drifts have reached Bates’ Boundary to the E. as well as the Earsdon Boundary to the South. At Backworth, where they have got a 2 Ft. Seam of Backworth Coal in the Sinking Pit. This Seam has Some of Seam of Coal the Fractures of the Low-main, but is not at the got in the Proper depth from the High-main only 55 Fms. I Sinking Pit therefore, fixed with Mr. Taylor to bore down in Search of the Low-main July 15th. Saturday At Newcastle – Attended a Committe Coal-trade Committee Meeting. Met Mr. Meetg. Mc. Donnell at the Queens’ -head, on Lord Mr. Mc. Londonderry’s business – home in the Evening Donnell July 16th. Friday At Home – Attended Mr. Mr. Ch. Ch. Jackson’s (late Clerk at Walls-end Colliery) Jackson’s Funeral, at Walls-end Church. He died on Funeral the 14th. Inst. in the 60th. Year of his Age July 17th. Monday Went to Pensher by Shields and Hylton Ferry. July 18th. Tuesday Met Mr. Mc. Donnell at Pensher Lady Lady Williamson and her two Sons Hedworth Williamson and William came to Pensher to see the Junctn. Bridge. I Accompanied Mr. Mc. Donnell and 1837 16. Her Ladyship to Low Lambton to See the Bridge Spent the day with Mr. Mc. Donnell, on the business of Lord L_’s Concerns N. Hetton July 19th. Wed. Attended the N. Hetton Colliery Colly. Board. Board. July 20th. Thursday Spent the day at Rainton and Pittington Collieries, on the affairs of those Concerns. July 21st. Friday Went from Pensher to Walls- endin the Morng. and returned to Newcastle in the Evening. Spent the Evening at Newcastle. July 22d. Satdy. At Newcastle – home in Horse Artil- the Evening. A detachment of the Horse lery. Artillery under the Command of Mr. C[ockham] came to W.End to remain during the Election Mr. Easterby July 23d. Sunday Dined with Mr. Easterby, Messrs. Nicholson & De Carle – Messrs. Mackieth and Garvin of the Party. Holywell July 24th. Monday Viewed Holywell Colliery Colliery The Incline exploring Drifts in Clennell on 120 Yards in, and there are 8 Boards turned. The Seams rises at the rate of better than 4 In. P. Yard – a dip of Seam, or a downcast Trouble 1837 17 must therefore, be near, as there cannot be more than’ 40 Faths. of Cover on, in in the Face of the Headways -(Incline Drifts The Coal is not very good At Backworth, the Boring in the B Pits is Backworth now 20 Faths. below the 2 Feet Seam, without having met with any other Seam. The Boring must be continued ‘till another Seam is met with July 25th. Tuesday Went to Seaham Hall to meet Ld. Londonderry, who Summoned All the Agents Over- men &c. and principal tenants, to meet him there at 2 o ‘ Clock. His Ldp. had come direct from London, in consequence of a pressing Letter from Mr. Liddell, who deems Lord L_’s presence in the County of vital importance to the Success of his Election. His Ldp. addressed the Parties (about 25 in No.) at considerable length. Stating the great importance to the Conservative Cause of Supporting Mr. Liddell, Condemned the conduct of the Ministry and blamed Lord Durham for bringing Sr. Wm. Clayton forward to oppose Mr. Liddell. Con- sidered it as an act of personal hostility to

1837 18 himself and family, and implored the Parties Present to exert themselves, Night and day to procure Mr. Liddells’ return, as if they Should Fail in this, Lady Londonderry & himself had made up their Minds never to Set foot in the County of Durham again. I Slept at the Hall. Newcastle In passing thro’ Newcastle I voted for Election Messrs. Ord & Bigge – there were 5 Candidates viz 2 Wigs, 2 Tories and a Radical. At the close of the Poll the numbers Stood as follows Wigs Mr. Ord 1792 Bigge 1187 Tories Hodgeson Hinde 1699 Coulson 1126 Radical Beaumont 280 No. Shields July 26th. Wed. Went from Pensher by New- Election castle & Walls-end, to North Shields, and voted for Sir Charles Ed. Grey. At the Close of the Poll the Numbers were for Young 268 for Grey 253 Majority. 15. 1837 19 Returned to Pensher in the Evening. July 27th. Thursday. Went to Durham to the Durham Election with the Cavalcade of Freemen from City Lord Londonderry’s Collieries. Met Lord Seaham Election at the head of Gilley-gate, and proceeded in grand procession to the Rose & Crown Inn - The following immediately Commenced at 8 o ‘ Clock and at the close the Numbers were for Trevor 466. Harland 373, Granger 371, Sunderland At the close of the Sunderland Election yesterday Election the Numbers were for Thompson 688, White 629 Berclay 590. July 28th. Friday Went to Newcastle with Mr. Easterby Audited the Tanfield-moor Colly Accots. for 1836 Spent the Evening at Mrs. Rankin’s. Stella July 29th. Saturday. At Newcastle. Took Messrs. Donkin Grand & Clayton’s opinion as to the expediency of working a Lease Certain Small tract of the Stella Grand Lease Coal, by the W. Townley Pit. They advised that we might do So and lodge the Amot. of the tentale at the rate to be paid by Mr. Potter, to be paid into Some Bank in the name of Trustees to be named. No notice to be given to the G.L. Lesses for present. July 30th. Sunday At home July 31st. Monday At Holywell Colliery – The

1837 20. exploring Drifts in Clennell’s Royalty are still rising, and the Coal is very indif- ferent. Backworth Down Backworth Sinking Pit. The Exploring Bore-hole is now 24 Faths. down below Drift in the 2 Ft. Seam, without having met with Low-main another Seam. The 2 Ft. Seam has been Seam driffed into 6 yards N. 6. E. to the full Rise of Colliery. But So far it is quite flat A change of fracture has taken place in the Seam in this Short distance – 2 [ ] Band has put in at the bottom, and the Thill has passed into a Corse & Foul Coal. The Main Brattice is 8 Fms. back I therefore Ordered a temporary [quartor] Brattice to be carried down to the Seam, to ventilate the exploring drift, as there is a little in- flammable Air in the Seam. And then the drift may be continued as far as may be deemed expedient There is now no doubt of this being the Low-main Seam 1837 21 July 31st. Went to Pensher in the Afternoon Augt. 1st. Tuesday occupied all day at Pensher in examining the Colly. Fortt. Bills &c. Augt. 2d. Wed. Went to Anfield to breakfast, Lanchester and viewed the So. Pit Lanchester Common. Common Called at Tanfield-moor, and gave directions for making a Water-course to drain the S.E. Tanfield- workings of Willie Pit. For driving the moor Rolly-way Stone Drift at the bottom of this Pit and for Setting away the Outstroke drifts into Bushblades from the Conquest Pit workings in the Brass-thill Seam. Returned to Pensher Storm of in the Afternoon. A very heavy fall of Rain Rain. during the greater part of the day, with a Strong Wind from the So. E. Great injury done to the Hay and Standing Corn. Augt. 3d. Thursday Attended the nomination of the Durham Candidates, Messrs. Lambton, Liddell & Claytor, for County Ectn. the Northern Division of the County, at Durham. The shew of hands was declared to be in favour of Lambton & Liddell. An immense Number of Lord Londonderry’s and the Lambton Pitmen at- tended, but every thing passed off quietly. Storm A heavy Thunder Storm with torrents of Rain 1837 22. Occurred in the afternoon. The lightning Struck a Coach-house adjoining the Yard of the Water- loo Inn, and Shattered the building a little, breaking the door-frame, and door, but no person was injured * Lord London- Augt. 4th. Friday Met Lord Londonderry at derry at Seaham Harbour, and exd. the Works with Seaham Har. his Lordship, we dined with Spence at Seaton, and Slept at Seaham Hall. The Ship Augt. 5th. Satdy The John Buddle loaded Edn Jno. Buddle Main & Sailed for Portsmouth this Morng. I went to Newcastle to breakfast this morng. * Recd. a Letter from Williamson Workington Piele to inform me of the Accident at Workington Colliery Colliery. The Sea broke into the Workings of Drowned the Main Band, about 10 o ‘ Clock last Friday up. Evening the July 28th., with Such violence that it filled all the Workings, and the water rose to the level of the Sea in the Course of two Hours. 25 Men & 2 Boys were drowned with 28 Horses. Men & Boys escaped at the Union Pit Bear-mouth. It is Supposed that the Sea broke down into So. W. Workings 1837 23 of the Union Pit, which were carried under the Sea, and working within 14 or 15 Fathoms of the bottom. No positive evidence had however been gained on this point when Williamson wrote me. His object was to en- quire if I could give any information relative to the object of Sinking the Buddle Pit. Augt. 5th. Attended a C.T. Committee Meeting – 30 P.m . was issued for the 1st. - 15 day of Augt. A Deputation of the Killingworth Pitmen [wrote] Killingworth upon me, to request me to be their Referee Colliery in a dispute with the Viewer, about the Suf- ficiency of the Standing Lights in the tram-way the No. of which Mr. Armstrong the Viewer had Reduced. I consented to undertake the business and appointed to be at the Pit at 5 o ‘ Clock next Monday Morning. Dined with Donkin at Jesmond. Augt. 6th. Sunday At home all day. Looked over my View Notes of Workington Colliery, and made Such extracts for Williamson Piele as I thought might be useful, on the Present unfortunate

1837 24. Occasion. It appears to me that the Colliery is completely lost and ruined. The only chance of any thing like a Restoration Seems to be by a fresh winning of the lower Seams, by the Buddle Pit. On the W. Side of the 50 Faths. dyke Augt. 6th. Mr. Wm. Armstrong the Killingworth Viewer called upon me this Eveng. to explain the Mr. Armstrong nature of the dispute with the Pitmen – he Said Mr. Clark of Walker would meet me in the Morng. at the Colliery as his Referee. Augt. 7th. Monday Met Mr. Clark at the Killingworth W. Moor Pit, this morning, And went down Colliery the Pit, into the Main Coal Workings to Reference investigate the nature & merits of the dispute Case between the Putters and Mr. Armstrong. Found it to be a very frivilous affair Mr. A. had removed 2 Lamps out of the Tram- way, which he thought unnecessary – the Putters objected to their removal, and had bin idle all the last Week, in Consequence. On a Full consideration of the matter we decided 1837. 25 in favour of the Putters, but recommended that they Shd. take ½ P. Score all through the Colly. and find their own lights The Killingworth, or W.moor Pit is 13Ft. Diam and divided into 4 equal divisions to the High- main Seam 116 Faths. - 3 Coul and one Engine Shaft. The Pit is Sunk about 60 Faths. below the Main Coal, and divided by Cast Iron Brattice into two Shafts. A horizontal Stone Drift is driven from the bottom, to cut the Seam to the dip next the West, or Gosforth Boundary. The Seam, at the 116 Fa. level, rises to the E. in that part of the workings where we were, at the rate of from 5 to 7 Inches to the yard. The seam is better than 6 Ft. thick, without any Band, but there is a bottom Coal of 8 In. thick of course Coal, which is K[erved] in, and about 8 In. next the top is rather corser than the rest of the Seam, but vends as best Coal. A Strong Post Roof. Benwell Augt. 8th. Tuesday At Benwell Colly. met Mr. Colliery Surtees there. 1837 26. Augt. 9th. Wed. Went to Pensher Augt. 10th. Thursday Went to Durham to attend Durham the chairing of Messrs. Lambton and Liddell County An immense Concourse of people attended Lady Election Londonderry with Lords Seaham and Adolphus, and Lady Frames attended the proceedings After the chairing Mr. Liddell, Mr. Trevor, Mr. Johnsen Lord Seaham & J. Jos. Wright Spoke All the Speeches were of an excitting nature In what they termed a great victory over the Wigs – and Mr. Trevor indulged in very abusive language against Lord Durham and the Ministers. The Numbers at the Close of the Poll were for Lambton 2357 Liddell 2324 Claytor 2064 The Ship Augt. 11th. Friday At Seaham Harbour, where Mr. Glenarm Castle Mc. Donnell’s New Ship the Glenarm Castle, built at Stockton is loading Walls-end Coals. It’s 21 a very nice looking Vessel and Measures 217 /99 Tons Waited upon Lord & Lady Londonderry. & made an apology for not dining with the 1837 27 Agents &c. at the Hall. The whole of the Agents Clerks, Overmen &c. to the No. of 35 were invited to receive Ld. & Lady L_’s thanks for their excert[ions] in promoting Mr. Liddells’ return to Parliament But as I found that Mr. Liddell with his Brother &c. were to be there, I thought it most prudent not to be of the Party, as I could not approve of their politics Returned by Pensher to Newcastle. Mr. T. Taylor’s Augt. 12th. Satdy. At Newcastle. Mr. Th. Taylor Cramlington informed me of his intention to let his Cramlington Coal. Coal, and to give the Backworth Co. the refusal of it. He referred me to Mr. Lamb. I agreed with Mr. L. that I wd. investigate the business and advise the Co. thereon. Dined with Sopwith & met Dr. Smith there. Dr. Smith Dr. Smith first originated the idea & Constructed a Geological Map of England, and is called the Father of English Geologists – he commenced Geoy. in England contemporaneously with the celebrated Wener in Germany. He is a Respectable and intelligent old Gentleman, and an enthusiastic Geologist. Augt. 13th. Sunday At home all Morng. went to Pensher in the Evening

1837 28 Lord Augt. 14th. Monday Lord Londonderry, with Lords Londonderry Seaham & Adolphus breakfasted with me at Seaham and Pensher this morng. They walked down by the Adolphus Witfield Pit to See the Junction Bridge, and Returned to Seaham to dinner. I went to Walls-end in the Evening. Holywell Augt. 15th. Tuesday Viewed Holywell Colly. - have got a down-cast trouble to the E. of 15 Feet in Clennells Royalty – ordered an exploring drift to be continued a few yards on the dip Side of it to see how the Seam lies before I decide the mode of Setting over it. Backworth Viewed the exploring Drift in the Low-main Seam B Pit Backworth – it is now 30 yards in from the Shaft to the Full Rise, but no alteration whatever has taken place in the Seam – there is barely 2 Ft. of the good Coal. The Bore-hole is 91 Fathoms below the high- mains Coal – in Strong Post. Went to Pensher in the Evening. Found that Lord Londonderry had ordered the Pittington Pits to be laid idle tomorrow and that Longstaff Should take the Pitmen 1837 29 To Durham in the morng. against 8 o ‘ Clock to County May. take possession of the Court House – prior to to Address the meeting being held, to move the address to the Queen the Queen. Augt. 16th. Wed. It having been fixed to hold the N. Hetton Colly. Board at Seaham Harbour to day. We met at Prossors for that purpose, & dined there – the following Parties were present N. Hetton Messrs. Morton, Donkin, Phillipson, Hunter Colliery Spence, Robinson, Appleby, Thorman & Self. Board Geo. Hunter did not Stay Dinner. The business of the Harbour is going on very well. The Lord Seaham is in the Harbr. Met Th. Nicholson Coming from Durham Address on my way home – he informed me that the to the Meeting at Durham, had gone off exceedingly Queen well. Lord Durham moved the Address and Lord Londonderry Seconded it. Augt. 17th. Thursday Went to Chester this Mg. Tannery to see the repairs going on at Mr. Robinsons’ Chester dwelling Ho. at the Tannery. The repairs estimated at £300 but I think they will cost more – he is to pay me Interest on the Sum expended. Gave him a Cheque for £100 on 1837 30. Augt. 17th. Accot. – 1st. Payment Lord Durham called upon me this Afternoon at Pensher, with Mr. Morton. His Lordship Lord was very Kind and Affable, and told me Durham how the business of the County meeting at Durham went off yesterday, and that he parted good friends with Lord Londonderry - they Shook hands at parting. British Augt. 18th. Friday Attended a meeting of the Association neighbouring Members of the British institution of Nat. History Society’s Rooms at Newcastle to elect, or rather to name a President & Officers for the next Annl. Meeting of the Association which is to be holden at Newcastle. Present The Revd. Jno. Hollingsworth Rector of Bolden in the Chair Professor Chevclier Durham College Professor Johnson Mr. Fox Mr. Adamson Mr. Hutton Mr. Finlay J.B. After much discussion it was resolved to invite Lord Durham to take the Office of President & in Case his Ldp. cannot Officiate, 1837 31 next the B_p of Durham & failing him Mr. Bigge Messrs. Hutton, Adamson & Professor Johnson, to be Secretaries. Mr. Charles Bigge to be Treasurer Wm. Clark, Hewer Killed this morng. at Benwell Killed Colly. by a fall of Stone in his Board, in the E. Way Beaumont Pit. Deputy & Jas. Davison, putter were in the place at the time. Was preparing to Set a prop under the Stone at the time when it fell – he was partially covered by it, and Severely crushed, and the boy Davison’s Foot was nearly severed from the leg. It took 3 hours to break the Stone by Wedges to extricate the Boys Foot, and Some time longer to get Clarks’ body which was crushed quite flat from under it. The Boy was Sent to the Infirmary where his leg was immediately amputated. Spent the Evening at Mr. MacKeiths’. Newcastle Augt. 19th. Saturday At Newcastle – Attended a C.T. Com- C.T. Commee. mittee Meeting – 35 P. m . issued for the last Fortt. of the Month, making 65 for the whole Mo. Messrs. Geo. Johnson & Jno. Jopling recd. their final instructions relative to the preparatory inquiries to enable the Committee to ne- gotiate with the Haswell & So. Hetton Co. Went to Seaham Harbour, by way of Sunderland 1837 32. in the Evening to join my Sister, who have taken Lodgings there for the benefit of the Sea Air & Baths. Seaham Augt. 20th. Sunday At Seaham Church – heard Harbour the Revd. Mr. Cresswell preach. Seventeen light Ships came into the Harbour in the Afternoon. 6 or 8 Small French Luggers were plying about the Roads fishing for Herrings Augt. 21st. Monday Went from Seaham to Stanhope Co. Walls-end. Called at the Stanhope and Tyne Railway Office at So. Shields, and had a dis- cussion with Messrs. Harrison & Marreeo, on the Affairs of Lanchester Common Colly. Called at Percy-main Colly. Percy-main Augt. 22d. Tuesday Viewed Bensham Seam Benwell Percy Pit this Morng. Went to Benwell met alteration of Mr. Moor Mr. Ords’ Stewart, and Hopper his Road to the Fishery tenant there, and agreed upon making Fishery. a Change in the Road from the Fishery to the Turnpike. A new Road to be made from Hoppers ho. thro’ my Field to the Turnpike And the old Road by the River-Side to be given up to me – this change will be mu- tually beneficial to Mr. Ords’ tenant & myself 1837 33 by giving him a better road, and giving me the entire and uninterrupted possession of the Water-Side. Medomsley Went into Medomsley & viewed the Colly in the Evening, and Slept at Anfield Augt. 23 Wed. Went from Anfield to Seaham Harbour. Called at Tanfield-moor, and Pensher, on my way. Mr. Easterby & Miss Lock at Seaham. Killed Maugham, Banksman, Killed at the new Winning at Kyoe, by one of the Pully- wheels falling upon him. They were lifting the Sinking Set of Pumps by Blocks attached to the Bryer of one of the Pulleys, the weight Sprung the Bryer outwards when the Pully Slipped out of its’ bed and fell forwards onto the Settleboards & Striking Maugham on the head killed him on the spot. If the Pulley had fallen into the Pit it would probably have killed 3 men who were on a Scaffold at the Bucket-doors Rolly-driver was Killed at Back- Killed worth Colly. by the Rollies running over him on the Inst. 1837 34 Augt. 19th. Sa. Mr. Th. Taylor Shewed me the Mr. Thos. plan of his Cramlington Estate, the Coal un- Taylor’s der which he wishes to let to the Backworth Co. Cramlington It contains 638 Acres – allowing for Burns Estate 18 – leaves 620 of workable Coal. Depth to Low-main Seam Supposed 70 Faths. 3 Miles of Railway will connect it with the Backworth Line. Will be about 8 Miles from Whitley Point. May be won for about £20,000 Augt. 26th. Satdy. Started for Started by the Mail this Eveng. from N. Castle London with Mr. Sopwith for London, on our way to the Forest of Dean. Augt. 27th. Sunday In Passing thro’ Askrigg Askrigg Spa. in Yorkshire tasted the Spa Water – it is a Weak Sulphur Water, and is Said to be ef- ficatious in the Cure of Rheumatic Complaints. The Crops of Corn quite Ripe, and about half cut. This is a very fine level Country aboudg. in Orchards with a few Crops of fruit of every Kind. It is in the great Plane of York. * Omitted Coal-trade Augt. 24th. Thursdy. Went from Seaham to Chester meeting to attend a Wear Coal-trade meeting. Belmount Belmount Colly Colliery to be viewed to enable the Commee. to decide as to whether it is in a proper State 1837 35. to be brot. into Regulation. Went to Walls- end in the Evening. Augt. 25th. Friday Spent the morng. in Packing up Dr. Hooker and prepairing for my Journey to the Forest of dean. At Newcastle in the Afternoon – attended Dr. Botanic Hooker’s Lecture on Botany in the Eveng. A Com- Garden mittee formed for the purpose of endeavouring to establish a botanical Garden at Newcastle. I was placed in the Chair on the Occasion. * Augt. 28th. Monday Arrived in London at 6 o ‘ Clock Arrived in this Morng. - had a narrow escape from being London overturned about 2 o ‘ Clock this morng. by the Mail running Foul of an 8 horse Waggon. Went to Pr- egorie’s hotel, in Rupert St. Coventry St. Office of Went to the Office of Woods with Mr. Sopwith Woods to See Mr. Milne, the acting Commissioner – to introduce Jno. Atkinson to him, but he was in the Country. Appointed to meet him Wed. morning. Called upon J. Gregson, Mr. Manall and Foord, but found none of them at home Called upon Harr[ie]t MacKrieth at the Shepherds 23 Smith Street Westminster. Dined with Mr. Cubitt 6. Great Geo. Street, Westminster Augt. 30th. Augt. 29th. Tuesday Breakfasted with Mr. Jas. Wed. Walker, Engineer, in Great Geo. Street, Westminster 1837 36. Augt. 29th. Found Miss W Dougle there, as Governess 30th. Wed. to Mr. Walker’s family. Called at the In- Ordinance stitutuion of Civil Engineers Canning Row & Survey of looked thro’ the Library – Saw a Copy of the Or- Ireland dinance Survey of Ireland projected on a Scale Augt. 29th. of 6 In. to a Mile – it is a well executed Map. Tuesday Called upon Mr. Foord at the General Ming. Mr. Blount Assn. Office No. 52 Old Broad St. and discussed various matters relative to the Asss. affairs with Genl. him. Met Mr. Blount by accident at the Office Mining and had Some conversion with him also on Association the Asss. affairs. He told me that the Assn. Con- templated the appointment of a resident Com- missioner to transact the Genl. business of the Association, in lieu of Mr. Cunard who Resides at Halifax, and transacts the business on Commi[ ] Augt. 30th. Wed. called upon Mr. Milne at Mr. Milne the Office of Woods, and introduced Jno. Atkinson Jno. Atkinson to him as deputy Gaveller for the Forest of Dean. Mr. Milne adopted the suggestion of Surveying a complete Set of Surveying & Mathematical Instruments Instruments being purchased for Atkinson’s use and Mr. Sopwith, and I went to Careys in the Strand & Purchased a Circumpherentor 1837 37 A complete Case of Instruments, with Parallel Ruler, Protractor & Surveying Chain. To the Amot. of Sixteen Guineas in all – the Accot. to be Sent to Mr. Milne, at the Office of Woods Gallery of Went to Gallery of Mechanical Science with Mechanical Messrs. Sopwith, Atkinson, and Oliver – [3] addi- Science tional Rooms have been added to the establishment with a Museum of Specimens in Nat. history, miniature working of Glass &c. which adds considerably to the interest of the exhibition. Left London Set out in the Bristol Mail at ¼ Past Eight this Evening for the Forest of Dean by way of Bristol & Monmouth, to Coleford. Journey Augt. 31st. Thursday Arrived at Bristol at 8 o ‘ Clock from this Mg. Called on R. Rawkin’s family at the Barton London to Went to Clifton – the works at the Suspension Bridge Coleford Seem to be at a Stand. It is Sd. the Contractor has run off with £3000 or £4000 of the Co’s money. Went into the Observatory & Saw the Cameraobscura – the best instrument of the kind I ever[y] Saw – the table is a Concave Corresponding with the Convex Curve of the Lens, which gives the true figures of the objects Returned in a Fly to the Bush Inn Bristol – Started on the Herriford Coach for Monmouth at 11 o ‘ Clock The distances are 12 miles from Bristol to the old Passage on the Severn. 2 miles across – 4 miles from 1837 38 the old Passage N. Side to Chepstow, and 16 miles Journey from Chepstow to Monmouth. From Monmouth from Posted 5½ miles to Coleford. Bristol to In travelling from Bristol to the old Passage Coleford the road rises and is very hilly for Several miles. At the Sign of the Black Horse Public house it begins to fall to the Severn. From this point there is an extensive, and beautiful view of the Country, for many miles on both Sides of the Severn. The Country between the Black Horse & the Passage, abounds in Orchards – the first fruit Trees are heavily loaden, and present a most beautiful appearance. We crossed in an open boat called a “Pembroke” a Sort of pinnace about 25 Ft. long & 6 broad with a Lug Sail, and two long Oars. There were 18 people in the Boat, including 3 Children From the landing place, which is a little to the Eastward of the mouth of the Wye – that River and the N. Shore of the Severn run nearly parallel forming a Sort of promontory or narrow Istmus. The Scenery of the Wye is very fine here, but becomes much more bold as you approach Chepstow, which you enter by a cir- curtous Road, which leads to a handsom Cast Iron Bridge of 5 Arches. Chepstow is a neat 1837 39 clean town, but is Steep and Sloping on the right bank of the Wye. A large old ruined Castle Stand sat the entrance of the Town, between road and the Journey from River, on the Steep, or perpendicular Rock forming the Bristol to bank of the river, the Castle-wall is placed, The Coleford Eastern gateway of the Castle is in a tolerable State of preservation – it is of Norman Architecture. A little further up the Wye, on the opposite Same Side is the beautiful mansion, and Park of Peirce-field, whose proprietor a Mr. Webb, it is Said has utterly ruined himself by living beyond his Income. The banks of the Wye, as you advance upwards on the road to Monmouth, became highly pictur- resque. Immediately on emerging from the grounds of Pierce-field, a Sort of Amphitheatre formed by the elevated & precipitous Rocky banks of the River opens to the view, and delights the eye with its’ extreme beauty. The Road leads you further on under the Stupendous Cliffs of the “Wind Cliff” This Cliff, like all the rocky banks of the Wye is formed of the Mountain Limestone. The trees are Seen everywhere, growing out of the fissures of the Rocks, the greater part of which are covered by the foliage. But the naked Rock is seen here and there exposed & overhanging, which gives an air of romantic grandeur to the Scene, of 1837 40 which nothing but the pencil of a Claude Lorain, a Rembrant, or a Titian could convey. Journey from The road lies along an escarpment of the Rock Bristol to which has been cut at a great expence, under Coleford the foot of the Crag, so as to reach the Side of the River, by a gentle descent. In Some parts of this Road, large fragments of the Rock Seem to be nearly detached from the face of the Crag, and ready to tumble – their aspect is very menacing to the travellers below. Further on on a platform, or Haugh, on the right bank of the river, is the fine old ruin of Tintern Abbey. This venerable Pile is in a State of great dilapidation, Still the walls are Standing tolerably firm above the height of the Windows, in the most of which the greater part of the mullions & tracery remain entire. It seems to be the gothic Architecture of the 13th. Century Its’ venerable Walls are Shrouded with Ivey. of this ruin is truly consonant with The locality of this Ruin is truly consonant with the nature of the edifice. The remainder of the Road to Monmouth is exceedingly picturesque but a heavy Rain with Thunder and lightning, altho’ it added to the grandeur of the Scenery, detracted Something 1837 41 from the pleasure of the journey. Mr. Sopwith & I arrived at Monmouth at 5 o ‘ Clock, dined there and reached Coleford at Seven in the Evening. Sep. 1st. ThursdayFriday Spent the day at Coleford in examining Forest of the Plans & Sections of the Collieries in the Forest- Dean &c. Mr. Matehin, Messrs. Peter & Moses Teague, Ben- nett & Several other free Miners called upon us. Sep. 2d. Saturday Viewed the Regulator, and High and Low Collieries belonging to Messrs. Jas. Bennett & Co. and the Tormentor Pit, belonging to Cowmeadow & prs. Sep. 3d. Sunday At Coleford Church. Mr. David Muschatt called upon us – a very wet day which confined us to the house. Sep. 4th. Monday Viewed The Park-end Colliery Sep. 5th. Tuesday Viewed Bilston Colliery Sep. 6th. Wed. Viewed Mr. Mushet’s Bislade Upper and lower Level. Investigated M. Thomas’ Valette Level Colly. Sep. 7th. Thursday Mr. Pethurst, Mr. Guests’ Mine Ag[ ] Mr. Th. Nicholson Mr. Protheroe’s Agent at Lidney & Mr. Trotter his Assistant with Mr. Goold the Colliery Mana- ger at Bilston breakfasted with us at Coleford – Spent the day in investigating the affairs of the Bilston & other Collieries in the Forest, and dined with 1837 42. Forest of Mr. David Mushet at Lambsque Dean Sep. 8th. Friday Rode thro’ Several of the Walks of the Forest – Went to Lydbrook, Strip & at it & through the Woods by Yew-tree Brake, to Ride thro’ Light-moor, Davids’ new Winning, Protheroe’s the Forest Fancy Winning, and back to Coleford thro’ the Forest, by Canhope Brook & Bixlade. In all from 16 to 20 Miles. The Scenery and views from many points in the Forest was most beautiful. Lydbrook is Situated in a deep narrow Valley with Rocky precipitous hills, Stud- ded with wood on each Side which gives a Highly picturesque & romantic aspect to the whole Scene. The Forest is thickly wooded in some parts with Trees of all Sorts – every hue and these Stand magnificent and venerable Oaks interspersed with underwood of Yews & Hollies giving to the whole a beautiful and interesting appearance. It is Somewhat Singular that in the whole of this ride thro’ the forest I did not See a Single Bird of any Kind, and only heard one which I could not make out by its’ cry. The Woodmen say there 1837 43 are very few Birds in the Forest – only a few Pheasants and the No. is diminishing, which they attributed to Ride thro’ the thickning of the Woods. There are a con- the Forest sierable number of Falla Deer, in the Staple Edge Hills division of the Forest. In Some parts the Fern grows to an extraordinatly Size under the trees – they are 6 and 8 feet high. and the branches 30 In. long. There is a fine view from the Barn-hill Lodge down the Cannop Vale, Park-end Church is Seen and part of the Severn, between Lidney & Bu[d]le Pill and the high land So. of the river forms the back-ground. The day was very fine ud. added greatly to the pleasure of the ride Sep. 9th. Saturday Messrs. Thomas Snr. & Junr. Breakfasted with us, and discussed the circumstances of the Colls. Spent the day in investigating the circumstances of Several of the Forest Collieries. Sep. 10th. Sunday Visited the Buckstone Hill, The Buckstone which is about two miles out of Coleford on Hill the Monmouth Road. This is the highest hill in the neighbourhood – probably 1000 Ft. above the Sea Level – it commands a very extensive view of the Surrounding Country, which from the 1837 44. great diversity of hill and dale, almost bor- dering on Mountain and valley, all thickly clothed with Wood, forms a most extensive and beautiful view of Sylvan Scenery Just below the apex of the hill on its N.W. Side is a remarkable fragment of Rock. Called the Buck Stone. This Stone is in Shape Something like an inverted cone – Standing upon its apex. It Stands upon the Sloping escarpment of the Rock on the declivity of the hill, and may be made to vibrate by pushing the hands against it. The amended Sketch shews the Shape of the Stone [Sketch of Buck Stone]

[Sketch of Buck Stone ]

1837 45. On the top of the hill, as Shewn in the Sketch is a large flat triangular Shaped Stone with a round hole in the middle of it, evidently dug out by art, but not thro’ the Stone – it may Probably have been a [dividual] Monument but I could not learn that there is any traditional amount of it. The hole was full of water from the rain which had [Diagram of Hole] fallen during the morng. The whole Hill Seems to be formed of the pudding Stone of the Country, which lies above the old Red Sandstone, and the Buck Stone, as well as this Triangular Stone, is formed of the Same material Plan of the top of the Buck Stone So. E View

[ Sketch of Buck Stone Hole ]

[Plan of the top of the Buck Stone, South East View ]

1837 46 Sep. 11th. Monday Set out on my return home from Coleford with Mr. Sopwith – went by Lyd- ney Bullo-pool, and Newnham, to Gloucester Went to the Basin at Lydney to see the mode of Shipping the Coals at the Wharf. The B[lak] and nubblins are partly handed in by Spouts called Shoots, and partly teemed in. The Coals which are deposited on the Wharf when there are no Vessels to receive them from the trams, are Lydney afterwards Shipped by Wheel Barrows.

[Diagram of Coal Shoots]

[Diagram of Coal Shoots for loading Boats ]

A winch is fixed on the Side of a frame which by winding a Chain over a Sheave tilts up the end of the tram to the Same Slope as the Shoot, when the Coals are either handed, or teemed into the Vessel. The Vessels used in this trade Seem well 1837 47 adapted to their business viz. A light draft of water for a heavy burden, and to Sail without Ballast. The one I Saw loading, measured 60 Register tons, but carried 90. It drew, only 7½ Ft. loaden & 4 light, and would, the Captain Said Sail in all weathers light without ballast It has 14 In. of Keel, and Bilge pieces, which makes it hold a good wind even when light. It is Ketch or Galliot rigged, and is Sailed by 3 men and a boy. The Captain Says it is a famous Sea Boat. At Bull Pill I was informed that some Vessels of Similar Construction carried 120 tons of Coals, and traded to Ireland, but they are generally employed in the Bridge Port trade The tide flows here from 5 Ft. as neap tides to 18 or 20 in Springs. Are much troubled with mud in the Canal or Basin which frequently requires Scouring by back-water. Proceeded to Bulls Pill where the Shipping Bulls Pill of Coals is conducted pretty much in the Same manner as at Lydney – only there are 7 Slip- ways forming inclined planes, down which the trams are lowered to the Vessels when they lie aground at low water. A roll is erected to draw 1837 48. Bullo Pill the empty trams up the Incline again A Spout is also erected by which Vessels are Loaden with a Screen under it to take out the dust from the Coals. Went on from Bullo Pill, to Newnham Mr. Protheroe where we dined, and then called upon Mr. Protheroe, on our way to Gloucester. Mr. Protheroe expressed an anxiety to have all the material previsions of the intended Bill for the better regulation of the mining Laws of the Forest Settled by the parties in- terested, before it comes before Parliament Proceeded to Gloucester, from whence I ar- rived at 6 o ‘ Clock P.M. Started from Gloucester by a New Coach – it’s first Journey called the Railway, and arrived at Bir- mingham at ½ Past 5 A.M. Birmingham Sep. 12th. Tuesday Started from Birmingham Railway at 7 o ‘ Clock this morng. by the 1st. Railway train for Liverpool when we arrived at ½ Past Eleven – the distance 97¾ miles. This Line was opened last July, and neither the Cuttings nor Embankments, are yet completely finished. The Coaches are fitted up in a 1837 49. comfortable manner, each person having a Sepa- rate Seat – 3 on each Side, So that each Coach carries 6, but they are double bodied – So that each 4 Wheeled Carriage carries 12 Passengers. The Railway passes thro’by Wolverhampton, Stafford Notwich and Warrington, at which places there are Stations where the trains Stop to take up Passengers & The Fare from Birmingham to Liverpool is £1..1..0. Sr. Jno. Sr. Jno. Beckett was a passenger in the Beckett Train – on his way to Whithaven to visit Lord Lonsdale. Attended the Geological, and Mechanical Sections of the British Association British but was rather late to both. Heard Dr. Association Lardner on Steam Boat Communications with America. At Theatre Eveng. Wm. Mc.Curdy Othello Sep. 13th. Wed. Attended the Mechanical Sectn. heard Dr. Lardner on Steam Navigation to New York Steam The Bristol Steam Ship now having her Engs. Navigation put into her in London – has 2 Engines each with a 73½ In. Cylinder, and a 7 Ft. Stroke Has 4 Boilers The Bristol but 3 only in use at the Same time – one being Steam Ship Cooling, cleaning, as repairing as may be necessary The Salt Saturated, Water is Regularly pumped out of the Boilers instead of being run off at intervals 1837 50. The Vessells tonnage is the Engine is 400 tons, Consumption of Coals 30 tons P. day – will carry 900 tons, or 30 day’s Consumption The average Speed assumed at 9 miles an Hour. Will reach New York in 15 days. Conductor Went to the Circus in the Evening to hear for preserving Mr. Harriss’ Lecture, on the protecting of Ships Ships from from Lightning, by Copper Conductors. Lightning These Conductors are made of Sheet Copper in narrow Plates which are joined in two Layers the one overlapping the other thus [Small Diagram]

[Diagram of Copper Lightning Conductor Plates]

Thus making a continuous rod, which is laid in a grove cut in the Mast, and carried down to a Copper Bolt, which passes thro’ the Keel of the Vessel, by which the Electric fluid is carried into the Sea. Twelve Ships of war are furnished with those Conductors – some of them have been 5 years in use, and no accident from lightning has yet hap- pened to any of them. Sep. 14th. Wed. Heard part of an interesting Lecture on the Tides, by Mr. Russell. He described and explained the causes of the bore in Rivers. The Bore in Rivers takes place 1837 51. When the tidal wave is higher than the water The Tidal in the River is deep Wave [Diagram of Tidal Wave]

[ Diagram of Tidal Wave]

1. Represents the tidal Wave of the Ocean before it is opposed by the shoaling of the water at the mouth of the river 2. Shews the Shape the wave takes when it enters the mouth of the river in Shoal water 3. The diminished wave which causes the Bore from the Shallowness of the Water in the river. Sep. 15th. Thursday Breakfasted with the deputation appointed from Newcastle, to invite the As- sociation to hold its’ next meeting at New- castle – Present. Mr. Witham Mr. W. Hutton Professor Johnson Mr. Adamson Dr. Clunny Mr. Finlay Mr. Ellrick Mr. Jno. Bulman

A misunderstanding, or rather a mistake had taken place respecting the nomination of 1837 52. a President for the meeting at Newcastle. British As- In consequence of Letters from Professor Phil- sociation lips, to Mr. Hutton, a month ago, requesting Untoward that the N.Castle Deputation would be Occurrence prepared to name a President, and Vice- Presidents when they came to Liverpool. A meeting was held of members on the 18th. Augt. See Pa. 30. when it was resolved to Solicit Lord Durham to be the President. Messrs. Witham & Hutton waited upon Ld. Durham to communicate the resolution of the meeting when his Ldp. consented to accept the Office On arriving at Liverpool, and communicating this information to Mr. Murchison, the Chief Secty. He Stated that he had requested the Duke of Northumberland 3 Months ago to accept the office of President, for the Newcastle Meeting which his Grace had consented to do and therefore, Ld. Durham’s appointment Could not be confirmed. This untoward affair occasioned much annoyance, and on a Full explanation Murchison took the whole blame upon himself and admitted that he had acted imprudently in not having appraized Phillips of his com- munications with the Duke of Northumberland 1837 53 and exonerated the Newcastle deputation from all blame. He had written Lord Durham an explanatory Letter, but his Ldp’s. answer had not arrived – he had proposed to Lord Durham to be the Vice President. It was agreed that he Should write another Letter to Ld. D_m, explaining the matter more fully – the Letter to be delivered to Ld. Durham by Mr. Witham. It was agreed not to bring this affair before the Association lest it Should excite any uncomfortable feeling, and disturb the harmony of the Meeting. Mr. Murchison alleged as a reason for having applied to the Duke of Northumberland, that the two last Presidents having been Whigs, it was better to have a Tory President next Meeting to avoid giving it the appearance entertaining Party Politics. Mechanical Attended the Mechanical Section - Fairbairn Section Read a Paper on the comparative Strength of Irons made by the hot and Cold Blast. And Dr. Lardner gave a very interesting Lecture on the Resistance, and Power of Locomotive Engines on Railways. But having taken my place in the Carlisle Mail which Starts from the Gray Horse Inn at ¼ Past Four P.M. I could not Stay 1837 54. ’till the Lecture was Finished Sep. 14th Started from Liverpool at ¼ Past Four P.M. in the Mail for Carlisle Sep. 15th. Friday Arrived at Carlisle at 5 o ‘ Clock this Morng. and left at ¼ Past Seven Carlisle by the Railway Train, and arrived at New- Railway castle at one P.M. The unfinished part of the Road from Greenhead to Haydon Bridge 11 Miles, on which the Passengers are conveyed in Coaches caused great delay. This Part of the Road id expected to be finished against next June or July. Sep. 16th. Satdy. In Newcastle – Attended a C.T. Commee. Meeting 40 P. m . for remainder of Mo. issued – making 80 P. m . in all. Dined with Donkin. Home Evening. Mr. Mc. Donnell Sep. 17th. Sunday Met Mr. Mc. Donnell in Newcastle on his way to Seaham. Wm. Fothergill’s Attended Wm. Fothergill’s Funeral at Walls-end Funeral Church, he died of Paralysis in his 69th. year after having been confined to bed 3 years. Sep. 18th. Monday Viewed Holywell Colliery - are Holywell Proceeding with the Open-cast & Stone Drift Colly. to cut out the 15ft. down-cast Trouble in Clennells Coal. 1837 55 Examined the exploring Drift in the Low-main Backworth Seam Backworth B Pit. It is now 90yards in from Colliery the Pit in a N. headways Course direction, without any Change whatever having taken place in the Seam. I think of extending the Drift to 100 yards and then turning it West for a few yards to See if the Seam thickens in that direction. Two thin Seams of tender Coal have been bored through – the hole is now 70 Faths. deep from the Bottom of the Pit which is 106 Faths. deep from the Surface, making the Full depth bored to 176 Faths. There now Seems to be no chance of meeting with a workable Seam in this Boring. Mr. Mc. Donnell Went to Seaham Hall to meet Mr. Mc. Donnell, - dined and Slept there. Sep. 19th. Tuesday Accompanied Mr. Mc. Don- nell from Seaham to Pensher to meet r M . Jno. Gregson. Spent the day in dis- cussing the principle on-which we Should estimate the Amot. of the Fine, we Should offer the Dean & Chapter for the renewal of Pittington Lease, and in estimating the Fine accordingly. Sep. 20th. Wed. Went to Durham with Mr. Mc. Donnell, & Messrs. J. Gregson, & Geo. Hunter, Mr. 1837 56. Mc. Donnell went to meet some of the Pre- Renewal of bendaries at the Chapter Office, to make them N.Pittington a proposition for the renewal of the Pittington Colly. Colly. Lease Lease, and we accompanied him to be ready in case of any explanation of our estimati- on-being required. This meeting of Mr. Mc. Donnell with the Chapter proved abortive. Sep. 21st. Thursday Mr. Morton Sent me a N. Hetton Copy of the No. Hetton Colly. Accot. for the Colliery Year ending the 1st. Augt. last for Mr. Mc. Donnell. The Profit for the year is £13835..3.11. At the W. End in the Evening Sep. 22d. Friday Exd. the Culvert under the Culvert in Embankment in Pandon Dean for Mr. P.G. Pandon Dean Ellison, in Consequence of a Complaint of it’s not having been effusively executed by the Con- tractor Brown It is walled with Stone, Circular, 3½ Ft. Drain and 173 Yards long. The Area therefore is 9.621 Sup. Feet. The Section of the Burn at the time of Flood Seems to be about 2 F.. 9 In. deep, by 12 Wide or 33 Sup. Feet. The Culvert therefore, is only 9.621 = 0.2915, or Say ⅓ the area or Water-way 33 of the Burn. The Culvert is therefore, too 1837 57 Small and the Water during Flood must be forced through it with great violence. I considered the Masonry to be very indifferently executed. The Stones are not truly worked to the Circle in the Horizontal Joints, and as well as the vertical Joints which are too narrow in many places And wanting at the Angles, from the Stones Culvert in having been worked out of Power. The Stones Pandon Dean are also flushed at Some of the joints but whether from Pressure or not I cannot Say – most probably from not having been truly worked, or not laid with Lime, or Cement An immense No. of the joints are not fair and are open from the Stones having Slipped inwards, less, or more The Beds as well as the Joints of the Stones Seem to be narrow in Several places. I Could push my fingers and even my flat hand into Several, which at the Corners were only 1½, 2, 3, 4 & 5 Inches wide. Neither is the wal- ling Sufficiently backed, or tamped, as in Some places I thrust my Stick through the angles of the joints to the extent of 15 & 17 Inches, and found it hollow behind. Besides the Joints are not properly broken

1837 58 in laying the Courses. I observed 2, 3 & 4 of the vertical Joints in Some parts, run- Culvert in ning in the Same continuous line, without Pandon Dean a break. There are Two turns in the Culvert – one mostly Rectangular, which occasions a Groin in the Masonry, at the Angles of which the work is ill executed and defective. The Length of the Culvert is about 173 yards I do not think the Culvert in immediate danger, but I think it incapable of Resisting the effects of Floods for any length of time as whenever the Water may Rush thro’ it violently, which it must necessarily do from the effects of Pressure, owing to the Smallness of the tube. The Water will be forced thro’ the open joints and behind the Walling, and wash the Stones out. Sep. 23 Saturday Met Messrs. Mc. Donnell, Jno. N. Hetton Gregson, Donkin, Morton, Geo. Hunter, Jno. Colly. Purchase Taylor & J. Robinson, at my Office in the Finally Settled Arcade, and finally Settled all matters in Accot. relative to the Purchase of N. Hetton Colliery. Attended a Coal-trade 1837 59 Committee – dined with Donkin and went home in the Evening. Sep. 24th. Sunday Spent the Morning at French home Messrs. Daubrée & Sentis, two pupils Mining from the Ecole de Mines in Paris with me Pupils – two intelligent young Men, but utterly un- acquainted with Practical Mining. Dined with Lord Durham, at Lambton Lord Durham Castle – explained the Affairs of the mistake which had taken place with Respect to the election of the President for the next Meetg of the British Association, in which his Ldps. entirely acquitted the Newcastle Committee of all blame. Messrs. Mc. Donnell, Stephenson Morton, Parsonby, Bonnomi, Dr. and Ld. Lambton’s Tutor formed the Party - Lady Lambton Durham & Lady Eliz. Lambton, dined with the Party. Sep. 25th. Monday Went to Cowpen to in- Cowpen vertigate the State of the Colliery and Blyth Colliery Harbour, at the Request of Sr. M.W. Ridley Bt. Spent the day in examining the Colliery Plans and acquainting myself with the general circumstances of the Colliery, and in examining 1837 60 Blyth Harbour at Low-Water. Slept at Mr. E. Arkless’ Cowpen Sep. 26th. Tuesday Viewed the old, or Engine Colliery Pit Cowpen Colliery, in the Low-main Seam. Spent the day in estimating the quantity of Coal in the Colliery – the ex- pence of winning it &c. And viewed the Rocks at the N. entrance of Blyth Harbour &c. with Mr. Dan Turner. Returned to Walls-end in the Evening. Biddick & Sep. 27th. Wed. Went to Pensher this Morng. Herrington Called at Mr. Morton’s (Lambton) on my way Estate to see Mr. Stephenson & him, on the Sale of Biddick, the Baronets’ & W. Herrington Estate to Lord Durham. We ask £44845 – they offer £40,000 and to leave the question to a Referee to Say whether £44845 or £44,000 or any intermediate Sum Shall be the Amot. of the Purchase Money. I had no authority to accede to this proposition, but Sent it to Mr. Mc. Donnell at Ravensworth Castle for his Consideration. Sep. 28th. Thursday Waited upon Mr. 1837 61 Mc. Donnell this morng. at Ravensworth Castle when after a full discussion on the Sale of Bid- dick & Herrington to Lord Durham, we came to the decision, that it would be best to retain that portion of Biddick which lies on the East Side of the Durham Junction Railway, and to Sell that only to Lord Durham which lies on the W. Side of it. We, therefore, greed to make the following proposition to Messrs. Stephenson & Morton viz That the price of the whole property Should be £44845 from which the value of that part of Biddick Should be deducted – the Value of this part to be proportional according to the No. of Acres, at the Full valuation of the whole Estate. The whole Estate is about 151 Acres – the part to be Sold to Lord Durham will be about 90 Acres – that to be retained about 60. Mr. Mc. Donnell Rode to Lambton with me to See Stephenson & Morton on this business but they had gone to Sunderland. We then went on to look at the Biddick Estate & thence to Pensher Just as we arrived at Pensher, a messenger 1837 62 arrived from Messrs. Fenwick & Davison at Durham to Request that I might go over to Renewal of them without delay, to have matters explained N. Pittington relative to the renewal of Pittington Colly Colly. Lease Lease, as it must be Settled before 12 o ‘ Clock at Night. I went with Mr. Mc. D. to Chester where we met Geo. Hunter, and then Hunter and I proceeded to Durham, to See the above named Genl. whom we met at Davison’s Ho. Fenwick had made a new valuation of the Fine, the Amot. of which was £20,181 He Said he had made it according to my own Principle viz on the Rental, at 5 P. Cent Int. but then he had taken the tentale at 40/- I told them that Mr. Mc. Donnells’ offer of £14500 was his [ultimatum] and that I was not Authorized to offer more. They Said they had no powers to alter their estimate, so we parted, expressing our mutual regret that we had not been able to agree. I did not get back to Pensher ‘till past 10 o ‘ Clock in the Evng. 1837 63 Sep. 29th. Friday I was called up at 2 o ‘ Clock this morng. by a messenger from Mr. Jno. Robson Down’s Pit of Hetton Colly. to Request me to go immediately to advise with him as to what was best to bed one in consequence of a Segment in the Cast Iron tubbing of the Down’s Pit having given way. The men had all got out, but the fall of Water down the Upcast Pit had turned the Air, and blown the Fire out of the Furnace, by which the Coal behind it was Set on Fire & he apprehended that all the Horses 26 – 3 Pony’s and 3 Asses would be lost. Geo. Hunter accompanied me. On arriving at the Pit, we found that they had been able to get down the Pit & were Sending the horses to bank, all of which were Safely got out by 6 o ‘ Clock The Coal-walls were on fire for 7 yards behind the Furnace, together with a quantity of Small Coals, and Some Props behind the Furnace were burnt out, and the Roof had fallen very much. The Furnace was burnt out, but Coal burning behind it 1837 64. Sep. 29th. caused quite as powerful a draft of Air thro’ the workings, as if the Furnace had been on Down’s Pit The fractured Segment is only 14 Faths. from the top of the tub. It Seems to have been Cracked from the First, and has been repaired from time to time, by placing a Sheet Iron Boiler Plate with a Flannel lining before it the plate being fastened by nailing – the nails being driven thro’ holes in the plate into the Sheeting between the flanges of the Segments – a very insecure plan it must be admitted The plate gave way a little at the top edge yesterday Afternoon, and the Sinkers went at Night to repair it as Usual, when the leak increased So much as to alarm them, and turn the Air, as already Stated. The Engine can, however, draw all the water with ease. The first object was to get the Fire be- hind the Furnace extinguished, and the existing Engine was Sent down the Pit for this purpose. If this effort Shd. 1837 65 fail to extinguish the fire, recourse must be had to drowning it out by allowing the En. Water to rise. The Furnace is 70 Yds. from the Shaft and 2 Faths. above the level of the bottom, it is Situated thus. [Diagram of Down’s Upcast Pit and Furnace Location]

[Down’s Upcast Pit and Furnace Location]

Down’s Pit I got them Set to work with buckets to prevnt. the extension of the Fire before the Engine cd. be brot. into action – it had Spread 7 yards back from the Furnace. In the event of the attempt to extinguishing the fire by the Engine failing, and that drowning it out has to be resorted to. I advised that a Strong Stopping with – Clay dam Should be put into the Furnace drift at a, and then the Space between it, and the Shaft to be filled with water to make it Air-tight. The Water may then be allowed to Rise up to the Level of the Furnace, and no higher, which will drown out the Fire with the least possible quan- tity of Water, and in the Shortest time. This 1837 66. Sep. 29th. is very desirable, as if the Water were allowed to Rise up to the level of the Furnace Drift Down’s Pit it would drown up all the dip workings in the N.E. Way. I left the Colly. at 6 o ‘ Clock, and at 9, I Recd. a Line from Mr. J. Robson, to say that the Engine was playing with great effect upon the Fire & that they were beating it rapidly I went to Newcastle, where I met Messrs. Donkin, Phillipson & N. Wood and explained the above circumstances to them, and also gave them some hints as to the mode of Repairing the Tub, and other matters for the future Safety of the Colliery. Spent the Evening at Mr. Rankin’s. Sale of Sep. 30th. Satdy . At Newcastle. Met Mr. Mc. Biddick Donnell & Mr. Morton, and gave Donkin to Lord Instructions for the Agent. for the Sale of Durham Biddick, Herrington & the Baronet’s Estate to Lord Durham, which Mr. Mc. Donnell closed with his Ldp. yesterday. Dined with Donkin at Jesmond Received a Massage from Hetton Colly. to Say that the Fire in the Down’s Pit had been 1837 67 extinguished. Home in the Evening North Mr. Th. Fenwick called upon me, to ask if Pittington we would give the Dean & Chapter £17000 fort he renewal of N. Pittington Lease, to which I replied that we would not give 6d. more than what we had offered - £14500. Octr. 1st. Sunday At home all the morning. Dined with Mr. Lamb, and Slept at Ryton Octr. 2d. Monday Accompanied Mr. Lamb to Workington. We Started by the Railway- train from Ryton at ¼ Past 8 o’ Clock A.M. for Carlisle, from whence we proceeded by Post Chaise, to Workington, by way of Wigton, Allonby & Mary Port. We reached Workington at 6 o’ Clock P.M. Octr. 3d. Tuesday Spent the day with Messrs. Workington Curwen, Walker, Lamb, Bowness, Stanley, Hawthorn &c. in investigating the State & Circumstances of the Workington Colliery & Coal-field. Mr. Curwen took great interest and a part in the discussions. Visited the Buddle Pit, which was Sunk to the 4 Ft. Seam a few days ago, and which will form the Key to the renovation 1837 68. of the Colliery – the Projection of this Pit in 1816 has proved a most fortunate circumstance in the distressed State in which the Concern has been placed by the late Catastrophe – the breaking in of the Sea. On examining Coxon, I was Satisfied that he is innocent of the charge, on which he at Present Stands Convicted, of having caused this Accident by working off the Pillars, in the Main Band, under the Sea, in the Ca[mper]-down District. It may be proved by Jas. Cameron, Hall & Shers that no Pillars, were worked in this district either by Coxon, or any body else. He had only holed 2 or 3 Walls for a Horse-Road, to ease the putting, and to complete the access to where the 50 Fm. Dyke was begun to be Set through. The Cause of the Accident, I think is trouble to the Wide & irregular Workings which had been made in this district before either Mr. Dunn, or Coxon had anything 1837 69 to do with the Colliery. The Boards are reported to have been from 10 to 20 yards wide, while the Walls were only 5 to 10 Yards thick. And the Walls from these angular Shape, the places being driven Cross- cut, to relative the Putting, were greatly weakened by the exfoliation, or blowing of the Coal. The Fissure of the 50 Fm. Dyke had been drifted into for Some distance, & contained nothing but Soft Metal, full of Slips, and overlaps; and from the form of the fracture, under the Sea – being that of an inverted Cone, or Hopper, of great depth in the middle (no bottom was found with a 20 Fath. Line, it would Seem that the Sea had forced a passage thro’ the fissure of the dyke. I thought it of im- portance to ascertain the precise position of the Fissure, with the view of ascertaining the Fact of its’ being upon the Fissure of the Dyke or not. I therefore Requested a Buoy to be placed upon the middle of the Crater, by 1837 70. Workington which its’ position may be ascertained from Land-marks on the Shore. This Mr. Edwd. Stanley undertook to do, and to lay it down, on the Colliery Plan. This will Set the question at Rest, as to whether the fracture is above the Workings made by Coxon or not Octr. 4th. Wed. Spent the day in examining and investigating the State, and Circum- stances of the Herrington Colliery In the Evening at a Consultation with Messrs. Curwen, Walker & Lamb, it was de- cided, to appoint Mr. Peurice Principle Colly Manager, at a Salary of £200 P. Ann. & Mr. Bowness, as a reward for former Ser- vices, to be continued as a Supernumerary and Assistant Viewer to Peurice at a Salary of a Guinea P. Week. Octr. 5th. Thursday Started with Mr. Lamb from Workington-hall at ½ Past Six this Mg. and Posted to Carlisle where we took the train at ¼ Past one & I arrived at Newcastle at Seven in the Evening. 1837 71. Octr. 6th. Friday At home all the morng. Went to Newcastle in the Afternoon – made progress with the report on Cowpen Colliery. Octr. 7th. Saturday At Newcastle – Had a meeting with Steam Boat Messrs. Donkin Phillipson, Morton & Geo. Hunter, and Walls-end fixed the price of the Steam Boat Walls-end for Price fixed next year at 18/ 6 on board, which is 1/ 6 lighter than the present price (17/-) - 1/ 6 P. Ch-fittage to be al- owed to the Fitters for commission, and to cover bad debts. Octr. 8th. Sunday At home all the morning – dined with Mr. Easterby. Backworth Octr. 9th. Monday Viewed Backworth and Holy- and Holywell well Colls. this morning. The Stone Drift for Stone Drift the Rolly way through the 15Ft. Down-cast trouble in Clennell’s Coal Holywell, is 24 yards in this morng. and has about 18 further to go to cut the Coal, on the dip-Side of the trouble. Exploring The N. Heads. Exploring Drift in the Low- Drift main Seam B. Pit Backworth, after being driven Low-main 100 yards in from the Shaft has been turned 20 yds. W. but no improvement, or alteration whatever has taken place in the Seam. As it is not prudent to drive the drift any further, with the Air Boxes, I Stopped the 1837 72. Drifts, until it is decided by a consultation with Messrs. T. & H. Taylor, whether the Seam is to be explored any further. As in this event, the Main Brattice in the Shaft must be completed to the bottom, and the Octr. 9th. drift must be doubled in the Seam, So as to perfect the ventilation Percy-main At Percy-main in the Afternoon, have begun Colliery to work the Broken in the Percy Pit Bensham Have finished the repairing of the Cast- Iron Tub, in the Flatworth Pit, and are proceeding with the repairs of the Shaft below it. Tanfield-moor Octr.10th. Tuesday At Tanfield-moor, Lanchester Lanchester Common and Medomsley, and then met Mr. Common T. Harrison at the Junction Bridge, to See the Ball & Socket Steam pipe Joint for his improved T. Harrison Locomotive Engine. His improvement con- Improvement sists in having the Engine on one Carriage, and in the the Boiler on another, and the Ball & Socket Joint Locomotive in the Steam Pipe is to connect the Boiler and Engine. Engine, with a flexible Joint the Ball & Socket Joint with a Gland on the Pipe, accommodates the Communication Pipe to all the Movements 1837 73 [Paper cutting of the two Carriages, and the Joint Keeps quite missing?] Steam-tight. The Joint has been under trial for 3 Weeks, and has Stood perfectly good so far. It is made entirely of Brass. His patent also em- braces the object of increasing the Speed of the Engine, by a reduced Speed of the Pistons – by two Spur Wheels i.e. a Spur Wheel and Nut

[Diagram – Steam, Ball and Socket Joint]

[Diagram of Steam, Ball and Socket Joint]

Junction The turning of the large Arch is finished and Bridge the Centering of the 100Ft. Arch on the So. Side of Great the River, was Slacked on the 5th. Inst. - to day Arch the Centering is being taken entirely out, and the turned Arch left to itself. Not the Slightest yielding or Shrinkage is visible, nor has any flushing of the Stones taken place. Everything, So far Seems as favourable as could be wished Moorsley Octr.11th. Wed. At Rainton Colliery, and attended Limestone the N.Hetton Colliery Monthly Board. Exd. Quarry the Moorsley Limestone Quarry – it is an expensive working one, on Accot. of the diffi[cult]y 1837 74. baring it. It is Covered by 16 Ft. of hard Bastard Limestone, the the Stratum of the best blue Limestone, and then a Cras[se] brown Sandy Limestone of unexpected thickness. Seaham Octr.12th. Thursday At Seaham Harbour – the West Harbour Spur Pier in the So. Harbour is finished, and the e. one, is built 5 Courses of Blocks up from the Foundation. The 1st. Division of the Staith is finished to 3 pair of Gears, and the flagging and Roofing remain to be done. Octr.13th. Friday Viewed the Minor Pit Hetton Hetton Colly. Hutton Seam, to judge of the propriety Colliery of allowing the Co. to work off the Pillars in a certain part of Mr. Foxs’ Royalty. This tract lies between two Dykes, and I think it benificial to Mr. Fox to allow the Pillars to be worked at this time. The Hutton Seam is in great perfection here, - it is 5t. thick of clean Coal & 15 In. of Botton Coal. At N.Castle in the Afternoon, and examined Pandon the Pandon Dean Tunnel for Mr. Ellison – devised Tunnell a plan for Securing it, by Cast Iron Cribs & Pointing the Joints with Roman Cement. Dined wt. Dr. White, with Messrs. Donkin, Ramsay, Armstrong 1837 75 Mr. Armstrong, Nichol, Stable, Sopwith Hoyle, and Sewell. A total Eclipse of the moon took Eclipse place this Evening, at ¼ past nine – the Atmosphere of the was very clear, and every thins as favourable Moon as possible for Seeing the Eclipse. The phage of the moon was never entirely obscured – at the peri- od of the greatest obscuration, it appeared of a Sooty Copper Colour. A penumbra both preceded, and fol- lowed the Shadow of the Earth. Pandon Octr.14th. Saturday At Newcastle – undertook to direct Tunnel the repair of the Pandon Tunnel for Mr. Ellison 3 th Mortgage on Agreed to advance £4000 on Mortgage on their /5 . Claxtons Shares of the Claxtons Paper Mill to Robt. & Will Paper Mill Hutton. Attended C.T. Committee Meeting – 45 P. m . issued for the remainder of Oct. making P. m . for the Month. Octr.15th. Sunday At home all day – Messrs. Easterby and Walter Hall called upon me. Cowpen Colliery Octr.16th. Monday Viewed Cowpen Colliery – and viewed Blyth Harbour at Low-water – to enable to re- Blyth Harbour port to Sr. M.W. Ridley Bt. as to making certain im- provements therein. Percy-main Octr.17th. Tuesday Viewed the Percy Pit Bensham where Colliery the working of the Pillars has just recommenced in the 1st. N. of Red Burn District. Examined the 1837 76 the Flatworth Pit Shaft which is under repair preparatory to commencing, the Sinking to the Bensham Seam Went to Benwell – met Mr. Surtees there proceeded to Durham in the Evening, on my way to View Deanery Colliery. Octr.18th. Wed. Viewed the Deanery Colliery, and returned to Walls-end in the Evening. Octr.19th. Thusdy. At Percy-main – met Mr. Lamb there. Octr.20th. Friday At Newcastle in the Eng. Octr. 21st. Satdy. At Newcastle – A meeting of Backworth the Backth. Co. Messrs. Lamb Hetherington and Th. Main-coal Taylor, it was resolved to continue the exploring Drifts to be Drift in the Low-main Seam 200 or 300 yards Continued further North. This will require the main Brattice in the Shaft to be completed in the first place Ra. Coxon Ra. Coxon & his Son met Mr. Geo. Johnson at Percy main Office, to have a explanation relative to the Workington Colly. Affair. When it appeared that Coxon had laboured under a mistake in imagining that Mr. Johnson was appointed consulting Viewer for the Colliery. As he had only been called upon to give his opinion as to the building of an

[Newspaper Cutting about- Peter Nicholson’s “Treatise on Projection”]

1837 77 additional Engine. Octr. 21 Sunday At home Backworth Octr. 23 Monday Viewed Backworth Colliery in the Crispin district which commenced work this morng. with a New Incline 200 yards long. This district as lain dormant for about 11 years Mr. Duval At Percy in the Afternoon Mr. Duval of London down the Bensham with Oliver. Dean Forest Octr.24th. Tuesday Spent the morning with Mr. Sopwith in preparing Materials for our Dean Forest Report Went to Pensher in the Afternoon. Seaham Octr. 25th. Wed. Viewed the works as Seaham Harbour Harbour – all going on well. A large Fleet of light Ships in the Basin and Dock. Meeting for Octr.26th. Thursday Attended the Meeting for the the Promotn. promotion of the Fine Arts, as applicable to of the Manufacturers, at the Lecture Room of the Fine Arts Philosophical Society Newcastle. The Bishop of Durham in the Chair Ld. Durham Dined with Lord Durham – Sat at Table Bishop of next the Bishop – had much conversation with Durham him, and found him a most a[ccess]ible and agreeable Man. He gave me a Cordial invi- tation to visit him in Aukland.

1837 78. Dean Forest Octr.27th. Friday Made progress in the Dean Report Forest Report with Mr. Sopwith. Mr. Rankins Dined at Mr. Rankins Octr.28th. Saturday At Newcastle – Attended C.T. Mr. Holmes Commee. meetg. Mr. Holmes laid the Prospectus of the Coal-warf Co. at the Isle of Dogs before the meeting Revd. Mr. Dined with the Revd. J. Armstrong at Douglas Walls-end – to meet the Revd. Mr. Douglas Octr.29th. Sunday Attended Walls-end Church to hear Mr. Douglas – the Rector of Whickham preach a Sermon for the benefit of the National Church School Society. Holywell Octr.30th. Monday Viewed Holywell Colly. – Clennell’s Stone Drift is 40 yards in this Morng. & is within 2 yards of being holed Are getting forward with the apparatus for introducing the Iron Tub System. The Tubs to hold 25 Pecks – to bring 24 to bank Sheet Iron – they are of the Following dimensions. Tubs, or F. In. 1 Boxes Length 3. 2 The Sides /8 In. Plate 3 th Brea. 2. 6 Bottom /16 . Depth 2. 3 Cwt. [qr] lb Weight of Tub 2 .. 1 .. 19 Height of Ditto Tram 0 .. 2 ..1[4] Train & Tub 3 .. 0 .. 5 3 Ft. 2 In. 1837 79 Amot. of Lumley Colly. Stock, as valued to Messrs. H. Stobart & Co. when they entered upon the Colliery as Sub-Lessees under the Earl of Durham, in July 1837 Lumley Colly. The P Flat pumping Engine £2217..18..10 Stock Lumley 1st. Pit, Machine 565.. 6.. 1 George Pit ditto 488.. 4.. 8 Lumley Pit ditto 1083.. 3.. 6 Lumley 2d.Pit ditto 1121..11.. 8 Lumley 6th.Pit ditto 3..18.. 9 £5,480.. 3.. 6 Benwell Octr.31st. Tuesday At Benwell Colliery. Colly. Recd. an offer from Lister & Son of £50 P. Ann. Lister & Son for the privilege of working 2000 tons of Fire Clay Offer for out of my Benwell Estate, and 6d. P. ton for over Fire Clay Workings. This proposition to be considered. Went to Greenside in the Evening and Slept at Mr. Halls. Nov. 1st. Wed. Went to Wylam New Winning with Mr. Hall, and examined the Tubbing in Wylam the Shaft &c. The Pit got the Six-quarter Seam New Winng Fm F In. this morng. at 32.. 5.. 0 from the Surface. The Depth is as follows viz Fm Ft. In. To the Townley Seam 14.. 1.. 6 More to the Five-quarter 13.. 4.. 6 More to the Six-quarter 4.. 5.. 0 32.. 5.. 0 This Pit is Sunk in the Duke of Northumberlands Royalty, in Prudhoe Haugh. 1837 80 Nov. 1st. Examined a Considerable part of the Surface of Stella Grand Lease & Craw-crook Colliers with Th. Hall & discussed various plans for winning and working the Same. Stella Examined the plans of Stella Freehold and Freehold the adjoining parts of the Grand Lease & Winlaton Lordship, and decided to bore from the bottom of Mill[au]’s Pit (which is down to the Townley- main Seam to prove the Stone & five-quarter Seams below. Howdon Pit Nov. 2d. Thursday Viewed the Howdon Pit. Met Messrs. Hethrington & Th. Taylor at Percy-main. Sunk through the Yard Coal Seam, in the F Pit Metal Coal Walls-end Colly. This Seam lies below the Main Coal, and from the Surface. Section of Seam Ft. In. Coal 0.. 0½ Splint & Foul Coal 0.. 3 Coal 1.. 2½ Band Blue Metal 0.. 0½ Coal 2.. 0 3.. 6½ A Blue-gray Metal Roof A very Strong Gray Thill 1837 81. Killed Sep. 20th. Wm. Wilkinson Rolly Driver Killed by falling off the Rope, in going down the Percy Pit – he was Subject to fits & took one in the Shaft & lost his hold of the Rope. Octr. 28th. A little Boy Th. Rutherford 11 Years of age Smothered in the Small Coal Trunk at Benwell Old Engine, by a Shoot of Small Coals falling upon him, when playing with Some other boys about the trunk. He was not Missed for 3 hours, and when found was quite dead. Nov. 1st. A travelling Tinker Jno. Dogharty was Killed on Cram- lington Rolly-way. he had placed himself between two full Waggons at the foot of the Prospect Engine Plane & when the Engine Started, he fell with his head upon the Rail, when the Waggon Ran over it and Killed him instantly Octr. 25th. Shotten Engine Wright Killed by fall down the En-Pit at Whitley Colliery – he was working in the Shaft in the a Loop, without having the Clippas Keep fastened down. And pressing with his feet against a pump they were going to draw and his back against the brattice, he had lifted the Loop out of the Clippas, without being aware of it, and laying his weight upon it, he instantly fell to the bottom, and was dashed to pieces, A young Man was in a Loop above him, and reminded him that the Clippas was open – he Said he was aware of it

1837 82.[81a] but Shortly afterwards fell. Nov. 3d. Friday At Newcastle and finished the Dean Forest report with Mr. Sopwith. Nov. 4th. Saturday At Newcastle Coal-trade Meetg 40 P.m . issued for the first 15 days of Nov. Nov. 5th. Sunday At home all morng. Dined with Mr. Easterby. Nov. 6th. Monday Viewed Backworth B, Pit the Backworth Boring is now 95 Fath. Below the Low-main Seam in a hard Post. The 1st. Stinting in the Low-main exploring drift is holed. The holing Round below the Trouble in the S. W. Stone drift will be accomplished in 4 or 5 days. Pensher Nov. 7th. Tuesday Went to Pensher – Set out a New Branch of Railway to the Row Pit, with other Colliery Matters Nov. 8th. Wednesday Attended the N. Hetton No. Hetton Colliery Board. Present Messrs. Wood Morton Hunter, Spence, Robinson and Appleby New Ship Paid Spence £400 being the 1st. Instalt. for the building of the New Ship to be called the Mary and Ann – buildg. by Case of Nov. 9th. Thursday Attended a case of re- Reference ference, as Umpire, at Houghton-le- Spring Respecting the Amot. of Rent for a term of ten years & the time of the Comment. of 1837 82. the Term, between Mr. Lowery as Mortgagee in possession & Lord Durham, as Lessee of the Houses. Mr. Hindhaugh Referee for Mr. Lowery & Mr. Donnell Plawsworth for Lord Durham. Examined Several Witnesses, as to the Value of Ho. Property and exd. the Premises. Another Meeting with the Referees will be necessary before I can make my award. Returned to Walls-end in the Evening Fine Arts Nov.10th. Friday Attended a meeting of the Committee Society of the Society for the Promotion of the Fine Arts, at the Commee. Rooms of the Ph. Society. Spent the Evg. at Mr. MacKeiths’. C.T. Nov.11th. Satdy. Attended a Meetg. of the C.T. Committee Commee. the So. Hetton Bases Settled at 64 m . for Meeting 3 Years Nov.12th. Sunday At home all the morng. dined with Mr. Easterby. Recd. a Letter from the Bishop of The Bishop Durham offering me the Situation of his Viewer, to of Succeed Mr. Fenwick, to whom he has given Notice Durham that he will dispense with his Services. Nov.13th. Monday Breakfasted with Th. Taylor at Cramlington Earsdon, and accompanied him to his Estate at

1837 83 Cramlington, the Coal under which he offers to let, and the Backworth Co. and gives them the refusal of it The Estate contains 630 Acres, and the Situation where d 7 th the En Pit w . probably be Sunk lies 2 Miles & /8 . N. of Backworth Pit. The Low-main Seam is the chief object. Cramlington high Pit is working within a very Short distance of the Boundary & the Seam is a very good of its’ Kind. A great quantity of Brasses are [wailed] out of the Coals. Nov.14th. Tuesday Left Newcastle at ¼ Past Eleven A.M. on my way to Mount Stewart in Ireland in the Railway Omnibus – took the Rail-way Train at Stella, Blaydon, & arrived at Carlisle ¼ before Six P.M. Nov.15th. Wed. Started from Carlisle, by the Dumfries Mail, at 5 A.M. Arrived at Dumfries at ½ Past Nine. Breakfasted, and proceeded in a two horse Mail, by Castle Douglas, Gate House Newtown Stewart Cree-town, Glen Luce Stranraer to Port Paterick where we arrived at ¼ to Nine in the Evening. We were delayed a while by one of the horses dropping down dead, Cree-town [Craighlaw?] & Glen Luce. Passed over the Crop of the Old Red Sand Stone on the So. Side of Dumfries, and soon after 1837 84 Passing it came upon the great Clay-Slate Forma- tion, which runs thro’ the whole of Scotland from Port Patrick, to St. Abbs-head, on the E. Coast This formation appears all along the Road to Port Patrick, and forms an endless variety of Hills as far as the eye can reach to the N.N.E. & N.W. and many of them being planted gives the Country a most picturesque & beautiful appearance – es- pecially between Gate-house and Newtown Stewart Near there is a Granite Quarry on the top of a hill, in which it is Said 300 Men are employed working Stones for the Liverpool Docks. Slept at Port Patrick Nov.16th. Thursday Sailed in the Steam Packet Journey to Commanded by Leunt. Henry, at ¼ to Six Ireland A.M. and arrived at Donaghadee at 25 Min Past Eight, having been 2 hours & 40 Min on the Passage It blew fresh, wind before the Beam, but the Sea was a mere lipper. It was too dark to allow me to examine Port Patrick harbour, but I exd. Dona- hagadee, which is Considered to be finished. Donaghadee The Construction of this harbour [Plan of in point of Principle Seems Donaghadee most defective as its’ mouth Harbour] is fully open to the N.E. Sea and the Peir ends being rounded the Sea Rolls round them in

[Plan of Donaghdee Harbour]

1837 85. a N.E.Gale, and prevents the Vessels from lying quiet. The Masonry is of the very best Work- manship, but the Mass & Strength of the Piers Ireland is more than necessary – the top of the So. Pier is 33Ft. wide within the parapet. It is built of the Gra[nworke] from are adjoining Quarry. The Light Ho. on the head of the So. Pier is built of Anglesey Marble, and finished in the highest Style. It Seems as if it had been turned in a Laith. This appears to be unnecessary, piece of extravagance Examined the quarry from which the Stones for building the Pier have been won – it lies on the Coast, at about a quarter of a mile from the Pier. It is a Mass of Grauwacke, as is all the Coast in the neighbourhood, it appears to be the lower Part of the Formation, below the Silurian division, Some parts are of a Red & Brown tinge. And Small Veins, or Threads of Calcevious Spar (I think) run through it in various parts

[Sketch of Quarry Face]

[Sketch South Side of Quarry Face]

1837 86 Lord Londonderry have Sent his Cab for me to Donha- gadee I proceeded thither and arrived at 1 o ‘ Clock. Lord L_ was from home but Lady L. received me very Kindly. She Shewed me the Journal of her travels on the Continent last year with Notes & Letters from the Kings of Sweeden, & Prussia, & the Emperor of Russia. Also from the Empress of Russia & the Queen of Hanover &c. The Empress of Russias’ Letter was written in excellent English, and in a beautiful hand. The King of Sweedens’ Letter was written in French – in a bold Strong hand. Lady L. gave me a String of queries relative to the State of the family Affairs to Answer. Lord L. came home to dinner – No company but all the family except Ld. Seaham at home. i.e. Ladies Frances Alleni, & Adelaide. Lords Seaham & Earnest. Nov.17th. Friday Met Cap. Portlock of the Royal Engineers and Mr. W. Adam, at breakfast, at Andrews’ Comber and then proceeded to examine the geology of the neigh- borhood. We visited the Limestone Quarry at Castle Espy – the Sandstone quarries at Scrabo &c. The above Gentleman returned to Belfast & Mr. Andrews accom- panied me to Mount Stewart to dinner. Capt. Portlock is employed in making the great Survey 1837 87 of Ireland for the Ordnance. He is a very gentleman- like person. He is an excelent Geologist & Mineralologist and well acquainted with general Science Mr. W. Adam is in business in Belfast – he is a well informed & Scientific person and a good Geologist and Mineralologist. I found him as well as Capt. Port- lock very agreeable persons. Nov.18th. Saturday Viewed the Couligg Lead Mines This Mine is established on a vein in the Grauwacke Rock, which runs nearly N. & So. by Compass. It was first opened by an Adit 500 to 600 yards long which drains the Vein to the depth of 20 Fathoms, but Subsequently it has been drained to the depth of 40 Fm. by a 24 Horse Engine. The Vein Varies in thicknessWidth from 2 fathoms at the top to 10 at the bottom Level. [Diagram of Couligg Lead Mines] [Diagram of Couligg Lead Mines]

1837 88. The vein is a Conglomerate of Barites, Hornblend Sulphate of Copper, and of Irons and other Minerals, and the Lead ore is Scattered through it, in detached Crystals & Masses, called Bus[eely] Lead- It is not very productive of lead & the Lead Mines only contains about 2 Oz of Silver P. Ton, which will not pay the expense of refining. The most curious part of the Character of this Vein, is the vertical Strata of Threads of Horn- blende, which traverse it, and which vary in thickness from 18 In. to 8 Feet. The Vein is most Metalifferous next those Runners, thus Next the Hornblend Runners [Diagram - the Ore lies in vertical Strings Ore Strings] while in the middle of the intervals it lies in distant Detached Crystals.

[Diagram - of Hornblende Ore Veins]

[Diagram of Couligg, Hornblende Ore Veins and Strings]

Plan of Veins, Shewing how the Horn- blende Runners traverse it. About 150 People are employed in and about 1 th this mine, and Co. pay /10 . of the 1837 89. whole produce of washed Ore to Lord Londonderry as Royalty. Height of The Crushing Apparatus (Rollers) is worked Hills by a Wind Mill, and is very Complete. The Royalty last year was £800 and this year is expected to amot. to £1000. According to the Ordnance Survey this Mine is 449 Ft. above the Spring Tide Low- Water-Mark of the Sea. The Wind-mill is 351, and Nelson’s Monut. is 470 Ft. above the Same Level. Scrabo is 534 Ft. above ditto. Met Capt. Portlock & Mr. W. Adam at Mount Stewart, and a discussion with Lord Londonderry, on the Subject of our geological examn. of the County Went to Belfast with Capt. Portlock & Mr. W. Adam – dined with Capt. Portlock and Slept at Commercial Hotel Belfast Belfast. Nov.19th. Sunday Left Belfast at ½ Past Seven this Morng. by the Mail, for Glenarm – went by Carrickfergus & 1837 . 90 Larne. Arrived at Glenarm at 1 o ‘ Clock P.M. the distance being about 40 English Miles. At Larne we were put into an open Carr, on 4 Wheels, drawn by 2 horses which is called the “Royal Mail” Met with an amusing Companion, a Mr. W. Gee, an old Man who had been a Cattle Dealer – a Fine Specimen of the Irish Character – he had been a “Croppie”, in the Rebellion, & is now a Radical, and an out & out Oco- nellite The Could cutting of the new [ ] along the Cliffs, by the Sea Shore near Glen- arm gives a fine Section of the Strata It is an immence Mass of Chalk Capped by the Basalt, which overlies the greater part of the County of Antrim Dr. Ponsonby At Glenarm Castle I found the Bishop Bishop of of Derry, with his Lady & two Daughters Derry. Staying with Mr. Mc. Donnell – very age- eable people Glenarm Castle is a fine old buildg Glenarm in high State of repairs, and a very Castle comfortable house, in it’s interior arrange- ment. It is Situated on a Lawn in 1837 91 the Glen of Glenarm, which is narrow with high rocky Hills covered with heath, on each Side – one front of the house facing the Sea & the other looking up the Glen The town of Glenarm is a Small poor place. Discussed Ld. Londonderry’s Affairs with Mr. Mc. Donnell, and Slept at the Castle. Nov.20th. Monday Left Glenarm at ½ past Ballymena Nine this morng. in a Carr, and proceeded over the Mountains to Ballmana, where I arrived at ½ Past twelve & met Mr. W. Adam, who had just arrived before me from Belfast. For 3 or 4 Miles from Glenarm the road rises up the N. Side of the glen when it reaches the Summit Level, and then winds thro’ the hills on an un- dulating line to Ballymena. The Road passes to the N. of Slieve-Mish, the highest Mountain in Antrim, and on the So. Side Skerry. Passed through the town of Broughshane, which is 2½ miles from Ballymena – it is rather a large and 1837 92 tolerably clean looking town. The Country all the way from Glenarm to Ballymena, is on Basaltic Rock Covered with heath & Bog – the Rugged Crag Stone breaking out into Steep escarpments every here and there. Smell farms are Culti- vated, wherever a favourable Situation for the purpose occurs. Potatoes & Oats are the Chief Crops, and Small Cattle & mountain Sheep depasture upon the Moors & up to the Summits of the Mountains. Kilty- Proceeded to Kiltymorris Colliery which morris lies 7 miles to the N. of Ballymena, with Colliery Mr. W. Adam – to examine the Lignite Seam which is Worked there. The Colliery was not working & the principal Adit, out of which the Coal had been last worked was walled up at the mouth. The working was discontinued Some Months ago from the want of Sale, as the Country people, can burn Peat at a cheaper rate than the Coal. The Seam of Lignite lies partly un- der rudely Columnar Trap, and partly under tubular Trap, often much decomposed 1837 93. Only one Seam of Coal has yet been dis- covered of a waving characture varying from 6 In. to 3 Feet in thickness. The Pavement is a bed of Clay in Some Respects Similar to Fire Clay Kittymorris but neither its’ thickness nor what lies under Colliery it has yet been explored. The workmen Say that a dyke, of the Same Clay cuts the Coal off under the Hill, to the W. at about 20 Perches from the Mouth of the Adit. The dyke runs N. & South. The Hill rises gently to the Westward.

[Section - Kiltymorris Coal Seam]

[Section - Kiltymorris Coal Seam]

This Section Shews that the irregularity in the thickness of the Seam of Coal is occasioned by the irregularity in the lengths of the Rude basaltic Columns, which Seem as if they had been placed upon the Coal when it was in a plastic State. On looking at the Roof of the Coal it has the appearance of the annexed Diagram which Represents the bases of those Rude Columns. Scarcely any of 1837 94 which had the appearance of Regular Polygons – Some of them are polygnar. The Cavities formed [Sketch of by working the Coal Basalt from between the bottom polygons] of the Columns, have The appearance of Cells Rather than that of regu- lar Coal-workings. [Sketch of Basalt Polygons]

When in the excavations formed by working the Coal, it Seems as if the Coal had been deposited in Cells. Returned to Ballymena with Mr. W. Adam, where we dined, and then Returned to Belfast, where we arrived at a little past Eleven in the Evening. We travelled on a one horse Carr, which is a very good Sort of conveyance – the charge of posting in which is 8d. P. mile ex- clusive of the driver. Slept at the Commercial Hotel in Belfast which is a very good house Ordnance Nov. 21st. Tuesday Breakfasted with Capt. Survey. Portlock, and accompanied him to his Office at the Barracks, where he Shewed me the 1837 95 collection of geological & other natural history Specimens, which he is making for the Ordon- Ordnance ance Survey of Ireland. Survey. The actual Survey is plotted on a Scale of 6 In. to a mile, which allows the Farms in each Parish to be laid down, and the heights of the Mountains as well as the Principle Hills are also figured upon the Maps. The depths of Water in the Lakes are likewise marked; and the Geology of the Country is coloured upon the Maps. So that they contain a great mass of information. They are likewise Constructing Statistical Tables, which Shew in Columns, the No. of Acres in each Farm – the Course of tillage, the produce of the Crops, the Rents of the Lands, the Population & how employed, and Classed, under the heads of Agri- culture Manufactures, Mining, Trade &c. &c. Joint Report Drew up a Report for Lord Londonderry, on the for Lord probability of finding Coal in his Ldps. Estate of Londonderry Down, with Cap. Portlock & Mr. W. Adam. Returned to Mount Stewart to dinner, where we dined a Party of Fourteen – Lord Castlereagh Mr. & Mrs. Cleland, Mr. & Mrs. Andrews &c. there Nov. 22d. Wed. Breakfasted with Lord Castlereagh and left Mount Stewart at 9 o ‘ Clock for Donaghadee 1837 96 Sailed from Donaghadee at ½ Past ten in the Fury Steamer Cap. Henry, and arrived at Port Patrick a few minutes before one – had a fair Wind on the quarter, but a Strong ground Swell from the heavy Gale of yesterday. Asked Capts. Henry & Farver, the Capts. of the Packets & Cap. Little the Inspector to dine with me. Left P. Patrick by the Dumfries Mail at & P.M. Nov. 23d. Thursday Arrived at Dumfries at 6 A.M. & Proceeded in a Gig to Carlisle, by Annan, where I arrived at Eleven – took the Railway train at ¼ to Twelve, and arrived at Newcastle at 6 P.M. having been 33 hours in coming from Mount Stewart including 6 hours detention at Port Patrick. Took a Hackney from N.Castle & arrived at Walls-end at Eight in the Evening. The expence of my journey was £16..1..6, but I was liberal to Post Boys, Coal-men & Guards, Waiters Porters &c. 96a A C Anfield 5, Committee meeting 4,5,8,13,34,82, Armstrong Mr. William 24, Clennell's Coal 9, Lord Adolphus 26, Cramlington Coal, offer of to Backworth Co. 27,34, Address to the Queen 29, Cubitt Engineer 35, Askrigg Spa 34, Conductors to protect Ships. against Lightning 50, Atkinson John Junr. 36, Culvert in Pandon Dean 56,75, Arch (great) turned Junction Bridge 73, Cowpen Colliery 59,75, Accidents in Mines 73, Coxon Ra. 76, B Cramlington Colliery 82, Backworth 9,15,17,20,26,55,71,76,77,81, Couligg Lead Mine 87, Benwell 6,14,32, Burnt 14, Benwell alterations of

Hopper's Road 32, Belmont Colliery 34, Botanic Garden 35, Blount 14, D Beckett Sr. John 49, Duke, Sr. James 2, The Buckstone Hill 43, Durham City Election 19, British Association 30,49,50,51,52,53,54, Ditto County do. 21,26, Bulls Pill 48, Lord Durham 30, Birmingham Railway 48, Down's Pit 63, Bristol Steam Ship 49, Mr. Duval 77, Biddick & Herrington Donaghadee [Ireland] 84, Estates 60,66, Blyth Harbour 75, Bishop of Durham 77,82, Bishop of Derry 90, Belfast 89, Ballymena 91, 96b E G Elections 18,19, Great North of England Railway 1, Exploring Drift 71, Geological Club 2, Gregson Jno. 3, The Ship Glenarm Castle 26, General Mining Association 36, Gallery of Mechanical Science 37, Glenarm 90, F H F Pit Walls-end 9, Holiwell Colliery 4,9,16,26,54,71,78, Mr. Foord 36, Hooker Gate 6, Forest of Dean 41,42,43,77 Horse Artillery 16, Wm. Fothergill's Funeral 54, Dr. Hooker 35, Frenchmen 59, T. Harrisons improved Locomotive Engine 72, Fine Arts Society 72, Hetton Colliery 74, Hutton, Rt. & Wm. Mortgage 75, Howdon Pit 80,

96c I K Ireland 84, King William IV, death of 5, Killed 10,13,31,33,81, Killingworth Colly. 23,24, Kiltymorris 92, J L Junction Bridge 10,73, London 1,34,37, Jackson Charles, death of 15, Lumley Colliery 11, Journey from London to Coleford 37, Lord Londonderry 1,22,26, Low Main Seam Backworth 20, Lanchester Common 21,72, Lightning Conductors 50, Lord Durham 59,77, Limestone Quarry Moorsley 73, Lumley Colliery Stock 79, Lister & Son, offer for Fire Clay 79, Lead-miners 87,

96d M O Mr. Mc. Donnell 1,3,13,15,55, Outstroke into Clennells' Coal 8, Monument 4, Office of Woods 35,36, Medomsley 33, Ordnance Survey 94, Milne, Alexr. Esqr. 36, Meeting relative to the British

Association 30, Moorsley Limestone Quarry 73, Mortgage R & W Hutton 75, Meeting for the promotion of the Fine 77, Arts P Metal Coal, Walls-end Colly. 80, Percy-main 4,6,14,72,75, N Protheroe 48, Newgate 1, Pittington Colly. Lease 56, North Hetton 5,29,56,58, Peter Nicholson 77,

96e Q S[cont] Queen Victoria Proclaimed 5, Dr. Smith 27, Ship Glenarm Castle 26, R Lord Seaham 26, Reference Case of 81, Stanhope Co. 32, Surveying Instruments 36, S Steam Boat W.end Coals, price fixed 71, Ship, Ino. Buddle 4,22, Stone Drift 71, Seaham Harbour 5,11,13,74,77, Sheet Iron Coal Tubs, or Boxes 78, Stella Freehold 6,80, Ship Mary & Ann 81, Stanton's House 6, T Seaham Lord 13, Tanfield-moor 5,21,72, Storm 21, Messrs. Th. & Hugh Taylor, meeting with respecting the Winning of, New Holywell Colliery 14, Tannery Chester 29,

96g U W West Townley, Basis fixed 8, Walls-end F Pit 9, Lady Williamson 15, Workington Colly. drowned 22, Woods, Office of 35, Walker, James Esqr. Civil Engineer 36, Wylam New Winning 79, V X

96h Y Z