''A Century of Patient Care"

RC 445 .18 M33 1973 100 ''A Century of Patient Care" 1873 - 1973 Selig M. Korson, M.D., F.A.P.A., Superintendent Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry College of Medicine University of Iowa - Iowa City, Iowa MENTAL HEALTH INSTITUTE INDEPENDENCE, IOWA P R E F A C E Prior to 1867, there was one state hospital in Iowa. Located at Mount Pleasant, the hospital was very overcrowded and persons had to travel great distances to be admitted. Many insane persons in the State were deprived of the benefits of hos pital treatment. In 1867 and 1868 the Honorable W. G. Donnan introduced in the State Legislature a bill for the erection of a hospital for insane to be located in or near Indep endence. (Mrs. Donnan's brother, J. B. Donnan was the father of Mrs. C.W.Fiester and Mrs. Fred Limbert of Independence.) The bill passed the Senate without a diss~nting vote and passed the House easily along with an appropriation of $125,000. A board was also created. Albert Clarke was the member from Buchanan County, but he died before the year was up. George Bemis was appointed to fill the vacancy. The bill required donation of 320 acres to the State within two and one-hrufmiles of the city limit. Several tracts were offered. Money was raised for purchase by subscription among citizens of Independence. The lot chosen by the Board of Commissioners was one mile west of the Wapsipinicon, one mile from Independence and one mile frbm the railroad. Total purchase price of this lot was $6,080. The tract was unbroken prairie without a tree or shrub and furnished on digging, an abundant supply of soft water free from any foreign substance. It was also dis- covered the tract contained a bed of good brick clay which proved of great value in building. A CENTURY OF SUPERINTENDENTS 1873 - 1973 1873 - 1882 Albert Reynolds, M.D. 1882 - 1902 Gershom H. Hill, M.D. 1902 - 1920 w. P. Crumbacker, M.D. 1920 - 1948 R. A. Stewart, M.D. 1948 - 1949 R. w. Robb, M.D. 1949 - 1953 Max E. Witte, ~\.D. 1953 - 1956 Donald L. Kyer, M.D. 1956 - 1958 James 0. Cromwell, M.D. 1958 - Selig M. Korson, M.D. 1869 from Farmersburg; Dr. John G. House, S.c retary, from Independence (he succeeded Mr. George Josselyn was hired as-Sup~r~ Rev. John M. Boggs who died before the intendent in charge of construction. first meeting l<Tas held); Mr. George W. Bemis from Independence; M~. E. G. Mor At this time the General Assembly also gan from Fort Dodge; Mrs. Prudence A. provided for a three-man commission to Appelman from Clermont; Dr. c. C. Parker work with Mr. Josselyn and report to the from Fayette and Mr. T. W. Fawcett from General Assembly on the progress and Chariton. needs of completing the hospital. The three men appointed to the commission The trustees appointed Mr. Albert Rey were: Mr. Maturin L. Fisher, Clayton nolds, M.D., Clinton, Iowa as the FIRST County who upon his death in 1879 was SUPERINTENDENT of the hospital at a sal sUcceeded by Mr. A. G. Case, Flpy.d Coun ary of $2000 per year. Dr. Reynolde ty; Mr. Erastus G. Morgan, Webster Coun served as assistant physician in Kings ty and Mr. George W. Bemis, Buchanan Co. County Lunatic Asylum at Flatbush, New York under superintendency of Dr. Edward R. Chapin and afterward traveled in Eu 1870 rope visiting· .principal institutions for insane in Great Britain and Ireland. Ran out of appropriated funds so opera tions on the construction had to.cease. Trustees hired Mr. George Josselyn as Most of the workmen were dismissed. hospital steward at a salary of $1000 per year. Mr. Josselyn had been super By now 80 acres had been enclosed. by intendent of hospital construction. His lences and 40 acres broken. wife, Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn was hired as matron at a salary of $500 per year. The hospital grounds had been planted Both had served in this capacity at the with 200 apple, 50 cherry and 1000 orna hospital in : Mt. ~1?1easant ,forrseve:eal mental trees. years previous. Dr, Willis Butterfield was elected as In 1871 construction resumed. sistant physician at a salary of $900.00 per year on the strength of satisfactory 1872 recommendations as to his education, abilities, acquirements and good moral A cistern was constructed so as not to character. waste water running from the roof when it rained. Capacity 2000 barrels. 1873 A bake oven built in the bakeshop large enough to bake bread for 600 persons. Before completion, the plan of the hos pital contemplated the construction of a Washing machine with wringers was pur main center building (five stories high) chased along with washing, boiling and with two wings each three stories high rinsing tubs made. with five attic wards provided in wings on the fourth floor. One wing for fe The Ten~h General Assembly provided for male and the other wing for male pat a Board of Trustees to have the general ients. One ward each on the fourth and supervision of the hospital upon its fifth floors of the main b~ilding with a completion. Original board members total accomodation for 500 patients with were: Mr. Maturin L. Fisher, President; all necess*ry apparatus, machinery, and 1 appointments for cooking, warming, wash placed here partly for seclusion, arid ing and ventilation. are not on exhibition. I believe that humanity and the best.interests of the Trustees hired Mr. George Ec1es as en patients demand that there should be no gineer at a salary of $60 per month; Mr. visiting of the wards of the hospital by Charles Hartwell, apothecary and super~ people who can show no better reason visor of male wards at a salary of $400 than curiosity for their visit." A dir per year and Miss Mary Sisson, female ect quote from the Supe:rintendent' s supervisor at a salary of $30 per month. report. Seamstress and mattress-maker employed Persons from the counties of Dubuque, to make mattresses and bedding for pat- Buchanan, Black Hawk, Clayton, Fayette, ients prior to opening date. Bremer, Butler, Floyd, Chickasaw, Mit chell, Howard, Winneshiek, Allamakee, May lst ••• The hospital opened for recep Jackson, Jones, Linn, Tama, Benton, tion of patients. Only two sections of Grundy, Hardin, Hamilton, Wright, Frank the north wing and parts of the main lin, Hancock, Cerro Gordo, Winnebago center section were completed, Capacity and Worth were admitted. was only 150 patients, Chapel services were held every Sabbath Trustees fixed the price of board and afternoon. Weekly dances were held in care of eaeh patient at $3.20 per week, the chapel and ward amusements have been the highest charge permitted by law· to checkers,.cards and music. Forty Books charge. purchased and every book has been read, some of them by as many as a dozen per From May 1st to December 1st, a total of sons. 178 patients were admitted with 26 dis charged. 123 patients were transferred The appendix of the annual report clear from Mount Pleasant. ly states: "No person should be brought to the hospital without having been "It was.feared that the·opening of a new clearly informed of his destination. If hospital would bring a large number of he is' too insane to appreciate it no visitors, but fortunately the number has harm is done: while, if some reason at no time been so great as to seriously still remains, he will understand that annoy the pa.tients or interfere with :the at least his friends intend to deal hon legitimate business of the hospital. estly with him. Nor should he be told Every day except. Sunday, we have had a that his. stay will be but a few hours or few visitors and on one or t·wo occasions days, or that he can go home when he as many as fifty have passed through pleases. Such promises give a patient a some parts of the institution between distrust of the hospital and those under the hours of two and four. They are whom he is placed, Some person should usually shown one male and one female accompany the patient, who is familiar ward, not stopping to converse with, or with the history of the case; some mem particularly to attract the attention of ber of the family if practicable. Part patients, seeing only those who are not ies in charge of patients arriving by excitable, and who would not be the sub night should remain in the city until ject of special notice or remark. Some morning creating less disturbance and unreasonable persons are wont to insist inconvenience~" on seeing the '"orst cases', and those in cells, etc. and are unwilling to be From Dr .. Reynold 1 s report, •••.. "Of those lieve we have none so confined, and for sent to the hospital during the first getting too often that patients are two months oL ,f.hej:r illness, three- 2 fourths recover, and those, the duration formerly used for construction now con of whose insanity has been more than one verted into an ice-house. year, but one in four recover, is the best reason why there should be hospital Amusements: During fall and winter sea accomodation for every insane person in son, dances are held. Many thanks were the State." given the "Tennesseans" and the "North Carolinians" for entertaining concerts Total expenditures to run the hospital in our chapel; The "Peak Family" and the from February 1st to November 1st was "Japanese" for their inimitable enter $19,856.58.

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