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Why Woods Hole? 1876, Joseph Sto Ry Fay Observed That There Were Sev­ Eral Places Named Hole About the Cape and Islands

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Why Woods Hole? 1876, Joseph Sto Ry Fay Observed That There Were Sev­ Eral Places Named Hole About the Cape and Islands Why Woods Hole? 1876, Joseph Sto ry Fay observed that there were sev­ eral places named hole about the Cape and islands. T hey were "Holme's Hole, Woods Hole, Q ui ck's by james Watt MavOI; jr Hole, Robinso n's Hole, Powder Hole and Burler's Hole."} Woods Hole today is a village in Falmouth. It is tucked into the southwest corner of Cape Cod on a neck of land that separates Buzza rd s Bay from Vin e­ Four of these names can be traced back to the 17th yard So und. It has good harbors that once berth ed centu ry. They present fascinat in g puzzles. What is a whal in g and clipper ships and are now used by ferry hol e? Who were Wood, Q ui ck, Robinson an d But­ term in als. a Coast Guard base and several renowned ler? Was Ho mes a real person o r a riri e? Was Powder scientific insr irurion s. Woods Hole is also th e name Hole named because of an ex pl osion' How d id the of th e tidal strait between the mainland and the nea r­ beliefs and behavior of the people in the ea rly Ameri ­ es t of the Eli zabeth Islands. can colonial period affect th ese mancrs? Man y with roots in Woods Hole have been curiolls As I thought about these qu es tj ons, I tri ed to di s­ abo ut rh e ori gin aries name. Richard Backus. writ­ cern the thoughts of people on Cape Cod 350 or ing in Woods Hole Reflections in 1983, discussed more years ago when Woods Hole and other curi ­ ma ri tim e meanings of rh e word hole.l Elon Jessup, OliS names entered the histori cal record. I ex plored my uncle and futher of Ann Marrin of Woods Hole, maritim e terminology, native Ameri can legends and wrote an article entitled "What's In a Name" pub­ history, coloni al reco rds, and eve n glacial geology. lished in the New York Times on June 15, 1952.' In The chances of discoveri ng definite answers are slim , bllr maybe what is more important is the process of PhOiograph or\'(Ioods Hole Passage and the El i7.abeth Islands raken by Salley H. Mavor in 1972. 20 tryin g to bring di fferent perspecti ves to bear on the rips or currents at each end. rather [han th e sides." many puzzles that arise when we try to answer [he Nashanow, then, was the ancient Wampanoag nam e questio n, Why Woods Hole? that descri bed the islands and the holes together.'" I was struck by the grace and power of this wo rd : The Holes of Cape Cod and the Islands I found that not all names were Wampanoag. T he T he names of the holes appear to be made up of Puritans associated Maushop wi th the Devil; they English wo rds, but I did not know whether or not named Devi l's Bridge which is the rocky bottom of that was ac tually the case. Therefore, si nce most of Vineya rd Sound and the shoals off Aquinnah and the 17th century names of places we re Indian, I Cutryhunk, the remains of Maushop's attempt to started with those that appear in Wampanoag leg­ G build a bridge. •7 The Indians saw their world being ends. shaped by the forces of nature, whereas the 17th ce n­ tury colonists' faith lay in conflict between good and In the days before the fi rst white people came ac ross evil. Pl ace names refl ected these values. They we re the sea, the Wampanoag cul ture hero Maushop li ved ass igned by Puritans to replace Wampanoag names on Cape Cod. Maushop attempted to build a bridge of sacred places as part of the Puritan campaign to fro m Aquinnah (Gay Head) to Cutryhunk by plac­ C hristi anize the Wa mpanoag. O n Cape Cod, there in g huge boulders in the sea, but before he had fin­ is not onl y a Dev i!,s Bridge, but a Devil 's Ditch , a ished, a crab caught him by the heel and he was Devi!'s Dumping Ground, a Devi!'s Den, a Dev il 's obliged to stop. Maushop then threw the crab to­ As h Hea p, a Dev i!,s Heel, and a Squaw Holl ow, wa rd Nantucket Shoals, broke off a portion of where the Devil broke his apro n string' Typically, Aqu.innah, and cast it in to the sea, form ing No Man's such places have unusuaJ o r spectacul ar natural fea­ La nd. tures. Therefore. in interpreting th e names and th eir ori gins, we should be alert to their reli gious signifi­ Pukwudgees, little people who used powerful magic, ca nce . caused the yo ung so ns of Maushop to die. Maushop carried th em [Q th e waters near Saconesser (Woods I thought that by examining the phys ical landscape Hole in this context), where he heaped sa nd over on which the holes lie, I mi ght discover shared fea­ their bodies, creating small islands. He planted trees tures that would lead to an erymological source for and grasses on the graves of his so ns. T he islands the names. Woods, Q uicks and Robinso ns Holes are became Nanomesset, Kataymuck and Uckatimes t natural, rocky. water passages o r straits. They were Neck, Peschameeset, Nashawena, Cutryhunk and crea ted during the past few th ousand years by wave Penikese. There are today seven major islands whereas erosion which cut through the glac ial moraine that Maushop had but fi ve so ns. T his probabl y refl ects forms the geological structu re of Cape Cod and the 17th century or earlier conditions when Naushon islands. The straits separate the Eli zabeth Islands, and Uncatena we re o ne and C uttyhunk and which stretch in a chain fo r 15 miles southwest fro m Nashawena we re joined. The group of islands, call ed Woods Hole at the so uthwes tern tip of Cape Cod. Eli za beth by the Engli sh , was known by the Woods H ole passage se parates Unca tena and Wampanoags as Nashanow. T his wo rd was deri ved Nonamessett Islands fro m the mainland. It has the fro m Nash C hawan which mea ns "between the ti de stro ngest cidal currents in the area. Robinsons H ole 21 -- ----------, Nomans Land Map of somhelStern Massachuscns showing (h e ex rcnr of Wampanoag M:mo rnc( in 1654. Bbck area is Manomet. DOffed line shows boundary bcrween J>lymouth Colony and Mayhew's isla nd co lony. also cla imed by the Duke of York and rhe Netherlands. 22 is between Naushon and Pasque Islands; Quicks Hole Blider's Hole still exists. It is a dee p wa ter channel se parates Pasque from Nashawena. wirh among ridal currem rhrough rh e shining sa nds off Monomoy Po inr. It gives rhe princi pal eas tern These rhree maits are all noted for m ong tidal cur­ access for shipping (0 Nantucket Sound from the rems which move rhe sea between Vineyard Sound open ocean. and Buzzards Bay, and rh ey have long been known as holes. The mos t southwesterly passage, Canapitset Southern Cape Cod and rhe islands are known for channel, separates Nashawena from C uttyhunk Is­ their m ong currem s, but all of rhe six places called land, but is very narrow and barely nav igable. Per­ hole have in common mat th ere th e water runs fas t haps ir did not exist in rhe J h h century when rh e in a deep place adjacent (0 land or shall ows. orh er passages were being named. T here is another mari time meaning of hole whi ch is Homes Hole on Marrha's Vineyard is rhe oldes t very much a parr of rhe topography of Cape Cod named hole in rh e region. The name was changed and rhe islands, the glacial ke trle. These depressions co Holmes Hole in the J 840s, and rhen co Vineyard formed by rhe weight of great blocks of ice left by Haven in 187 1 when res idents resem ed rhe indig­ the receding glaciers are noticed principally on rhe nity of hailing fro m a "hole" and considered Vine­ land as rh e counrerpoim of rhe knobs or hills. But yard Haven a morc "euphoni ous and appropriate" rhey are also found on the shores and under the water, nam e.') creating small bays such as Ketde Cove and Ta rpau­ lin Cove on Naushon Island. W hy we re rhese places In rhe J h h cemury, Homes Hole referred co a large called coves, not holes? And why were rhe nearby area including rhe harbor, Lagoon Pond, rh e bluffs tidal passages called holes, not s(Cairs? of East C hop and Wes t Chop, and rhe neck ofland between rhe harbor and Lake Tashmoo. 10 Homes A survey of coasral guides, maps and nautical chans Hole could be desc ribed as a small bay, cove or inlet, reveals no holes . in th e sense of tidal straits, on rhe but it metches this dicti onary definirion. The s(Con­ Arlantic coast except on Cape Cod and rh e Eliza­ gest currem ourside of Woods Hole passage runs beth Islands.
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