The Norwegian Ferrybox network after 10 years of operation

Kai Sørensen, Are Folkestad and Pierre Jaccard. Norwegian institute for water research

19. september Kai Sørensen 1 2011 Content

• Short background • NIVA Ferrybox system • Calibration and maintenance • Chl-a fluoresence vs. Chl-a • User application

19. september Kai Sørensen 2 2011 Short background • Norwegian research project 2001-2002 – First route: - • EU project FerryBox 2003-2005 – Two new routes: Denmark-Norway, Norw. coast • EU projects DISMAR/InterRisk 2004-2006 • ESA/NSC project VAMP/SatOcean 2005 --> – One additional ship at the Norw. coast (IMR) • National monitoring projects 2006 --> – One new route in North to Svalbard – New installation in (MarLab) • MyOcean I 2009 --> MyOcean II 2012 --> • Jerico 2011 -->

19. september Kai Sørensen 3 2011 Network in Norwegian waters

19. september Kai Sørensen 4 2011 NIVAs Ferrybox system

The present design on Color Fantasy operating between Oslo and Kiel

19. september Kai Sørensen 5 2011 The Ferrybox systems on Color Fantasy between Oslo and Kiel

Deck sensors

Sensors at 4 meters depth The Ferrybox installation

Sensor systems

Sampling Pump 2 unit l/min Ferrybox sensors on Oslo-Kiel

Cyano- bacteria Temperature CDOM Salinity

Algae pH (opt)

Particles

Oxygen

SATHAV status møte 24. juni 2008 Overview of variables and routes

Color Bergensfjord Trollfjord Vesterålen Norbjørn Fantasy (- (- (Bergen- (Tromsø- (Oslo-Kiel) Bergen) Kirkenes), Kirkenes), Svalbard) Variable/installation NIVA NIVA NIVA IMR NIVA salinity water temperature water temperature Inlet oxygen oksygen inlet chlorophyll-a turbidity irradiance (PAR) radiance (sky) radiance (water) cyanobacteria cdom hydrocarbon air pressure true wind water sampler

Status In operation Semioperational Test installation Under testing

19. september Kai Sørensen 9 2011 Deck sensors and installations Downwelling irradiance Upwelling radiance Air pressure True wind

SATHAV status møte 24. juni 2008 Data transmission

• Internally on ship: Between sensor and PC or between deck sensors and PC – RS232 – Modem from deck to PC – Analog signal (turbidity) – (W)LAN (internal internet) • Externally to database at NIVA – GPRS – Internet

19. september Kai Sørensen 11 2011 NIVA web portal for Ferrybox and satellite data (www.ferrybox.no)

19. september Kai Sørensen 12 2011 The coverage through 10 years of operation - NIVA ships

Water bodies/areas Port start Port end Freq. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Eastern , Oslofjord Oslo Hirtshals Daily CF CF CF CF CF CF PR Eastern Skagerrak, Oslofjord Oslo Fredrikshavn Daily CF CF Eastern Skagerrak, Oslofjord, , Kiel Bight Oslo Kiel Sec FA FA FA North Sea (central) Bergen Newcastle 3/week FN FN Western Skagerrak, Norwegian coast/fjords (North Sea) Bergen Hanstholm 3/week PR BF Western Skagerrak, Norwegian coast/fjords (North Sea) Bergen Hirtshals 3/week BF BF North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Atlantic Ocean Bergen Weekly NO North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Atlantic Ocean Esbjerg Iceland Weekly NO NO Barents Sea/ Arctic Ocean Tromsø Longyearbyen 1/week NB NB NB Norwegian coast/fjords (North Sea, Norw. Sea, Barents Sea) Bergen Kirkenes Weekly TF TF TF TF TF TF TF

PR = Prinsesse Ragnhild CF = Color Festival NB = Norbjørn BF = Bergensfjord FA = Color Fantasy FN = Fjord Norway NO = Norrøna TF = Trollfjord

19. september Kai Sørensen 13 2011 Maintenance and calibration of the core sensors and system

19. september Kai Sørensen 14 2011 Maintenance • Airjet cleaning of all optical sensor – In harbours (1x/day) • Manual cleaning of all sensors – Biweekly/weekly wash with tap water • Backflushing with tap water of inlet valve – Min 2-3x/year cleaning of inlet/outlet valves – Acid cleaning when needed • Irradiance/radiance sensors – Cleaning and control 3-4x/year

19. september Kai Sørensen 15 2011 Calibration and controls • Salinity/temperature – Controll samples minimum 2-4x/year – Factory calibration when needed (every 2 years) • Oxygen – Winkler (in harbour/at sea) 4-6x/year ? • Turbidity – Formazin turbidity standards 1-2x/year • Chlorophyll-a fluorescence – Algal culture yealy – Water samples montly/weekly • Irradiance/radiance sensor – FieldCal lamp 3-4x/year – Yearly control at NIVA - NIST reference lamp – Factory or external calibration when needed 19. september Kai Sørensen 16 2011 Ferrybox timeseries and important datasets

19. september Kai Sørensen 17 2011 Oslo Chlorophyll-a fluoresence in the Oslofjord in 2004

19. september Kai Sørensen 18 2011 Inner Oslofjord for 2002-2010

19. september Kai Sørensen 19 2011 Chl-a_fl vs Chl-a_hplc for 6 years of data in the Skagerrak

19. september Kai Sørensen 20 2011 Chl-a_Fl/Chl-a ratio for 6 years of data in the Skagerrak

19. september Kai Sørensen 21 2011 Chl-a_fl/Chl-a and Chl-a

19. september Kai Sørensen 22 2011 User application

19. september Kai Sørensen 23 2011 High frequent measurements

NORWAY

compared to routine sampling Jomfruland

SWEDEN

Arenbdal St. 2/3 Lista 20 Chl-a (mg/m3) 15 Sampling from Ferrybox

10 Sampling from traditional research cruises/monitoring program

5

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Juni Juli Aug Sep Okt Nov Des

19. september Kai Sørensen 24 2011 Validation of the chlorophyll-a fluorescence with monitoring data

19. september Kai Sørensen 25 2011 Satellite validation in the Barents Sea

MERIS RR L2 RGB 11 August 2011 24°E Acq. Time 11:29UTC Coccolith bloom

73°N

72°N 18°E 71°N

19. september Kai Sørensen 26 2011 Satellite and ship measured reflectance

MERIS RR L2 RGB 11 August 2011 Acq. Time 11:29UTC

19. september Kai Sørensen 27 2011 WRD in the Trondheimsfjord

Combining data from Ferrybox with local monitoring data and satellite data. Zolt et.al. In press

19. september Kai Sørensen 28 2011 Summary • 10 years of developments of the systems has given a high quality operational oceanographic observing system for e.g. GMES • The Ferrybox system has proven to be a cost- effective observing system • Ferrybox data set has and will give insight in topics of high scientific value • User application are developed and are under implementation within national monitoring, WFD and satellite validation.

19. september Kai Sørensen 29 2011