DOCSLIB.ORG

The Complete Plastid Genome of Artocarpus Camansi: a High Degree of Conservation of the Plastome Structure in the Family Moraceae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Complete Plastid Genome of Artocarpus Camansi: a High Degree of Conservation of the Plastome Structure in the Family Moraceae The complete plastid genome of Artocarpus camansi: a high degree of conservation of the plastome structure in the family Moraceae Ueric José Borges de Souza1, Luciana Cristina Vitorino2*, Layara Alexandre Bessa2, Fabiano Guimarães Silva2 1 Graduate Program in the Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Legal Amazon Region – BIONORTE, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, Avenue NS-15, Quadra 109, Plano Diretor Norte, 77001-090, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil; [email protected] (U.J.B.S.). 2 Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Instituto Federal Goiano campus Rio Verde, Highway Sul Goiana, Km 01, 75901-970, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil; [email protected] (L.C.V), [email protected] (L.A.B) and [email protected] (F.G.S.). * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55 64 36205600 (L.C.V) Figure S1. Genome sequencing coverage distribution of all reads that aligned in the in A. camansi plastid genome. Table S1. Accession number and sampled plastid genomes obtained from GenBank. Species Accession Genome Size GC (%) Moraceae Artocarpus camansi MW149075 160,096 bp 36.0% Artocarpus heterophyllus MK303549.1 160,389 bp 36.1% Antiaris toxicaria NC_042884.1 161,412 bp 35.9% Broussonetia kaempferi NC_047183.1 160,625 bp 35.6% Broussonetia kurzii NC_041637.1 162,170 bp 35.7% Broussonetia luzonica NC_047180.1 162,594 bp 35.7% Broussonetia monoica NC_047181.1 160,777 bp 35.8% Ficus carica NC_035237.1 160,602 bp 35.9% Ficus racemosa NC_028185.1 159,473 bp 35.9% Ficus religiosa NC_033979.1 160,627 bp 35.9% Morus celtidifolia NC_047236.1 159,485 bp 36.1% Morus indica NC_008359.1 158,484 bp 36.4% Morus mongolica NC_025772.2 158,459 bp 36.3% Morus notabilis NC_027110.1 158,680 bp 36.4% Malaisia scandens NC_047182.1 161,313 bp 35.9% Rhamnaceae Berchemia berchemiifolia NC_037477.1 160,410 bp 37.2% Berchemiella wilsonii NC_043912.1 160,076 bp 37.2% Rhamnus taquetii NC_045855.1 161,205 bp 37.1% Ziziphus jujuba NC_030299.1 161,466 bp 36.8% Ziziphus mauritiana NC_037151.1 161,543 bp 36.8% Ziziphus spina-christi NC_037152.1 161,615 bp 36.8% Cannabaceae Aphananthe aspera NC_039726.1 157,687 bp 36.4% Cannabis sativa cultivar Yoruba NC_027223.1 153,854 bp 36.7% Cannabis sativa cultivar Carmagnola NC_026562.1 153,871 bp 36.7% Celtis biondii NC_039727.1 159,001 bp 36.3% Celtis sinensis NC_048498.1 159,092 bp 36.3% Chaetachme aristata NC_039728.1 157,939 bp 36.1% Gironniera subaequalis NC_039729.1 157,807 bp 36.3% Humulus lupulus NC_028032.1 153,751 bp 36.8% Humulus scandens NC_039730.1 153,776 bp 36.9% Lozanella enantiophylla NC_039731.1 156,711 bp 36.6% Parasponia rugosa NC_039732.1 157,434 bp 36.3% Pteroceltis tatarinowii NC_039733.1 158,504 bp 36.3% Trema orientalis NC_039734.1 157,192 bp 36.3% Outgroup - Fabaceae Glycine soja NC_022868.1 152,217 bp 35.4% Vigna unguiculata NC_018051.1 152,415 bp 35.2% Table S2. Base composition of the Artocarpus camansi plastid genome. Regions A (%) T (U) (%) C (%) G (%) Length (bp) Genome 31.5 32.5 18.3 17.7 160,096 LSC 32.3 34.1 17.3 16.4 88,745 SSC 35.7 35.4 14.9 13.9 19,883 IR 28.6 28.7 20.6 22.1 25,734 Protein coding genes 31.1 31.9 17.2 19.9 69,204 *79 different genes 1st position 31.1 24.2 18.5 26.2 23,068 2nd position 29.5 33.5 19.7 17.4 23,068 3rd position 32.7 37.9 13.3 16.1 23,068 Table S 3. Genes with one or two introns in the Artocarpus camansi plastid genome, including the exon and intron length. Exon I Intron I Exon II Intron II Exon III Gene name Location (bp) (bp) (bp) (bp) (bp) rps16 LSC 42 933 228 - - atpF LSC 159 718 411 - - rpoC1 LSC 432 800 1,623 - - petB LSC 6 805 642 - - petD LSC 9 742 477 - - rpl16 LSC 399 1,107 9 - - rpl2 IR 390 685 435 - - ndhB IR 777 685 756 - - ndhA SSC 552 1,157 540 - - ycf3 LSC 126 845 228 758 153 clpP LSC 69 892 294 697 228 rps12 IR 114 232 536 26 trnK-UUU LSC 35 2,556 37 - - trnG-UCC LSC 23 725 48 - - trnL-UAA LSC 35 501 50 - - trnV-UAC LSC 37 617 37 - - trnA-UGC IR 38 802 35 - - trnI-GAU IR 42 939 35 - - Table S4. The Ka, Ks and Ka/Ks ratio of A. camansi and A. heterophyllus plastid genome for individual genes and region. Gene groups Gene Ka Ks Ka/Ks Region rpl33 0,0268 0,02210 1,21267 LSC rpl20 0,027 0,0117 2,2991 LSC rpl36 0 0 0 LSC rpl14 0,004 0,0114 0,315789 LSC Large subunit of ribosomal proteins rpl16 0,007 0,0192 0,34375 LSC rpl2 0,007 0,0096 0,677083 IR rpl22 0,011 0,0452 0,234513 LSC rpl23 0 0 0 IR rpl32 0,025 0 0 SSC rps16 0,005 0 0 LSC rps2 0,007 0,0123 0,601626 LSC rps14 0 0 0 LSC rps4 0,004 0 0 LSC rps18 0,004 0 0 LSC rps11 0 0,0492 0 LSC Small subunit of ribosomal proteins rps8 0,016 0 0 LSC rps3 0,01 0,0073 1,356164 LSC rps19 0,033 0,0164 2,036585 LSC rps7 0 0 0 IR rps12 0 0,0105 0 IR rps15 0,01 0,0342 0,280702 SSC rpoC2 0,007 0,0063 1,095238 LSC rpoC1 0,003 0,0063 0,507937 LSC DNA-dependent RNA polymerase rpoB 0,006 0,0121 0,471074 LSC rpoA 0,005 0,0047 1,148936 LSC psaB 6E-04 0,012 0,05 LSC psaA 0 0,0095 0 LSC Photosystem I psaI 0,013 0 0 LSC psaJ 0 0 0 LSC psaC 0 0 0 SSC psbA 0,001 0,0121 0,099174 LSC psbK 0 0,0247 0 LSC psbI 0,013 0 0 LSC psbM 0 0 0 LSC psbD 0,001 0,0081 0,148148 LSC psbC 9E-04 0,0029 0,310345 LSC psbZ 0 0 0 LSC Photosystem II psbJ 0 0 0 LSC psbL 0,013 0 0 LSC psbF 0 0 0 LSC psbE 0 0 0 LSC psbB 0 0,0138 0 LSC psbT 0 0,0864 0 LSC psbN 0 0 0 LSC psbH 0 0 0 LSC ndhJ 0 0 0 LSC ndhK 0 0,0059 0 LSC ndhC 0,007 0,0242 0,301653 LSC ndhB 9E-04 0 0 IR ndhF 0,009 0,0193 0,476684 IR/SSC NADH dehydrogenase ndhD 0,005 0,0056 0,946429 SSC ndhE 0 0,0143 0 SSC ndhG 0,003 0,0078 0,320513 SSC ndhI 0,003 0,0178 0,146067 SSC ndhA 0,004 0,0152 0,243421 SSC ndhH 0,002 0,019 0,115789 SSC petN 0 0 0 LSC Cytochrome b/f complex petA 0,003 0,0088 0,306818 LSC petL 0,015 0 0 LSC petG 0 0 0 LSC petB 0,002 0,0392 0,053571 LSC petD 0,011 0,0172 0,645349 LSC atpA 0,004 0,0109 0,40367 LSC atpF 0,009 0 0 LSC atpH 0 0 0 LSC ATP synthase atpI 0,002 0,0111 0,162162 LSC atpE 0,003 0 0 LSC atpB 9E-04 0 0 LSC RubisCo large subunit rbcL 9E-04 0,0266 0,033835 LSC Maturase K matK 0,008 0,0119 0,655462 LSC Envelope membrane protein cemA 0 0,0339 0 LSC Subunit of acetyl-CoAcarboxylase accD 0,005 0,0097 0,525773 LSC C-type cytochrome synthesis gene ccsA 0,005 0,014 0,378571 SSC Protease clpP 0,009 0,0073 1,232877 LSC ycf3 0,003 0,0085 0,305882 LSC ycf4 0,015 0,008 1,8125 LSC Conserved hypothetical chloroplast open reading frames ycf2 0,004 0,002 1,8 IR ycf1 0,001 0,0046 0,282609 IR/SSC ycf15 0,014 0,0212 0,675 IR .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Antiaris Toxicaria Moraceae
    Antiaris toxicaria Moraceae Indigenous Trade names: Antiaris, false iroko, false mvule, kirundo, upas tree. Common names: Ateso: Eloa Kwamba: Kesuba, kisuba Luganda: Kirundu Lugi- shu: Lulundu Lugwe: Mulundulundu Lunyuli: Musende Luo A: Olivaa Luo L: Elwa Madi: Ripi Runyankore: Mumaka Rutoro: Muhere, mbondo. Ecology: A forest tree with 3 varieties not clearly distinguished, especially when young. While one is found largely in wooded grassland, the others grow in rain forest, wetter forest, riverine and semi-swamp forests west to Sierra Leone, into southern Sudan and south to Zaire and Angola. It grows in all regions of Uganda except the North Eastern, 1,350-1,700 m. Uses: Timber (veneer, beer canoes), medicine (leaves, roots), bark cloth. Description: A magnificent deciduous tree of the forest canopy, often 20 m, up to 40 m, the crown rounded, branchlets drooping. A large tree may have a tall clear bole with some buttresses at the base. BARK: smooth, pale grey, marked with lenticel dots and ring marks. When cut thin cream latex drips out, becoming darker. LEAVES: variable, usually oval 5-16 cm x 4-11 cm, the upper half often widest to a blunt or pointed tip, the base unequal and rounded. Saplings and coppice shoots have long narrow leaves, the edge toothed—but rare in mature leaves. Leaves are rough, papery with stiff hairs above but softer below. FLOWERS: small male flowers, yellow-green, in clusters about 1.5 cm across, growing just below leaves. Female flowers in disc- or kidney- shaped heads to 3 cm across. FRUIT: bright red, dull and furry, 1.5 cm long, the swollen receptacle contains just one seed.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Mulberry
    Invasive plant risk assessment Biosecurity Queensland Agriculture Fisheries and Department of Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera Steve Csurhes First published 2012 Updated 2016 Invasive species risk assessment: Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera 2 Contents Summary 4 Introduction 5 Identity and taxonomy 5 Description 5 Reproduction and dispersal 6 Origin and distribution 6 Status in Queensland 7 Preferred habitat 8 History as a weed elsewhere 9 Uses 9 Pest potential in Queensland 10 References 11 Invasive species risk assessment: Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera 3 Summary Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) is a fast-growing tree native to Taiwan and Japan. Paper mulberry has a well-documented history as a significant pest overseas, especially in Pakistan, Uganda, Ghana and Argentina. Extensive naturalised populations exist in the eastern United States, parts of Asia, Europe, Africa, North and South America, and across the Pacific Currently, paper mulberry is sparingly naturalised in Queensland. Populations have been detected in Brisbane and coastal northern Queensland. Based on the evidence presented in this study, it seems reasonable to predict that paper mulberry could develop into a significant problem in subtropical coastal and subcoastal areas of Queensland. Within these areas, habitats most at risk are predicted to include riparian areas; semi-deciduous vine thickets/dry rainforest; closed forest margins/gaps; and disturbed, open sites, generally where there is relatively well-drained, fertile soil. In these habitats, paper mulberry could form dense thickets, perhaps replacing native vegetation and interfering with natural succession. If planted on grazing land, these thickets could replace pasture grasses. It is not expected to impact crops. Its pollen can cause significant allergy problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Broussonetia Papyrifera Moraceae (L.) Vent
    Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Moraceae paper mulberry LOCAL NAMES Burmese (malaing); English (paper mulberry tree,paper mulberry); French (mûrier à papier,murier a papier); German (papiermaulbeerbaum); Hindi (kachnar); Indonesian (saeh); Italian (gelso papirifero del giappone,moro della China); Japanese (aka,kodzu,kename kowso,pokasa,aka kowso); Portuguese (amoreira do papel); Spanish (morera de papel); Tongan (hiapo); Trade name (paper mulberry) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION B. papyrifera is a small tree or shrub which grows naturally in Asian and Male inflorescences (Gerald D. Carr, pacific countries (Thailand, China, Myanmar, Laos, Japan, Korea). It University of Hawaii, grows to 21 m high and 70 cm dbh, with a round and spreading crown. www.forestryimages.org) The spreading, grey-brown branches, marked with stipular scars are brittle, making it susceptible to wind damage. The bark is light grey, smooth, with shallow fissures or ridges. Leaves alternate or sub-opposite, mulberry-like and papery. Some leaves are distinctly deep lobed, while others are un-lobed and several different shapes of leaves may appear on the same shoot. Petioles are 3-10 cm long while stipules are 1.6-2.0 cm long. Male flower 3.5-7.5 cm long, yellowish-white, with pendulous catkin-like spikes; perianth campanulate, hairy, 4-fid, and its segments are valvate. Habit at Keanae Arboretum Maui, Hawaii (Forest & Kim Starr) Female flowers in rounded clusters, globose pedunculate heads about 1.3 cm in diameter; persistent, hairy, clavate bracts subtend flowers. Fruit shiny-reddish, fleshy, globose and compound with the achenes 1-2 cm long and wide hanging on long fleshy stalks.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Locality of Antiaris Toxicaria Subsp. Macrophylla (Moraceae) in the Andaman Islands, India, with a Note on Its Conservation
    J. Jpn. Bot. 85: 350–357 (2010) A New Locality of Antiaris toxicaria subsp. macrophylla (Moraceae) in the Andaman Islands, India, with a Note on Its Conservation a, a b G. K. upadhyay *, S. K. srivastava and A. A. ansari aCentral National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah-711 103, West Bengal, INDIA; bSikkim Himalayan Circle, Botanical Survey of India, Gangtok-737103, Sikkim, INDIA *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Received on January 12, 2010) The present paper reports an extended distribution of Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. subsp. macrophylla (R. Br.) C. C. Berg (Moraceae) to the Andaman Islands, India. Detailed description, geographical distribution, notes on ecology, photograph of herbarium sheet, and line drawings of this taxon are provided to facilitate easy identification in the field and herbarium. Key words: Andaman Islands, Antiaris toxicaria subsp. macrophylla, conservation, India, Moraceae, new locality. The genus Antiaris Lesch. (Moraceae) is same time he upgraded Corner’s two varieties widely distributed in continental tropical Africa, of A. toxicaria to the subspecific rank, subspp. Yemen, Madagascar, and from Sri Lanka to macrophylla (R. Br.) C. C. Berg and welwitschii Tonga covering countries from Malesia to (Engl.) C. C. Berg. In India, subsp. toxicaria the South-West Pacific Polynesia, Melanesia, has so far been reported from Andaman Islands, Oceania and China (Kochummen 1978, Chew Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, 1989, Wu et al. 2003, Berg et al. 2006). Corner Kerala and Tamil Nadu (Ravikumar and Sankar (1962) revised this genus and he reduced 2009). seventeen species formerly described to four During the course of a revision of Moraceae species, A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Castilleae, a Tribe of the Moraceae, Renamed and Redefined Due to the Exclusion of the Type Genus Olmedia From
    Bot. Neerl. Ada 26(1), February 1977, p. 73-82, The Castilleae, a tribe of the Moraceae, renamed and redefined due to the exclusion of the type genus Olmedia from the “Olmedieae” C.C. Berg Instituut voor Systematische Plantkunde, Utrecht SUMMARY New data on in the of Moraceae which known cladoptosis group was up to now as the tribe Olmedieae led to a reconsideration ofthe position ofOlmedia, and Antiaropsis , Sparattosyce. The remainder ofthe tribe is redefined and is named Castilleae. 1. INTRODUCTION The monotypic genus Olmedia occupies an isolated position within the neo- tropical Olmedieae. Its staminate flowers have valvate tepals, inflexed stamens springing back elastically at anthesis, and sometimes well-developed pistil- lodes. Current anatomical research on the wood of Moraceae (by Dr. A. M. W. Mennega) and recent field studies (by the present author) revealed that Olmedia is also distinct in anatomical characters of the wood and because of the lack of self-pruning branches. These differences between Olmedia and the other representatives of the tribe demand for reconsideration of the position of the genus and the deliminationof the tribe. The Olmedia described The genus was by Ruiz & Pavon (1794). original description mentioned that the stamens bend outward elastically at anthesis. Nevertheless it was placed in the “Artocarpeae” (cf. Endlicher 1836-1840; Trecul 1847), whereas it should have been placed in the “Moreae” on ac- of of count the characters the stamens which were rather exclusively used for separating the two taxa. Remarkably Trecul (1847) in his careful study on the “Artocarpeae” disregarded the (described) features of the stamens.
    [Show full text]
  • Bengal Slow Loris from Madhupur National Park, Bangladesh
    47 Asian Primates Journal 9(1), 2021 EXTIRPATED OR IGNORED? FIRST EVIDENCE OF BENGAL SLOW LORIS Nycticebus bengalensis FROM MADHUPUR NATIONAL PARK, BANGLADESH Tanvir Ahmed1* and Md Abdur Rahman Rupom2 1 Wildlife Research and Conservation Unit, Nature Conservation Management (NACOM), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Holding No. 1230, Masterpara, Madhupur 1996, Tangail, Dhaka, Bangladesh. E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author ABSTRACT We report the first verifiable record of globally Endangered Bengal Slow LorisNycticebus bengalensis in Madhupur National Park, an old-growth natural Sal Shorea robusta forest in north-central Bangladesh. On 21 October 2020, we sighted a male N. bengalensis in Madhupur National Park by chance while recording videos on the forest’s biodiversity. For three decades, N. bengalensis was believed to have been extirpated from the Sal forests in Bangladesh, in the absence of a specialized nocturnal survey. Given the alarming state of extreme habitat alterations due to human activities and other threats to N. bengalensis in Bangladesh, an assessment of its distribution and population status in Sal forests is crucial for conservation planning. Keywords: Distribution, Nycticebus bengalensis, slow loris, strepsirrhine, tropical moist deciduous forest Bengal Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis author encountered an adult male N. bengalensis in (Lacépède) is an arboreal strepsirrhine primate native a roadside bamboo Bambusa sp. clump near Lohoria to Bangladesh, north-eastern India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Deer Breeding Centre at Lohoria Beat (24°41’44.7”N, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR and Viet Nam 90°06’21.1”E; Fig. 2). A group of Macaca mulatta (Nekaris et al., 2020).
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeography, Phylogeny and Divergence Date Estimates of Artocarpus (Moraceae)
    Annals of Botany 119: 611–627, 2017 doi:10.1093/aob/mcw249, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Out of Borneo: biogeography, phylogeny and divergence date estimates of Artocarpus (Moraceae) Evelyn W. Williams1,*, Elliot M. Gardner1,2, Robert Harris III2,†, Arunrat Chaveerach3, Joan T. Pereira4 and Nyree J. C. Zerega1,2,* 1Chicago Botanic Garden, Plant Science and Conservation, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA, 2Northwestern University, Plant Biology and Conservation Program, 2205 Tech Dr., Evanston, IL 60208, USA, 3Faculty of Science, Genetics Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aob/article/119/4/611/2884288 by guest on 03 January 2021 and Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Highway, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand and 4Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, PO Box 407, 90715 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected], [email protected] †Present address: Carleton College, Biology Department, One North College St., Northfield, MN 55057, USA. Received: 25 March 2016 Returned for revision: 1 August 2016 Editorial decision: 3 November 2016 Published electronically: 10 January 2017 Background and Aims The breadfruit genus (Artocarpus, Moraceae) includes valuable underutilized fruit tree crops with a centre of diversity in Southeast Asia. It belongs to the monophyletic tribe Artocarpeae, whose only other members include two small neotropical genera. This study aimed to reconstruct the phylogeny, estimate diver- gence dates and infer ancestral ranges of Artocarpeae, especially Artocarpus, to better understand spatial and tem- poral evolutionary relationships and dispersal patterns in a geologically complex region. Methods To investigate the phylogeny and biogeography of Artocarpeae, this study used Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches to analyze DNA sequences from six plastid and two nuclear regions from 75% of Artocarpus species, both neotropical Artocarpeae genera, and members of all other Moraceae tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam
    A Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. M.K. HOSSAIN and T.K. NATH Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences Chittagong University, Bangladesh MORACEAE (MULBERRY FAMILY) Artocarpus philippensis, A. brasilliensis, A. maxima Apushpa, ashaya, banun, chakki, champa, herali, jack, jackfruit, kanthal, khanon, khnor, kos, langka, makmi, miij, miijhnang, mit, nangka, pagal, pala, palasu, palavu, panas, panasa, panasam, peignai, pila, waraka, wela (Alam and others 1985, Brandis 1906, Gamble 1922, Gunasena 1993, Jensen 1995) Artocarpus heterophyllus is the most widespread species of the many ways superior to teak (Tectona grandis) (Howard 1951). genus. It forms forest associations with homesteads (Leuschn- However, its strength is 75 to 80 percent that of teak (Wealth er and Khaleque 1987, Topark-Ngarm 1990), tropical rain of India 1985). Roots of old trees are greatly prized for wood forests, dry evergreen forests, and the montane vegetation of carving and picture framing (Morton 1965). Though heart- mountain groups (Gunasena 1993). Artocarpus heterophyllus wood is resistant to borer and termite attack, sapwood is high- grows in the evergreen forests of the western hills of India, Sri ly susceptible to borer attack and perishes easily. Penetration Lanka, and the Deccan plain of Bangladesh (Alam and others of preservative is difficult but the wood seasons quickly. The 1985, Chopra and others 1963). It is normally found in associ- fruit of A. heterophyllus is popular among the rural people of ation with permanent human settlement throughout the Indi- the Indian subcontinent. It enjoys special favor in some home an subcontinent, Bangladesh, the coast of east Africa, Myan- gardens because it has numerous culinary uses and is abundant mar, northern Brazil, Jamaica, and Surinam (Alam and others during the heavy monsoon rains.
    [Show full text]
  • Phayre's Langur in Satchari National Park, Bangladesh
    10 Asian Primates Journal 9(1), 2021 STATUS OF PHAYRE’S LANGUR Trachypithecus phayrei IN SATCHARI NATIONAL PARK, BANGLADESH Hassan Al-Razi1 and Habibon Naher2* Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, 9-11 Chittaranjan Avenue, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.1Email: chayan1999@ yahoo.com, 2Email: [email protected]. *Corresponding author ABSTRACT We studied the population status of Phayre’s Langur in Satchari National Park, Bangladesh, and threats to this population, from January to December 2016. We recorded 23 individuals in three groups. Group size ranged from four to 12 (mean 7.7±4.0) individuals; all groups contained a single adult male, 1–4 females and 2–7 immature individuals (subadults, juveniles and infants). Habitat encroachment for expansion of lemon orchards by the Tipra ethnic community and habitat degradation due to logging and firewood collection are the main threats to the primates. Road mortality, electrocution and tourist activities were additional causes of stress and mortality. Participatory work and awareness programmes with the Tipra community or generation of alternative income sources may reduce the dependency of local people on forest resources. Strict implementation of the rules and regulations of the Bangladesh Wildlife (Security and Conservation) Act 2012 can limit habitat encroachment and illegal logging, which should help in the conservation of this species. Key Words: Group composition, habitat encroachment, Satchari National Park. INTRODUCTION Phayre’s Langur (Phayre’s Leaf Monkey, Spectacled (1986) recorded 15 Phayre’s Langur groups comprising Langur) Trachypithecus phayrei (Blyth) occurs in 205 individuals in the north-east and south-east of Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar (Bleisch et al., Bangladesh.
    [Show full text]
  • Precious Plants of Hawaiʻi
    Pu‘uhonua o Hōnaunau U.S. Dept. of the Interior National Historical Park National Park Service Lā‘au Makamae o Hawai‘i Precious Plants of Hawai‘i Polynesians brought many precious items with them on their long journeys of two-way voyaging to Hawai‘i. These “canoe plants” ensured the survival of their people and played a vital role in every aspect of life. Noni Polynesian Introduced: Brought to Hawai‘i by Indian Mulberry Polynesians on canoes. Morinda citrifolia Indigenous: Found in Hawai‘i and elsewhere Polynesian Introduced on Earth. This medicinal plant Endemic: Evolved in Hawai‘i and found was used to treat nowhere else on Earth wounds, boils, bone fractures, and sore Mai‘a muscles. The roots and Banana bark make red and Musa acuminata yellow dye for kapa Polynesian Introduced (barkcloth). This large herb produces edible fruits, cooked or Kukui given as ho‘okupu Candlenut (offerings) at heiau Aleurites moluccana (temples). Most bananas Polynesian Introduced Kukui kernels fueled were kapu (forbidden) to Hawaiian torches and women. Banana leaves candles. The nuts are serve as food wrappers and roasted and eaten as a keep food clean, the juicy relish called ‘inamona. stalks are an important part Medicinally, the raw of cooking food in the imu nuts were eaten as a (earth oven). It is the plant laxative. Kukui nut oil was used as a canoe varnish. form of the god Kanaloa. Kou ‘Ulu Cordia subcordata Breadfruit Polynesian Introduced Artocarpus altilis Kou wood was prized Polynesian Introduced The large edible fruits of for food platters, bowls, ‘ulu are contain high and containers; it does amounts of vitamins B and not impart a bad taste C.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcium Crystals in the Leaves of Some Species of Moraceae
    WuBot. and Bull. Kuo-Huang Acad. Sin. (1997) Calcium 38: crystals97-104 in Moraceae 97 Calcium crystals in the leaves of some species of Moraceae Chi-Chih Wu and Ling-Long Kuo-Huang1 Department of Botany, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (Received September 19, 1996; Accepted December 2, 1996) Abstract. The type, morphology, and distribution of calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate crystals in mature leaves of nine species (eight genera) of Moraceae were studied. All the studied species contain calcium crystals. Based on types of crystals, these species can be classified into three groups: (a) species with only calcium oxalate: Artocarpus altilis and Cudrania cochinchinensis; (b) species with only calcium carbonate: Fatoua pilosa and Humulus scandens; and, (c) species with both calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate: Broussonetia papyrifera, Ficus elastica, Ficus virgata, Malaisia scandens, and Morus australis. The calcium oxalate crystals were mainly found as druses or pris- matic crystals. Druses were located in the crystal cells of both mesophyll and bundle sheath, but prismatic crystals were found only in cells of the bundle sheath. All calcium carbonate cystoliths were located in the epidermal lithocysts, and the types of lithocysts were related to the number of epidermal layers, i.e. hair-like lithocysts in uniseriate epi- dermis and papillate lithocysts in multiseriate epidermis. Keywords: Calcium oxalate crystals; Calcium carbonate crystals; Moraceae. Introduction Cudrania, Humulus, Malaisia, and Morus (Li et al., 1979). In a preliminary investigation of the Moraceae, we found In many plant species calcium crystals are commonly both calcium oxalate and carbonate crystals, which encour- formed under ordinary conditions (Arnott and Pautard, aged us to study the specific distribution of differently 1970).
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Distribution of Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera) in the Pacific
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Sex Distribution of Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) in the Pacific Johany Peñailillo1, Gabriela Olivares1, Ximena Moncada2, Claudia Payacán1, Chi-Shan Chang3, Kuo-Fang Chung4, Peter J. Matthews5, Andrea Seelenfreund6, Daniela Seelenfreund1* 1 Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2 Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile, 3 National Museum of Prehistory, Taitung 95060, Taiwan, 4 Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, 5 National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan, 6 Escuela de Antropología, Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, Santiago, Chile a11111 * [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Background OPEN ACCESS Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent) is a dioecious tree native to Citation: Peñailillo J, Olivares G, Moncada X, East Asia and mainland Southeast-Asia, introduced prehistorically to Polynesia as a source Payacán C, Chang C-S, Chung K-F, et al. (2016) Sex of bark fiber by Austronesian-speaking voyagers. In Oceania, trees are coppiced and har- Broussonetia Distribution of Paper Mulberry ( vested for production of bark-cloth, so flowering is generally unknown. A survey of botanical papyrifera) in the Pacific. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0161148. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161148 records of paper mulberry revealed a distributional disjunction: the tree is apparently absent in Borneo and the Philippines. A subsequent study of chloroplast haplotypes linked paper Editor: Kenneth M Olsen, Washington University, UNITED STATES mulberry of Remote Oceania directly to a population in southern Taiwan, distinct from known populations in mainland Southeast-Asia.
    [Show full text]