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T.A. Kostromina the LANGUAGE of MEDICINE AS a MEANS OF KURSK STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF THE LATIN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY T.A. Kostromina THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE AS A MEANS OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION (GUIDE IN THE LATIN LANGUAGE FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT) Kursk –2007 T.A. Kostromina. The language of medicine as a means of professional communication. Guide in the Latin language for foreign students of the Medical department. Readers: Sazonova T.E., professor, head of the Department of the English Language, Kursk State University. Bereznikova R.E., Ph.D., Department of The Latin Language, Kursk State Medical University. By an old tradition medical terminology – the basis for the professional language of physicians – makes use of the Greek and Latin languages as sources of term formation. International nomenclatures of a number of sciences became an inseparable part of the medical terminology in English, German, French and other languages. This allows to use terms of Greek and Latin origins as a means of international communication of physicians. In the situation of bilingualism and multilingualism the study of the Latin medical terminology may become one of the mechanisms to overcome problems occurring in the course of professional communication. It may also facilitate the process of adaptation of foreign students to a new social environment. This book is a practical course of the basics of the international language of communication of physicians for bilingual students. It starts with the study of the International Anatomic Nomenclature on the basis of the Latin grammar.Then the fundamentals of the Clinical terminology and the Nomenclature of Drugs are studied. A great deal of training exercises helps to form firm skills and habits in analysis and interpretation of medical terms. The book is intended for foreign students of the mediacal department studying their profession in English. 2 МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ КУРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ Отформатировано: Шрифт: 14 пт УНИВЕРСИТЕТ Отформатировано: Шрифт: 14 пт КАФЕДРА ЛАТИНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА И ОСНОВ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ Отформатировано: Шрифт: 14 пт Отформатировано: Шрифт: 14 пт Т.А. КОСТРОМИНА Удалено: ¶ ¶ ¶ Отформатировано: Шрифт: 16 пт Отформатировано: Шрифт: 16 пт Отформатировано: Шрифт: 16 пт Отформатировано: Шрифт: 16 пт Отформатировано: ЯЗЫК МЕДИЦИНЫ Шрифт: 18 пт КАК СРЕДСТВО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБЩЕНИЯ Отформатировано: Шрифт: 16 пт УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ «ЛАТИНСКИЙ ЯЗЫК И ОСНОВЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ» ДЛЯ ИНОСТРАННЫХ СТУДЕНТОВ ЛЕЧЕБНОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТА. (на английском языке) Курск - 2007 3 УДК 811.124:61=111(075.8) Печатается по решению Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 ББК 81.2лат. редакционно-издательского пт, полужирный Отформатировано: По ширине К–72 совета КГМУ Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 Рекомендуется Учебно-методическим объединением по медицинскому пт, полужирный и фармацевтическому образованию вузов России в качестве учебного Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 пособия для студентов, обучающихся по специальности 040100 – Лечебное пт, полужирный Отформатировано: По ширине дело. Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 Т.А. Костромина. Язык медицины как средство профессионального пт, полужирный общения. Учебное пособие по дисциплине «Латинский язык и основы Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 медицинской терминологии» для иностранных студентов лечебного пт, полужирный факультета (на английском языке). Издание 3-е дополненное Курск: КГМУ, Отформатировано: По ширине Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 2007. 184 с. пт, полужирный Удалено: ББК 81. 2 лат. ¶ Рецензенты: УДК 811. 124 : 61 = 111 (075. 8)К – 72¶ Печатается по решению Центрального Т.Е. Сазонова – доктор филологических наук, профессорб заведующая Методического Совета Курского государственного медицинского кафедрой английского языка КГУ,. университета. ¶ Р.Е. Березникова - кандидат филологических наук, доцент. кафедры Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 латинского языка КГМУ пт, полужирный Удалено: Медицинская терминология, являющаяся основой профессионального Удалено: языка врачей, традиционно использует древнегреческий и латинский языки Удалено: . как источники для образования терминов. На основе древнегреческого и Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 пт, русский (Россия) латинского языков созданы международные номенклатуры целого ряда наук, Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 они органично вошли в медицинскую терминологию английского, немецкого, пт, русский (Россия) французского и других языков. Всё это позволяет использовать термины Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 древнегреческого и латинского происхождения в качестве языка междуна- пт, русский (Россия) Удалено: T. A. KOSTROMINA. THE родного общения врачей. В условиях двуязычия и многоязычия изучение LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE AS A медицинской терминологии может служить одним из механизмов преодо- MEANS OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION. Guide in the Latin ления затруднений при профессиональном общении и облегчать процесс language for foreign students of the адаптации иностранных студентов к новой для них социальной среде. Medical department. ¶ Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 Данное пособие является практическим курсом по формированию пт, полужирный основ международного языка общения врачей у студентов-билингвов. Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 Курс начинается с изучения международной анатомо-гистологической пт, полужирный номенклатуры с привлечением элементов латинской грамматики. Затем Удалено: изучаются основы общемедицинской терминологии и номенклатура Удалено: ¶ Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 лекарственных средств. пт, полужирный Большое количество тренировочных упражнений способствует форми- Удалено: рованию у студентов устойчивых умений и навыков по анализу и переводу медицинских терминов. Пособие предназначено для иностранных студентов лечебного факультета, обучающихся на английском языке. ISBN ББК 81.2лат. Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 пт, полужирный Отформатировано: Шрифт: 13,5 пт, полужирный © Костромина Т.А., КГМУ, 2007 4 INTRODUCTION It is well known that one can master a profession only in the process of mastering the language of this profession and particularly the system of special conceptions and of the terms designating them. Hundreds of thousands of words and word combinations are included into the professional language which is considered to be one of the means of international communication of the representatives of the medical profession. The modern medical terminology is one of the most complicated term systems due to the traditional use of the Greek and Latin languages in it. In our course we shall pay attention to those elements of the Latin language, which are necessary and satisfactory for mastering the language of medicine. You will study those elements of the Latin grammar, which will help you to understand the structure of medical terms and the correlation between the words within a term. You will learn to construct medical terms according to the Latin grammar rules and to give the definitions to the scientific notions, expressed through medical terms in English. The word “term” is Latin by origin (“terminus”) and means “a limit, a boundary”. The main function of a term is to denote exactly and in a full and concrete form some conception in the field of science, technology, etc. Each scientific notion has its definition, which explains the essence of it. For example, being non specialists you will say, that “a tablet” is a drug, round in form, bitter or sweet, and so on. On the other hand, a specialist will define “a tablet” as a scientific term, and you will read here: “A tablet is a solid dosage drugform obtained by pressing and forming a special mixture of medical and additional substances”. So you see, that in a definition the language of medicine gives an exact, concrete and full description of a scientific notion, expressed through a scientific medical term. 5 “Terminology” is a system of concepts. It is a combination of names, words and combinations of words used to denote exactly and in a concrete way scientific notions in the system of concepts of a given science. The vast subsystems of terms within the medical terminology are: 1. The Terminology of Anatomy and Histology – The International Anatomo- Histological Nomenclature. 2. The Clinical Terminology (general medical terminology), which unites the terminologies of sciences concerned with the prevention, diagnostics and treatment of diseases or pathological conditions. 3. The Terminology of Pharmacy including the terminologies of the sciences concerned with the exploration, production and testing the effect of medical substances and drugs. In this course of Latin you will get acquainted with all these systems of terms and you are to begin with the study of the terms used in Anatomy. The English language of medicine has Greek and Latin words in abundance. There is a famous saying in Latin which sounds as follows: “Invia est in medicina via sine lingua Latina”, which means: “There is no way into medicine without the Latin language”. The modern language of physicians and pharmaceutists is a product of development of world medicine which lasted for centuries. As far back as in the 5th century B. C. there lived and worked in Greece the famous Hippocrates. His scientific work laid the foundation to the scientific medical terminology, which was later on developed and enriched by Aulus Cornelius Celsus in the 1st century A. D. He is considered to be the founder of the medical terminology in the Latin language. So you see that from the very beginning the medical
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