DOCSLIB.ORG

The Protective Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles and Selenium Against Paracetamol Neda Fakhr Mobasheri 1, Kahin Shahanipour 1*, Ramesh Monajemi 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Protective Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles and Selenium Against Paracetamol Neda Fakhr Mobasheri 1, Kahin Shahanipour 1*, Ramesh Monajemi 2 Nanomed. J. 5(1): 52-56, Winter 2018 RESEARCH PAPER The protective effect of selenium nanoparticles and selenium against paracetamol Neda Fakhr Mobasheri 1, Kahin Shahanipour 1*, Ramesh Monajemi 2 1Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran 2Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran ABSTRACT Objective(s): Nanotechnology has enabled researchers to synthesize nanosize particles that possess increased surface areas. Compared to conventional microparticles, it has resulted in increased interactions with biological targets.The objective of this study was to determine the protective ability of selenium nanoparticles compared to selenium against parasetamol hepatotoxicity and GPX concentration. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two male rats were used in the study, and arbitrarily assigned to six groups. There were 12 rats in each group that six rat were tested in each period. Blood samples were collected from rats for measuring liver enzymes and GPX activity. Results: The present study shows that parasetamol has a toxic effect on the liver as a result of inducing a marked oxidative damage and release of reactive oxygen species. This was shown by the significant increases in ALP, AST, ALT and LDH activity which was accom panied by significant decrease in GPX activity in the parasetamol -treated group compared to the control, selenium and selenium nanoparticles groups. There was no significant difference between selenium and selenium nanoparticles groups and two period time (15 and 30 day). Conclusion: selenium nanoparticles and selenium have protective against paracetamol. Keywords: GPX activity,Hepatotoxicity, Parasetamol, Selenium nanoparticles How to cite this article Fakhr mobasheri N, Shahanipour K, Monajemi R. The protective effect of selenium nanoparticles and selenium against paracetamol. Nanomed J. 2018; 5(1): 52-56. DOI: 10.22038/nmj.2018.05.008 INTRODUCTION Selenium was shown to reduce heavy metal Asetaminophen, the most widely used toxicities many years ago [10]. The administration analgesic in the world, causes severe hepatic of selenium has proved to be highly effective necrosis leading to acute liver failure (ALF) in preventing the toxicity to cadmium [11] and after suicidal overdoses [1-3]. Unintentional various mercuric compounds [12]. Selenium was liver injury from self-medication for pain or shown to protect against the hepatotoxic effect fever that leads to daily doses exceeding the of certain substances causing hepatic necrosis; 4 g/day package recommendations is also e.g., carbon tetrachloride [13] and bromobenzene well-recognized [4-7]. Work from Dr. Gillette’s [14]. The protective effects of selenium have been laboratory firmly established the importance of attributed to enhanced activity of glutathione metabolism in acetaminophen toxicity. It was peroxidase, which brings about the destruction of shown that acetaminophen is metabolically excess lipid peroxides by reducing them to hydroxy activated by cytochrome P450 to form a reactive acids. In this connection, it is of interest to note metabolite that covalently binds to protein; the that Eaton et aL (1980) [15] and Chung and Maines reactive metabolite was found to be N-acetyl-p- (1981) [16] have observed increased glutathione benzoquinone imine (NAPQI1), which is formed by levels in livers of rats after single doses of selenite, a direct two-electron oxidation [8-9]. suggesting the importance of this metabolic effect * Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] for detoxification reactions. Studies by Schnell Note. This manuscript was submitted on October 25, 2017; et al. (1983) [17] have shown that selenium approved on December 15, 2017 pretreatment can also inhibit in a dose-dependent This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. N. Fakhr Mobasheri et al. / Selenium nanoparticles and selenium against paracetamol manner the cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme These selenium nanoparticles also show high system in male rats. Following the administration biological activity and good absorptive ability of selenite (30µmol Se/kg) cytochrome P-450 levels due to the interaction between the nanoparticles and ethylmorphine N-demethylase activity were and −NH2, C=O, −COO, and −C−N− groups of significantly decreased in male rats. Additional proteins [20]. Studies on the biological activities of studies also showed that same pretreatment to selenium and its nanoforms revealed that hollow prolong the hypnosis of pentobarbital [17]. spherical nanoparticles of selenium have strong Recently, the introduction of nanosize antioxidant properties [21]. elemental selenium produced a highly effective Similar studies declared that nano-selenium molecular compound, and when compared with has the ability to act as an antioxidant with SeMet, it showed similar efficacy in increasing reduced risk of ordinary selenium toxicity [22]. antioxidant GPx activity while displaying lower The size of nano-selenium plays an important toxicity [18]. Nano-selenium has potent effects role in its biological activity, as 5–200 nm nano on upregulation of GPx, and it yields more Se can directly scavenge free radicals in vitro in efficacious results in the induction of glutathione a size-dependent fashion [19]. The objectives of S-transferase over the short term, but it causes this investigation were to examine the ability of less oxidative stress [19]. selenium and selenium nanoparticles to prevent 120 ** 100 ** 80 60 40 MEAN OF ALT ALT OF ACTIVITY MEAN (IU/L) 20 0 selenium + selenium Np control paracetamol selenium selenium Np paracetamol +paracetamol 15day 51.57 88 54.57 61.14 60.78 68.28 30 day 52 98 57 63 64 70 Fig 1. Average activity of an Alanine aminotransferase (ALT IU/L) in different groups. ** Indicating a significant difference (P-value<0.001) between the two time periods 250 ** 200 ** 150 100 Mean of AST (IU/L) activity (IU/L) AST of Mean 50 0 selenium + selenium Np control paracetamol selenium selenium Np paracetamol +paracetamol 15day 116.57 186.86 134.14 138 144.43 152 30 day 118 208 133 140 146 156 Fig 2. Average activity of an Aspartate amino transferase (AST IU/L) in different groups. ** Indicating a significant difference (P-value<0.001) between the two time periods Nanomed. J. 5(1): 52-56, Winter 2018 53 N. Fakhr mobasheri et al. / selenium nanoparticles and selenium against paracetamol the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and Animal treatment activity of antioxidant enzyme system to explore Seventy-two male rats were used in the study, possible mechanisms by which selenium and and arbitrarily assigned to 6 groups. Group 1 was selenium nanoparticles can produce its protective the control group, and was given phosphate- action. buffered saline. Group 2 was the Selenium-treated groups and was given 1mg/Kg Na2SeO3 weight MATERIALS AND METHODS intraperitoneally as a single dose for 15 and 30 Animals days. Group 3 was the nano-selenium-treated Young (n = 12, age 3 months) and middle aged (Iranian Nanomaterials Pioneers Co.) groups and (n = 12, age 18 months) Wistar male rats were was given selenium nanoparticles (size 10–40 nm) housed in a thermoneutral environment (22 ± 2 0.5 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally daily for 0C), on a 12: 12h photoperiod, and were provided 15 and 30 days. Group 4 was the Selenium-treated food and water as needed. This investigation groups, which received selenium 1 mg/kg for 15 was carried out in accordance with the Guide and 30 days and a single dose of paracetamol 40 for the Care and Use of Laboratory published by mg/Kg on the 5 day. Group 5 was the Selenium- the US National Institute of Health and approved treated groups, which received selenium by the institutional animal care committee (NIH nanoparticles (size 10–40 nm) for 15 and 30 days publication number 85-23, revised 1996). and a single dose of paracetamol 40 mg/Kg on 900 800 ** ** 700 600 500 * * 400 ALP (IU/L) ALP 300 200 100 0 selenium + selenium Np control paracetamol selenium selenium Np paracetamol +paracetamol 15day 562.65 732.14 442.57 516.43 479.43 511 30 day 565 745 446 523 485 518 Fig 3. Average activity of an Alkaline phosphatase (ALP IU/L) in different groups. ** Indicating a significant difference (P-value<0.001) between the two time periods. * Indicating a significant difference (P-value<0.05) between the two time periods 3000 2500 ** ** 2000 1500 1000 Mean of LDHof Mean activity (IU/L) 500 0 selenium Np selenium + control paracetamol selenium selenium Np +paracetam paracetamol ol 15day 1748.29 2390.7 1537.14 1556.14 1809.57 1800.14 30 day 1749 2425 1580 1590 1987 1869 Fig 4. Average activity of a Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD IU/L) in different groups. ** Indicating a significant difference (P-value<0.001) between the two time periods. * Indicating a significant difference (P-value<0.05) between the two time periods 54 Nanomed. J. 5(1): 52-56, Winter 2018 N. Fakhr Mobasheri et al. / Selenium nanoparticles and selenium against paracetamol 450 400 350 300 250 200 ** ** 150 100 Mean of GPX (IU/L) activity 50 0 selenium Np selenium + control paracetamol selenium selenium Np +paracetam paracetamol ol 15day 250 160 350 310 320 300 30 day 256 150 360 320 324 319 Fig 5. Average activity of a Glutathione peroxidase (GPX IU/L) in different groups. ** Indicating a significant difference (P-value<0.001) between the two time periods the 5 day. Group 6 was the paracetamol-treated 4 (nano-selenium chromium-treated group) for all groups and was given paracetamol 40 mg/kg body liver enzymes activity. As indicated by the results weight intraperitoneally on 5 day. These groups (2 there were less differences between the treated and 3) were as Controls. and control groups for all enzymes in comparison with that measured 15 and 30 days injection Assay except paracetamol-treated groups.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ( 12 ) United States Patent
    US010231994B2 (12 ) United States Patent (10 ) Patent No. : US 10 , 231, 994 B2 Kuklinski et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: Mar. 19 , 2019 ( 54 ) SELENIUM -CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS 5 ,470 , 880 A 11 / 1995 Yu et al. 5 ,512 , 200 A 4 / 1996 Garcia AND USES THEREOF 5 , 536 ,497 A 7 / 1996 Evans et al . 6 , 069 , 152 A 5 / 2000 Schaus et al. (71 ) Applicant : SELO MEDICAL GMBH , Unternberg 6 , 114 , 348 A 9 / 2000 Weber et al. (AT ) 6 , 120 ,758 A 9 / 2000 Siddiqui et al . 6 , 133 , 237 A 10 / 2000 Noll et al. 6 , 277 , 835 B1 8 / 2001 Brown (72 ) Inventors : Bodo Kuklinski, Rostock (DE ) ; Peter 6 , 391 , 323 B1 5 / 2002 Carnevali Kössler , Mariapfarr ( AT ); Norbert 2003 / 0180387 AL 9 / 2003 Kossler et al . Fuchs , Mariapfarr (AT ) 2004 /0265268 A1 * 12 /2004 Jain . A61K 8 /64 424 /85 . 1 (73 ) Assignee : SELO MEDICAL GMBH , Unternberg 2005 /0048134 AL 3 /2005 Kuklinski et al. ( AT ) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 DE 3408362 9 / 1984 DE 43 20 694 1 / 1995 U . S . C . 154 (b ) by 0 days . DE 43 35 441 4 / 1995 DE 44 13 839 10 / 1995 (21 ) Appl. No. : 15 / 725 , 455 EP 0 000 670 2 / 1979 EP 0 750 911 1 / 1997 ( 22 ) Filed : Oct. 5 , 2017 EP 0 913 155 5 / 1999 FR 2 779 720 12 / 1999 GB 2323030 9 / 1998 (65 ) Prior Publication Data WO WO 00 / 12101 3 /2000 US 2018 / 0028559 A1 Feb .
    [Show full text]
  • Differential Effects of Tranylcypromine and Imidazole on Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats Fed Low and High Fat Diets1
    [CANCER RESEARCH 49, 3168-3172, June 15, 1989] Differential Effects of Tranylcypromine and Imidazole on Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats Fed Low and High Fat Diets1 David L. McCormick,2 Ann M. Spicer, and Jacqueline L. Hollister Life Sciences Department, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60616 ABSTRACT studies with this class of compounds used inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid catabolism; exper Neoplastic development in the rat mammary gland can be suppressed iments performed in our laboratory and by Ip and coworkers by inhibition of the activity of several enzymes involved in eicosanoid biosynthesis. In order to investigate the potential utility of prostacyclin demonstrated that the postcarcinogen phase of rat mammary and thromboxane synthetases as targets for mammary cancer chemopre- carcinogenesis can be suppressed by dietary administration of vention, experiments were conducted to determine the influence of tran- indomethacin (7, 8) or flurbiprofen (9). However, although the ylcypromine (TCP), an inhibitor of prostacyclin synthetase, and ¡mida/ole anticarcinogenic activity of indomethacin is similar to that of (IMI), an inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase, on mammary carcinogen- more widely studied inhibitors of mammary carcinogenesis such esis induced in rats by 7V-methyl-/V-nitrosourea. Fifty-day-old female as retinyl acetate (10) and selenium (11), the dose levels of Sprague-Dawley |Hsd:SD(BR)l rats received a single s.c. dose of 0 or 40 indomethacin required for chemopreventive efficacy in rats are mg of .V-mcth>l-.Y-nitrosoiirea per kg of body weight. Beginning 7 days close to the threshold of lethal toxicity (12). For this reason, after carcinogen administration, groups of rats were fed isoenergetic, studies are ongoing to identify additional modifiers of arachi casein-based diets containing 3 or 20% corn oil (w/w), supplemented with donic acid metabolism whose administration provides an effec (per kg of diet) 10 mg of TCP, 1000 mg of IMI, or sucrose carrier only.
    [Show full text]
  • Curative Effect of Selenium Against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats
    J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2011), 21(4), 400–404 doi: 10.4014/jmb.1012.12019 First published online 19 January 2011 Curative Effect of Selenium Against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats Kim, Jeong-Hwan1, Byung-Woo Kim1,3,4, Hyun-Ju Kwon1,3,4, and Soo-Wan Nam1,2,4* 1Department of Biomaterial Control, 2Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 3Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, and 4Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea Received: December 16, 2010 / Revised: December 30, 2010 / Accepted: December 31, 2010 Indomethacin is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent erosions, ulcerative lesions, and petechial bleeding in the that is known to induce severe gastric mucosal lesions. In mucosa of stomach as serious side effects [10, 18]. According this study, we investigated the effect of selenium on gastric to previous reports, the oral administration of indomethacin in mucosal lesions in rats. To confirm the curative effect of rats causes ulcerative lesions in the gastric mucosa [7, 13]. selenium against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers, Furthermore, the development of the gastric mucosal lesions gastric ulcers were induced by oral administration of induced by indomethacin is mainly mediated through 25 mg/kg indomethacin, and then different doses (10, 50, generation of oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation and 100 µg/kg of body weight) of selenium or vehicle were [6, 22, 25, 26, 28, 29]. treated by oral gavage for 3 days. Oral administration of Selenium is an essential nutrient of fundamental importance indomethacin clearly increased the gastric ulcer area in to human biology. It has important metabolic functions in the stomach, whereas selenium applied for 3 days significantly animals, including protection of membrane lipids and decreased the gastric ulcer area in a dose-dependent macromolecules from oxidative damage produced by peroxides manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Adverse Effects of Resveratrol: a Literature Review
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Potential Adverse Effects of Resveratrol: A Literature Review Abdullah Shaito 1 , Anna Maria Posadino 2, Nadin Younes 3, Hiba Hasan 4 , Sarah Halabi 5, Dalal Alhababi 3, Anjud Al-Mohannadi 3, Wael M Abdel-Rahman 6 , Ali H. Eid 7,*, Gheyath K. Nasrallah 3,* and Gianfranco Pintus 6,2,* 1 Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Lebanese International University, 1105 Beirut, Lebanon; [email protected] 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, and Biomedical Research Center Qatar University, P.O Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; [email protected] (N.Y.); [email protected] (D.A.); [email protected] (A.A.-M.) 4 Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; [email protected] 5 Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, 1105 Beirut, Lebanon; [email protected] 6 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O Box: 27272, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] 7 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.H.E.); [email protected] (G.K.N.); [email protected] (G.P.) Received: 13 December 2019; Accepted: 15 March 2020; Published: 18 March 2020 Abstract: Due to its health benefits, resveratrol (RE) is one of the most researched natural polyphenols.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Name: SELENIUM SULFIDE HAZARD SUMMARY
    Common Name: SELENIUM SULFIDE CAS Number: 7446-34-6 RTK Substance number: 1653 DOT Number: UN 2657 Date: October 1995 Revision: October 2001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * Selenium Sulfide can affect you when breathed in and by * If you think you are experiencing any work-related health passing through your skin. problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational * Selenium Sulfide should be handled as a CARCINOGEN- diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. -WITH EXTREME CAUTION. * Contact can irritate the eyes with possible eye damage. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS * Breathing Selenium Sulfide can irritate the nose and The following exposure limits are for Selenium compounds throat. (measured as Selenium): * High exposure may cause headache, nausea, vomiting, garlic odor of the breath, metallic taste and coated tongue. OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit * Repeated exposure can cause pallor, nervousness and (PEL) is 0.2 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour mood changes. workshift. * Selenium Sulfide may damage the liver and kidneys. NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is IDENTIFICATION 0.2 mg/m3 averaged over a 10-hour workshift. Selenium Sulfide is a bright orange powder. It is used in medicated shampoos. ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 3 0.2 mg/m averaged over an 8-hour workshift. REASON FOR CITATION * Selenium Sulfide is on the Hazardous Substance List * Selenium Sulfide may be a CARCINOGEN in humans. because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, There may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so DOT, NIOSH, NTP, DEP, HHAG and EPA. all contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Selenium in HIV Infection
    Role of selenium in HIV infection The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Stone, Cosby A, Kosuke Kawai, Roland Kupka, and Wafaie W Fawzi. 2010. “Role of Selenium in HIV Infection.” Nutrition Reviews 68 (11) (October 20): 671–681. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00337.x. Published Version doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00337.x Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26951080 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Nutr Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 November 1. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: Nutr Rev. 2010 November ; 68(11): 671±681. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00337.x. The Role of Selenium in HIV Infection Cosby A Stone, Kosuke Kawai, Roland Kupka, Wafaie W Fawzi Harvard School of Public Health Cosby A Stone, School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA Kosuke Kawai, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Roland Kupka, and Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA and United Nations Children’s Fund, Regional Office for West and Central Africa, Dakar, Senegal Wafaie W.
    [Show full text]
  • Hepatotoxicity-Induced by the Therapeutic Dose of Acetaminophen and the Ameliorative Effect of Oral Co-Administration of Selenium/ Tribulus Terrestris Extract in Rats
    Int. J. Morphol., 38(5):1444-1454, 2020. Hepatotoxicity-Induced by the Therapeutic Dose of Acetaminophen and the Ameliorative Effect of Oral Co-administration of Selenium/ Tribulus terrestris Extract in Rats Hepatotoxicidad Inducida por la Dosis Terapéutica de Acetaminofén y el Efecto de Mejora de la Administración Conjunta de Extracto de Selenio Tribulus terrestris en Ratas Amin A. Al-Doaiss1,2 AL-DOAISS, A. A. Hepatotoxicity-induced by the therapeutic dose of acetaminophen and the ameliorative effect of oral co-administration of selenium / Tribulus terrestris extract in rats. Int. J. Morphol., 38(5):1444-1454, 2020. SUMMARY: Over dose or long-term clinical use of therapeutic doses of acetaminophen (APAP) causes hepatotoxicity. Various strategies attempted to ameliorate APAP-hepatotoxicity have been found to be unsuitable for clinical practice. This study was aimed to illustrate the histopathological changes induced by therapeutic dose of APAP and investigate the hepatoprotective role of oral co- administration of selenium/ Tribulus terrestris (TT) extract concurrently against hepatotoxicity induced by APAP in rats. Fifty-four healthy male albino Wistar rats were randomized into nine groups (G1–G9) of six rats each, and administered with APAP and TT orally for 30 days as follows: Control (2ml normal saline), APAP (470 mg/kg), APAP (470 mg/kg) + selenium (2 mg/kg), APAP (470 mg/kg) + TT (98 mg/kg), APAP (470 mg/kg) + selenium (2mg/kg) + TT (98 mg/kg), APAP (470 mg/kg) + silymarin (200 mg/kg), selenium (2 mg/ kg), TT (98 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) groups. The results demonstrated that exposure of rats to therapeutic dose of APAP for 30 days caused significant histopathological changes parallel to elevated blood chemistry parameters.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Erdosteine on Oxidative-Antioxidative Equilibrium and on Cataract Formation in Rat Pups with Selenite-Induced Cataract
    EFFECTS OF ERDOSTEINE ON OXIDATIVE-ANTIOXIDATIVE EQUILIBRIUM AND ON CATARACT FORMATION IN RAT PUPS WITH SELENITE-INDUCED CATARACT Adil Kılıç1, Şahbettin Selek2, Özcan Erel2 Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology1 and Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry2, Şanlıurfa, Turkey Aim: To investigate whether erdosteine supplementation following selenite exposure affects oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium and prevents cataract formation in rat pups. Methods: Thirty-nine Wistar-albino rat pups were divided into 3 groups. In Group 1 (n=16) only s.c saline was injected. In Group 2 (n=10) subcutaneous (s.c.) sodium selenite (30 nmol / g body weight) was injected on postpartum day 10. In Group 3 (n=13) s.c. sodium selenite (30 nmol/g body weight) were injected on postpartum day 10 and oral erdosteine (10 mg/kg body weight, daily for one week) was administered by gavage thereafter. The development of cataract was assessed weekly. The density of cataract was graded by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. On day 21, the blood was collected and lenses were removed. Oxidative stress index (OSI) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in the lenses of the rat pups. Paraoxonase-1 (PON 1) activity was determined in the sera. Results: All of the lenses of rat pups in Group 1 remained clean. All rat pups developed dense nuclear opacity in Group 2. Eight out of 13 rat pups developed slight nuclear opacity in Group 3. Differences among the groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). Group 2 lenses had higher mean OSI level than that of Group 3 lenses (p=0.003).
    [Show full text]
  • HYPERFORIN PROMOTES MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION and DEVELOPMENT of OLIGODENDROCYTES a Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate
    HYPERFORIN PROMOTES MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF OLIGODENDROCYTES A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Master’s Degree in the Department of Psychiatry University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Yanlin Wang © Copyright Yanlin Wang, December 2009. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master’s degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head, the Department of Psychiatry University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada, S7N 5E4 i ABSTRACT Major depressive disorder is a common severe psychiatric disorder with unknown etiology. Recent studies show that the loss and malfunction of oligodendrocytes are closely related to the neuropathological changes in depression, which can be reversed by antidepressant treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Expression of Enzymes Associated with Prostaglandin Synthesis in Equine Conceptuses
    animals Article Expression of Enzymes Associated with Prostaglandin Synthesis in Equine Conceptuses Sven Budik 1,*, Ingrid Walter 2,3, Marie-Christine Leitner 1, Reinhard Ertl 3 and Christine Aurich 1 1 Platform for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (M.-C.L.); [email protected] (C.A.) 2 Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 3 VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-125-077-6403 Simple Summary: The mobile preimplantative phase of equine gestation, taking place between day 9 and 16 after ovulation, is characterized by peristaltic contractions of the uterus caused by secretion of prostaglandins by the spheric equine conceptus. This mobility is necessary for maternal recognition of pregnancy in equids, taking place around day 14 after ovulation. The presented study investigated the spatial and temporal abundance of prostaglandin synthesis enzymes of the equine conceptus, elucidating a basal and an inducible system for prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin F2α synthesis is restricted to the “periembryonic”pole area and relies on enzymatic conversion of prostaglandin E2. This scenario led to a model able to explain the embryonic forward motion driven by the peristaltic contractions of the uterus. In vitro incubation of primary trophoblast cell cultures with oxytocin showed no influence of this hormone on prostaglandin synthesis. Citation: Budik, S.; Walter, I.; Leitner, M.-C.; Ertl, R.; Aurich, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacillus Sp. Strain QW90, a Bacterial Strain with a High Potential Application in Bioremediation of Selenite
    Open Access http shgri.com Publish Free Report of Health Care Original Article Volume 1, Issue 1, 2015, p. 6-10 Bacillus sp. strain QW90, a bacterial strain with a high potential application in bioremediation of selenite Mohaddeseh Khalilian1, Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari2*, Mohammad Soleimani2, Mohammad Reza Zand Monfared2 1MSc of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran 2Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran 3MSc of chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran Received: 9 July 2014 Abstract Accepted: 24 September 2014 Introduction: Selenium oxyanions are toxic to living organisms at excessive levels. Published online: 21 December 2014 Selenite can interfere with cellular respiration, damage cellular antioxidant defenses, inactivate proteins by replacing sulfur, and block DNA repair. Microorganisms that are exposed to pollutants in the environment have a remarkable ability to fight the *Corresponding author: Mohammad metal stress by various mechanisms. These metal-microbe interactions have already Reza Zolfaghari, Islamic Azad University, found an important role in bioremediation. The objective of this study was to isolate 15 khordad Street, Qom, Iran. Tel: +98 and characterize a bacterial strain with a high potential in selenite bioremediation. 9124513783, Methods: In this study, 263 strains were isolated from wastewater samples collected Email: [email protected] from selenium-contaminated sites in Qom, Iran using the enrichment culture technique and direct plating on agar. One bacterial strain designated QW90, identified as Bacillus sp. by morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, was studied for its ability to tolerate high levels of toxic selenite ions by challenging the Competing interests: The authors microbe with different concentrations of sodium selenite (100-600 mM).
    [Show full text]
  • Alteration of Prostaglandin Production and Agonist Responsiveness by N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Endometrial Cells from Late-Gestation Ewes
    249 Alteration of prostaglandin production and agonist responsiveness by n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in endometrial cells from late-gestation ewes Z Cheng, M Elmes, S E Kirkup,DREAbayasekara and D C Wathes Reproduction and Development Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK (Requests for offprints should be addressed to D C Wathes; Email [email protected]) Abstract We investigated the effect of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty alterations in responsiveness as a result of PUFA treatment. acids (PUFAs) on prostaglandin (PG) production by In the cells supplemented with 100 µM AA, there was no the uterus. A mixed population of endometrial cells further increase in PGF2 output in the presence of OT or (epthelium and stroma) from late-gestation ewes were LPS and when 100 µM GLA was present neither LPS nor cultured in defined medium containing linoleic acid OT stimulated PGE2 significantly. When LPS was given (LA, 18:2, n-6), -linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, n-6) or to AA-supplemented cells, the E:F ratio was increased. arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4, n-6) in concentrations of 0 DEX did not change PGE2 production in control or (control), 20 or 100 µM. After 45 h in test medium with or LA-treated cells, but the cells produced significantly less without added PUFAs, cells were challenged with control PGF2, so the E:F ratio was increased. In contrast, in medium (CM), oxytocin (OT, 250 nM), lipopolysaccha- GLA- and AA-treated cells, DEX reduced the production ride (LPS, 0·1 µg/ml) or dexamethasone (DEX, 5 µM) for of both PGF2 and PGE2, so the E:F ratio was unaltered.
    [Show full text]