1. PaDIL Species Factsheet

Scientific Name: laevigatus (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: : Alphitobiini)

Common Name Black Fungus Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/maf-border/Pest/Main/140482

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MPI (Ministry for Primary Industries) http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/ 2. Species Information

2.1. Details Specimen Contact: MAF Plant Health & Environment Laboratory - [email protected] Author: MAF Plant Health & Environment Laboratory Citation: MAF Plant Health & Environment Laboratory (2011) Black Fungus Beetle(Alphitobius laevigatus) Updated on 3/19/2014 Available online: PaDIL - http://www.padil.gov.au Image Use: Free for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY- NC 4.0)

2.2. URL Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/maf-border/Pest/Main/140482

2.3. Facets Groups: Commodity Overview: Horticulture Commodity Type: Garlic & Onions, Ginger Status: NZ - Exotic Pest Status: 0 Unknown Distribution: 0 Unknown Host Family: 0 Unknown

2.4. Other Names Buffaloworms Darkening Beetle Opatrum laevigatum Fabricius, 1781 Tenebrionoid Beetle

2.5. Diagnostic Notes **Adult**

Length 5.0-6.5 mm. Dark brown to piceous, shining. Eyes completely or almost completely divided. Pronotum with sides arcuate, markedly convergent apically, indistinctly so toward base, disc moderately convex, finely punctate medially, coarsely so laterally. Elytra widening to beyond middle, then markedly arcuate to apex, striae not impressed near suture, becoming moderately so laterally, intervals finely punctate on disk, more coarsely so laterally, punctures irregular, intervals quite convex laterally. Abdominal sterna II to VII with 2 setae laterally; last abdominal tergum with seta adjacent to apex or beyond.

**Larvae - Family diagnosis**

- **Excluding Lagriinae and Alleculinae**. Usually cylindrical to slightly dorsoventrally flattened; head, all visible tergites or only head, and abdominal apex sometimes heavily sclerotized; sternites sometimes sclerotized. Head with epicranial stem short to long, frontal arms V- or U-shaped, endocarina absent, frontoclypeal suture distinct. Antennae 2 or 3-segmented, segment 3 reduced or rarely absent; sensory appendage usually flat, forming incomplete ring around base of segment 3, rarely longer and conical, or complex. Ocelli usually absent, sometimes 5 on each side. Mandibles with mola usually concave, irregularly tuberculate or coarsely ridged, sometimes finely transversely ridged. Maxillae with mala truncate or rounded, rarely with uncus. Labium with ligula; palpi 2-segmented. Hypopharyngeal sclerome present. Hypostomal rods absent, gula present. Legs sometimes unequal, anterior pair larger than others, coxae contiguous to moderately widely separated; tarsunguli bisetose; sometimes strongly sclerotized apically. Abdomen with tergite 9 simple, rounded or bearing acute median process, paired urogomphi, concave plate, or complex armature; sternite 9 reduced, simple; segment 10 usually ventral, partly or completely concealed, usually with pair of pseudopods, sometimes subterminal. Spiracles annular, with circular or oval peritreme, sometimes lined with small airtubes (annular multiforous).

- **Lagriinae**. Similar to Tenebrionidae, except: subdepressed or depressed, fusiform or onisciform; antennae pubescent, 2-segmented, segment 2 considerably longer than 1, club shaped, with group of sensilla or small, dome-shaped or sinuous sensillum at apex; hypopharyngeal sclerome present, usually without anterior elongate extension; legs similar in size and chaetotaxy; body sometimes covered with long setae and characteristically hairy.

- **Alleculinae**. Similar to Tenebrionidae, except: hypopharyngeal sclerome with elongate, anterior extension and sternopleural sutures of abdomen all absent or all present. Other tenebrionid larvae, if possessing elongate extension of hypopharyngeal sclerome, lack sternopleural sutures on abdominal segment 8, whilst they are present on other segments. Abdominal segment 9 approximately parabolic in outline, rarely so in other Tenebrionidae.

**References**

- Booth, R.G., Cox, M.L. & Madge, R.B. (1990). _IIE guides to of importance to man_. 3. Coleoptera. International Institute of Entomology. University Press, Cambridge, UK, 384 pp.

- Downie, N.M. & Arnett, R.H., Jr. (1996). _The beetles of Northeastern North America_, Vols. 1 & 2. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 1720 pp.

2.6. References - Booth, R.G., Cox, M.L. & Madge, R.B. (1990). _IIE guides to insects of importance to man_. 3. Coleoptera. International Institute of Entomology. University Press, Cambridge, UK, 384 pp. - Downie, N.M. & Arnett, R.H., Jr. (1996). _The beetles of Northeastern North America_, Vols. 1 & 2. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 1720 pp. 3. Diagnostic Images

COL250 COL250 Dorsal - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF Head Oblique - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF

COL250 COL250 Lateral - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF Posterior Oblique - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF

COL250 COL250 Pronotum - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF Ventral - Adult: Caroline Harding MAF 4. Other Images

COL250 COL250 Abdomen end - Larvae: Caroline Harding Dorsal - Larvae: Caroline Harding MAF MAF

Results Generated: Tuesday, September 28, 2021