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Spitsbergen Nasjonalparker, Samt Fuglereservater På Svalbard Rapportserie Nr

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Spitsbergen Nasjonalparker, Samt Fuglereservater På Svalbard Rapportserie Nr Til endelig godkjenning april 2017 Forvaltningsplan for Nordvest-Spitsbergen, Forlandet og Sør- Spitsbergen nasjonalparker, samt fuglereservater på Svalbard Rapportserie Nr. 2/2017 2017 - 2024 1 Adresse Telefon 79 02 43 00 Internett Sysselmannen på Svalbard, Telefaks 79 02 11 66 www.sysselmannen.no Pb. 633, 9171 Longyearbyen E-post [email protected] Tilgjengelighet ISBN: 978-82-91850-47-4 (digital utgave) Internett: www.sysselmannen.no Utgiver Årstall: 2017 Sysselmannen på Svalbard Sider: 125 + vedlegg Forfattere Elin M. Lien, Snorre Haukalid, Eigil Movik, Bjarte Benberg, Margrete Keyser, Erle Frantzen, Gunhild Lutnæs samt bidrag fra øvrige ansatte hos Sysselmannen. Tittel Title Forvaltningsplan for Nordvest-Spitsbergen, Forlandet Management plan for Northwest-Spitsbergen, og Sør-Spitsbergen nasjonalparker, samt Forlandet and South-Spitsbergen national parks, and fuglereservater på Svalbard, 2017 – 2024. bird reserves on Svalbard, 2017 – 2024. Referanse Forvaltningsplan for Nordvest-Spitsbergen, Forlandet og Sør-Spitsbergen nasjonalparker, samt fuglereservater på Svalbard, 2017 – 2024. Rapportserie Nr. 2/2017. 125 sider + vedlegg. Tilgjengelig på internett: www.sysselmannen.no Sammendrag/bakgrunn Forvaltningsplanen er laget etter oppdrag fra Klima- og miljødirektoratet, og gir en oversikt over miljøverdier og brukerinteresser i de tre nasjonalparkene og 15 eksisterende og ett foreslått fuglereservat på Vest- Spitsbergen. Forvaltningsplanen gir videre rammer og retningslinjer for forvaltningen, og er ment som et verktøy for saksbehandlere hos Sysselmannen. Videre gis det en oversikt over planlagte tiltak og kunnskapsbehov som grunnlag for forvaltning av verneområdene. Emneord norsk Keywords English Forvaltningsplan Management plan verneområder Protected areas Miljøverdier Environmental values Brukerinteresser User interests Svalbard Svalbard Forside Lundefugler ved Sjubreflaket; fotograf: Elin M. Lien/ Sysselmannen. 2 Forord Svalbardtraktaten gir Norge både plikt og rett til å ta vare på den unike og sårbare svalbardnaturen for framtida. I 1973 ble Nordvest-Spitsbergen, Forlandet og Sør-Spitsbergen nasjonalparker, samt 15 fuglereservater på Svalbard opprettet ved kongelig resolusjon. Områdene har både lokal, nasjonal og global verdi. Både nasjonalpark og naturreservater er verneformer med et strengt restriksjonsnivå. Forvaltningsplanen skal fylle flere funksjoner. Den skal være myndighetenes verktøy i den daglige forvaltningen. Den skal gi kunnskap om regelverk, miljøverdier, aktiviteter og inngrep. Konkretisering og utdyping av forskriften skal gi en mer forutsigbar forvaltning. Tiltak som er viktige for en framtidsrettet forvaltning er også beskrevet. På bakgrunn av oppdrag fra Miljøverndepartementet (nå Klima- og miljødepartementet) ble arbeidet satt i gang i 2013, med bestilling av et oppdatert kunnskapsgrunnlag. Sysselmannen har lagt vekt på å gjennomføre en prosess som gir alle brukerinteresser mulighet til aktiv deltagelse. Målet har vært å finne løsninger som ivaretar brukerinteressene innenfor rammen av verneforskriften. Forvaltningsplanen er basert på dagens status når det gjelder klimatiske forhold, miljøverdier og bruk av områdene til ulike formål. Forventede klimaendringer kan gi store endinger i naturforholdene. Mulige endringer i bruk av områdene, både når det gjelder omfang og bruksformer, er lagt til grunn ved utarbeidelse av planen. Et viktig tiltak i planen er uansett å følge utviklingen nøye og fange opp eventuelle endringer som krever justeringer. Sammen med forvaltningsplanarbeidet er det utarbeidet forslag til endringer av verneforskriftene. De foreslåtte endringene er innarbeidet og lagt til grunn for utkastet til forvaltningsplan, men forvaltningsplanen kan ikke endelig godkjennes før en kjenner det endelige vedtaket om forskriftsendring. Det framgår av teksten i planen hvilke endringer som foreslås. De foreslåtte endringene sendes på høring samtidig med forvaltningsplanen. Sysselmannen takker for alle innspill og bidrag til arbeidet, og inviterer til et fortsatt konstruktivt samarbeid om bevaringen av verneområdene på Svalbard for framtida. Knut Fossum Miljøvernsjef 3 INNHOLD Sammendrag ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 1 Innledning ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Vernets historie ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Forvaltningsplan ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1 Hva er en forvaltningsplan? ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2.2 Arbeidsform ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Sentrale begreper ................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.4 Lovgrunnlag ............................................................................................................................................................ 11 1.5 Overordnet målsetning og formål med vernet ......................................................................................................... 12 2 Områdebeskrivelse og verneverdier................................................................................................................. 15 2.1 Nordvest-Spitsbergen nasjonalpark ........................................................................................................................ 17 2.2 Forlandet nasjonalpark ........................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3 Sør-Spitsbergen nasjonalpark ................................................................................................................................. 22 2.4 Fuglereservatene .................................................................................................................................................... 24 2.5 Moffen naturreservat ............................................................................................................................................... 25 2.6 Klimaendringer og forurensning .............................................................................................................................. 25 2.6.1 Klimaendringer på Vest-Spitsbergen ........................................................................................................................................................... 25 2.6.2. Forurensning ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 2.7 Kunnskapsbehov .................................................................................................................................................... 29 3 Saksbehandling .................................................................................................................................................. 30 3.1 Forholdet til annet lovverk ....................................................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Nasjonale og internasjonale retningslinjer for forvaltning av verneområder ............................................................. 31 3.3 Ramsar-konvensjonen og krav om forvaltningsplaner ............................................................................................. 31 3.4 OSPAR-konvensjonen ............................................................................................................................................ 32 3.5 Overordnede oppgaver og forvaltningsmål ............................................................................................................. 32 3.6 Retningslinjer for bruk av verneforskriften ............................................................................................................... 34 3.6.1 De miljørettslige prinsippene ............................................................................................................................................................ 35 3.7 Regulering av ferdsel .............................................................................................................................................. 37 3.7.1 Retningslinjer for aktsom ferdsel ...................................................................................................................................................... 37 3.7.2 Krav om stedsspesifikke retningslinjer for ni lokaliteter med sårbare miljøverdier .......................................................................... 40 3.7.3 Øvrige sårbare lokaliteter med behov for forvaltningstiltak .............................................................................................................. 50 3.7.4 Kulturminnelokaliteter med ferdselsforbud
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