Additional resources Roman Law for Scots Law Students Craig Anderson

Timeline of Major Events from the Foundation of Rome to Justinian I

Note that dates given for kings and emperors are the dates of their reigns, rather than dates of their births or deaths, unless otherwise indicated. To avoid undue repetition of the abbreviations ‘BC’ and ‘AD’, these are only given for the fi rst date listed that falls within each. The letter ‘c’ (circa, ‘around’) before a date indicates that the date is approximate.

Monarchy

753 BC Foundation of Rome (traditional date) 753–716 Reign of Romulus, Senate established 715–672 Reign of Numa Pompilius 672–642 Reign of Tullus Hostilius 642–616 Reign of Ancus Marcius 616–579 Reign of Tarquinius Priscus 579–534 Reign of Servius Tullius 534–509 Reign of Tarquinius Superbus

Earlier Republic 509 Overthrow of Monarchy, establishment of Republic 451–450 Twelve Tables compiled 443 Establishment of offi ce of Censor 390 Sack of Rome by Gauls 367 Praetorship and Aedileship established, leges Liciniae Sextiae enacted 287 Lex Hortensia makes plebiscita of concilium plebis binding

Later Republic 264–241 First Punic War 242 Praetorship divided into two (Urban and Peregrine) 218–201 Second Punic War

6735_Anderson_Online.indd 26 17/02/21 10:32 AM 214–148 First to Fourth Macedonian Wars 149–146 Third Punic War 133 Tiberius Gracchus elected tribune 123 Gaius Gracchus elected tribune 91–88 Social War 60 Julius Caesar elected consul 60–53 First Triumvirate (Caesar, Pompey and Crassus) 58–50 Conquest of Gaul 49–45 Civil War between Caesar and Pompey 44 Assassination of Caesar 43–33 Second Triumvirate (Octavian, Marcus Antonius and Marcus Lepidus) 33–31 Civil War between Octavian and Marcus Antonius

Principate 27 Octavian awarded title of Augustus c. 4 Birth of Jesus AD 14 Death of Augustus 14–37 Reign of Tiberius c. 33 Crucifi xion of Jesus 37–41 Reign of Caligula 41–54 Reign of Claudius 43 Invasion of Britain, leading to creation of province of Britannia 54–68 Reign of Nero 69 Year of Four Emperors 83/84 Battle of Mons Graupius 117–138 Reign of Hadrian 122 Construction of Hadrian’s Wall begins 138–161 Reign of Antoninus Pius 142 Construction of Antonine Wall begins 161–180 Reign of Marcus Aurelius 212 Constitutio Antoniniana: general grant of Roman citizenship c. 235 Beginning of Crisis of the Third Century 238 Year of Six Emperors 270–275 Reign of Aurelian

Dominate 284 Beginning of reign of Diocletian 293 Establishment of the Tetrarchy and fi rst division of Empire into East and West 305 Abdication of Diocletian

6735_Anderson_Online.indd 27 17/02/21 10:32 AM 306 Constantine I proclaimed western emperor 313 Edict of Milan, establishing offi cial toleration of Christianity 324 Constantine I becomes sole emperor, Constantinople established as capital 337 Baptism and death of Constantine I 361–363 Reign of Julian the Apostate, last non-Christian emperor 379–395 Reign of Theodosius I as eastern emperor (western emperor from 392) 402–450 Reign of Theodosius II (alone from 408, with regent 408–416) 410 Sack of Rome by Visigoths, Romans abandon Britannia 426 Law of Citations 438 Codex Theodosianus c. 440s Arrival of Anglo-Saxons in former Roman Britannia 476 Last western emperor, Romulus Augustulus, deposed 527–565 Reign of Justinian I 533 Digest and Institutes of Justinian 534 Codex of Justinian

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