Lecture 8: More Systemverilog Features Project 3
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Mod Perl 2.0 Source Code Explained 1 Mod Perl 2.0 Source Code Explained
mod_perl 2.0 Source Code Explained 1 mod_perl 2.0 Source Code Explained 1 mod_perl 2.0 Source Code Explained 15 Feb 2014 1 1.1 Description 1.1 Description This document explains how to navigate the mod_perl source code, modify and rebuild the existing code and most important: how to add new functionality. 1.2 Project’s Filesystem Layout In its pristine state the project is comprised of the following directories and files residing at the root direc- tory of the project: Apache-Test/ - test kit for mod_perl and Apache2::* modules ModPerl-Registry/ - ModPerl::Registry sub-project build/ - utilities used during project build docs/ - documentation lib/ - Perl modules src/ - C code that builds libmodperl.so t/ - mod_perl tests todo/ - things to be done util/ - useful utilities for developers xs/ - source xs code and maps Changes - Changes file LICENSE - ASF LICENSE document Makefile.PL - generates all the needed Makefiles After building the project, the following root directories and files get generated: Makefile - Makefile WrapXS/ - autogenerated XS code blib/ - ready to install version of the package 1.3 Directory src 1.3.1 Directory src/modules/perl/ The directory src/modules/perl includes the C source files needed to build the libmodperl library. Notice that several files in this directory are autogenerated during the perl Makefile stage. When adding new source files to this directory you should add their names to the @c_src_names vari- able in lib/ModPerl/Code.pm, so they will be picked up by the autogenerated Makefile. 1.4 Directory xs/ Apache2/ - Apache specific XS code APR/ - APR specific XS code ModPerl/ - ModPerl specific XS code maps/ - tables/ - Makefile.PL - 2 15 Feb 2014 mod_perl 2.0 Source Code Explained 1.4.1 xs/Apache2, xs/APR and xs/ModPerl modperl_xs_sv_convert.h - modperl_xs_typedefs.h - modperl_xs_util.h - typemap - 1.4.1 xs/Apache2, xs/APR and xs/ModPerl The xs/Apache2, xs/APR and xs/ModPerl directories include .h files which have C and XS code in them. -
Systemverilog
SystemVerilog ● Industry's first unified HDVL (Hw Description and Verification language (IEEE 1800) ● Major extension of Verilog language (IEEE 1364) ● Targeted primarily at the chip implementation and verification flow ● Improve productivity in the design of large gate-count, IP- based, bus-intensive chips Sources and references 1. Accellera IEEE SystemVerilog page http://www.systemverilog.com/home.html 2. “Using SystemVerilog for FPGA design. A tutorial based on a simple bus system”, Doulos http://www.doulos.com/knowhow/sysverilog/FPGA/ 3. “SystemVerilog for Design groups”, Slides from Doulos training course 4. Various tutorials on SystemVerilog on Doulos website 5. “SystemVerilog for VHDL Users”, Tom Fitzpatrick, Synopsys Principal Technical Specialist, Date04 http://www.systemverilog.com/techpapers/date04_systemverilog.pdf 6. “SystemVerilog, a design and synthesis perspective”, K. Pieper, Synopsys R&D Manager, HDL Compilers 7. Wikipedia Extensions to Verilog ● Improvements for advanced design requirements – Data types – Higher abstraction (user defined types, struct, unions) – Interfaces ● Properties and assertions built in the language – Assertion Based Verification, Design for Verification ● New features for verification – Models and testbenches using object-oriented techniques (class) – Constrained random test generation – Transaction level modeling ● Direct Programming Interface with C/C++/SystemC – Link to system level simulations Data types: logic module counter (input logic clk, ● Nets and Variables reset, ● enable, Net type, -
Gotcha Again More Subtleties in the Verilog and Systemverilog Standards That Every Engineer Should Know
Gotcha Again More Subtleties in the Verilog and SystemVerilog Standards That Every Engineer Should Know Stuart Sutherland Sutherland HDL, Inc. [email protected] Don Mills LCDM Engineering [email protected] Chris Spear Synopsys, Inc. [email protected] ABSTRACT The definition of gotcha is: “A misfeature of....a programming language...that tends to breed bugs or mistakes because it is both enticingly easy to invoke and completely unexpected and/or unreasonable in its outcome. A classic gotcha in C is the fact that ‘if (a=b) {code;}’ is syntactically valid and sometimes even correct. It puts the value of b into a and then executes code if a is non-zero. What the programmer probably meant was ‘if (a==b) {code;}’, which executes code if a and b are equal.” (http://www.hyperdictionary.com/computing/gotcha). This paper documents 38 gotchas when using the Verilog and SystemVerilog languages. Some of these gotchas are obvious, and some are very subtle. The goal of this paper is to reveal many of the mysteries of Verilog and SystemVerilog, and help engineers understand the important underlying rules of the Verilog and SystemVerilog languages. The paper is a continuation of a paper entitled “Standard Gotchas: Subtleties in the Verilog and SystemVerilog Standards That Every Engineer Should Know” that was presented at the Boston 2006 SNUG conference [1]. SNUG San Jose 2007 1 More Gotchas in Verilog and SystemVerilog Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................3 2.0 Design modeling gotchas .......................................................................................................4 2.1 Overlapped decision statements ................................................................................... 4 2.2 Inappropriate use of unique case statements ............................................................... -
Typedef in C
CC -- TTYYPPEEDDEEFF http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_typedef.htm Copyright © tutorialspoint.com The C programming language provides a keyword called typedef, which you can use to give a type a new name. Following is an example to define a term BYTE for one-byte numbers: typedef unsigned char BYTE; After this type definitions, the identifier BYTE can be used as an abbreviation for the type unsigned char, for example:. BYTE b1, b2; By convention, uppercase letters are used for these definitions to remind the user that the type name is really a symbolic abbreviation, but you can use lowercase, as follows: typedef unsigned char byte; You can use typedef to give a name to user defined data type as well. For example you can use typedef with structure to define a new data type and then use that data type to define structure variables directly as follows: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> typedef struct Books { char title[50]; char author[50]; char subject[100]; int book_id; } Book; int main( ) { Book book; strcpy( book.title, "C Programming"); strcpy( book.author, "Nuha Ali"); strcpy( book.subject, "C Programming Tutorial"); book.book_id = 6495407; printf( "Book title : %s\n", book.title); printf( "Book author : %s\n", book.author); printf( "Book subject : %s\n", book.subject); printf( "Book book_id : %d\n", book.book_id); return 0; } When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result: Book title : C Programming Book author : Nuha Ali Book subject : C Programming Tutorial Book book_id : 6495407 typedef vs #define The #define is a C-directive which is also used to define the aliases for various data types similar to typedef but with following differences: The typedef is limited to giving symbolic names to types only where as #define can be used to define alias for values as well, like you can define 1 as ONE etc. -
Enum, Typedef, Structures and Unions CS 2022: Introduction to C
Enum, Typedef, Structures and Unions CS 2022: Introduction to C Instructor: Hussam Abu-Libdeh Cornell University (based on slides by Saikat Guha) Fall 2009, Lecture 6 Enum, Typedef, Structures and Unions CS 2022, Fall 2009, Lecture 6 Numerical Types I int: machine-dependent I Standard integers I defined in stdint.h (#include <stdint.h>) I int8 t: 8-bits signed I int16 t: 16-bits signed I int32 t: 32-bits signed I int64 t: 64-bits signed I uint8 t, uint32 t, ...: unsigned I Floating point numbers I float: 32-bits I double: 64-bits Enum, Typedef, Structures and Unions CS 2022, Fall 2009, Lecture 6 Complex Types I Enumerations (user-defined weekday: sunday, monday, ...) I Structures (user-defined combinations of other types) I Unions (same data, multiple interpretations) I Function pointers I Arrays and Pointers of the above Enum, Typedef, Structures and Unions CS 2022, Fall 2009, Lecture 6 Enumerations enum days {mon, tue, wed, thu, fri, sat, sun}; // Same as: // #define mon 0 // #define tue 1 // ... // #define sun 6 enum days {mon=3, tue=8, wed, thu, fri, sat, sun}; // Same as: // #define mon 3 // #define tue 8 // ... // #define sun 13 Enum, Typedef, Structures and Unions CS 2022, Fall 2009, Lecture 6 Enumerations enum days day; // Same as: int day; for(day = mon; day <= sun; day++) { if (day == sun) { printf("Sun\n"); } else { printf("day = %d\n", day); } } Enum, Typedef, Structures and Unions CS 2022, Fall 2009, Lecture 6 Enumerations I Basically integers I Can use in expressions like ints I Makes code easier to read I Cannot get string equiv. -
Yikes! Why Is My Systemverilog Still So Slooooow?
DVCon-2019 San Jose, CA Voted Best Paper 1st Place World Class SystemVerilog & UVM Training Yikes! Why is My SystemVerilog Still So Slooooow? Cliff Cummings John Rose Adam Sherer Sunburst Design, Inc. Cadence Design Systems, Inc. Cadence Design System, Inc. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.sunburst-design.com www.cadence.com www.cadence.com ABSTRACT This paper describes a few notable SystemVerilog coding styles and their impact on simulation performance. Benchmarks were run using the three major SystemVerilog simulation tools and those benchmarks are reported in the paper. Some of the most important coding styles discussed in this paper include UVM string processing and SystemVerilog randomization constraints. Some coding styles showed little or no impact on performance for some tools while the same coding styles showed large simulation performance impact. This paper is an update to a paper originally presented by Adam Sherer and his co-authors at DVCon in 2012. The benchmarking described in this paper is only for coding styles and not for performance differences between vendor tools. DVCon 2019 Table of Contents I. Introduction 4 Benchmarking Different Coding Styles 4 II. UVM is Software 5 III. SystemVerilog Semantics Support Syntax Skills 10 IV. Memory and Garbage Collection – Neither are Free 12 V. It is Best to Leave Sleeping Processes to Lie 14 VI. UVM Best Practices 17 VII. Verification Best Practices 21 VIII. Acknowledgment 25 References 25 Author & Contact Information 25 Page 2 Yikes! Why is -
Evaluation of On-Ramp Control Algorithms
CALIFORNIA PATH PROGRAM INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Evaluation of On-ramp Control Algorithms Michael Zhang, Taewan Kim, Xiaojian Nie, Wenlong Jin University of California, Davis Lianyu Chu, Will Recker University of California, Irvine California PATH Research Report UCB-ITS-PRR-2001-36 This work was performed as part of the California PATH Program of the University of California, in cooperation with the State of California Business, Transportation, and Housing Agency, Department of Transportation; and the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of California. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Final Report for MOU 3013 December 2001 ISSN 1055-1425 CALIFORNIA PARTNERS FOR ADVANCED TRANSIT AND HIGHWAYS Evaluation of On-ramp Control Algorithms September 2001 Michael Zhang, Taewan Kim, Xiaojian Nie, Wenlong Jin University of California at Davis Lianyu Chu, Will Recker PATH Center for ATMS Research University of California, Irvine Institute of Transportation Studies One Shields Avenue University of California, Davis Davis, CA 95616 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Technical assistance on Paramics simulation from the Quadstone Technical Support sta is also gratefully acknowledged. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project has three objectives: 1) review existing ramp metering algorithms and choose a few attractive ones for further evaluation, 2) develop a ramp metering evaluation framework using microscopic simulation, and 3) compare the performances of the selected algorithms and make recommendations about future developments and eld tests of ramp metering systems. -
Presentation on Ocaml Internals
OCaml Internals Implementation of an ML descendant Theophile Ranquet Ecole Pour l’Informatique et les Techniques Avancées SRS 2014 [email protected] November 14, 2013 2 of 113 Table of Contents Variants and subtyping System F Variants Type oddities worth noting Polymorphic variants Cyclic types Subtyping Weak types Implementation details α ! β Compilers Functional programming Values Why functional programming ? Allocation and garbage Combinatory logic : SKI collection The Curry-Howard Compiling correspondence Type inference OCaml and recursion 3 of 113 Variants A tagged union (also called variant, disjoint union, sum type, or algebraic data type) holds a value which may be one of several types, but only one at a time. This is very similar to the logical disjunction, in intuitionistic logic (by the Curry-Howard correspondance). 4 of 113 Variants are very convenient to represent data structures, and implement algorithms on these : 1 d a t a t y p e tree= Leaf 2 | Node of(int ∗ t r e e ∗ t r e e) 3 4 Node(5, Node(1,Leaf,Leaf), Node(3, Leaf, Node(4, Leaf, Leaf))) 5 1 3 4 1 fun countNodes(Leaf)=0 2 | countNodes(Node(int,left,right)) = 3 1 + countNodes(left)+ countNodes(right) 5 of 113 1 t y p e basic_color= 2 | Black| Red| Green| Yellow 3 | Blue| Magenta| Cyan| White 4 t y p e weight= Regular| Bold 5 t y p e color= 6 | Basic of basic_color ∗ w e i g h t 7 | RGB of int ∗ i n t ∗ i n t 8 | Gray of int 9 1 l e t color_to_int= function 2 | Basic(basic_color,weight) −> 3 l e t base= match weight with Bold −> 8 | Regular −> 0 in 4 base+ basic_color_to_int basic_color 5 | RGB(r,g,b) −> 16 +b+g ∗ 6 +r ∗ 36 6 | Grayi −> 232 +i 7 6 of 113 The limit of variants Say we want to handle a color representation with an alpha channel, but just for color_to_int (this implies we do not want to redefine our color type, this would be a hassle elsewhere). -
A Syntax Rule Summary
A Syntax Rule Summary Below we present the syntax of PSL in Backus-Naur Form (BNF). A.1 Conventions The formal syntax described uses the following extended Backus-Naur Form (BNF). a. The initial character of each word in a nonterminal is capitalized. For ex- ample: PSL Statement A nonterminal is either a single word or multiple words separated by underscores. When a multiple word nonterminal containing underscores is referenced within the text (e.g., in a statement that describes the se- mantics of the corresponding syntax), the underscores are replaced with spaces. b. Boldface words are used to denote reserved keywords, operators, and punc- tuation marks as a required part of the syntax. For example: vunit ( ; c. The ::= operator separates the two parts of a BNF syntax definition. The syntax category appears to the left of this operator and the syntax de- scription appears to the right of the operator. For example, item (d) shows three options for a Vunit Type. d. A vertical bar separates alternative items (use one only) unless it appears in boldface, in which case it stands for itself. For example: From IEEE Std.1850-2005. Copyright 2005 IEEE. All rights reserved.* 176 Appendix A. Syntax Rule Summary Vunit Type ::= vunit | vprop | vmode e. Square brackets enclose optional items unless it appears in boldface, in which case it stands for itself. For example: Sequence Declaration ::= sequence Name [ ( Formal Parameter List ) ]DEFSYM Sequence ; indicates that ( Formal Parameter List ) is an optional syntax item for Sequence Declaration,whereas | Sequence [*[ Range ] ] indicates that (the outer) square brackets are part of the syntax, while Range is optional. -
JTAG Simulation VIP Datasheet
VIP Datasheet Simulation VIP for JTAG Provides JTAG and cJTAG support Overview Cadence® Simulation VIP is the world’s most widely used VIP for digital simulation. Hundreds of customers have used Cadence VIP to verify thousands of designs, from IP blocks to full systems on chip (SoCs). The Simulation VIP is ready-made for your environment, providing consistent results whether you are using Cadence Incisive®, Synopsys VCS®, or Mentor Questa® simulators. You have the freedom to build your testbench using any of these verification languages: SystemVerilog, e, Verilog, VHDL, or C/C++. Cadence Simulation VIP supports the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) as well as legacy methodologies. The unique flexible architecture of Cadence VIP makes this possible. It includes a multi-language testbench interface with full access to the source code to make it easy to integrate VIP with your testbench. Optimized cores for simulation and simulation-acceleration allow you to choose the verification approach that best meets your objectives. Deliverables Specification Support People sometimes think of VIP as just a bus functional model The JTAG VIP supports the JTAG Protocol v1.c from 2001 as (BFM) that responds to interface traffic. But SoC verification defined in the JTAG Protocol Specification. requires much more than just a BFM. Cadence Simulation VIP components deliver: • State machine models incorporate the subtle features of Supported Design-Under-Test Configurations state machine behavior, such as support for multi-tiered, Master Slave Hub/Switch power-saving modes Full Stack Controller-only PHY-only • Pre-programmed assertions that are built into the VIP to continuously watch simulation traffic to check for protocol violations. -
Systemverilog for VHDL Users
SystemVerilog for VHDL Users Tom Fitzpatrick Principal Technical Specialist Synopsys, Inc. Agenda • Introduction • SystemVerilog Design Features • SystemVerilog Assertions • SystemVerilog Verification Features • Using SystemVerilog and VHDL Together 2 SystemVerilog Charter • Charter: Extend Verilog IEEE 2001 to higher abstraction levels for Architectural and Algorithmic Design , and Advanced Verification. Advanced Transaction-Level V g e verification capability Full Testbench lo h A r ri c sse ilo for semiformal and Language with e en g b rt formal methods. Coverage V t io es n The Assertion T IEEE Verilog Language Standard For Verilog A I r V 2001 P c e A Design h r e i il & c Abstraction: te o fa c g I r Direct C interface, tu e Interface r DP t a n Assertion API and l I semantics, abstract Coverage API data types, abstract operators and expressions 3 SystemVerilog: Verilog 1995 Event handling Basic datatypes (bit, int, reg, wire…) Verilog-95: 4 state logic Basic programming (for, if, while,..) Single language Hardware concurrency Gate level modelling for design & design entity modularization and timing testbench Switch level modeling and timing ASIC timing 4 SystemVerilog: VHDL Operator VHDL adds Packages Overloading higher level Dynamic Simple assertions pointers data types and Architecture memory configuration management User-defined types allocation records/ functionality enums Dynamic multi-D arrays structs hardware generation Automatic variables Signed numbers Strings Event handling Basic datatypes (bit, int, reg, wire…) 4 state logic Basic programming (for, if, while,..) Hardware concurrency Gate level modelling design entity modularization and timing Switch level modeling and timing ASIC timing 5 Semantic Concepts: C Associative Operator Overloading & Sparse arrays Packages pointers Further programming Dynamic Void type (do while, memory break, continue, allocation Unions records/ ++, --, +=. -
(DFT) Architecture and It's Verification Using Universal Verification Methodology
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses 12-2019 Design of an Efficient Design forest T (DFT) Architecture and it's Verification Using Universal Verification Methodology Sushmitha Mavuram [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Mavuram, Sushmitha, "Design of an Efficient Design forest T (DFT) Architecture and it's Verification Using Universal Verification Methodology" (2019). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Master's Project is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DESIGN OF AN EFFICIENT DESIGN FOR TEST (DFT) ARCHITECTURE AND IT’S VERIFICATION USING UNIVERSAL VERIFICATION METHODOLOGY by Sushmitha Mavuram GRADUATE PAPER Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Computer Engineering Approved by: Mr. Mark A. Indovina, Graduate Research Advisor Senior Lecturer, Department of Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering Dr. Marcin Lukowiak, Committee Member Professor, Department of Computer Engineering Dr. Amlan Ganguly, Department Head Professor, Department of Computer Engineering DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING KATE GLEASON COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROCHESTER,NEW YORK DECEMBER, 2019 I dedicate this work to my mother Surekha, my father Jithender and my friends, for their support and encouragement throughout my master’s program at Rochester Institute of Technology. Declaration I hereby declare that all the contents of this graduate project paper are original, except where specific references are made to the work of others.