Through Gendered Lenses 2018 Vol
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Undergraduate Academic Journal of Gender Research and Scholarship Through Gendered Lenses 2018 Vol. 9 The Gender Studies Honor Society and Gender Studies Program University of Notre Dame 2018 Cover Design: Camille Zyniewicz 1 About the Artist Camille Zyniewicz is a junior from South Bend, Indiana studying Visual Communication Design at Notre Dame. Camille is currently studying abroad in Rome, Italy and plans to return next year to conduct a senior thesis. She holds a part time position with Notre Dame RecSports as a graphic designer and also serves as the graphic designer for Leprechaun Legion student apparel. After earning her undergraduate degree, Camille hopes to attend graduate school in pursuit of her MFA. 2 Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ 4 The Gender Studies Program ...................................................................... 5 Triota: The Gender Studies Honor Society ........................................... 6 Triota Members ................................................................................................ 7 Letter from the Editor .................................................................................... 8 About the Editor ............................................................................................... 9 Women and the Colombian Peace Process By Molly Burton ................................................................................................ 11 Modeling Truth-to-Nature: Enlightenment Anatomy’s Essentializing and Idealizing Tendencies By Pete Freeman .............................................................................................. 51 Dear Cincinnatus C.: The Intimately Oppressive Effect of Patriarchy in Invitation to a Beheading By Emily Garrett ............................................................................................... 95 Evolving Trans Narratives: Jennifer Finney Boylan Paves the Way for Janet Mock By Haley O’Connor .......................................................................................... 117 The Tensions of Mothering and Othering: Breastfeeding in the Dominican Republic By Nicole Waddick .......................................................................................... 149 3 Acknowledgements With this edition of Through Gendered Lenses, we mark nine years of the journal’s publication. Throughout that time, as the journal has highlighted undergraduate gender studies research and scholarship at the University of Notre Dame, its success has depended the hard and often invisible labor of many members of the Gender Studies community. It is with sincere gratitude that we honor their contributions and commitment. Through Gendered Lenses is first and foremost a collaborative project supported by the Gender Studies Program, which educates the campus community and provides a platform for the intellectual, intersectional study of gender and sexuality. Many thanks to Pamela Wynne Butler, Associate Director and Director of Undergraduate Studies for the Program, whose guidance was essential to the production of this journal. Program Coordinator Linnie Caye deserves recognition beyond what is possible here. She provided wise advice, stern reminders, and valuable insights into the publication process. The Honor Society is further indebted to its many generous benefactors. In particular, we would like to thank the Office of Undergraduate Studies of the College of Arts and Letters, the Boehnen Fund for Excellence in Gender Studies, the Genevieve D. Willis Endowment for Excellence, and the alumni and allies whose sponsorship of the Gender Studies Program supports undergraduate learning and research. Their continued support provided the opportunity for the scholars included here to pursue their research, and allowed for the creation of this journal to honor those endeavors. Finally, we are grateful for the contributions of the scholars who submit their work to Through Gendered Lenses. Although only five submissions are featured in this volume, we received a wide variety of excellent and innovative submissions this year, and were inspired by the creativity and quality of undergraduate research on gender and sexuality here at Notre Dame. 4 The Gender Studies Program Gender Studies at Notre Dame is an interdisciplinary academic program committed to excellence in teaching and research related to gender and sexuality. We develop, promote, and support research, creative work, pedagogy, service, and activism that respect human dignity, foster solidarity, and build toward the common good locally, nationally, and globally. We are a resource to the Notre Dame community regarding issues related to gender and sexuality, and we work to bridge rigorous scholarship with student development and leadership. Our curriculum offers a diverse array of courses drawn from across the University and provides students with the tools to critically explore gender as it intersects with other social categories such as sexuality, race, ethnicity, class, age, religion, and nationality. In Gender Studies courses, students examine the historical development and cultural variations of gender in relation to the social formation of human identities, relationships, practices, technologies, and institutions. Our curriculum equips students with an intellectual framework through which the intersectional analysis of gender can be critically and creatively applied to their other coursework, as well as to their personal, professional, and community roles. Our undergraduate students benefit from internship programs that emphasize the holistic and practical applications of a Gender Studies education, and thus allow students to connect their learning with community service and positive social change. For more information about Gender Studies at Notre Dame, visit genderstudies.nd.edu or contact [email protected]. 5 Iota Iota Iota: The Gender Studies Honor Society Iota Iota Iota, or Triota, is an Undergraduate Honor Society composed of sophomore, junior, and senior Gender Studies majors and minors. Notre Dame’s Alpha Phi chapter of Triota was formed in 2006, and its members are the Gender Studies Program’s top students as demonstrated by their overall academic performance. All members have earned at least a 3.5 GPA in Gender Studies and a cumulative GPA of at least 3.0. As the primary unit of undergraduate student service and leadership in the Gender Studies Program, Triota offers gender studies students multiple opportunities to engage their interests in gender issues beyond the classroom setting. Members of Triota contribute to an environment of academic excellence, encourage undergraduate research and scholarship in Gender Studies, foster relationships among students and faculty, promote interest and awareness of gender issues, and academically represent the Gender Studies Program If you are a Gender Studies major or minor interested in becoming a member of Triota, please visit genderstudies.nd.edu to learn more about us or to download an application. 6 Triota Members 2017–2018 Managing Editor Emily Garrett Editorial Board Kelsey Allen Sara Berumen Molly Burton Allison Dopazo Ashley Flakus Pete Freeman Kaleigh Frigon Becca Fritz Luciana Ferrari Albuquerque Jansen Katharine Lisko Chloe Honey Moreno Haley O’Connor Meghan Watts Additional Triota Members Abigail Ferguson Anne Jarrett Amy Mansfield Natalie Mayer Priscilla Rumbeiha Samantha Viqueira 7 Letter from the Editor In the last year, gender has been thrust into the spotlight of cultural, political, and legislative discourse in a way that some haven’t seen in decades, and that many have never experienced before in their whole lives. Just as the Baby Boomers are generationally defined by Woodstock, Civil Rights, and second-wave feminisms, Millennials and Generation Z will be defined by the events we are living through right now: Black Lives Matter, #MeToo, fourth-wave feminism, the current presidency. While discourse on current events has been recognizing gender more and more as the apex of social relations in our time, it is important to remember that the recognition of gendered factors within our society is not enough. We must push this recognition further by using it to critically interrogate and reimagine the institutions and systems that we are a part of. The essays published in this year’s edition of Through Gendered Lenses do just this. Within the following pages our readers will find an interdisciplinary mix of scholarship about gender, sexuality, and politics, science, art, literature, mothering, and culture. These are essays that exemplify the immeasurable value of gender-focused scholarship and the work that we all must continue to do in following years, both within and without academic circles. The beauty of the gendered lens is its universality and accessibility. One needn’t remain high in the ivory tower to study the complex gendered systems at play in our society. We can all adopt a gendered lens through which to understand our world, for we are all inherently gendered people, and it is only through this perspective that we can hope to do the most good and help the most people. This journal is just the beginning of the journey for our authors and my fellow Triota members; let it be the beginning of yours too. Happy reading, Emily Garrett ‘18 8 About the Editor Hailing from the suburbs of Buffalo, NY, Emily Garrett is currently a senior at the University of Notre Dame completing a double major in Gender Studies and