DOCSLIB.ORG

Astraios 190 2D Momentum Mapping Electron Analyzer for Unrivaled Arpes Performance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Astraios 190 2D Momentum Mapping Electron Analyzer for Unrivaled Arpes Performance SYMPOSIUM ON SURFACE SCIENCE 2020 St. Christoph am Arlberg, Austria March 1 - 7, 2020 CONTRIBUTIONS EDITORS Friedrich Aumayr, Ulrike Diebold and Christoph Lemell TU Wien ASTRAIOS 190 2D MOMENTUM MAPPING ELECTRON ANALYZER FOR UNRIVALED ARPES PERFORMANCE KEY FEATURES • Single spot parallel shifting lens (patent applied) • ± 30° acceptance angle (± 1 Å-1 k-range for He I, ± 2.5 Å-1 k-range for (S)XPS) • k-resolution < 0.003 Å-1 • Energy resolution < 1.5 meV • Motorized virtual analyzer entrance slit SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH T +49 30 46 78 24 0 E [email protected] H www.specs-group.com A member of SPECSGROUP SYMPOSIUM ON SURFACE SCIENCE 2020 St. Christoph am Arlberg, Austria March 1 - 7, 2020 CONTRIBUTIONS EDITORS Friedrich Aumayr, Ulrike Diebold and Christoph Lemell TU Wien 2 Symposium on Surface Science 2020 This symposium is organized by Friedrich Aumayr and U lrike Diebold TU Wien, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10/E134 1040 Vienna, Austria http://www.iap.tuwien.ac.at/www/3s20/ International Scientific Committee Organizing Committee A. Arnau, Donostia, ES F. Aumayr (IAP, TU Wien) F. Aumayr, Vienna, AT U. Diebold (IAP, TU Wien) E. Bauer, Tempe, US C. Lemell (ITP, TU Wien) H. Daimon, Nara, JP U. Diebold, Vienna, AT C. Draxl, Berlin, DE P. M. Echenique, Donostia, ES R. Fasel, Dübendorf, CH T. Koshikawa, Osaka, JP E. Lundgren, Lund, SE D. Menzel, Berlin/Munich, DE M. Messing, Lund, SE K. Morgenstern, Bochum, DE P. Müller, Marseille, FR F. Netzer, Graz, AT K. Reuter, Munich, DE W. D. Schneider, Lausanne/Berlin, CH/DE G. Thornton, London, GB Venue Ski Austria Academy, St. Christoph 10, 6580 St. Anton a. Arlberg, Austria www.skiakademie.at Medieninhaber: F. Aumayr und U. Diebold, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Wien, Adresse: Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10/E134, A-1040 Wien Druck: R. & W. Smutny OEG, A-1110 Wien Symposium on Surface Science 2020 3 PREFACE st We welcome all participants and accompanying persons to the 33 Symposium on Surface Science (3S). The 3S was founded as a winter school by members of the Institute of Applied Physics of the Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien) in 1983. The conference seeks to promote the growth of scientific knowledge and its effective exchange among scientists in the field of surface physics and chemistry and related areas, including applied topics. Its format is similar to that of Gordon Conferences, with ample time for discussions and joint outdoor activities. The number of participants is kept below 100 in order to guarantee active communication between all attendees. Initially the 3S was held exclusively in Austria and took place every other year. It became an annual event in 1990, and the site started to alternate between locations in France and Austria. In 1998 the 3S evolved into a truly global conference, with venues in the US, Canada, Bulgaria, Japan, Switzerland, Spain, France and Sweden, always returning to Austria in alternate years. This year we are again happy to host the 3S in Austria; for the 10th time in the Arlberg area. We hope that all participants will experience a lively and successful meeting while enjoying the surroundings in this beautiful mountain region in Austria. Fritz Aumayr Ulrike Diebold 4 Symposium on Surface Science 2020 Dates and locations of 3S conferences: 1983 (31.01.-04.02.) Obertraun AT 1985 (27.01.-02.02.) Obertraun AT 1988 (22.05.-28.05.) Kaprun AT 1990 (11.03.-17.03.) La Plagne FR 1991 (10.02.-16.02.) Obertraun AT 1992 (15.03.-21.03.) La Plagne FR 1993 (09.05.-15.05.) Kaprun AT 1994 (06.03.-12.03.) Les Arcs FR 1995 (23.04.-29.04.) Kaprun AT 1997 (26.01.-31.01.) Aussois FR 1998 (29.03.-04.04.) Park City US 1999 (21.02.-27.02) Pamporova BG 2000 (15.02.-18.02.) Kananaskis CA 2001 (07.01.-13.01.) Furano JP 2002 (03.03.-09.03.) St.Christoph/Arlberg AT 2003 (30.03.-05.04.) La Plagne FR 2004 (29.02.-06.03.) St.Christoph/Arlberg AT 2005 (13.03.-19.03.) Les Arcs 1800 FR 2006 (05.03.-11.03.) St. Christoph/Arlberg AT 2007 (11.03.-17.03.) Les Arcs 2000 FR 2008 (02.03.-08.03.) St. Christoph/Arlberg AT 2009 (08.03.-14.03.) St. Moritz CH 2010 (07.03.-13.03.) St. Christoph/Arlberg AT 2011 (06.03.-12.03.) Baqueira Beret ES 2012 (11.03.-17.03.) St. Christoph/Arlberg AT 2013 (03.03.-09.03.) Åre SE 2014 (09.03.-15.03.) St. Christoph/Arlberg AT 2015 (22.03.-28.03.) Les Arcs 1800 FR 2016 (21.02.-27.02.) St. Christoph/Arlberg AT 2017 (05.03.-10.03.) St. Moritz CH 2018 (25.02.-03.03.) St. Christoph/Arlberg AT 2019 (10.03.-16.03.) Baqueira Beret ES 2020 (01.03.-07.03.) St. Christoph/Arlberg AT Peter Varga 3S-Poster Prize In memory of one of the founding fathers of the 3S workshop series, Peter Varga (1946 – 2018), the Peter Varga 3S-Poster Prize is awarded every year starting with 3S*19. List of prize winners 3S*19 Ales Cahlik (Praha, Czech Republic) Symposium on Surface Science 2020 5 SYMPOSIUM ON SURFACE SCIENCE 2018 St. Christoph am Arlberg, Austria March 1 – March 6, 2020 Time Schedule Sunday, 1 March 2020 16:00 – 18:30 Registration 20:00 – 20:20 Opening Chair: F. Aumayr 20:25 – 20:45 G. Rupprechter Structure dependence of the initial oxidation of Rh and its effect on catalytic H2 oxidation 20:45 – 21:05 A. J. Heinrich Electron Spin Resonance of single atoms on a surface observed with STM 21:05 – 21:25 P. Jelínek Tailoring topological order and π-conjugation to engineer quasi- metallic polymers 6 Symposium on Surface Science 2020 Monday, 2 March 2020 Chair: H. Ibach 08:00 – 08:20 C. Wöll Surface-Ligand IR Spectroscopy: From Single Crystals to Oxide Powders to In-Operando Studies 08:20 – 08:40 C. Rameshan Nanoparticle Exsolution: Tailoring Surface Reactivity for Chemical Energy Conversion Chair: U. Diebold 16:40 – 17:00 K. Morgenstern A local view on the poisoning of a surface during laser induced CO2 dissociation 17:00 – 17:20 E. Lundgren Surface composition of Pt3Sn(111) during CO oxidation 17:20 – 17:40 M. Shipilin Syngas reactions over Rh-Fe catalysts. First steps on the way to XPS experiments at realistic pressure 17:40 – 18:00 H. Edström Reaction driven ordering of the surface of a PtRh alloy model catalyst 18:00 – 18:20 J. Suchorski New spatially-temporal phenomena studied using nanosized surface structure libraries Chair: P. Kocan 19:30 – 19:50 L. Hammer Unexpected bimetallic overlayers formed by Tellurium on Ag(111) and Cu(111) surfaces 19:50 – 20:10 C. Linsmeier Characterization of beryllium-titanium intermetallic compounds with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 20:10 – 20:30 J. E. Ortega Atomically precise step grids for engineering helical states 20:30 – 20:50 H. Dil Single helical spin-polarised Fermi surface in SrTiO3 thin film homostructures Symposium on Surface Science 2020 7 Tuesday, 3 March 2020 Chair: P. M. Echenique 08:00 – 08:20 M. Setvin Polarons frozen in a crystal lattice observed by nc-AFM 08:20 – 08:40 H. Oberhofer Stability and Dynamics of Polarons near Oxide Surfaces Chair: M. E. Messing 16:40 – 17:00 A. Arnau Varying the chirality of spin textures in ultrathin Pt/Co/Graphene heterostructures by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions 17:00 – 17:20 N. A. Vinogradov Formation and structure of two-dimensional boron on Ir(111) 17:20 – 17:40 P. Brandimarte Emerging magnetism in boron-doped graphene nanoribbons 17:40 – 18:00 D. Sánchez-Portal Probing the magnetism of topological end-states in 5-armchair graphene nanoribbons 18:00 – 18:20 G. Renaud Growing perfect graphene on a liquid metal: from self-assembled flakes to the single layer Chair: S. Förster 19:30 – 19:50 A. Gölzhäuser Ultra-High Ionic Exclusion Through Carbon Nanomembranes 19:50 – 20:10 J. Schwestka Perforation of 2D heterostructures 20:10 – 20:30 C. Lemell Neutralization of moderately charged ions transmitted through graphene sheets – what is it good for? 20:30 – 20:50 T. Šikola Graphene single layer grown on the FeRh (001) thin film 8 Symposium on Surface Science 2020 Wednesday, 4 March 2020 Chair: F. P. Netzer 08:00 – 08:20 F. J. Giessibl Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of a Quantum Corral 08:20 – 08:40 J. V. Barth Structural and Electronic Properties of FeSi(110) Chair: T. Berghaus 16:40 – 17:00 M. Maier Recent advancements in surface science instrumentation 17:00 – 17:20 T. Stempel Low Energy Electron Microscopy at Near Ambient Pressures Chair: E. Lundgren 17:25 – 18:20 Poster Introduction J. Appenroth A mussel inspired hydrogel B. Baretzky Interfaces-controlled properties of solid polycrystals: Ferromagnetic ZnO and hard-magnetic Nd-Fe-B alloys H. Brune Single Ion Molecular Magnets Adsorbed at Surfaces A. Cahlík Tuning electronic properties of 1D coordination polymers by the choice of the transition metal: Fe, Co and Ni M. Deimel Active site representation in first-principles microkinetic models: Data-enhanced computational screening for improved methanation catalysts U. Diebold Assessing the proton affinity of individual surface OH groups with nc- AFM S. Filimonov Accurate surface energies by van der Waals inclusive DFT calculations S. Förster Occupied and unoccupied electronic structure of the BaTiO3-derived oxide quasicrystal G. Franceschi Movable holder for a quartz crystal microbalance for exact doses in pulsed laser deposition Symposium on Surface Science 2020 9 N. G. Hörmann Understanding pH and potential effects from ab-initio simulations of electrochemical interfaces using implicit solvation models H.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • From Real World Catalysis to Surface Science and Back
    FROM REAL WORLD CATALYSIS TO SURFACESCIENCE AND BACK: CAN NANOSCIENCEHELP TO BRIDGEmE GAP? H.-J. FREUND,G~ RUPPRECHTER,M. BAUMER, TH. RISSE, N. ERNST, J. LInUDA Fritz-Haber-Institutder Max-P/anck-Gesel/schaft Faradayweg4-6, D-14195 Ber/in, Germany Abstract We review the possibilities in using model s~tems to explore~eterogeneous catalytic reactions under ultrahigh-vacuumand in-situ conditions. We discuss metal nano particles deposited on thin oxide films allowing to study hydrogenation and dehydrogenationreactions, while applyinga variety of surfacesensitive techniques. A secondclass of systems,where homogeneouscatalysts were heterogenized,has been studiedunder in-situ conditionsusing ESR spectroscopy. Introduction One prominentexample where heterogeneous catalysis affects our daily life is pollution control via exhaustcatalysis in everybody'scar. Figure 1 shows a schematicdiagram with a typical exhaustcatalyst in its housing[1]. The catalystconsists of a monolithic backbonecovered internally with a wash coat made of mainly alumina but also ceria and zirconia, which itself is mesoporousand holds the small metal particles, often platinum or rhodium. An electronmicroscope allows us to take a close look at the morphology of the catalyst at the nanometerscale. In order to be active, the metal particles have to be of a few nanometerin diameterand also the support has to be treated in the right way. To a certainextent the preparationis an art, some call it even "black magic". A full understandingof the microscopic processesoccurring at the surface of the particles or at the interface betweenparticle and support, however, is unfortunatelylacking. We have to realize that catalysis in connectionwith pollution control -the specific example chosenhere -does only utilize a small fraction of the world market for solid catalysts.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Crystallography
    Modern Methods in Heterogeneous Catalysis Research Surface crystallography Dirk Rosenthal Department of Inorganic Chemistry Fritz-Haber-Institut der MPG Faradayweg 4-6, DE 14195 Berlin Part of the lecture is taken from Wolfgang Rankes LEED-Script Literature: G. Ertl, J. Küppers, Low Energy Electrons and Surface Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim (1985). M. Henzler, W. Göpel, Oberflächenphysik des Festkörpers, Teubner, Stuttgart (1991). M.A. Van Hove, W.H. Weinberg, C.-M. Chan, Low-Energy Electron Diffraction, Experiment, Theory and Surface Structure Determination, Springer Series in Surface Sciences 6, G. Ertl, R. Gomer eds., Springer, Berlin (1986). M. Horn-von Hoegen, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 214 (1999) 1-75. FHI-Berlin, 21.11..2008 Dirk Rosenthal, Dept. AC, Fritz Haber Institute der MPG, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany Content 1. Bravais lattices 2. Structure examples: Overlayers 3. Method: LEED, low energy electron diffraction 4. LEED principle in one and two dimensions 5. Reciprocal lattice 6. Ewald sphere construction 7. LEED and symmetry: glide lines 8. Astonishing example 9. LEED and defects 10. Comparison with other methods 11. LEED I-V measurement 12. Reality – an example from heterogeneous catalysis Bravais lattices or International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography, N. F. M. Henry and K. Lonsdale, Eds. (The Kynoch Press, Birmingham, 1969) ,chap. 1. Bravais lattices Structure examples: Overlayers Overlayer structures Ertl/Küppers fig. 9.2, p.204 p(2x2) c(2x2) (√3x√3)R30° on square lattice on hex. lattice Superstructure nomenclature Wood: Simplest in most cases Matrix notation (Park and Madden) p or c(n×m)Rϑ° more general unit cell vector lengths m11 m12 b1 = m11 a1 + m12 a2 b1 = n a1 b2 = m a2 m21 m22 b2 = m21 a1 + m22 a2 rotation ϑ p=primitive, c=centered Wood (2×2) [ϑ=0 is omitted] (√3×√3)R30° Matrix 2 0 1 1 0 2 2 -1 Three possible arrangements yielding c(2x2) structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanostructure of Biogenic Versus Abiogenic Calcium Carbonate Crystals
    Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals JAROSŁAW STOLARSKI and MACIEJ MAZUR Stolarski, J. and Mazur, M. 2005. Nanostructure of biogenic versus abiogenic calcium carbonate crystals. Acta Palae− ontologica Polonica 50 (4): 847–865. The mineral phase of the aragonite skeletal fibers of extant scleractinians (Favia, Goniastrea) examined with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) consists entirely of grains ca. 50–100 nm in diameter separated from each other by spaces of a few nanometers. A similar pattern of nanograin arrangement was observed in basal calcite skeleton of extant calcareous sponges (Petrobiona) and aragonitic extant stylasterid coralla (Adelopora). Aragonite fibers of the fossil scleractinians: Neogene Paracyathus (Korytnica, Poland), Cretaceous Rennensismilia (Gosau, Austria), Trochocyathus (Black Hills, South Dakota, USA), Jurassic Isastraea (Ostromice, Poland), and unidentified Triassic tropiastraeid (Alpe di Specie, It− aly) are also nanogranular, though boundaries between individual grains occasionally are not well resolved. On the other hand, in diagenetically altered coralla (fibrous skeleton beside aragonite bears distinct calcite signals) of the Triassic cor− als from Alakir Cay, Turkey (Pachysolenia), a typical nanogranular pattern is not recognizable. Also aragonite crystals produced synthetically in sterile environment did not exhibit a nanogranular pattern. Unexpectedly, nanograins were rec− ognized in some crystals of sparry calcite regarded as abiotically precipitated. Our findings support the idea that nanogranular organization of calcium carbonate fibers is not, per se, evidence of their biogenic versus abiogenic origin or their aragonitic versus calcitic composition but rather, a feature of CaCO3 formed in an aqueous solution in the presence of organic molecules that control nanograin formation. Consistent orientation of crystalographic axes of polycrystalline skeletal fibers in extant or fossil coralla, suggests that nanograins are monocrystalline and crystallographically ordered (at least after deposition).
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Surface Science, Nanoscience, and Catalysis*
    Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 243–252, 2011. doi:10.1351/PAC-CON-10-11-04 © 2010 IUPAC, Publication date (Web): 6 December 2010 Integration of surface science, nanoscience, and catalysis* Cun Wen, Yi Liu, and Franklin (Feng) Tao‡ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA Abstract: This article briefly reviews the development of surface science and its close rele- vance to nanoscience and heterogeneous catalysis. The focus of this article is to highlight the importance of nanoscale surface science for understanding heterogeneous catalysis perform- ing at solid–gas and solid–liquid interfaces. Surface science has built a foundation for the understanding of catalysis based on the studies of well-defined single-crystal catalysts in the past several decades. Studies of catalysis on well-defined nanoparticles (NPs) significantly promoted the understanding of catalytic mechanisms to an unprecedented level in the last decade. To understand reactions performed on catalytic active sites at nano or atomic scales and thus reach the goal of catalysis by design, studies of the surface of nanocatalysts are cru- cial. The challenges in such studies are discussed. Keywords: heterogeneous catalysis; interfaces; nanoparticles; nanoscience; surface science. INTRODUCTION Heterogeneous catalysis is in fact the foundation of industrial production [1–3]. More than one-third of the production processes in all industries involve heterogeneous catalysis in their production chains [4,5]. Particularly, it has been the core technology of the chemical industry, oil refineries, conversion of sustainable energy sources, and environmental remediation for several decades. The application of heterogeneous catalysis to industrial production was realized without under- standing of catalytic mechanisms at the microscopic level several decades ago.
    [Show full text]
  • The Contribution of Surface Analysis and Surface Science to Technology*
    Aust. J. Phys., 1982,35,769-75 The Contribution of Surface Analysis and Surface Science to Technology* C. J. Powell Surface Science Division, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234, U.S.A. Abstract Surface science is a rapidly growing field offering many scientific and technological challenges. New experimental and theoretical tools have been developed which can be used to probe, at a fundamental atomic and molecular level, the physics and chemistry of complex processes at solid surfaces. Surface characterization, particularly surface analysis, is now an integral part of many technologies and industries (e.g., catalysis, coatings, corrosion, semiconductor devices, computer, automobile and communications) for many different applications (e.g., failure analysis, quality control, process and device development). Characterization of surface properties and processes is similarly important in many areas of public concern (e.g., energy and environment). The concepts apd techniques found useful for surface characterization are currently being extended to the character­ ization of solid-solid, solid-liquid and solid-gas interfaces. It is therefore expected that there will be significant developments in interface science and additional opportunities for technological applications in the coming decade. 1. Introduction Over the past two decades there has been considerable growth in surface science and in the application of surface-characterization methods, particularly surface analysis, to a wide range of problems of technological interest (Powell 1978). This growth is evident in the large number of local, national and international meetings sponsored by major professional societies and many other groups; the growth is also evident in journal and book publications. The purpose of this paper is to summarize key features of recent developments and to point out the impact of surface science and surface analysis in technological developments and problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Decline of Giant Impacts on Mars by 4.48 Billion Years Ago and an Early Opportunity for Habitability
    ARTICLES https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0380-0 Decline of giant impacts on Mars by 4.48 billion years ago and an early opportunity for habitability D. E. Moser 1*, G. A. Arcuri1, D. A. Reinhard2, L. F. White 3, J. R. Darling 4, I. R. Barker1, D. J. Larson2, A. J. Irving5, F. M. McCubbin6, K. T. Tait3, J. Roszjar7, A. Wittmann8 and C. Davis1 The timing of the wane in heavy meteorite bombardment of the inner planets is debated. Its timing determines the onset of crustal conditions consistently below the thermal and shock pressure limits for microbiota survival, and so bounds the occur- rence of conditions that allow planets to be habitable. Here we determine this timing for Mars by examining the metamor- phic histories of the oldest known Martian minerals, 4.476–4.429-Gyr-old zircon and baddeleyite grains in meteorites derived from the southern highlands. We use electron microscopy and atom probe tomography to show that none of these grains were exposed to the life-limiting shock pressure of 78 GPa. 97% of the grains exhibit weak-to-no shock metamorphic features and no thermal overprints from shock-induced melting. By contrast, about 80% of the studied grains from bombarded crust on Earth and the Moon show such features. The giant impact proposed to have created Mars’ hemispheric dichotomy must, therefore, have taken place more than 4.48 Gyr ago, with no later cataclysmic bombardments. Considering thermal habitability models, we conclude that portions of Mars’ crust reached habitable pressures and temperatures by 4.2 Gyr ago, the onset of the Martian ‘wet’ period, about 0.5 Gyr earlier than the earliest known record of life on Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Surface Science
    Surface Science 500 (2002) 656–677 www.elsevier.com/locate/susc Biological surface science Bengt Kasemo * Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology and Go€teborg University, S-41296 G o€teborg, Sweden Received 13 December 2000; accepted for publication 5 July 2001 Abstract Biological surface science (BioSS), as defined here is the broad interdisciplinary area where properties and processes at interfaces between synthetic materials and biological environments are investigated and biofunctional surfaces are fabricated. Six examples are used to introduce and discuss the subject: Medical implants in the human body, biosensors and biochips for diagnostics, tissue engineering, bioelectronics, artificial photosynthesis, and biomimetic materials. They are areas of varying maturity, together constituting a strong driving force for the current rapid development of BioSS. The second driving force is the purely scientific challenges and opportunities to explore the mutual interaction between biological components and surfaces. Model systems range from the unique water structures at solid surfaces and water shells around proteins and biomembranes, via amino and nucleic acids, proteins, DNA, phospholipid membranes, to cells and living tissue at surfaces. At one end of the spectrum the scientific challenge is to map out the structures, bonding, dynamics and ki- netics of biomolecules at surfaces in a similar way as has been done for simple molecules during the past three decades in surface science. At the other end of the complexity spectrum one addresses how biofunctional surfaces participate in and can be designed to constructively participate in the total communication system of cells and tissue. Biofunctional surfaces call for advanced design and preparation in order to match the sophisticated (bio) recognition ability of biological systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
    INTRODUCTION TO SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS GABOR A. SOMORJAI Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley, California A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York • Chichester • Brisbane • Toronto • Singapore CONTENTS Preface xiii General Introduction xv Lists of Constants xvii List of Symbols xix 1 Surfaces—An Introduction 1 1.1 Historical Perspective, 1 1.2 Surfaces and Interfaces—Classification of Properties, 3 1.3 External Surfaces, 5 1.3.1 Surface Concentration, 5 1.3.1.1 Clusters and Small Particles, 6 1.3.1.2 Thin Films, 8 1.3.2 Internal Surfaces—Microporous Solids, 10 1.4 Clean Surfaces, 12 1.5 Interfaces, 13 1.5.1 Adsorption, 13 1.5.2 Thickness of Surface Layers, 15 1.6 The Techniques of Surface Science, 15 1.7 Summary and Concepts, 17 1.8 Problems, 17 References, 18 2 The Structure of Surfaces 36 2.1 Introduction, 36 2.2 Surface Diffraction, 42 2.3 Notation of Surface Structures, 43 2.3.1 Abbreviated Notation of Simple Surface Structures, 45 2.3.2 Notation of High-Miller-Index, Stepped Surfaces, 47 VII viii CONTENTS 2.4 The Structure of Clean Surfaces, 48 2.4.1 Bond-Length Contraction or Relaxation, 48 2.5 Reconstruction, 50 2.5.1 Atomic Steps and Kinks, 52 2.6 The Structure of Adsorbed Monolayers, 54 2.6.1 Ordered Monolayers and the Reasons for Ordering, 54 2.6.2 Adsorbate-Induced Restructuring, 55 2.6.3 Atomic Adsorption and Penetration into Substrates, 58 2.6.4 Metals on Metals: Epitaxial Growth, 60 2.6.5 Growth Modes at Metal Surfaces, 60 2.6.6 Molecular Adsorption, 60 2.6.6.1 Ethylene,
    [Show full text]
  • Urea-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Saponite with Different Octahedral (Mg, Zn, Ni, Co) and Tetrahedral Metals (Al, Ga, B), a Review
    life Review Urea-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Saponite with Different Octahedral (Mg, Zn, Ni, Co) and Tetrahedral Metals (Al, Ga, B), a Review Concepcion P. Ponce 1 and J. Theo Kloprogge 1,2,* 1 Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, Miag-ao, Iloilo 5023, Philippines; [email protected] 2 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 10 August 2020; Accepted: 26 August 2020; Published: 28 August 2020 Abstract: Clay minerals surfaces potentially play a role in prebiotic synthesis through adsorption of organic monomers that give rise to highly concentrated systems; facilitate condensation and polymerization reactions, protection of early biomolecules from hydrolysis and photolysis, and surface-templating for specific adsorption and synthesis of organic molecules. This review presents processes of clay formation using saponite as a model clay mineral, since it has been shown to catalyze organic reactions, is easy to synthesize in large and pure form, and has tunable properties. In particular, a method involving urea is presented as a reasonable analog of natural processes. The method involves a two-step process: (1) formation of the precursor aluminosilicate gel and (2) hydrolysis of a divalent metal (Mg, Ni, Co, and Zn) by the slow release of ammonia from urea decomposition. The aluminosilicate gels in the first step forms a 4-fold-coordinated Al3+ similar to what is found in nature such as in volcanic glass. The use of urea, a compound figuring in many prebiotic model reactions, circumvents the formation of undesirable brucite, Mg(OH)2, in the final product, by slowly releasing ammonia thereby controlling the hydrolysis of magnesium.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth of Well-Ordered Iron Sulfide Thin Films†
    PCCP View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Growth of well-ordered iron sulfide thin films† a a a b Cite this: Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Earl Matthew Davis, * Giulia Berti, Helmut Kuhlenbeck, Vedran Vonk, bc a 2019, 21, 20204 Andreas Stierle and Hans-Joachim Freund In this paper a growth recipe for well-ordered iron sulfide films and the results of their characterisation are presented. The film was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Received 25th July 2019, (XPS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). XRD data reveal Accepted 28th August 2019 that the film has a NiAs-like structure with Fe vacancies, similar to iron sulfides such as pyrrhotite and DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04157e smythite, although no indication of any ordering of these vacancies was observed. LEED and STM results show that the film exhibits a 2 Â 2 surface reconstruction. XPS data provide additional evidence for a rsc.li/pccp large number of Fe vacancies, and the oxidation states of the Fe and S in the film are analysed. 15 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. Introduction the past two decades. For this reason we set out to develop a growth recipe for well-ordered iron sulfide thin films which The iron sulfides are a diverse group of minerals that are could then be used as a foundation for further studies using abundantly found in the earth’s crust. They play important surface science techniques. roles in planetary evolution and within various biogeochemical A wide range of stoichiometries from FeS to FeS2 exists in 1–3 processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
    Introduction to Sources of Information • Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Physical Electronics X-ray Photoelectron ~$600 (2 CCMR copies, 1 copy on reserve in Engineering Library) • Surface Analysis, Briggs & Grant, ~$300 (1 CCMR copy) Spectroscopy (XPS) • XPS of Polymers Database, ~$600 (1 CCMR copy on CD) • UK Surface Analysis forum, www.uksaf.org • XPS Short Courses (John Grant), www.surfaceanalysis.org • Sources of Information • Principles of XPS and Auger • E-mail list-serv [email protected] • How to prepare samples for XPS – Subscribe at http://lists.ccmr.cornell.edu • Instrumentation, X rays, Photoelectron detection – CCMR system updates, announcements, questions, etc. • Data acquisition • Sources for IMFP: – Quantitative and Qualitative analyses – Quases-IMFP-TPP2M software (10.6MB) free download at – Spin-orbit splitting, Plasmons, Shake-up, etc. www.quases.com – Sample charge control – NIST program IMFPWIN (1 CCMR copy) – Overlayer effects – Ion sputtering 8/18/2010 1 8/18/2010 2 Introduction to Surface Analysis X-ray Photoelectron The Study of the Outer-Most Layers of Materials (<100 Å). Spectroscopy (XPS) • Electron • Ion Spectroscopies Spectroscopies • Sources of Information SIMS: Secondary Ion • Principles of XPS and Auger XPS: X-ray Mass Spectrometry Photoelectron • How to prepare samples for XPS Spectroscopy • Instrumentation, X rays, Photoelectron detection SNMS: Sputtered Neutral Mass • Data acquisition AES: Auger Electron Spectrometry – Quantitative and Qualitative analyses Spectroscopy – Spin-orbit splitting, Plasmons, Shake-up, etc. ISS: Ion Scattering Spectroscopy – Sample charge control EELS: Electron Energy Loss – Overlayer effects Spectroscopy – Ion sputtering 8/18/2010 3 8/18/2010 4 Comparison of Sensitivities X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), also known as Electron Spectroscopy H Ne Co Zn Zr Sn Nd Yb Hg Th for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) is a widely AES and XPS used technique to investigate the chemical 1% composition of surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Science
    Surface Science An Introduction Bearbeitet von K. Oura, V.G. Lifshits, Alexander Saranin, A.V. Zotov, M. Katayama 1. Auflage 2003. Buch. xii, 440 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 540 00545 2 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 1790 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Physik, Astronomie > Thermodynamik > Oberflächen- und Grenzflächenphysik Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. 1. Introduction The inception of modern surface science, as well as the appearance of the term “surface science” in common use, dates back to the early 1960s, al- though there were many previous studies of surface phenomena, and many basic theoretical concepts had already been developed (for details see, for example, [1.1, 1.2]). The breakthrough in the field resulted from a combina- tion of factors, including progress in vacuum technology, the development of surface analytical techniques and the appearance of high-speed digital com- puters. Since then, surface science has undergone great development, which still continues. The milestones in the progress of surface science are reflected in the collections of review articles compiled from the anniversary volumes of the journal Surface Science and entitled Surface Science: The First Thirty Years (1994) [1.3] and Frontiers in Surface and Interface Science (2002) [1.4]. The main distinctive feature of modern surface science is that it deals with crystal surfaces, which are well-defined from the viewpoint of their structure and composition.
    [Show full text]