Title of Primary Contact Person(s): External Con- from India’s successful experience in developing its sultant, ICRIER dairy sector to support more rapid growth of Tan- zania’s and Uganda’s dairy industries. Participants City: New Delhi, India in the exchange were exposed to a range of new strategies for increasing milk and dairy product [AFR-24] —Development in the consumption and improving marketing and pro- Southern African region duction practices. The improved understanding Organization(s): South African Department of and subsequent adoption and adaptation of these Trade and Industry and Department of Transport key strategies are intended to improve food secu- rity, nutrition, and incomes in the poorest commu- Country(ies): Provider: South Africa. Recipient: nities in these two countries. Mozambique, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and the Southern Africa region Duration: August 2008; 1 year Overview: The SDI is a project made up of a cluster Budget (optional): $60,000 of projects designed to develop small communities Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Michael through infrastructural development. The main Wong; Moses Kibirige project under the SDI is the Maputo Development Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Senior Private Corridor, which involves the Maputo Corridor Sector Development Specialist; Financial and Pri- Toll Road, the railway from Ressano Garcia to vate Sector Development Maputo, and the Maputo Port and Harbor. Other secondary projects are in the fields of agriculture, City: Washington, DC mining, and tourism. The development from the SDIs would mean future cooperation among the [AFR-26] Morocco–Mauritania—Achievement Southern African countries as the SDIs were spread of Mellennium Development Goals related to across various provinces in the region. drinking water supply and sanitation Duration: Maputo Development Corridor Organization(s): National Office of Potable Water launched on June 6, 1998 (ONEP) (Morocco) and the International Water Budget (optional): In all, 694 projects have been and Sanitation Institute (on launching phase) identified, to the estimated value of R 1,148 bil- Country(ies): Provider: Morocco. Recipient: Mau- lion/$182 billion in the tourism, , craft, ritania under the coverage of the Global Water commercial and agriculture sectors, including sub- Partners Alliance (GWOPA) (UN-HABITAT) with stantial opportunities for communities and small support from the water and sanitation operators businesses. Ten development initiatives have been in the following countries: France (Agua de Paris, designated and have already generated around SIAAP); Belgium (SWDE, Vivaqua); Burkina Faso 400 investment projects valued at R 83 billion. (ONEA); and (Spanish Cooperation Agency, AECI) [AFR-25] India-Tanzania-Uganda—Boosting Overview: The cooperation between ONEP and dairy cooperatives SNDE aims at the development of capacities of the Mauritanian operator to turn it into a competent Organization(s): tool, enabling it to accomplish its public service Country(ies): Provider: India. Recipients: Tanzania missions and allowing the country to reach the and Uganda MDGs related to water supply. Overview: A knowledge-sharing initiative was This South-South cooperation is not intended launched in 2008 to collate and apply lessons to be exclusive; it is expected to be open toward

50 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 50 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Northern countries through support from a net- ings, complemented by visits between partners, work of water operators and northern coopera- have enabled considerable learning to take place tion agencies (France, Belgium, and Spain). This and, more importantly, be applied in practice. This cooperation has evolved toward twinning partner- has had catalytic knock-on effects on networking ships sponsored by the GWOPA UN-HABITAT. outside CSNP. This case study shows the value of strong local ownership and facilitation in South- Duration: Estimated in three to five years (It will South learning. be specified after issuing the ongoing diagnostic study and after the second round table, planned Duration: The CSNP started in 2006 and is still for June 2010 in Nouakchott) continuing (forty-eight months so far). It has secured funding until 2012. Budget (optional): AECI has established a credit line of US $600,000 to fund consultancy expenses Budget (optional): The CSNP is generally low in order to finance primarily the work of experts cost. It costs about US $50,000 per year to from ONEP for Sub-Sahara Africa, with a par- operate. Meetings are kept to a small budget, ticular priority on the Mauritania project. Other with cheap and simple venues. The coordination partners from the operator network (Paris Water, and facilitation of the learning network Vivaqua, SWDE, ONEA, and ONEP) have offi- group is largely voluntary. For example, the cially declared after the Rabat Round Table that current coordinating chair estimates he spends they will make in-kind contributions for the provi- approximately sixty days per year (25 percent of sion of the necessary workforce corresponding to his time) on the network. He receives US $100 fifteen men per day during the preparatory phase per month as recompense. Given the undoubted (diagnostic study), and that they would be ready impact of the CSNP, the costs are relatively to continue making in-kind contributions in order small compared with other learning networks to make true certain actions that result from the or capacity building interventions such as action plan agreed upon for June 2010. consultancy and training. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Samir Bensaid Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Festus Mukoya Title of Primary Contact Person(s): General Direc- tor International Water and Sanitation Institute, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): organization affiliated to the National Office of City: Nairobi, Kenya Potable Water, in charge of capacity development of the App Research [AFR-28] AWEPA—Parliaments joining efforts City: Rabat, Morocco in the fight against small arms

Organization(s): Association of European Parlia- [AFR-27] Competence sharing among nongovernmental organization partners in mentarians with Africa (AWEPA) South and East Africa Country(ies): Africa: Great Lakes and Horn of Africa region Organization(s): Southern and east African NGO partners of PYM Aid Overview: This case story is a reflection on the cooperative efforts of the national parliaments of Country(ies): Kenya, Uganda, Somaliland, Swazi- the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa region in the land, Mozambique, and Rwanda reduction of small arms. Overview: The CSNP is a learning initiative Duration: 2000 to the present among thirteen African church partners of PYM Aid Norway. Highly participatory annual meet- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Jeff Balch

Case stories Overview 51

South-south.indd 51 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director, and learn from those directly affected by conflict Research and Evaluation, AWEPA on how best to promote and protect women’s leadership and interests in conflict resolution and City: Amsterdam, The peace building. [AFR-29] South Africa–Kenya—Pan African Duration: January 2009 until ongoing to comple- Infrastructural Development Fund tion in December 2010

Organization(s): South Africa’s Public Invest- Budget (optional): US $1 million ment Corporation, Governments Employees Pen- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Liz Higgins sion Fund, Development Bank of Southern Africa, ABSA Bank, Old Mutual, African Development Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Principal Bank, the Standard Bank Development Group, Development Specialist, Policy Planning and Effec- Liberty Life, Ghana’s Social Security and National tiveness Unit, Irish Aid Insurance Fund, and Metropolitan Life South City: Dublin, Ireland Africa. Country(ies): Providers (initial investors): Ghana, [AFR-31] Brazil—Sharing a quiet social South Africa, and Tunisia. Recipients: Kenya, and revolution in the future its member countries across Africa Organization(s): Ministry of Social Development Overview: The PAIDF raises money from private and Hunger Alleviation (MDS) and the World investors and pension funds from its many mem- Bank ber countries across Africa and invests the money Country(ies): The Bolsa Família Program (BFP) in overseas markets. The profits from those invest- has been the object of multiple requests for study ments are used to fund projects across Africa. tours and visits. Until December 2009, this pro- Duration: Started in 2007 and has a fifteen-year cess involved visits from about thirty countries, investment horizon including luso-phone Africa, Costa Rica, Nigeria, Budget (optional): Initial target is to raise US $1 India, Pakistan, Peru, the , and Pan- billion. So far, US $625 million has been raised buy ama, among others. Representatives from MDS the investors in the fund. also participated in seminars in Morocco, India, , and Egypt. [AFR-30]Ireland-Liberia–Timor-Leste— Overview: As the largest conditional cash transfer Trilateral learning on women, peace, and in the world and one of the first in its kind, the security BFP is unique in its institutional arrangements— Organization(s): Department of Foreign Affairs especially those that favor coordination among (Ireland) sectors and cooperation between States— as well as its scale of operations. It is also a Country(ies): Ireland, Northern Ireland, Timor- successful experience from a political and social Leste, and Liberia perspective. This has attracted attention both in Overview: The Conflict Resolution Unit of the Brazil and abroad, and moved several countries Department of Foreign Affairs of Ireland is in the first stages of implementation of a CCT partnering with women and men from Ireland/ to ask for advice from the BFP team. That Northern Ireland, Liberia, and Timor-Leste in a cooperation takes place in the form of visits cross-learning process on UN Security Council to the federal management of the program and Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security. through technical cooperation activities with The broad purpose of the process is to understand MDS.

52 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 52 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Duration: South-South Cooperation between the of visits of officials directly responsible in the BF team and the African countries started in 2005 area of interest. The cooperation between CRDB/ and has increased year after year. The Brazilian CDC of the Royal Government of Cambodia and government is improving the channels by which the NDAE was enabled financially by the Japan cooperation takes place and is now working on International Cooperation Agency offices in both projects with more specific timelines along with its countries. partners. Duration: June to September 2009 Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Francisco Name of Primary Contact Person(s): HENG Ochoa CHOU Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Sr. Policy Social Protection Unit, Human Development Specialist, Cambodian Rehabilitation and Devel- Department, World Bank opment Board/Council for Development of Cam- City: Washington, DC bodia, Royal Government of Cambodia City: Phnom Penh, Cambodia ASIA PACIFIC

[AP-1] Cambodia–Timor Leste—Learning [AP-2] AsDB – Asian-Pacific CoP on MfDR exchange on aid management Organization(s): Asian Development Bank (ADB) Organization(s): Cambodian Rehabilitation Country(ies): Afghanistan, , Azerbaijan, and Development Board of the Council for Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, , Cook Development of Cambodia (CRDB/CDC) of the Islands, Fiji Islands, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Royal Government of Cambodia, the National Republic, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Directorate for Aid Effectiveness of the Ministry Malaysia, , Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, of Finance (Timor-Leste), and the Government of Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thai- Timor-Leste land, Vanuatu, and Vietnam as at December 2009 Country(ies): Cambodia and Timor-Leste (and (Open to all Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Japan) developing member countries) Overview: During 2009, Cambodia and Timor- Overview: AsCoP-MfDR, created in 2006, was the Leste engaged in an exchange intended to help first regional network on man- Timor-Leste, that is, the National Directorate aging for development results (MfDR). ADB is the for Aid Effectiveness (NDAE) of the Ministry secretariat. of Finance, set up an information management AsCoP-MfDR gives members access to good prac- system that can serve as a tool for the NDAE in its tices, tools, and training opportunities on MfDR policy dialogue, management, and coordination of through peer-to-peer learning activities, including development cooperation projects and programs specific South-South collaborations. supported by development partners in Timor- Leste. During the exchange, the two countries also The success of AsCoP-MfDR influenced the cre- shared with each other initiatives, experiences, ation of the Latin American and Caribbean CoP knowledge, and lessons learned in managing and the African CoP. The OECD-DAC recently development cooperation activities, in particular reaffirmed regional CoPs as essential hubs for those in the last five years. The learning exchange learning and promoting MfDR-based country involved a series of activities including an exchange systems.

Case stories Overview 53

South-south.indd 53 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Duration: Phase I: 2006–2010 (fifty-four months). Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Richard Phase II: 2010–2012 (planned for thirty-six Bradley months) Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Aid Effective- Budget (optional): PhaseI: Asian Development ness Advisor Bank: US $900,000. In-kind contribution from the City: Washington, DC partner organizations (Singapore’s Civil Service College supported by Singapore’s Ministry of For- eign Affairs, the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public [AP-4] Capacity Development for Development Effectiveness (CDDE) Facility Policy of the National University of Singapore, and the Asia-Pacific Finance and Development Center Organization(s): Government of Nepal, in Shanghai supported by the Ministry of Finance Government of Sri Lanka, Government of of the People’s Republic of China). Bangladesh, Government of Samoa, Green Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Farzana Movement of Sri Lanka/Reality of Aid, INFID Ahmed Indonesia/Reality of Aid, Member of Parliament of Indonesia/Inter-Parliamentary Union, Asian Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Principal Development Bank, Government of Japan, United Coordinator, Asia Pacific Community of Practice Nations Development Programme, the World on MfDR, Asian Development Bank Bank, and a range of other governments and other City: Manila, Philippines stakeholders in the region Country(ies): Nineteen countries across Asia- [AP-3] DAD – South-South learning on aid Pacific have benefited from the CDDE Facility to information and development effectiveness date, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambo- dia, India, Indonesia, Kiribati, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Organization(s): Synergy International Systems, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Inc., Development Programme, Nepal, Pakistan, , the Phil- International Aid Transparency Initiative, and the ippines, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia Timor-Leste, and Vietnam. Country(ies): Afghanistan, Cape Verde, Central Overview: The CDDE Facility was set up in African Republic, Comoros, India, Iraq and the response to the request from partner countries Kurdistan Regional Government, Namibia, Paki- that more systematic and predictable support be stan, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, and Yemen provided to partner countries grappling with the Overview: The 2009 Development Assistance localization and implementation of PD and AAA Database (DAD) Community of Practice (CoP) principles and actions. Workshop, which took place from October 5–9 The CDDE Facility aims to contribute to the three at Synergy’s Global Learning Center in Yerevan, key results areas: Armenia, brought together forty-five government officials from thirteen southern countries. The 1. Asia and the Pacific signatories will achieve central goal of the DAD CoP Workshop was to the Paris Declaration targets by 2010 and facilitate the systematic sharing of South-South the AAA actions by the time of the Fourth knowledge on and experiences in managing coun- High Level Forum in 2011. try-level aid information management systems 2. Asia and the Pacific countries establish (AIMS) so as to strengthen national capacities for South-South networks that deliver real aid management and coordination. improvements in national capacities for Duration: October 5-9, 2009 development effectiveness.

54 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 54 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. 3. Asia and the Pacific countries contribute to Country(ies): As the regional center on disability the strengthening of international aid poli- and development, APCD has been collaborating cies and aid architecture. with thirty-two countries in the Asia and Pacific. ASEAN subregion is one of its priorities. The CDDE Facility offers the following key features: Overview: Facilitating persons with disabilities (PWDs) and their groups/organizations in the 1. Initiatives developed by partner country context of disability and development, APCD pro- governments and other stakeholders includ- vides training and information support based on ing civil society organizations (CSOs) and its network in the Asia and Pacific region. Particu- parliaments. larly, APCD’s approach is to mobilize resources at 2. The Asia-Pacific Aid Effectiveness Commu- all levels (individual, organizational, and societal) nity of Practice is a multi-stakeholder group in collaboration with more than thirty focal point giving emphasis to broadening partner- organizations (government ministries/agencies in ships as articulated in the Accra Agenda for charge of disability) and around 200 associate Action. organizations (self-help groups/organization of PWDs, and grassroots nongovernmental organiza- 3. Members include representatives from part- tions at the national level). ner country governments, legislature, CSOs, and donor partners. Duration: Phase I: August 2002–July 31, 2007. Phase II: August 2007–July 31, 2012 Duration: The CDDE Facility was launched in March 2009; it is continuing, and demand for its Budget (optional): 1) About 30 percent from services is increasing. The current time frame for TICA/MSDHS and the Government of Thailand; results monitoring is up to end 2011. 2) About 30 percent from APCD Foundation; 3) About 40 percent from JICA Budget (optional): ADB: US $200,000; Govern- ment of Japan: US $30,000; UNDP: US $125,000; Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Akiie World Bank: US $50,000; World Bank Institute: Ninomiya US $30,000; Total: US $435,000 Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Executive Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Lava Director, APCD Awasthi City: Bangkok, Thailand Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Joint Secretary, Ministry of Education, Government of Nepal [AP-6] -Bangladesh—Water City: Katmandú, Nepal management for water and food security

Organization(s): Training Center of the Bangla- [AP-5] Thailand – Asia-Pacific Development desh Chemical Society, Dakha, and Dr. Javier Qua- Center on Disability gliano and the R&D Institute of the Ministry of Defense (Buenos Aires) Organization(s): Thailand International Devel- opment Cooperation Agency (TICA), Minis- Country(ies): Argentina, Bangladesh try of Social Development and Human Security Overview: This case is about cooperation between (MSDHS), Government of Thailand Foundation Argentina and Bangladesh for dealing with arsenic of the Asia-Pacific Development Center on - Dis contamination of water and food. In Bangladesh ability (APCD Foundation), and the Japan Inter- arsenic is in waters that supplies a population of national Cooperation Agency (JICA) a hundred million. Moreover, well waters are used

Case stories Overview 55

South-south.indd 55 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. mainly for irrigation in agricultural production finance and institutional development to improve and toxic migrates to crops, as in certain areas safety and security standards within the aviation of Argentina cropland. Solving this problem with sector of the Pacific Islands participating countries. scarce resources is a big challenge and needs differ- Aviation safety and security are public goods; ent approaches from very different countries and however, given the small and fragmented nature of cultures. the Pacific aviation sector, it is difficult to provide Duration: 2007 to date the necessary oversight on a national and regional basis to ensure adequate provision. Aggregation Budget (optional): 2000 of services or functions on a regional basis creates Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Abul economies of scale and scope that transform their Basher Miah; Dr. Javier Quagliano provision.

Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Head of Insti- The Pacific Plan recognizes that a new and inno- tute; Associate Projectist vative approach to the unique challenges that the Pacific Island countries face is through -a frame City: Dakha, Buenos Aires work of greater regional cooperation and inte- gration—the PASO project is aligned to this [AP-7] AsDB PASO—Investing in aviation proposition. safety in the Pacific Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Robert Organization(s): Council of Directors (comprising Guild representatives of each member country that sets Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Principal policy and monitors implementation and enforce- Transport Specialist, Pacific Department, Asian ment of technical findings of PASO), National Civil Development Bank Aviation Authorities of member countries (CAA), Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, private air trans- City: Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila, port service operators, Asian Development Bank Philippines (Pacific Department), and the International Civil Aviation Organization [AP-8] Thailand ACMECS—Human resources Country(ies): PASO member countries that are development currently parties to the Pacific Islands Civil Organization(s): Thailand International Develop- Aviation Safety and Security Treaty (PICASST) ment Cooperation Agency and the Ministry of are the Cook Islands, Kiribati, Niue, Nauru, Foreign Affairs Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. Countries that are Country(ies): Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic also members of PASO but not parties to the Republic, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand PICASST are Australia, Fiji, and New Zealand. Overview: Human resource development and Associate member organizations of PASO are the capacity building projects/activities provided to Asian Development Bank, Association of South member countries in seven areas of cooperation: Pacific Airlines, US Federal Aviation Agency, trade and investment facilitation, agricultural and the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. PASO cooperation, industrial and energy cooperation, membership is open to all Pacific Island Forum transport linkages, tourism cooperation, public member countries. health, and environment. Overview: The PASO project is a regional tech- Duration: Since the first ACMECS Summit on nical cooperation through intergovernmental November 12, 2003, in Bagan, Myanmar

56 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 56 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mrs. Jitkasem tance to some members to participate in INWEPF Tantasiri meetings. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director of Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Yasuhisa Thai Cooperation Branch I, Development Coop- Kayama; Mr. David Groenfeldt, PhD (INWEPF eration Bureau, Thailand International Develop- Consultant); INWEPF Japanese secretariat ment Cooperation Agency, Ministry of Foreign Title of Primary Contact Person(s): The Japanese Affairs, Thailand Institute of Irrigation and Drainage; Director City: Bangkok, Thailand Water and Culture Institute; Ministry of Agricul- ture, Forestry, and Fisheries

[AP-9] Japan—South-South networking around City: Santa Fe, New paddy fields [AP-10] Japan—Innovative triangular Organization(s): International Network for Water cooperation with ASEAN countries (JARCOM) and Ecosystem in Paddy Fields (INWEPF) Organization(s): Council for the Development Country(ies): Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, of Cambodia; Bureau for Technical Coopera- Egypt, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, tion, State Secretariat of Indonesia; Department Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, of International Cooperation of Lao People’s Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam Democratic Republic; Economic Planning Unit of Overview: A South-South network to improve Malaysia; Foreign Economic Relations Depart- policies and practices related to paddy (rice) ment of Myanmar; National Economic and agricultural systems in Monsoon Asia. INWEPF Development Authority of the Philippines; Tech- holds annual general meetings and more frequent nical Cooperation Directorate of Singapore; Thai- meetings of the three working groups focusing land International Development Cooperation on 1) technical issues, 2) policy and awareness, Agency; Ministry of Planning and Investment of and 3) development cooperation, plus a regular Vietnam; National Directorate for Planning and e-newlsetter. External Assistance Coordination of Timor-Leste (observer); and Japan International Cooperation Duration: INWEPF was established formally in Agency (JICA) November 2004 and intends to continue into the forseeable future. Country(ies): Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Vietnam, Timor-Leste (mainly Budget (optional): INWEPF does not collect mem- as recipients), Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, bership fees or other types of fees from members. Singapore, Thailand (mainly as providers), and INWEPF activities of each member are imple- Japan (donor for the triangular cooperation) mented and funded by the member organizations. Some members, especially the host countries of Overview: JICA-ASEAN Regional Cooperation INWEPF annual meetings, allocate a budget spe- Meeting (JARCOM) was a unique triangular coop- cifically for INWEPF activities. Because INWEPF eration framework in Southeast Asia. Originally doesn’t have a dedicated secretariat, however, designed as a mechanism to formulate good qual- the total budget of INWEPF-related activities ity SSC projects, it gradually evolved into a forum is not accounted. In the case of Japan, the bud- to discuss common development challenges in the get is 8,600 thousands Japanese Yen (equivalent region. While the Northern donor stepped back to US $95,000). This is used for the activities of as a facilitator, it’s all-stakeholder-participatory INWEPF Japanese committee and financial assis- and transparent process enhanced the ownership of both recipients and providers. Peer pressures

Case stories Overview 57

South-south.indd 57 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. among ASEAN members nurtured self-help efforts and Sudan were invited to the program. The 2009 and leaderships in the South. course was the fifth year of the six-year coopera- tion with MTCP and JICA. In the past we had also Duration: 2002–2007 (duration of JARCOM invited participants from Sri Lanka, , annual meetings) and Bosnia-Herzegovina based on their current Budget (optional): Budgets for SSC training situation and needs. are varied depending on the number of train- ees, travel costs, duration, and subject matter, Duration: Two weeks every year from 2005 to but roughly ranging from US $30,000 to US 2010 $80,000. Some pivotal countries shared the Budget (optional): Cost of conducting the course costs with JICA (Malaysia: 50 percent; Singa- is shared by the MTCP and JICA on a 50 percent- pore: 50 percent; and Thailand: approximately each basis. 30 percent). Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Khadijah Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Ms. Yasuko Khalid Matsumi (author of case story); Mr. Tatsuhiro Mitamura (focal point of JICA headquarters) Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Executive Director, International Institute of Public Policy Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Former and Management (INPUMA) Regional Project Formulation Advisor, JICA Regional Support Office for Asia (Thailand), cur- City: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia rently Project Formulation Advisor at JICA Egypt Office; Assistant Director, Development Partner- [AP-12] China—IPRCC as a platform for ship Division Operations Strategy Department, South-South cooperation JICA City: Cairo, JICA Egypt Office (current country of Organization(s): International Reduction residence); JICA headquarters, Tokyo, Japan Centre in China (IPRCC) closely connected with China’s State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development, Ministry [AP-11] Malaysia-Japan—Achieving peace in of Commerce, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and multicultural societies the National Development and Reform Com- Organization(s): Japan International Coopera- mission and Ministry of Finance. IPRCC is also tion Agency (JICA), the Government of Malay- linked with the United Nations Development Por- sia, Malaysia Technical Cooperation Programme gram (UNDP), World Bank, Asian Development (MTCP), International Institute of Public Policy Bank, and the UK Department for International and Management (INPUMA), and the University Devleopment of Malaya Country(ies):China, Africa, Asia-Pacific region, Country(ies): Malaysia and Latin America Overview: Malaysia as a multicultural and reli- Overview: IPRCC, launched in 2005, is an gious nation with successful economic and social international organization jointly initiated by development can provide other developing coun- the Chinese government, the UNDP, and other tries with unique opportunities to learn how the international organizations. The boards of trustees Government of Malaysia has been managing its and advisors have been established. IPRCC has complex cultural and religious aspects with dif- grown to be one of the flagship organizations in ferent ethnicities as a nation. A total of twenty- China for South-South cooperation. Core activities four government officials from Afghanistan, Iraq, include:

58 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 58 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. • Organizing international exchange on pov- and remodeled BANBEIS Computer Division as erty reduction through sharing of knowl- the centre of excellence. edge, information, and experiences; Duration: July 2006 – June 2009 • Providing training and consultancy services Budget (Optional): Total: US$ 1.78 million (Proj- to professionals involved in poverty reduc- ect Aid : US$1.6 million, Govt.: US$ 0.18 million) tion worldwide; Name of Primary Contact Person: (1) Mr. • Organizing theoretical and applied research Monowar Ahmed (if not available, please contact) for knowledge building, policy analysis and (2) Mr. Rafique Ahmed Siddique advocacy. Title of Primary Contact Person: JCS Coordina- • Cooperating with international organiza- tion Officer, Aid Effectiveness Unit, Economic tions to design and implement poverty Relations Division (ERD) reduction programs for specific needs in developing countries. City: Dhaka, Bangladesh Duration: Started in 2005. Ongoing [AP-14] Bangladesh-Korea—BARD community Budget (optional): IPRCC Revenue and Expen- development ditures in 2008 (excluding capital investments): Total revenue: US $3.44 million. Total expendi- Organization(s): Bangladesh Academy for Rural tures: US $2.287million. Development (BARD), Kotbari, and Comilla Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Ms. Li Xin Country(ies): Bangladesh, Korea Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Deputy Divi- Overview: Bangladesh and the Republic of sion Chief, Division of Exchanges, IPRCC Korea share the common strategy for accelerated City: Beijing, China poverty reduction and achievement of other Millennium Devleopment Goals. In pursuance with common development approach, Korea [AP-13] Bangladesh-Korea—ICT Training International Cooperation Agency and BARD Centre for education launched the Integrated Community Development Project in Burichang Upazila of Comilla District Organization(s): Bangladesh Bureau of Education in Bangladesh. The project aims at establishing Information & Statistics (BANBEIS), Ministry of a participatory community development model Education to champion the national priority by improving Country (ies): Bangladesh institutional and physical of the Overview: In pursuance with national ICT rural community and enhancing the capacity policy 2002 to foster knowledge-based society, of the people’s organization in the planning, Bangladesh Bureau of Education Information implementing, monitoring, and evaluation of and Statistics (BANBEIS), in collaboration development objectives. with Korea International Cooperation Agency Duration: July 2008–June 2011 (KOICA) initiated a project “Establishment of Bangladesh-Korea ICT Training Center for Budget (optional): Project Aid: US $3.44 million. Education (BKITCE)”to facilitate building Government: US $.08 million. Total: US $3.52 appropriate IT infrastructure by setting up and million operating a state-of-the-art Training Center in the Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Kamrul country with 5 (five) ICT labs in the renovated Ahsan

Case stories Overview 59

South-south.indd 59 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Project Direc- Ltd; Assistant General Director Procurement and tor, Integrated Community Development Proj- Training Center, PPWSA ect in Burichang Upazila of Comilla District in City: Manila, Philippines Bangladesh City: Comilla, Bangladesh [AP-16] Laos-Vietnam—Exchanging on local administration aeform [AP-15] AsDB Cambodia-Vietnam—Twinning of water utilities Organization(s): Public Administration and Civil Service Authority, Laos National Academy of Pub- Organization(s): Binh Duong Water Supply Sewer- lic Administration, Vietnam Japan International age Environment Company Limited (BIWASE) and Cooperation Agency Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority (PPWSA) Country(ies): Laos and Vietnam Country(ies): Provider: Cambodia (PPWSA). Overview: Currently, Lao People’s Democratic Recipient: Vietnam (BIWASE) Republic is implementing a Local Administration Overview: Asian Development Bank (ADB) Reform. This workshop will therefore help Lao has adopted and improved on twinning as a People’s Democratic Republic to draw lessons to development strategy for its Water Operators’ proceed in an effective way with the Local Admin- Partnership (WOPs) Program. The WOPs program istration Reform in the country though exchanging promotes knowledge sharing and builds the experiences, insights, and advice between Viet- capacity of water operators and utilities in the Asia nam and Laos. It is well known that neighboring and Pacific region. Among its key initiatives is the Vietnam has accomplished several milestones in twinning of twenty water utilities and operators in reforming and strengthening its local administra- the Asia-Pacific region. tion, which will help the Lao People’s Democratic Where most twinning arrangements pair off enti- Republic government to accelerate the implemen- ties with similar characteristics on the assumption tation of its own reform program and achieve tan- that they will share similar problems and solu- gible results in this area. tions, ADB’s approach is to match a stronger water Duration: November 12–13, 2009 and sanitation utility (expert) with a developing Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Kouthong utility (recipient). The aim is to enable the latter Sammala to improve service coverage and delivery, financial sustainability, and other aspects of its performance. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Anolack Chanpasith Duration: July 2007–October 2009 City: Vientiane Capital, Lao People’s Democratic Budget (optional): ADB Advance Payment Facility Republic budget for the BIWASE and PPWSA twinning: US $31,000 Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Paulus van [AP-17] Indonesia-Japan—Participatory Klaveren; Nguyen Van Thien; Dr. Chea Visoth Ing Agriculture Extension (PhD) Organization(s): Agency for Agricultural Human Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Water Supply Resource Development (AAHRD), Ministry of and Sanitation Specialist, Energy and Water Divi- Agriculture, Government of Indonesia (GoI), sion, Southeast Asia Department; Director Binh Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Doung Water Supply—Sewerage Environment Co. and the Government of Japan (GoJ)

60 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 60 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Country(ies): Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, vices, Ministry of Agriculture) and the GoJ (JICA). Philippines, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Egypt, Kenya, The project was implemented in Singosari AI Cen- and South Africa ter from 1986 to 2002. The center has carried out training program since 1986 and trained 5,602 Overview: In line with the wide-ranging reforms trainees both domestic and overseas. in 1998—including democratization, decentral- ization, and public governance—the AAHRD To better share Indonesian experiences in artificial decided to modify its training system for agri- insemination with other countries, GoI and GoJ cultural extension officers with the “bottom-up agreed to conduct “Development Countries Train- approach” by introducing—among others—more ing Course of Artificial Insemination on Dairy participatory trainings, which were successfully Cattle” under the JICA’s Third Country Training disseminated to Indonesian officers by AAHRD Program. in cooperation with JICA.To share the Indonesian Duration: The course was from 2007–2009, with experiences with other countries, GOI and GoJ detail as follows. First batch: February 19–March agreed to jointly organize the “Training of Train- 17, 2007. Second batch: February 26–March 24, ers for Participatory Training Program on Agricul- 2008. Third batch: February 16–March 15, 2009. tural Extension Methodology.” The course for 2010 has been proposed by the GoI Duration: From 2008 to 2010. The implementa- and is currently under consideration by the GoJ. tion of the training course: November 9–22, 2008, Budget (optional): The course was funded by GoJ and November 8–21, 2009. through JICA and GoI, with the following details: Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Ir. Ella Rosi- 2007—GoI: US $11,200. GoJ: US $45,567,5. lawati K, M.Si. Total: US $56,767,5. 2008—GoI: US $11,800. GoJ: US $56,445. Total: US $68,245. 2009—GoI: Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Head of US $12,400. GoJ: US $78,045. Total: US $90,445 Division for Agriculture Training Program and Cooperation, Bureau of Agriculture Training Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mrs. Development Herliantien City: Jakarta Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director of SNAIC [AP-18] Indonesia-Japan—Training on artificial City: Malang, East Java Province, Indonesia insemination of dairy cattle

Organization(s): Singosari National Artificial [AP-19] Vietnam-Nepal—Exchange on Insemination Centre (SNAIC), Ministry of Agri- development strategies culture, Government of Indonesia (GoI), Japan Organization(s): Constituency Assembly (Nepal), International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and th Ministry of Finance (Nepal), National Planning e Government of Japan (GoJ) Commission (Nepal), Ministry of Planning and Country(ies):Indonesia, Cambodia, Lao People’s Investment (MPI) (Vietnam), Central Institute of Democratic Republic, Vietnam, Thailand, Malay- Economic Management (CIEM) (Vietnam), Viet- sia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Papua New Guinea, nam Academy of Social Science (VASS) (Vietnam), Fiji, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Sudan, Kenya, and Zimbabwe Nepal, and Vietnam Overview: The Strengthening of Artificial Insemi- Country(ies): Nepal and Vietnam nation Centre in Indonesia was jointly established Overview: The primary objective is to provide by the GoI (Directorate General of Livestock Ser- some thought materials for Nepal’s leaders to con-

Case stories Overview 61

South-south.indd 61 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. sider the development strategy for the new federal Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Michael republic of Nepal through the exchange of views Dickerson and experiences with Vietnamese counterparts. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant, Duration: First dialogue program: August 15–24, Indian Council for Research on International Eco- 2009. Second dialogue program: Febrauary 28– nomic Relations March 10, 2010. High-level dialogue programs City: New Delhi, India are under discussion.

Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Cao [AP-21] ITEC India—Indian expertise for Manh Cuong and Mr. Toru Arai sustainable development

Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Deputy Direc- Organization(s): Indian Technical and Economic tor General, Foreign Economic Relations Depart- Cooperation (ITEC); Division of the Ministry of ment, Ministry of Planning and Investment and External Affairs, Government of India; forty-five Senior Aid Coordination Advisor, JICA Vietnam, institutions in India, and 156 partner countries Hanoi. Country(ies): India and 156 other developing City: Hanoi, Vietnam (partner) countries Overview: The ITEC Civilian Training Programme [AP-20] Barefoot College—Boosting rural solar was created to share Indian expertise in a range of energy fields to develop human capital in other develop- Organization(s): Barefoot College; Indian Techni- ing countries (particularly the LDCs). The Govern- cal and Economic Cooperation; Division of the ment of India provides participants in the program Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India; return airfare, course fees, accommodations, and a multiple governments; multiple nongovernmental modest allowance. Participants may take courses organizations from forty-five reputabe Indian institutions in government, information technology, telecommu- Country(ies): India, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Ethio- nications, management, SME/rural development, pia, Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Mali, Cameroon, renewable energy, and other specialized disci- Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Mauritania, plines. The ITEC Civilian Training Programme Uganda, Benin, Malawi, Rwanda, and Bolivia trains close to 5,000 participants per year. Overview: Barefoot College trains rural, unedu- Duration: Ongoing cated (illiterate and semiliterate) women to build, install, maintain, and repair solar electrification Budget (optional): Approximately $11 million systems for off-grid electrification. Participants annually (100 percent funded by the Government from developing countries (mostly in Africa) are of India) trained in six months at the Barefoot campus in Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Michael Tilonia, Rajasthan. After completing the course, Dickerson the equipment the women build is shipped to their villages, where it is used to electrify the houses and Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant schools in the community. City: New Delhi, India Duration: September 2008 to present [AP-22] AsDB China-India—Exchanging Budget (optional): Financial Year 2008-09: Total development experiences annual budget: US $2.5 million (Rs. 46). Sources: Goovernment: 6 percent; Foreign donors: 54 per- Organization(s): Ministry of Finance of the Gov- cent; Own sources; 40 percent ernments of the China (PRC) and India, Insti-

62 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 62 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. tute of Public Policy Studies at Peking University, ing expertise), Uwezo East Africa (civil service Indian Council for Research on International organization/recipient) Economic Relations, and the Asian Development Country(ies): Provider: (funding) Bank (AsDB) and India (expertise). Recipients: Kenya, Tanza- Country(ies): PRC and India nia, and Uganda Overview: This ADB technical assistance program Overview: This case story documents an example provided support to PRC and India to implement of South-South/triangular cooperation in the con- a program of studies on their development expe- text of building capacity with regard to primary riences on selected sectors and areas. The main and elementary education research. It involves a objective of this program is to provide an oppor- civil society organization from India, the ASER tunity for the policy-makers in both countries to Centre, sharing its expertise and experience with learn from each other’s experience in meeting their an organization, Uwezo East Africa, operating in common development challenges. Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, with funding from the Hewlett Foundation in an effort to build capac- The underlying theme of this exchange of develop- ity to undertake primary and elementary educa- ment experiences is to obtain an Indian perspective tion research to assess the status of rural education on PRC development experience through studies (learning levels, enrollment, and so on). by Indian think tanks and scholars and, likewise, to acquire a PRC perspective on Indian develop- Duration: 2008 to present ment experiences through studies by PRC think Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Michael tanks and scholars. Dickerson Duration: May 2007 to October 2008. TA Approval Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant, to Dissemination Seminar in Hanoi, Vietnam; Indian Council for Research on International Eco- March 2010: Expected publication of book. nomic Relations Budget (optional): ADB: US $954,000, technical City: New Delhi, India assistance resources to cover the costs of consul- tants, seminars and workshops, exchange visits, publications, and contingencies. In-kind contribu- [AP-24] Slum Dwellers International—Mutual tion from governments in the form of staff time learning for human development and facilities besides meeting the indirect/over- Organization(s): SDI stands for a transnational head costs (over and above ADB’s contribution) federation whose members are hundreds of incurred by the participating government financed national organizations from countries across the institutions. global south. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Vankina Country(ies): SDI affiliates—Mature federa- B. Tulasidhar tions: Philippines, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Advisor, IED, Uganda, Tanzania, Ghana, Malawi, Zambia, Asian Development Bank Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Brazil. Emerging federations: Sierra Leone, Swaziland, City: Manila, Philippines and Bolivia. New initiatives: Pakistan, Madagas- car, Liberia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and [AP-23] ASER—Informing education policies with research . Allied groups: Thailand, Cambodia, Mongolia, Indonesia, Egypt, Nigeria, Angola, Organization(s): Hewlett Foundation (funding), Mozambique, Argentina, Venezuela, and Colom- ASER Centre (civil service organization provid- bia. Different affiliates find different forms of

Case stories Overview 63

South-south.indd 63 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. funding, from self-saving projects to donations users should be represented in the Road Fund made by foundations, development organizations, Board. This exchange helped lay the foundation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the for the GoL decision to create a Road Mainte- North, and respective national governments. nance Fund, which today covers the maintenance of Lao People’s Democratic Republic entire Overview: SDI operates as a transnational network national road network and a portion of the local of local slum dweller organizations that have come road network. together to form federations of the urban poor. Their mission is to “link urban communities from Duration: The exchange between GoL and Ghana/ cities across the South to transfer and adapt the Zambia took place in 1999. The impact is still successful mobilization, advocacy, and problem- ongoing. solving strategies they develop in one location to Budget (optional): Study tour budget: US $25,000 other cities, regions, and countries.” to $50,000 Duration: Ongoing. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): H.E. Som- Budget (optional): Each SDI affiliate operates on mad Pholsena their own savings and budgets. SDI groups receive Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Minister Min- grants and loan finance from a wide range of agen- istry of Public Works and Transport cies, including local foundations and financing agencies, local and national government sources, City: Lao People’s Democratic Republic embassy and consultant funds, corporations, northern NGOs, northern foundations, bilateral agencies, and multilateral programs. LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Surabhi [LAC-1] SEGIB—Ibero-American South-South Tandon Cooperation Report Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant, Organization(s): General Ibero-American Secre- ICRIER tariat (SEGIB) City: New Delhi Country(ies): The twenty-two countries that are members of the Conference Ibero-American, [AP-25] Laos-Ghana-Zambia—Learning on road maintenance namely Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colom- bia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, , Spain, Organization(s): World Bank and Ministry of Pub- , Honduras, Mexico, , Pan- lic Works and Transport, Government of Lao Peo- ama, Peru, Paraguay, , Dominican Repub- ple’s Democratic Republic (GoL) lic, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Andorra Country(ies): Providers: Ghana and Zambia. Overview: This is about the production of the Recipient: Lao People’s Democratic Republic annual report on South-South cooperation in Overview: In the late 1990s, GoL was consider- Ibero-America, which offers a general perspec- ing a sustainable financing mechanism for road tive on South-South cooperation involving Latin maintenance. In February 1999, a delegation of American countries. This perspective focuses on key GoL officials visited Ghana and Zambia to the technical dimension and modalities (Horizon- learn firsthand from their successes in financing tal Bilateral, Horizontal Regional, and Triangular) road maintenance. Through the study tour to of South-South cooperation. Africa, the GoL understood that road users were Duration: Within the framework of the Ibero- willing to pay for better road services and that American Program for the Strengthening of

64 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 64 19/03/2010 04:20:49 p.m. Horizontal South-South Cooperation, the Ibero- Budget (optional): The estimated cost per project American South-South Cooperation Report, of is US $60,000. annual publication, should remain being published, Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Monica Var- at least, until its sixth issue (corresponding to ona Guzman 2012). Title of Primary Contact Person(s): International Budget (optional): The annual budget destined Cooperation Map Coordinator to defray production, composition, proofreading, publishing, and diffusion costs of the report. Prac- City: Bogotá, Colombia tically three-fourths of this budget (US $80,000) are being granted by SEGIB. The rest of it (about [LAC-3] CARICOM—On-the-job training US $30,000), comes form the United Nation’s Pro- support for key senior officials gram for Development and is destined to the Eng- lish translation of the report. Organization(s): (CARI- COM) Secretariat and the Technical Action Ser- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): José María vices Unit (TASU) Vera; Cristina Xalma Country(ies): The CARICOM member states Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Planning are Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barba- Director of the Cooperation Secretariat of SEGIB; dos, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, , Haiti, Researcher of the Cooperation Secretariat of Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and SEGIB Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suri- City: Madrid, Spain name, and Trinidad and Tobago. (The Bahamas, Montserrat, and Haiti are currently not part of the [LAC-2] Colombia—Sharing cooperation CSME,) maps Overview: An attachment program providing Organization(s): Presidential Agency for Social on-the-job training support for key senior Action and International Co-operation (Acción officials with responsibility for implementation Social) of decisions of CARICOM. A host member state Country(ies): Provider: Colombia. Recipients: was identified where administrative systems Uruguay, Paraguay, El Salvador, Bolivia, and Cuba are more advanced and a five-day program was developed in collaboration with the CARICOM Overview: Many Latin American countries need to secretariat to meet a particular capacity need of compile information on the international coopera- another member state. A maximum of five officials tion programs operating in their for the nominated by the member state with the capacity purposes of decision-making and the planning of need are afforded the opportunity in real time to cooperation by the various stakeholders. Over the observe and participate, allowing for the transfer past few years, Colombia has developed coopera- and subsequent adaptation of best practices. tion maps, which are information systems designed to ensure efficient management and dissemination Duration: April 2003 to April 2008 of international cooperation. Colombia has so far Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Melbour made agreements, through its social action agency, Phillip for technology transfer and an exchange of experts with Bolivia, El Salvador, Cuba, Paraguay, and Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Technical Uruguay. Coordinator Duration: 2007 to present City: Georgetown

Case stories Overview 65

South-south.indd 65 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. [LAC-4] OEA—Inter-American Network for Overview: During the past ten years, Colombia Labor Management (RIAL) has developed a debt placement scheme based on the international experience of market makers. For Organization(s): Organization of American States that purpose, a set of rules, a structure, and a strat- (OAS) and Department of Social Development and egy were developed, enabling Colombia to build a Employment/Executive Secretariat for Integral local debt market and to keep high standards with Development regards to financing, types of debt, terms, and so Country(ies): The thirty-four states members of on. OAS: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Duration: The construction of the LAC Debt Group Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, started about four years ago with the support of Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, El the Inter-American Devleopment Bank (IDB) on Salvador, the United States, Grenada, Guatemala, the assumption that, given market dynamics, per- Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nica- manent contact allows know-how transference ragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Dominican without the establishment of a deadline to finish Republic, Santa Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, San the work. Vicente and the Grenadinas, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Budget (optional): The IDB has provided sub- stantial resources for the annual organization of Overview: RIAL is the cooperation and technical two-day meetings of all public debt offices. The assistance mechanism between all ministries of meetings that took place in Brazil, Colombia, and labor. Its purpose is to strengthen the institutional Uruguay have been highlighted, with participa- and human capacities of these ministries through tion of over eighteen counties. Costs have been a mechanism aimed at the integration and divul- defrayed by the public debt offices and by the lDB. gence of knowledge and experiences. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Jorge William Duration: Starting date: May 2006. Currently Ortiz Linares under execution Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Deputy Direc- Budget (optional): Total (2006–2009): US $1.4 tor of National Internal Financing million. Cofinance: Canada: US $940 million; OAS: US $280,000; United States: US $121,000; City: Bogotá, Colombia Brazil: US $34,000; Mexico: $15,000; Argentina US $10,000 [LAC-6] El Salvador-Guatemala-Honduras— Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Maria Clau- Water management in the Trifinio region dia Camacho Organiazation(s): Office of the Vice President of Title of Primary Contact Person(s): RIAL Coordi- El Salvador nator and Labor Specialist, OAS Country(ies): El Salvador, Honduras, and City: Washington, DC Guatemala Overview: The creation of the Trifinio region [LAC-5] Colombia—Sharing experiences in meant institutionalizing a South-South coopera- public debt management tion process that began in 1988 between El Sal- vador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Based on the Organization(s): Ministry of Treasury and experiences and learning obtained from joint man- Finance—General Office of Public Finance and agement under the Trifinio Plan, the cooperation National Treasury consolidated a trinational entity that redefined the Country(ies): Colombia borders between the three countries as integration

66 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 66 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. and development zones. By recognizing the zone as Duration: 2000 to present an indivisible entity, it posited that only joint and Budget (optional): STEP Caribbean: USAID and coordinated action by the three countries could OAS funded more than US $2 million. STEP Cen- provide effective responses to its social and envi- tral America: OAS funded more than US $1.5 ronmental problems. million. STEP Andes (first phase proposed) US Duration: 1997 to present $500,000 Budget (optional): The consolidated total invest- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Richard ment made in all cooperation in the region, from Campbell 1997 to the present day, is currently unknown. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Chief, Office Efforts are being made to obtain that information. of Tourism Department of Economic Develop- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Claudia Agu- ment, Trade and Tourism’s Executive Secretariat ilar Garza for Integral Development Organization of Ameri- can States Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director-Gen- eral of Development Cooperation City: Washington, DC City: San Salvador [LAC-8] IDB—Jointly surveilling diseases in the Caribbean [LAC-7] OAS—Boosting small tourism enterprises Organization(s): Ministries of Health of the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Organization(s): Executive Secretariat for Integral and Trinidad and Tobago. The strategic partners Development Department of Economic Develop- accompanying the initiative are the Inter-Ameri- ment, Trade and Tourism Organization of Ameri- can Development Bank; the University of the West can States Indies at St. Augustine; the Pan-American Health Country(ies): Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Organization, mainly through the Caribbean Epi- Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint demiology Centre; and the Caribbean Community Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Secretariat. the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Country(ies): The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago Panama, El Salvador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador are all recipients of the STEP Overview: The purpose of the project is to develop program assistance. a Caribbean Regional Non-Communicable Dis- ease (NCDs) Surveillance System that will con- Overview: The Small Tourism Enterprise Pro- tribute to better plan and deliver and monitor gramme (STEP) was designed to provide assistance comprehensive and integrated responses to NCDs. to small tourism enterprises and hotels to enhance The system aims to improve the collection, sys- their competitiveness. STEP provided training in tematization, and analysis of data associated with product and services delivery, a mechanism to NCDs in the countries of the Caribbean. It will embrace international standards, and avenues for help define programs and health protocols target- cost-effective marketing. STEP was first initiated in ing services for health promotion in the context the Caribbean and replicated in Central and South of NCDs, their prevention, and treatment. Ulti- America. The program’s success can be accredited mately, the project aims to achieve improvements to participatory engagement by the government in the capacity of countries to deliver cost-effective and private sector that were active collaborators in health services associated with NCDs, now recog- implementation.

Case stories Overview 67

South-south.indd 67 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. nized as the major cause of mortality and morbid- sary resources for 1) facilitating shared research in ity, both at the regional and the global levels. the subject area and knowledge transfer activities among participating countries, including South- Duration: Execution period: thirty-six months. South cooperation, 2) designing a regional infor- Disbursement period: forty-two months mation system, and 3) developing environments Budget (optional): IDB-FRPG: US $650,000. Local for transfer of capabilities and skills. counterpart: US $580,000. Total: US $1,230,000 Duration: Execution period: thirty-six months. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Laura Disbursement period: forty-two months Bocalandro Budget (optional): IDB: US $500,000. Local coun- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, terpart: US $200,000. Total US $700,000 Regional Public Goods Programme, Inter-Ameri- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Laura can Development Bank Bocalandro City: Washington, DC Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, Regional Public Goods Program, Inter-American [LAC-9] IDB—Exchanging practices on Development Bank managing public debt City: Washington, DC Organization(s): National Debt Management Offices of the Ministries of Finance and Economy [LAC-10] IDB—Cooperating on citizens’ of Argentina, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, security and violence prevention in LAC Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guate- Organization(s): National Planning Department mala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, (Colombia); Secretary of State, Interior and Police Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, (Dominican Republic); Ministry of Government Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela. and Police (Ecuador); National Police (Hondu- Strategic partners accompanying the initiative ras); Ministry of Interior, Vice-Ministry of Internal are the Inter-American Development Bank, the Security (Paraguay); Ministry of Interior (Peru); Monetary Council of , Caribbean and Ministry of Interior (Uruguay). Strategic part- Regional Technical Assistance Centre, the Interna- ners accompanying the initiative are the Inter- tional Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. American Development Bank and the Institute for Research and Development on Violence Preven- Country(ies): Argentina, the Bahamas, Barbados, tion and Promotion of Social Coexistence. Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Sal- Country(ies): Colombia, Dominican Republic, vador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Ecuador, Honduras, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Overview: Before the inception of this South- Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, South cooperation project, the countries in the and Venezuela. Latin American region were searching for a collab- Overview: This initiative focuses on creating and orative mechanism that would allow them to deal using knowledge transfer mechanisms and sharing with high levels of crime and violence through the debt management models and protocols by con- implementation of preventive and control public tinuously exchanging experiences across countries policies. Therefore, the South-South cooperation in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness project consisted in the design and implementation of the National Debt Management Offices in Latin of a regional system of nineteen standardized indi- America and the Caribbean. It provides the neces- cators to measure levels of criminality and violence

68 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 68 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. affecting the citizens of the participating countries. Country(ies): El Salvador, Guatemala, and The regional system of indicators made possible Honduras the identification, monitoring, and comparison of Overview: This initiative seeks to develop and pro- regional phenomena linked to crime and violence. mote trinational mechanisms for integrated and A common methodology for the measurement of sustainable water management as a regional public each agreed indicator was developed through the good in the Upper Lempa River Basin (ULRB) by joint collaboration of the participating institutions promoting strong horizontal cooperation among and countries. Also, the capacity of institutions in the participating countries: El Salvador, Guate- each participating country was strengthened in mala, and Honduras. The project involved three terms of consolidating their institutional coordi- components: the generation and management of nation skills and internally improving their data information on water resources, human resource collection methods. The project also promoted an training in water management, and trinational inter-institutional dialogue at the national level water management institutions. that resulted in cooperation agreements for con- tinued support in improving the preparation of Duration: Execution period: thirty-six months. relevant information. Disbursement period: thirty-nine months Duration: Execution period: thirty-six months. Budget (optional): IDB: US $830,000. Local coun- Disbursement period: forty-two months terpart: US $110,100. Total: US $940,100 Budget (optional): IDB: US $1,800,000. Local Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Laura counterpart: US $890,000. Total US $2,690,000 Bocalandro Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Laura Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, Bocalandro Regional Public Goods Programme, Inter-Ameri- can Development Bank Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, Regional Public Goods Program, Inter-American City: Washington, DC Development Bank City: Washington, DC [LAC-12] IDB—Jointdata base for MERCOSUR social security institutions

[LAC-11] IDB—Coming together in the Organization(s): National Social Security Admin- Trifinio region of El Salvador, Guatemala, and istration of Argentina, the Ministry of Social Honduras Welfare of Brazil, the Social Welfare Institute of Organization(s): Forty-five municipalities from the Paraguay, and the Social Welfare Bank of Uruguay. three countries that comprise the Trifinio region’s Strategic partners accompanying the initiative are Upper Lempa River Basic, the Trifinio Plan Com- the Inter-American Development Bank and the mission, the three national governments through Ibero-American Social Security Organization. their vice-presidencies offices, the thirteen National Country(ies): Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and League of Municipalities (Mancomunidades), the Uruguay Tri-national Federation of Municipalities’ Leagues Overview: This initiative aims to contribute to (Mancomunidad Trinacional) , Municipal Envi- protecting the social security rights of migrant ronmental Units, other national, departmental workers of the MERCOSUR countries through the (state), and municipal education units, associa- creation of a Single Database for Social Security tions and unions in the private sector, local non- Institutions (SDSI) in the MERCOSUR region. The governmental organizations, and civil society purpose is to integrate the social security systems

Case stories Overview 69

South-south.indd 69 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. of the MERCOSUR countries through develop- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Ms. Eriko ing and implementing a Data Transfer and Vali- YAMASHITA dation System (DTVS) to process retiree benefits Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Advisor under MERCOSUR’s Multilateral Social Security for Japan-Mexico Partnership Program, JICA Agreement. The initiative focuses its resources on Mexico promoting a horizontal partnership and capac- ity development, carrying out baseline studies to City: Mexico City, Mexico assess the situation before the project, developing and implementing the SDSI, training personnel [LAC-14] OAS—Triangulation of efforts for from social security agencies, and disseminating natural gas metrology information to stakeholders. Organization(s): National Center Of Metrology Duration: Execution period: forty-eight months. (Mexico), Bolivian Institute Of Metrology, Bolivia Disbursement period: fifty-four months National Institute Of Competition Defense and Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Laura Intelectual Property Protection, Peru National Bocalandro Institute Of Metrology, Normalização E Quali- dade Industrial, Brazil Physikalisch-Technische Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, Bundesanstalt Braunschweig Y Berlin, Alemania Regional Public Goods Program, Inter-American Office of Tte General Secretary of the Organiza- Development Bank tion of American States City: Washington, DC Country(ies): Donor: (of financial resources and technical assistance). Providers: Bra- [LAC-13] El Salvador-Mexico-Japan— zil (of technical assistance) and Mexico (of tech- TAISHIN (earthquake-resistant popular nical assistance). Recipients: Bolivia (of technical housing) project cooperation and assistance) and Peru (of technical Organization(s): Vice Minister of Housing and cooperation and assistance) Urban Development of El Salvador, Mexico’s Overview: Project initiates in 2007 within the National Center for Disaster Prevention, Japan framework of the Inter-American System of International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Metrology. Country(ies): El Salvador, Mexico, and Japan Objectives: Overview: After suffering a series of severe earth- • Strengthening regional cooperation quakes, the government of El Salvador requested • Widening technical capacity of the National Japan to extend technical cooperation and estab- Institutes of Metrology of Bolivia and Peru lished the TAISHIN project with JICA. The proj- ect was implemented as a triangular project of El • Contribute to the efficiency of the natural Salvador, Japan, and Mexico because JICA had gas market and consumer protection offered assistance to Mexico for the same solu- • Potentializing reference services in order to tions in the past and it indeed generated numer- provide assistance to consumers, gas-sup- ous SSC advantages to implement the project in El plying enterprises; and regulating authori- Salvador. ties from Bolivia and Peru Duration: Phase I: TAISHIN project: From Duration: October 2007 to September 2010 Dececember 2003 to November 2008 (five years). Phase II: TAISHIN project: From May 2009 to Budget (optional): Financial resources from the April 2012 (three years) German government of US $1,450,000 (50 per-

70 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 70 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. cent in first phase and 50 percent in second phase the second phase: 25,200 € (US $39,000 in May post-2010). Cost of technical assistance from Ger- 2008): Guatemala: 77 percent; Mexico: 5 percent; many, Brazil, and Mexico: US $750,000. Total: US and Germany: 18 percent $2,200,000. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mr. Axel Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Oscar Harasic Macht Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Head of the Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Program Department of the Science, Technology and Inno- Director vation Office, Department of Economic Develop- City: Mexico City, Mexico ment, Trade and Tourism of the Organization of American States [LAC-16] OAS-Chile-Caribbean—Promoting City: Washington, DC social protection

[LAC-15] Germany-Mexico-Guatemala— Organization(s): Department of Social Develop- Managing solid waste ment and Employment and the Organization of American States Organization(s): Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mexico Ministry of Environment and Natural Country(ies): Provider: Chile. Recipients: Barba- Resources, Guatemala, the German Federal Minis- dos, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, try for Economic Cooperation and Development, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trini- and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusam- dad and Tobago menarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Overview: The Puente in the Caribbean is a Country(ies): Mexico, Germany, and Guatemala horizontal cooperation initiative that seeks to strengthen social protection strategies in Overview: Guatemala was the first country to CARICOM countries by transferring the approach Germany and Mexico requesting assis- knowledge and lessons learned on the Chile Puente tance to achieve institutional strengthening and Program through capacity-building activities. It capacity development in integrated solid waste was launched in June 2007 as a pilot program, management. A first generation of the GIRESOL involving Jamaica, Saint Lucia, and Trinidad Network in Guatemala was formed in 2007 by help and Tobago and is in its second phase with four of Mexican and international experts. In a second additional countries. The Canadian International phase, seven Guatemalan environmental promoters Development Agency (CIDA) and the Government from the first generation were trained in Mexico as of Chile finance this project. instructors who then capacitated a second genera- tion of solid waste experts in 2008 and 2009. Duration: June 2007 to December 2010 Duration: Start: December 2006. End: Official end Budget (optional): CIDA: US $324,000; Govern- of support for triangular cooperation: June 2009, ment of Chile: US $200,000; OAS in-kind contri- but activities are ongoing. Duration: thirty-one bution: US $681,685 (approximate). These totals months do not reflect the cash and/or in-kind contribu- tions of the recipient countries. Budget (optional): According to the financial plan- ning, the estimated budgets for the two phases Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Julie Nurse of cooperation were the following: Total budget Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Social Devel- of the first generation: 93,750 € (US $135,000 opment Specialist in 2007): Guatemala: 33 percent; Mexico: 32 percent; Germany: 35 percent. Total budget of City: Washington, DC

Case stories Overview 71

South-south.indd 71 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. [LAC-17] Spain-Chile-Paraguay—Building Title of Primary Contact Person(s): General Coor- triangular partnerships in the public sector dinator of Spanish Cooperation in Chile; Person in charge of the project in the Technical Office of Organization(s): Technical Triangular Coopera- Cooperation of Chile tion, Civil Service Office of Paraguay (SFP), Inter- national Cooperation Agency of Chile (AGCI), City: Santiago, Chile Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for Development (AECID) [LAC-18] SEGIB—Ibero-American Program of Country(ies): Paraguay, Chile, and Spain South-South Cooperation Overview: This experience is the development of a Organization(s): People responsible for Ibero- cooperation partnership between Paraguay, Chile, American Cooperation (directors of Cooperation and Spain in the project “Strengthening of Man- Agencies/General Directions of Ministries of For- agement and Human Development of public sec- eign Affairs). Promoted and coordinated by the tor workers in Paraguay,” which is currently under International Cooperation General Direction of execution. the Colombian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB). The case centers on the identification and design stages of the project. The process has been charac- Country(ies): Sixteen countries have joined and terized by political support and by joint technical participated in the construction of the program: and institutional learning, which also entails the Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, construction of a relation and work model. Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Spain, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Paraguay, Dominican Duration: The identification process started with Republic, and Uruguay. a first mission in Paraguay on May 11, 2009. The cooperation agreement and the project document Overview: Progress has been made in the debate were signed on November 24, 2009. The total and reflection on South-South cooperation within period was six and a half months. the framework of the meetings of Cooperation Directors and in relation to the Ibero-American Budget (optional): SFP: approximately US $1,100 Conference. (logistics for identification and design meetings in Paraguay, logistics for the agreement signing event The analysis has served as a basis for the identi- and communications on the signed agreement). fication of strengths, weaknesses, and challenges AGCI: approximately US $8,400 (design and of Latin American countries in the field of South- identification internship in Paraguay—two - tech South cooperation (gathered also in the annual nicians form AGCI, travel allowance for formu- South-South Cooperation Report) and in the prac- lation internship in Chile—two general directors tice of other Horizontal Programs supported by from SFP, agreement signature Internship—AGCI the SEGIB. executive director). AECID: approximately US The program of South-South Cooperation Rein- $4,000 (design and identification internship in forcement, which was approved at the eighth Paraguay—one technician from AECID, plane Ibero-American Summit in San Salvador (2008) tickets for formulation internship in Chile—two and prepared for being implemented through general directors from SFP, and agreement sig- 2009, includes guidelines for the improvement nature Internship—General Coordinator Chile’s of information and coordination systems; human Technical Office) resource building; the annual South-South Coop- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Cristina eration Report; a bank of good practices; and the Aldama Calles; Izaskun Sánchez Tolosa organization of forums and debates on the subject.

72 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 72 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Duration: Three years starting January 1, 2010 Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Granada, Guate- mala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Budget (optional): Minimal contributions com- Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint mitted to financial resources: Chile: US $60,000; Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Surinam, Colombia: US $100,000; El Salvador: US $10,000; Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela Spain: US $600,000; Mexico: US $100,000; Dominican Republic: US $90,000; SEGIB: US Overview: The Cooperation Strategy for the Carib- $500,000. Total: US $1,5 million. Other partici- Basin emerged as a response to the needs pant countries don’t rule out making financial con- identified by countries of the region, in terms of tributions, and they have offered human resources knowledge exchange, to consolidate regional eco- as well as their experience and technical resources. nomic development. The strategy is centered on the strengthening of institutions in five priority Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Patricia areas: technical education and vocational train- González; Enrique Maruri; José María Vera ing, disaster assistance and prevention, food safety Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Manager of and nutrition, bilingualism, and academic mobil- the Program; Director of International Coopera- ity. This initiative has a participative approach, in tion at the Colombian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; which the main interests and expectations of par- Planning Director of SEGIB. ticipant countries are fundamental at each stage of City: Bogotá, Colombia the project. Duration: First phase: January 2009 to December [LAC-19] Colombia—Caribbean strategy 2009. Second phase: January 2010 to December 2010 Organization(s): Leading organization in the Budget (optional): First phase: Ministry of Foreign cooperation program: Colombian Ministry of Affairs input: US $458,500; input of national asso- Foreign Relations. Other organizations involved: ciated institutions: US $260,000. Second phase: State Entities for Technical Assistance and Train- Ministry of Foreign Affairs input: US $500,000; ing from the twenty-five countries of the -Carib input of national associated institutions: US bean basin; institutions in charge of enforcing $600,000; input of regional mechanisms: FUPAD food security policy in seventeen countries of the US $500,000; OEA: US $100,000 Caribbean basin; offices in charge of disaster pre- vention and assistance in sixteen countries of the Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Enrique Caribbean basin; universities from fifteen Carib- Maruri Londoño bean countries; Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director of twenty-five countries; Heart Trust NTA; Associa- International Cooperation, Colombian Ministry tion of Caribbean States; Organization of Ameri- of Foreign Affairs can States; Colombian Ministry of Education; National Learning Service of Colombia; Colom- City: Bogotá, Colombia bian Institute for Credit and Technical Studies Abroad; Colombian Family Welfare Institute; [LAC-20] Uruguay—Building institutions for National University of Colombia; Food Safety horizontal partnership Network; Presidential Agency for Social Action and International Cooperation (Acción Social); Organization(s): Planning and Budget Office— and the Pan-American Development Foundation Presidency of the Republic, Uruguay Country(ies): Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Country(ies): Recipients: Uruguay (partner/recipi- Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, ent), Chile, and Colombia. Partner: Mexico

Case stories Overview 73

South-south.indd 73 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Overview: In 2007, the Uruguayan government Budget (optional): At the time of writing, annual set out to undertake a process of institutional contributions had been made by Mexico and Chile reform regarding international aid management totalling US $6 million. and geared toward increasing the impact of aid in national and regional development. During this [LAC-22] Argentina-Bolivia—Managing process, the program coordination settled for a genetic resources in the Tucuman rain forest strategy based upon partnerships with key agen- cies in the region in the framework of South-South Organization(s): National Institute of Farming cooperation agreements. Technology and Tropical Agriculture Research Duration: March 2008 to August 2010 Center) Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Martin Country(ies): Argentina and Bolivia Rivero Illa Overview: Traditionally, forestry activity in Latin Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Program Coor- America has been characterized for its extractive dinator/Director of the International Cooperation and selective exploitation of forests, producing Department of the OPP high vulnerability on native forests with high-com- mercial-value resources, such as Cedrela lilloi and City: Montevideo, Uruguay Cedrela balansae. In the Tucuman-Bolivian For- est, a large part of these populations is subject to [LAC-21] México-Chile—Joint cooperation fund severe fragmentation and degradation processes, thus requiring the technical cooperation of Argen- Organization(s): Economic Relations and Inter- tina and Bolivia in order to evaluate the conserva- national Co-operation Unit/Directorate General tion state of these resources and to delineate some of Technical and Scientific Co-operation, Ministry appropriate strategies of joint conservation. of Foreign Relations, And International Co-opera- tion Agency of Chile Duration: June 2009 to November 2010 Country(ies): Donors and recipients: Mexico and Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Luis Chile, since this is horizontal cooperation Fornes Overview: The Mexico-Chile Strategic Partnership Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator of Agreement (SPA), signed on January 28, 2006, pro- the National Project for Native Species Domesti- vides for the creation of a joint cooperation fund cation of Argentinean Subtropical Forests (INTA) with an annual endowment of US $2 million dur- City: Tucuman, Argentina. ing the first three years of operation, with Mexico and Chile each contributing US $1 million. [LAC-23] Argentina-Peru—Investing in The aim of the fund is to finance technical-scien- agrarian health tific and education-cultural cooperation programs, projects, and activities in the public sector, based Organization(s): National Agrarian Health Ser- on reciprocity, shared interest, and complementa- vice of Peru (SENASA) and La Plata University rity, addressing political-institutional, democracy, (Argentina) human rights, economic, environmental, labour, Country(ies): Donor: Argentina. Recipient: Peru cultural, social, agricultural, forestry, tourism, and educational issues. Overview: The Diagnostic Center of Animal Health of SENASA didn’t have the required condi- Duration: Starting month: March 20, 2007. Fin- tions or the trained staff to start its diagnosis work ishing month: No specific date on avian health. For this reason, the center found it

74 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 74 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. convenient to request assistance from Argentina to there were few mechanisms and forums aimed at train Peruvian professionals on this subject matter. promoting the exchange of experiences in DDR. Thus, the TSSC strategy on DDR objective is to The project relied on the consultancy of experts provide an actionable plan to improve DDR prac- from La Plata University in Argentina, who worked tices by filling this void. This cooperation strat- for over four years. It was a triangular cooperation egy began as a response to Colombia´s interest in project with Japan. internationalizing its experience and the need to By the end of the project, SENASA counted on understand the global know-how in DDR. How- trained staff and was carrying out diagnoses it ever, the development of the process has taken its couldn’t perform before. The project also impacted own dynamic and follows a path led by the specific universities, partnerships of producers, and profes- needs and interests of the countries that partici- sionals who have been indirectly trained. pated in the first International Congress on DDR Duration: Started in 2003 and ended in 2006 organized by the ACR. Budget (optional): Due to the fact that this is a Duration: The strategy started in February 2009 South-South cooperation project, there was no and it is estimated to end on the first quarter of budget management right from the beginning. The 2011 estimated cost of the project was approximately US Budget (optional): Government of Colombia: US $100,000, including in-kind contributions. This is $500,000; Government of : US $50,000; one of the weaknesses in South-South cooperation, Government of Brazil: US $30,000; Government since there is no management of a fixed budget and of the Philippines: US $35,000; United Nations only tickets and travel allowances are estimated. Development Program: US $150,000; UN DPKO: Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Carlos Pando US $5,000; OIM: US $50,000. To be funded: US Sánchez $250,000. Total: US $1,070,000 Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Execu- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Juan Viana tive Director, Peruvian Agency of International Title of Primary Contact Person(s): International Cooperation Cooperation Advisor, Office of the Presidential City: Lima, Peru High Counselor for Reintegration City: Bogotá, Colombia [LAC-24] Colombia—Deepening disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration [LAC-25] Ecuador-Bolivia—Fighting together against dengue Organization(s): Office of the High Presidential Counselor for Reintegration (Colombia) (ACR) Organization(s): Ministry of Public Health of Country(ies): Haiti, the Philippines, Brazil, Sri Ecuador Lanka, the Department of Peace Keeping Opera- Country(ies): Ecuador. Partner: Bolivia tions of the United Nations (DPKO), and Colombia Overview: In the year 2009, Bolivia presented a Overview: Disarmament, demobilization, and large number of dengue hemorrhagic cases in its reintegration (DDR) processes require not only tropical areas. For this reason the government considerable human and financial resources, but, declared a public health emergency in the area more importantly, innovative solutions that can and requested international support. In the past only be attained with the contribution of every few years, the Ecuadorian government developed experienced practitioner in this field. Up to 2009, technical capacities in order to face and control

Case stories Overview 75

South-south.indd 75 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. the dengue hemorrhagic, thus enabling Ecuador to Duration: January to March 2009 deliver a mission of ten experts on the subject with Budget (optional): US $208,478 the purpose of controlling the epidemic. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Maria T The initiative that was implemented focused on: Mellenkamp • Epidemiologic surveillance Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator, • Outbreak control Section of Electoral Technical Cooperation/Depart- ment for Electoral Cooperation and Observation • Community participation and inter-institu- tional coordination City: Washington, DC • Appropriate clinical management of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic [LAC-27] Brazil-Colombia—Rural energization Duration: Ten days, from March 20–29, 2009 Organization(s): Mining and Energy Planning Budget (optional): Estimated budget: tickets Unit, Ministry of Mining and Energy and accommodations: US $42,000; Equipment Country(ies): Recipiente: Colombia and inputs: US $372,000; Experts: US $5,454.5; Overview: Brazil’s South-South technical bilateral Input transportation: US $16,142.25. Total: US cooperation covers several diverse areas such as $435,595.75 agriculture, education, and bio-energy. In 2009, Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Gustavo ABC had conducted the implementation of 594 Adolfo Giler Alarcón projects and activities in benefit of 56 countries. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): International This included trilateral South-South operations Cooperation Coordinator, MPH with developed countries and international orga- nizations. From 2003 to 2009, the number of City: Quito, Ecuador partner countries on Brazilian cooperation grew by 150 percent, with projects and activities of over [LAC-26] Mexico-Ecuador—Sharing electoral US $90 million. systems Duration: October 2006 to April 2007 Organization(s): Organization of American States Budget (optional): Total: US $27,630.00 (OAS), Department for Electoral Observation and Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Márcio Lopes Cooperation, Mexican Electoral Federal Institute Corrêa (IFE), the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judi- ciary (TEPJF), and the Ecuadorian National Coun- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): General Coor- cil for Elections (CNE) dinator of Multilateral Technical Cooperation Country(ies): Mexico and Ecuador City: Brasilia, Brazil Overview: In preparation for Ecuador’s general elections in April and May 2009, the OAS and [LAC-28] Colombia-Chile—Transmilenio as a the IFE signed an agreement to provide electoral public transportation option cooperation to Ecuadorian electoral authorities. Overview: The construction of a mass transporta- To support this initiative, they combined efforts tion system involves institutional, financial, oper- with TEPJF by sending experts to Ecuador to col- ational, and even cultural challenges, inasmuch laborate with CNE staff in electoral organization, as it constitutes a structuring element of urban communication, electoral training, and other elec- planning. toral tasks.

76 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 76 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. In cities with large populations, mass transporta- ChileCompra, with the aim to modernize the tion systems of the BRT (bus rapid transit) kind system of public purchases and contracts of represent an optimum solution for passenger the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The transportation due to their relatively moderate implementation of the system used by ChileCompra cost and implementation periods if compared to entailed significant financial savings. It also other alternatives such as subway systems, light responded to the needs of the General Secretariat trains, and the like. They also allow passengers to of the Governor’s Office of the Province of Buenos interconnect different zones of the cities, generat- Aires by substantially improving productivity, ing benefits for users. To be successful, each city transparency, and access of small- and medium- must adapt these improvements to its particular sized businesses. basic needs. Duration: This experience was initiated in March Transmilenio, the public mass transportation sys- 2008, when the Provincial Office of Public Man- tem of Bogotá, is one of the eldest among its own agement and the Office of ChileCompra made kind and has consolidated as an efficient, self-sus- contact. The project is currently under its imple- tainable, and successful system. Thus, its experi- mentation phase. ence is useful for the design and implementation of Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Miguel Ángel similar systems. Being aware of that, Transmilenio Mouriño S.A. has designed a portfolio of services in order to share its knowledge with who may require it. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Provincial Director of Public Management Duration: Initial visits from the Chilean govern- ment to Bogotá in order to become familiar with City: La Plata, Argentina the Transmilenio case: December 2002. Period of consultancy to Aditiva S.A.: August 15 to Septem- [LAC-30] Costa Rica-Chile—Improving the ber 19, 2006 assessment of budget management

Budget (optional): Technical-assistance contract Organization(s): General Office of National Bud- value between Transmilenio S.A. and Aditiva S.A.: get, Ministry of the Treasury of Costa Rica; Public US $9,000.00 Budget Office, Ministry of the Treasury of Chile Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Martha Lucía Country(ies): Provider: Chile. Recipient: Costa Gutiérrez Echeverri Rica Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Trading Direc- Overview: The promulgation of the new Financial tor, Transmilenio S.A. Management and Public Budgeting Law (LAFRPP) City: Bogotá, Colombia No. 8131 of 2001 in the Republic of Costa Rica demands an effective accountability for the use of financial resources based on the development of [LAC-29] Chile-Argentina—Innovating the system of public purchases and contracts a programming and assessment methodology of budgetary management for the above-mentioned Organization(s): General Secretariat of the entities. Governor’s Office of the Buenos Aires Province In principle, I have been working as an officer with and Chilecompra Office in Chile expertise on the topic, and in a latter, more active Country(ies): Argentina and Chile stage, I have worked in the directive level on the implementation of said methodology with a spe- Overview: Experience exchanges and technology cial emphasis on the organs of the Central Govern- transfers were performed from the entity ment of Costa Rica.

Case stories Overview 77

South-south.indd 77 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Duration: Start: 2007. End: At the moment, the adolescents in Haiti on the basis of a methodology project is in the phase of generalizing the expe- developed by DAGPyPS and UNICEF in Argentina. rience to the rest of the public sector. This phase Duration: The GPdNH project started to gestate was gradually put into effect, having currently by mid-2007, and its effective implementation advanced to approximately 80 percent, and is started in May 2009. The project is expected to anticipated to be concluded by 2012. conclude by March 2010. Budget (optional): Activities have reached an Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Martin approximate cost of US $500,000,00 that were Langsam contributed to the Program by the IDB through the PRODEV Program. There was a national Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Member of the counterpart of approximately US $ 100,000,00, Argentinean team (from DAGPyPS) which have fundamentally been assigned in-kind City: Buenos Aires, Argentina as human-resource provisions and other material resources assigned in the program. [LAC-32] Peru-Argentina—Olive growing Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Fabián David (preliminary) Quirós Álvarez Organization(s): Export Promotion Commis- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): General Dep- sion (PROMPEX) (now known as PROMPERU), uty Director of National Budget National Institute of Agricultural Technology City: San José, Costa Rica (INTA) of Argentina. Country(ies): Provider: Argentina (financing [LAC-31] Argentina-Haiti—Improving public through the Argentine Co-operation Fund). Recip- expenditure on childhood ient: Peru Organization(s): Office of Public Expenditure Overview: Given its climate and geographic Analysis and Social Programs (DAGPyPS), Depart- location, Peru is one of the few countries in the ment of the Ministry of Economy and Public world where olives can be left to ripen on the Finance (Argentina); National Observatory of tree before being harvested. Despite these natural Poverty and Social Exclusion, Department of the advantages, there are a number of deficiencies in Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation the way this crop is cultivated, owing to ignorance (Haiti); Office of Economic Studies, Department of good practices, as well as in its processing (BPM/ of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (Haiti); HACCP/ISO) and in marketing and technical Argentinean Horizontal Cooperation Fund; funds standards. managed by the Ministry of Foreign Relations, PROMPEX identified Argentina as a country with Foreign Trade and Religious Affairs (MRECIyC) experience in growing this crop, and it requested (Argentina); United Nations Children’s Fund technical assistance from INTA. This was imple- (UNICEF) (Haiti) mented in successive stages with highly positive Country(ies): Argentina, Haiti and sustainable results and visible impact on farm- ers in the southern zone of Peru. Overview: The GPdNH project is a contribution to the strengthening of Haitian government’s Duration: 1999–2006 capacities to quantify, analyze, and make decisions Budget (optional): As it forms part of the South- regarding social investment on Haiti’s children. South scheme, it does not have an identifiable Specifically, the project intends to estimate public budget, but it is estimated at around US resources invested for the growth of children and $100,000.

78 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 78 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. [LAC-33] OAS—Measuring water courses national Co-operation Department of the Ministry (preliminary version) of Foreign Relations and Worship, National Con- servation Areas System (SINAC) of the Ministry of Organization(s): Hydro-meteorological services of the Environment and Energy (MINAE), Ministry countries of the Central American isthmus and the of Agriculture (MAG), Cooprena R. L. Colombia: Dominican Republic Presidential Agency for Social Action and Inter- Country(ies): Recipients: Belize, Costa Rica, El national Co-operation (Acción Social), Alterna- Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, and the tive Development Programme of the Office of the Dominican Republic. Donors:��������������� Germany.����������� Cooperat- President of the Republic, the Productive Forest ing organizations: United Nations Global Platform Steward Families Programme PFGB-P, and the for the Promotion of Early Warning and United Presidential Programme to Combat Illegal Crops. Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduc- Country(ies): Donors: Costa Rica (technical) tion. Agencies cooperating in the organization and Germany (financial). Recipient: Colombia IDEAM (Colombia) and World Meteorological (technical) Organisation (WMO) and INETER (Nicaragua). Overview: Twenty-one professionals from seven Overview: South-South co-operation helps to cre- countries received training on techniques for ate shared responsibility and solidarity between measuring water courses (liquid and solid). The neighboring countries whose specialists under- workshop instructor was provided by IDEAM stand their economic, cultural, and social reality. (Colombia). The project was organized by DDS/ This is the first SSC with Colombia on issues in OAS as part of the “Programme for flood vulnera- which Costa Rica has wide experience and leader- bility reduction and development of early warning ship, involving both public and private organiza- systems in minor river basins in Central America: tions. The aim is to strengthen relations between Development of a regional platform,” supported Costa Rica and Colombia by jointly building a by INETER (Nicaragua) and the WMO. solid and permanent bilateral SSC program. Duration: November 16–27, 2009 Duration: May 12–22, 2008. Community tour- ism in Costa Rica and its projection in Central Budget (optional): Government of Germany USD America, supported by COOPRENA R. L. (total 40,000.00; WMO: USD 3,000.00; INETER Nic- duration: eleven days). Support for the exchange aragua: USD 6,000.00; IDEAM Colombia: USD of community experiences in managing and restor- 5,000.00 ing ecosystems, supported by MINAE (total dura- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Javier Lopez tion: five days). Internship on the development of organic agriculture and the restoration of for- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Coordinator est ecosystems in Costa Rica, supported by MAG of the “Programme for flood vulnerability reduc- (total duration: five days). tion and development of early warning systems in minor river basins in Central America: Develop- Budget (optional): The total cost of the project ment of a regional platform.” was US $31,189.

City: San Bernardino, California Name of Primary Contact Person(s): María Chaves Sánchez [LAC-34] Costa Rica-Colombia—Promoting community rural tourism Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Project Ana- lyst, Multilateral Co-operation Unit, MIDEPLAN Organization(s): Costa Rica: Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (MIDEPLAN), Inter- City: San José, Costa Rica

Case stories Overview 79

South-south.indd 79 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. [LAC-35] Colombia-Brazil—Promoting exports [LAC-36] PAHO—Overseeing food and through the official postal service nutritional security

Organization(s): Government of the Federative Organization(s): Pan-American Health Republic of Brazil, Ministry of Communications of Organization/World Health Organization, the Brazil, Ministry of Development, Industry and For- Health Ministries of the countries involved, eign Trade of Brazil; Government of the Republic of University of Puerto Rico, University of Costa Colombia, National Planning Department—Project Rica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa campus Coordinator; Ministry of Information and Commu- (Mexico), Nutrition Institute of Central America nication Technologies, Servicios Postales Naciona- and Panama (INCAP) les S.A. (National Postal Service), Ministry of Trade, Country(ies): Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Industry and Tourism, Department of National Mexico, and Puerto Rico Taxation and Customs, PROEXPORT—Export and Tourism Promotion Agency in Colombia. Stra- Overview: Food and nutritional surveillance tegic partnerships with Regional Competitiveness involves a permanent process of compiling, Commissions, ANALDEX, ACOPI—organizations analyzing, and disseminating the information providing business development and advisory ser- needed to maintain up-to-date knowledge of vices to microenterprises and SMEs. nutritional status and its determinant factors, describing its distribution and trends, predicting Country(ies): Colombia, Federative Republic of possible variations, and supporting decision- Brazil making processes. INCAP has been supporting Overview: Under the auspices of the Initiative Central American countries and a number of higher for the Integration of South American Regional education institutions in Mexico to provide human Infrastructure (IIRSA), cooperation between the resource training in the food and nutritional health Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of area, as well as the design and implementation of Colombia, formalized through the memorandum food and nutritional surveillance systems, at the of understanding to promote the “Exports by post national, sector, and local levels. for micro, small-, and medium-sized enterprises— Exportafácil” project, signed on December 2, Duration: March to December 2009 2008, aims to formulate and implement the proj- Budget (optional): US $61,400 ect in Colombia. The objective is to enable micro, Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Dr. Rebecca small-, and medium-sized enterprises to gain access de los Rios to the international market, through a simplified export system that uses the country’s official postal Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Senior Advisor, service: Servicios Postales Nacionales (4-72). The Partnerships and Alliances, Pan-American Health project seeks to provide a logistics solution based Organization on using the infrastructure of the public postal ser- City: Washington, DC vice, which has a universal service mission.

Duration: Start date: September 2009 [LAC-37] PAHO—Vaccination on the Budget (optional): USD 388,000 Argentina-Brazil border Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Juan Camilo Organization(s): Pan-American Health Organiza- Granados Riveros tion/World Health Organization Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Deputy Direc- Country(ies): Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, tor of Chile, Guyana, French Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, City: Bogotá, Colombia Surinam, Uruguay, and Venezuela

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South-south.indd 80 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Overview: The project’s final purpose is to elimi- Duration: Start: October 12–16, 2009. Finish: nate rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and November 29–December 2009. The SSC experi- to consolidate the elimination of measles in the ence is expected to be continued by developing a . The proposal envisions immunization distance-training program for staff of the technical of populations who reside and circulate through support unit, on criminal and criminology topics, formal and informal border points (blind spots) in in 2010. This has already been planned, and the countries that share borders with Argentina and corresponding contacts have been made. Brazil. The project is expected to achieve the vaccina- [LAC-39] Guatemala-Colombia—Improving tion of 95 percent of population identified in the the quality of the ombudsperson institution border-crossing points. It also expects to bring the Organization(s): Public Criminal Defence Institute same coverage level to border municipalities. (IDPP) Duration: August to November 2008 Country(ies): Guatemala Budget (optional): Total cost: US $571,451. Overview: The Public Criminal Defence Institute Including contribution from national parties is an autonomous body within Guatemala’s justice (human resources, infrastructure, supplies) and system. Its functional organizational structure is from PAHO/WHO. designed for, and targeted on, low-income persons Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Rebecca de seeking access to justice, and it ensures respect for los Rios due process. It also serves women, girl children, and adolescents who have been victims of violence Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Senior Advisor in all forms, fulfilling its mission by providing free City: Washington, DC legal advice and assistance. Duration: Start: August 24–29, 2009. Finish: November 16–20, 2009. The SSC experience is [LAC-38] Guatemala-Colombia—Improving public defence (preliminary version) expected to be continued in the future, with the arrival of a Colombian expert on management Organization(s): Public Defence Institute of systems in June 2010, to monitor and support the Guatemala action plan as formulated, and to participate in the AIDEF congress to be held in June 2010, organized Country(ies): Guatemala by the Public Defence Institute of Guatemala. Overview: The Public Criminal Defence Name of Primary Contact Person(s): María Del Institute, an institutionalised, autonomous, and Carmen Ortíz functionally independent body, is responsible for ensuring access to justice and due process. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Special Adviser Although it is the smallest institution in the of the General Management Division on Strategic justice system, it plays a leading role in pursuing Planning, International Co-operation and Projects democratic justice. In fulfilling its activities, it City: Guatemala receives specialized assistance on forensic issues to ensure procedural balance and equal resources in the process. Its activity goes beyond the simple [LAC-40] Mexico-Paraguay—Maquila sector capacities interpretation of forensic reports by promoting the inclusion of scientific evidence media through Organization(s): Ministry of Industry and Trade technical support to promote the rights of (MIC) of Paraguay/National Council of Maquila defendants. Export Industries (CNIME).

Case stories Overview 81

South-south.indd 81 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Country(ies): Donors: Mexico and Japan. Recipi- [LAC-42] Guatemala-Colombia— ent: Paraguay Implementing the electronic signature Overview: Mexico-Japan trilateral cooperation for Organization(s): Ministry of the Economy of Gua- third countries aims to implement joint activities temala (MINECO), Planning and Programming of major impact and scale, taking advantage of the Secretariat of the Office of the President of Gua- strengths of comparative advantages of the two temala (SEGEPLAN), Industry and Trade Superin- countries. tendency of Colombia (SIC), Presidential Agency for Social Action and International Co-operation During the project, a dynamic and participatory of Colombia (Acción Social). joint venture was undertaken between the three countries in which experts from the Ministries Country(ies): Cooperation recipient: Guatemala. of Economy and Finance and Public Credit of Cooperation provider: Colombia Mexico transferred experiences, knowledge, and Overview: In Guatemala, legislative and institu- techniques to MIC/CNIME. Special technical tional development to enable the use of electronic assistance was also provided by a Mexican maquila signature services began in 2009. As part of that firm acting as an external consultant. process, the Government of Guatemala sought Duration: Thirty-five months. Starting month: assistance from Colombia, which has ten years of November 2004. Finishing month: September 2007. experience in the regulation and use of such serv- ices. The cooperation consisted of an exchange Budget (optional): Approximately US $97,355.00 of experts, and although still underway, it has already produced results such as the creation of [LAC-41] Mexico–Promoting university forums and working networks for better exchange exchanges with Central America of experiences on the subject. Organization(s): Supreme Council of Central Duration: The internship in Colombia lasted American Universities (CSUCA) from July 26, 2009, to July 31, 2009. Although Country(ies): Donor: Mexico. Beneficiaries: Belize, the internship in Guatemala was scheduled for Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, November last year, it has not been possible to Nicaragua, and Panama. carry it out owing to budgetary problems. Overview: The program aims to expand and Budget (optional): Phase I: US $5,325.00 consolidate systems for transmitting, creating, and (MINECO staff in Colombia). Phase II: US applying scientific and technological knowledge by $3,550.00 (SIC staff in Guatemala) (not yet under- promoting the formation of human resources on taken). Total: US$ 8,875.00 priority issues for regional development and the Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Ervin Arturo study of the most pressing problems. The program Cano Romero will be undertaken through invitation sent to Mexican and Central American academics who Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Under-Secre- already collaborate through academic cooperation tary for Information Technology, Ministry of the projects in priority areas such as education, Economy of Guatemala health, disaster prevention, tourism, environment, City: Guatemala, Guatemala agriculture, and livestock breeding. The aim is to support five to ten projects per year [LAC-43] Brazil-Colombia—District recycling Duration: Ten years. Starting month: 1998. Finish- capacities ing month: December 2010. Organization(s): Public Utilities Executive Unit— Budget (optional): US $30,000.00 Municipality of Bogotá

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South-south.indd 82 19/03/2010 04:20:50 p.m. Country(ies): Recipient: Colombia Country(ies): Transferors: Guatemala and Ecua- dor. Recipients: Bolivia, Costa Rica, and Mexico. Overview: Brazil’s bilateral South-South technical Coordination: FIIAPP (Spain) and UIBA EURO- cooperation covers various areas such as agricul- sociAL Justice consortium: Germany, Brazil, ture, education, and bio-energy. In 2009, the ABC Colombia, Costa Rica, Spain, France, , implemented 594 projects and activities benefit- and Mexico, together with the OAS Justice Stud- ing 56 countries, including trilateral South-South ies Center for the Americas. Over 900 institutions operations with developed countries and interna- have participated in EUROsociAL Justice activi- tional organizations. Between 2003 and 2009, Bra- ties, 70 percent of them from Latin America. zil’s cooperation partner countries grew in number by 150 percent, with projects and activities worth Overview: The project forms part of the EUROso- around US $90 million. ciAL Justice program, a technical cooperation ini- tiative between the EU and Latin America, based Duration: August 2006 to October 2008 on the exchange of experiences between the public Budget (optional): US $40,188.00 agencies of the two regions. Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Márcio Lopes Support has been provided for creating ombud- Corrêa sperson institutions in recipient countries (Bolivia, Title of Primary Contact Person(s): General Coor- Costa Rica, and Mexico), in which ombudsperson dinator of Multilateral Technical Cooperation institutions and colleges of lawyers collaborate to improve access to justice by providing free legal City: Brasilia, Brazil assistance to the most underprivileged prison pop- ulation. In defining the tasks of the ombudsper- [LAC-44] EuroSocial—Promoting son institutions, experiences (good practices) have ombudsperson institutions been exchanged with Guatemala and Ecuador.

Organization(s): Leader of the EUROsociAL Jus- Duration: January to December 2008 tice program consortium: International Founda- Budget (optional): US $222,094.14 tion for Ibero-America of Public Administration and Policies (FIIAPP) (coordination); Institution Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Inma Zamora responsible for the project: Ibero-American Union Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Technical of Colleges and Associations of Lawyers (UIBA); Director of the EUROsociAL Coordination Office Transferor organizations: UIBA Social Defence City: Madrid, Spain Office of the College of Lawyers of Pichincha (Ecuador), Provincial Court of Pichincha, Insti- tute of Public Criminal Defence of Guatemala; [LAC-45] PROCASUR—Taking paths to Recipient organization Bolivia: College of Law- learning yers of Oruro (Bolivia), with collaboration from: Organization(s): Regional Corporation PRO- the Technical University of Oruro. Mexico: Pubic CASUR, FIDA, Ford Foundation Defence Institute of Veracruz (Mexico), with col- laboration from: the Federation of Colleges, Bars Country(ies): Latin America: Bolivia, Peru, Ecua- and Associations of Lawyers of the State of Vera- dor, Chile, and Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, cruz; Veracruzana University, Costa Rica: Public Venezuela, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Defence Service of Costa Rica, with collaboration Salvador, Mexico, and Costa Rica. Africa: Malawi, from: the College of Lawyers of Costa Rica, Min- Uganda, Rwanda, Mozambique, South Africa, istry of Justice of Costa Rica, University of Costa Tanzania, and Kenya. Asia: Bangladesh, India, and Rica. Sri Lanka

Case stories Overview 83

South-south.indd 83 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. Overview: “Paths to Learning” is a training meth- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Consultant for odology implemented in Latin America, Africa, UN-INSTRAW when the SSC was developed and Asia to expand the capacities of rural devel- City: Toronto, Canada, and Bogotá, Colombia opment stakeholders. It forms part of the South- South cooperation strategy, whereby public and private institutions that invest on behalf of poor [LAC-47] Nicaragua—Managing information, rural population groups, capitalize on experiences, promoting ownership circulate good practices, and upscale innovations Organization(s): Secretariat of Economic Affairs that improve the effectiveness and efficiency of and Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs local and rural development policies, programs, and projects. Country(ies): Nicaragua. There was no participa- tion from donors. Duration: 2006–2010 Overview: Due to different SSC initiatives on the Budget (optional): US $200,000.00, 1.5 donors, part of different donors and institutions, it was five PROCASUR and partners imperative to make a country-led effort to try to Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Gloria Ochoa coordinate, gather information, and establish an Title of Primary Contact Person(s): President, Pro- organized management mechanism through an casur Corporation electronic platform, from a demand perspective. It was also necessary to clearly identify those coop- City: Santiago, Chile erators interested in trilateral funding for SSC.

[LAC-46] UN-INSTRAW—Learning from Duration: 2000–2005 women’s representation in local governments Budget (optional): It was carried out with the coun- (preliminary version) try’s own capacities, and funded with resources Organization(s): United Nations International from the general national budget. Research and Training Institute for the Advance- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Mauricio ment of Women (UN-INSTRAW) and PROCASUR. Gómez Lacayo Country(ies): Costa Rica, El Salvador, Domini- Title of Primary Contact Person(s): International can Republic, Bolivia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, AND Advisor in Cooperation and Development : Managua, Nicaragua Overview: This is an experience-based training program known as “Paths to Learning” in which women representatives of local councils and [LAC-48] Argentina-Paraguay—Promoting human rights and public interest clinics in municipalities visited Central American munici- niversities palities that have made outstanding progress in reducing gender inequalities. By the end of the Organization(s): Center for Socio-Legal Studies “path,” the participants submitted proposals to (Argentina), Universidad Columbia (Paraguay), apply what they had learned from the training in and Universidad Católica de Asunción (Paraguay) their countries and municipalities. Women from Country(ies): Recipients: Argentina and Paraguay Central and South America participated. Overview: CELS—relying on more than a decade Duration: August 2008 (one week), although fol- of work experience with human rights legal clin- low-up extended for a further two months. ics—in alliance with Columbia University and Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Martha Univesidad Católica Nuestra Señora de Asunción Barriga in Paraguay, have designed, formalized, and con-

84 Boosting South-South Cooperation in the Context of Aid Effectiveness

South-south.indd 84 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. solidated two public interest clinics that ensure peace-keeping purposes, women empowerment, development of two aims: training of professors and youth education. and students in legal techniques for the defense and Duration: Activities started in 2007 and the proj- protection of human rights in practice, and access ect is still in implementation. (New activities are to justice instances for traditionally excluded regularly planned and presented to stakeholders minorities such as indigenous peoples, migrants, and continuation depends on support from each and inmates. partner involved in the triangulation.) Duration: 2007–present. Budget (optional): US $3,606,695.00 (from Budget (optional): All exchange, training, and January 1, 2008–March 31,2009; combined transfer of skill actions between Argentinean contributions from Canada, Norway, and United CELS and Paraguay universities have been feasible Nations) thanks to the support of the National Endowment Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Talita for Democracy (NED). 1) Collaboration Proj- Yamashiro Fordelone ect Framework CELS-Paraguay, submitted to the NED agency. 2) Working Paper on legal clinics. 3) Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Research Agreement between CELS from Argentina and the Assistant, Development Cooperation Directorate Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de Asunción (OECD/DCD) de Paraguay. City: Paris, France Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Diego Morales [LAC-50] Chile-Paraguay—Modernizing Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director, Liti- parliaments with new technologies gation and Legal Defense Area Organization(s): Senate of the Chilean Republic City: Buenos Aires, Argentina and Congress of the Republic of Paraguay Country(ies): Donor: Chile. Recipient: Paraguay [LAC-49] Rio Vivo, Brazil-Haiti—Respect for Bel Air, Port-au-Prince Overview: This South-South cooperation activity consisted of a software donation, including source Organization(s): NGO Viva Rio (Brazil), Cana- codes and implementation, which entailed a trans- dian International Development Agency, Norwe- fer of technology but also of those administrative gian Church Aid processes regarding the information tool. There Country(ies): Brazil, Canada, Haiti, Norway (tri- was a joint work with the legislative and informa- angular cooperation between DAC donors and tional areas of the above-mentioned organizations Southern partners) that extended to the production phase of the infor- mation system. Overview: The project “Honor and Respect for Bel Air” aims to promote reduction of armed vio- Duration: The starting date of this cooperation lence and urban rehabilitation in the neighbor- was September 4, 2006 (date in which the hood of Bel Air, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. It is led by institutional cooperation covenant was signed) the Brazilian nongovernmental organization Viva and its ending date was December 2007, on Rio with the support of the Brazilian Embassy in which occasion the Legislative Information Haiti, Canada, Norway and international orga- System was formally introduced to the citizens nizations. The areas of intervention are diverse, in a ceremony held at the Paraguayan Congress. including water supply, solid waste management, The system was put into force in March of the and education. Activities are often associated with following year.

Case stories Overview 85

South-south.indd 85 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. Budget (optional): The software, gratuitously Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Martín donated by the Chilean Senate to the Congress Orlando of Paraguay, was priced at nearly US $1,000.000 Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Manager of (when developed for the Senate of Chile). The International Relations adaptation and implementation costs were cov- ered with funds of the Project “Congress Modern- City: Buenos Aires, Argentina ization” (Congress of the Republic of Paraguay), financed by the World Bank. The total amount [LAC-52] Center for Digital Inclusion— assigned to the project is unknown. Investing in networks Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Roberto Bus- Organization(s): Center for Digital Inclusion (CDI; tos L formerly known as the Committee for Democracy Title of Primary Contact Person(s): in Information Technology) City: Chile Country(ies): Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Jordan. CDI [LAC-51] Argentina—Sharing mutualism Community Centers exist in 66 communities and 22 municipalities in Argentina; and respectively Organization(s): Organization of Mutual Enti- Chile has 51/11; Columbia: 4/2; Ecuador: 16/4; ties of the Americas (Odema), Mutual Entities of Mexico: 30/21; Peru: 5/5; Uruguay: 32/10; Brazil: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, 650+ community centers in 23 regions; and Jor- the Dominican Republic, and Uruguay. Mutual dan: 120 schools. Society for Family Protection (AMPF) (Argentina) Overview: Delivering on our mission, the CDI Country(ies): Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, network is working to replicate CDI’s experi- Mexico, Peru, Dominican Republic, and Uruguay ence and educational strategy in a true model Overview: The activity to which this case makes of “social franchise” globally, leading to human reference is the assistance provided by the Mutual and community development through ICT edu- Society for Family Protection of Argentina (AMPF) cation and citizenship-building skills that trans- to the member entities of the Organization of form lives and communities. Today, CDI schools Mutual Entities of the Americas (Odema) in the graduate 70,000 students per year from 800-plus above-mentioned countries for the exchange of schools in 9 countries from the global South. knowledge and operational experience on mutual Since 1995 we have graduated more than 1.25 health, social work, economic aid, pharmacy, and million students. communication services. This is done with the aim Duration: Founded in 1995, CDI is an ongoing proj- to provide more and better social services to low- ect expanding outside of Latin America in 2009. income populations of those countries. Budget (optional): Annual Operating Budget: US Due to the scarce presence of the state as a provider $2,542,740 (4.5 million Brazilian Reais) of basic services in many of these regions, mutual- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Christine ism has always been an alternative for people with Clauser no access to state services and who are unable to afford the cost of private service provision. Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Executive Director CDI USA Duration: Phase I: November 5–8, 2007. Phase II: Octo- ber 14–16, 2008. Phase III: November 25–27, 2009 City: New York

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South-south.indd 86 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. [LAC-53] Cuba-Colombia—Learning the Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Head of the benefits of sericulture (silk farming) Sericulture Project in Cuba Organization(s): Experimental Pasture and Forage City: Matanzas, Cuba Station of Cuba, Ministry of Higher Education, Cauca Silk Farming Development Corporation, and the Presidential Agency for Social Action and Global Cooperation International Co-operation. [GL-1] World Bank—Investing in South-South Country(ies): Main countries participating in the knowledge exchange cooperation agreement: Colombia and Cuba. Other countries participating in forums and exchanges Organization(s): World Bank related to the subject: Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Country(ies): Global Guatemala, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela Overview: The South-South Experience Exchange Overview: Sericulture encompasses a group of cul- Trust Fund (SEETF) is a flexible funding mecha- tural activities based on silk, including the produc- nism to facilitate just-in-time knowledge and tion of mulberry trees, silkworms, threads, fabrics, experience exchanges among development prac- and products used in medicine, cosmetics, and for titioners. The facility is designed to respond to other end-user benefits. specific demands from low-income countries that Thanks to the experience shared with Colombia, want to learn from their counterparts in other silk farming in Cuba is currently a mechanism developing countries. for improving incomes in rural areas, since it is Duration: Ongoing initiative. Launched October a source of employment for men and women in 2008 the sector; it involves various society stakeholders such as peasant farmers, families, students, and Budget (optional): US $4.35 million persons with disabilities; and it is a source of ani- Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Gudrun mal food, organic fertilisers, and medicinal uses. Kochendorfer-Lucius Duration: The project began in June 2008 and has Title of Primary Contact Person(s): Director, not yet finished. World Bank Institute Capacity Development and Name of Primary Contact Person(s): Roberto Car- Partnerships Department los Fiallo Madruga City: Washington, DC

Case stories Overview 87

South-south.indd 87 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. South-south.indd 88 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. Credits

The Task Team on South-South Cooperation would Michael Dickerson, Rajiv Kumar and Surabhi like to express its deep gratitude to all people and Tandon (all Indian Council for Research on Inter- institutions who have submitted their experiences national Economic Relations) despite all restraints in time and resources. Fur- thermore, the case story process and this catalogue Support in Latin America and the Caribbean: have benefitted from the collaboration of the fol- Andrés Osorio, Angela María Noguera, and Caro- lowing organizations and supporters: lina Camacho (all Fedesarrollo)

Platform in Africa: Bankole Adeoye, Florence Naz- Global core team: Daniel Duque (Enlaza), Jeff are, Luke Wasonga, and Samuel Nyambi (all New Kwaterski (Impact Alliance), María Clara Sanin Partnership for Africa’s Development) Betancourt (Enlaza), Nils-Sjard Schulz (policy advisor), Norma Garza (Impact Alliance), and Sil- Platform in Asia: Angie Cortez, Ilaria Caetani, via Chaves O’Flynn (Enlaza) Manju Senapaty (all Asian Development Bank),

Credits 89

South-south.indd 89 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. South-south.indd 90 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. Concept Note Implementing Accra: South-South cooperation in the context of aid effectiveness 1 (Final draft—September, 24, 2009)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Interpreting article 19 of the AAA, three main lines of synergies are identified: This concept note delineates the conceptual and analytical basis for the analytical work that the • Adapting the PD and AAA principles to SSC Task Team on South-South Cooperation (TT-SSC) (AAA art. 19a); will conduct in order to map and analyze South- • Enriching the aid effectiveness agenda with South cooperation (SSC) practices and their syner- the practices and experiences of SSC (AAA gies with the aid effectiveness agenda, in particular art. 19b); and the Paris Declaration (PD) and the Accra Agenda • Identifying complementarities between SSC for Action (AAA). Acknowledging the rich diver- and North-South cooperation (AAA art. sity of SSC, the analytical work of the TT-SSC will 19e). concentrate on South-South technical cooperation as a tool for capacity development and a trigger Along these lines, the concept note offers a for more equitable and horizontal development detailed overview of the hypotheses emerging partnerships, particularly among middle-income from the AAA (see Section 3 and Annex 2). The and low-income countries. adaptability of the five PD principles (ownership, alignment, harmonization, managing for results, and mutual accountability) to SSC is explored, while the aid effectiveness agenda might learn 1 Concept note prepared jointly with the Task Team on South- from concrete contributions of SSC in areas such South Cooperation (TT-SSC) members by Nils-Sjard Schulz, TT-SSC policy advisor ([email protected]). as a good-fit technical cooperation, a broader

Concept Note 91

South-south.indd 91 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. development agenda, regional and multilateral as a tool for effectively achieving development learning, improved coordination, and a more results and shaping more horizontal development equitable development partnership. Synergies partnerships. with North-South cooperation could be fostered The analytical work of the TT-SSC is of critical by clarifying the comparative advantages of relevance for the different stakeholders involved in South-South technical cooperation and triangular South-South cooperation: cooperation as a main entry door for collaborative modalities. • Partner countries providing SSC, particu- larly middle-income countries (MIC)2 as providers and recipients, seeking a consis- 1. PURPOSE tent conceptual and operational adaptation of the Paris and Accra principles to their As a starting point for the analytical work of the particular institutional and technical char- Task Team on South-South Cooperation (TT-SSC) acteristics, capacities, and interests; of the Working Party on Aid Effectiveness (WP- • Partner countries receiving SSC interested EFF), this concept note creates the conceptual and in diversifying their “menu” of development analytical framework for the case studies that, cooperation on the basis of evidence on in line with the TT-SSC objectives, will map and comparative advantages of SSC, particularly analyze SSC practices and their synergies with with regard to capacity development and the Paris Declaration (PD) and Accra Agenda for technical cooperation; Action (AAA) principles. • Multilateral and regional organizations The AAA includes an approach for understand- aiming to foster South-South learning pro- ing SSC in the context of the aid effectiveness cesses within more effective and inclusive agenda, which is framed by the following three development partnerships and seeking to lines: understand good practices and operational choices of support; • Adapting the PD and AAA principles to • Traditional donors desiring to engage in SSC; innovative aid modalities, such as triangu- • Enriching the effectiveness agenda with the lar cooperation and direct support to SSC, practices and experiences of SSC; and and interested in mutual learning processes • Identifying complementarities and synergies on aid effectiveness, including collaborative between SSC and North-South cooperation. coordination at the country, regional, and global level; From these three angles, the TT-SSC will map • Civil society organizations participating in and analyze effective SSC, which will help to South-South learning and mutual exchange, identify emerging good practices of SSC in the especially in their role as actors for devel- context of aid effectiveness (for more detail on the opment on their own right, that desire to analytical process, see Annex 1). contribute to more effective and inclusive At the general level, the analytical work on development partnerships; threefold good practices will feed into a Southern- led implementation of the AAA and enhance 2 the overall process leading from the 2009 Accra This concept note will focus particularly, although not exclu- sively, on middle-income countries (MIC), which are defined High Level Forum (HLF) via the 2010 Colombia in terms of the income categories of the World Bank based HLE to the 2011 Korea HLF (see Annex 1). on GNI per capita. In 2008, MIC (including lower- and upper-middle-income economies) achieved a GNI between It is thus a mirror of the strong commitment of 976 and 11,905 USD per capita. For more details, see http:// partner countries to the aid effectiveness agenda go.worldbank.org/K2CKM78CC0.

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South-south.indd 92 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. • Academia and experts, particularly from driver for capacity development (CD),3 with devel- developing countries, that are working on oping countries and donors agreeing to “promote SSC, triangular cooperation, and the aid the provision of technical cooperation by local and effectiveness agenda, and have an interest in regional resources, including through South-South innovative networking and learning on SSC cooperation” (art. 14b). within the aid effectiveness agenda. This framework for understanding and pro- moting SSC in the context of the overall aid 2. BACKGROUND effectiveness agenda is addressed by the TT-SSC, a Southern-led initiative facilitated by Colombia Based on a longstanding history of solidarity and endorsed during the WP-EFF meeting on April among developing countries, SSC has been intro- 1, 2009, with strong support by partner countries, duced into the Accra Agenda for Action (AAA) donors, and multilateral organizations. Commit- as an essential element for acknowledging and ted to implementing the AAA provisions on SSC, enhancing the role of Southern actors within more the TT-SSC aims, in a first step (until the HLE effective and inclusive partnerships for develop- 2010), to map and analyze SSC practices and their ment. The Accra round table nine became an out- synergies with the aid effectiveness agenda, and, in standing opportunity to introduce a broader vision a second step (until the HLF 2011), to foster the of how new development actors could engage in identification and agreement of good practices on the effectiveness agenda on the basis of key mes- SSC in the context of the Paris Declaration and the sages presented in the corresponding Issues Paper AAA. In general terms, the TT-SSC is also expected (OECD 2008b, 2008c). During the negotiations in to serve as a platform for collaboration and net- Accra, SSC was one of the key priorities of partner working among southern countries and organiza- countries and particularly MIC. Thus, the inclu- tions interested in peer learning and South-South sion of SSC in the AAA reflects vividly the desire exchange. of partner countries to become proactive drivers This concept note thus constitutes a central tool of the achievement of the development results and for the TT-SSC in its commitment with the imple- ultimately the transformation of the current aid mentation of the AAA commitments on SSC. architecture into a more equitable global gover- nance of aid. As a result of this broader process, the AAA 3. UNDERSTANDING SSC IN THE sheds a sharp light on SSC as a pillar for “more CONTEXT OF AID EFFECTIVENESS effective and inclusive partnerships.” Concretely, the AAA stresses “the role of middle-income coun- Tracing the insertion of SSC in the context of the tries as both providers and recipients of aid” and PD and the AAA requires a brief review of the defi- “recognize[s] the importance and particularities nitions and roots of both SSC and the aid effective- of South-South cooperation and acknowledge[s] ness agenda. that we can learn from the experience of develop- The aid effectiveness agenda, with the PD and ing countries” (art. 19b), while also encouraging the AAA as international agreements endorsed by development actors engaged in SSC to “use the more than 100 countries, constitutes a long-term Paris Declaration principles as a point of reference in providing development cooperation” (art. 19a). Based on the “principle of noninterference, equal- 3 Following the 2008 Bonn Consensus, capacity development is “a fundamental change process requiring that a) develop- ity among developing countries, and respect for ing countries commit to the capacity development of their their independence,” the SSC constitutes “a valu- human resources, systems, and institutions at all levels, and able complement to North-South cooperation” b) external partners commit to strengthen their own capacity and adapt their approaches to deliver responsive support for (art. 19e). Finally, SSC is also defined as a key capacity development.”

Concept Note 93

South-south.indd 93 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. process of building a more horizontal partner- was followed up by a High Level Committee at ship between donor and partner countries around the UN General Assembly. SSC achieves particular the effective use of foreign aid resources for the relevance for MIC in the aftermath of the interna- achievement of development results such as the tional agreements on concentrating aid and devel- Millennium Development Goals. The aid effec- opment efforts in less developed countries, such as tiveness agenda reflects a set of commitments for the 2000 Millennium Declaration and the 2002 development cooperation that were agreed upon at Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Develop- the intergovernmental level during the High Level ment. While potentially receiving increasingly lim- Forums in Paris (2005) and Accra (2008). For the ited development financing, but simultaneously purpose of the TT-SSC work, a politically sensi- engaging in the provision of SSC and particularly tive lecture of the five aid effectiveness principles South-South technical cooperation, MIC intend (defined by the PD) is useful and looks into two to position themselves in a shifting aid architec- essential dimensions of the PD: on the one hand, ture as recipients and providers of aid. Today, SSC the technical aspects include good practices in the constitutes a complex mosaic of actors, scales, and principles of alignment, harmonization, and man- modalities (see ECOSOC 2008a, Manning 2006, agement for results; on the other hand, through Kumar 2008, Rowlands 2008, and SEGIB 2008), ownership and mutual accountability, the politi- ranging from rather isolated activities to budget cal spirit aims to overcome the asymmetries inher- support and large-scale loans. A basic distinction ent in cooperation between the North (donor) can be made between technical and financial coop- and the South (partner country). Both dimensions, eration, the latter including loans and debt relief, the technical and the political, form the core of as well as budget and balance of payment support the partnership between donors and recipients. (see ECOSOC 2008a). Triangular cooperation, Reinforcing the PD, the AAA creates the basis of with traditional donors supporting SSC among a stronger role of partner countries in the inter- developing countries, is often observed as an addi- national aid architecture, guiding the aid effec- tional booster for SSC and could create a corri- tiveness agenda toward a more horizontal global dor for the complementarity between SSC and governance of aid, and introduces a stronger bid traditional North-South cooperation (ECOSOC for development effectiveness, that is, the effective 2008b). However, there is still a gap of research, achievement of development results. In this regard, analysis, and data on the effectiveness and impact SSC, among other elements, such as capacity devel- of SSC, as well as its political and technical fea- opment, fulfills an important function in fostering tures within the new aid architecture. the diversity of roles, contributions, and choices The unique diversity of SSC and its by partner countries and particularly MIC com- modalities creates an inspiring environment for mitted to implementing the Paris and Accra provi- understanding its synergies with aid effectiveness. sions, which are both providers and recipients of Most developing countries receive a mix of SSC, aid, playing thus a pivotal role between traditional with much appreciated support in crucial areas for North-South cooperation and SSC. their development, such as trade and foreign direct South-South cooperation is a multilayered form investment. Furthermore, SSC entails a strong of development cooperation with a history of political component, as SSC delivery is often more than fifty years. Initiated in Southeast Asia, related to foreign policy agendas and a high-level SSC was promoted in the 1960s and 1970s by commitment to Southern development agendas the United Nations (UN), particularly the G-77, and more horizontal relations, for example, at the and other multilateral platforms such as the Non- UN level. Alignment Movement. A key policy document is While acknowledging the diversity and underly- the 1978 Buenos Aires Plan of Action for Technical ing dynamics of SSC in all its expression, the ana- Cooperation among Developing Countries, which lytical efforts of the TT-SSC will focus on technical

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South-south.indd 94 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. cooperation (TC),4 although other forms of coop- become providers themselves. Furthermore, eration, especially if a TC component is included, LIC might also help to integrate SSC in the should be considered on an ad hoc basis. The TT- existing aid effectiveness mechanisms at the SSC has identified this specific niche on the basis country level. In sum, SSC enables LIC to of its comparative advantages as a Southern-led become proactive partners in the evolving platform committing to the implementation of international aid architecture; the AAA, but will engage as actively as possible • SSC-focused analysis might contribute learn- in coordination with other complementary ana- ing and feedback to a key concern of devel- lytical efforts that are currently being conducted, oping countries: the quality of and national for example, at the UN Development Cooperation leadership in coordinating TC, which are Forum (for more detail, see Section 6). critical to country ownership over develop- Apart from the need for a specific niche, the fol- ment processes. lowing key issues illustrate why TC represents a key dimension of SSC within the implementation of the AAA: 4. HYPOTHESES: UNPACKING THE ACCRA MANDATE • The AAA identifies SSC (art. 19) as a tool for capacity development (art. 14), particu- Several assumptions can be made about the par- larly in the realm of TC provided by local ticularities and comparative advantages of South- and regional resources, and thus sets a clear South TC with respect to North-South technical framework for concentrating on TC as an cooperation. The existing literature (Sanín Betan- effective feature of SSC and as a tool for court and Schulz 2009, Kumar 2008, and Scott capacity development; 2009) illustrates different aspects of uniqueness • SSC within the aid effectiveness agenda is a that still need to be explored from a critical per- process primarily encouraged by (and for) spective in the analytical work of the TT-SSC. MIC that are engaging in sharing knowledge The following distinctive features of SSC within and expertise. The specific type of horizon- the aid effectiveness agenda can be highlighted: tal and equitable partnership (for example, based on mutual learning) is unique and • Capacity development: South-South tech- needs to be differentiated from the one nical cooperation tends to strongly focus related to financial transfers. However, on capacity development as a process coordination with studies on the broader (as opposed to a product), where techni- SSC agenda will be ensured (see Section 7); cal cooperation is embedded as a tool for • South-South TC has a strong potential to mutual learning; foster the role of low-income countries (LIC) • A broader choice of support, leading to by diversifying their options of develop- horizontal partnerships: South-South tech- ment cooperation, creating more horizontal nical cooperation offers a different type of relationships, and opening opportunities to relationship and might improve the diversity of choices for technical cooperation at the country and regional level, while also creat- 4 For the purpose of this study, technical cooperation (TC) seeks to enhance the human and institutional capacities (for ing more horizontal forms of development example, skills, knowledge, and expertise) of persons and partnerships; institutions in developing countries and to create an environ- ment conducive to development. Among its tools, technical • Cost effectiveness: Drawing on regional assistance, and advice, training, student programs, and insti- and national resources, value for money of tution-building are relevant expressions of TC. (Note: this South-South technical cooperation is per- definition needs to be revised with comments and suggestions by TT-SSC members.) ceived as clearly superior;

Concept Note 95

South-south.indd 95 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. • Demand-driven character: Given the scarce The following figure illustrates the environment resources and the horizontal relations and dynamics of SSC in the context of the aid between the partners, South-South technical effectiveness agenda: cooperation is more aligned with the recipi- ent’s priorities and needs; • Adaptability: Since recipient and provider share similar development challenges, SSC in all SSC in aid Aid effectiveness its diversity effectiveness agenda (Paris and South-South technical cooperation might agenda Accra) provide highly adapted and relevant solu- Adapting PD/AAA tions (for example, in technological, cul- Enriching PD/AAA tural, and linguistic terms); Complementarity • Southern knowledge: South-South techni- cal cooperation diversifies the generation of knowledge and expertise beyond industrial- ized models. 5. ACTORS AND PLATFORMS: TOWARD PARTNERSHIPS AND While focusing on South-South TC, the COMPLEMENTARITIES following three basic assumptions on SSC in the context of aid effectiveness are highlighted by the The TT-SSC will coordinate as far as possible its AAA: conceptual and analytical work with other pro- cesses, platforms, and organizations, engaging as • Adapting the Paris and Accra principles to well international experts and academia for feed- SSC (“point of reference”, AAA art. 19a) back and peer reviews. could be pursued by considering owner- The planned case studies are of particular rel- ship, alignment, harmonization, managing evance for a coordinated partnership approach, for results, and mutual accountability as an since the TT-SSC desires to complement its own orientation for SSC; efforts (around ten case studies) with the ongoing • Enriching the Paris and Accra principles analysis and research conducted by other actors. with the practice and experiences of SSC Possible paths include the sharing of criteria, terms (“learn from the experience of develop- of reference, and experts for the case studies. Par- ing countries” and “role of middle-income ticularly, the TT-SSC intends to engage in strate- countries”, AAA art. 19b) could emerge gic collaboration with the following organizations from the particular characteristics of SSC and platforms. and thus enrich the overall aid effectiveness During its second phase (2009–2010), the Devel- agenda, particularly with respect to capac- opment Cooperation Forum (DCF) at ECOSOC ity development, technical cooperation, and will build on its previous work on SSC (ECOSOC mutual learning; 2008a, 2008b), aiming to increase the develop- • Complementarity with North-South ment impact of South-South and triangular coop- cooperation (“a valuable complement”, eration. A South-South Working Group has been AAA art. 19e) might be explored through established at the DCF. Highly relevant syner- the increasing diversity in technical gies of the TT-SSC analytical work might appear cooperation and opportunities for triangular in the context of a DCF-commissioned study on cooperation, including the use of regional improved SSC data and voluntary reporting (until mechanisms. November 2009), improved analysis of how the

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South-south.indd 96 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. effectiveness of SSC might be increased (until April and global goods and environment, which might 2010), and the consensus on desirable indicators become references for the TT-SSC work. for SSC effectiveness (during the 2010 DCF). For more than five years, the Inter-American The South-South Cooperation Unit at UNDP is Development Bank (IDB) has been conducting conducting a survey on SSC and triangular coop- case studies on SSC on regional public goods and eration through field research in sixteen countries policies with a focus on development effectiveness. in close collaboration with the national govern- These analytical efforts and the experiences in ments. The focus is on policy design, institution managing the case studies might constitute crucial building, partnership, budgeting, M&E, scaling-up orientation points for the TT-SSC in addressing the and sustainability. regional perspective in LAC. UNDP/UNDG is conducting case studies on The DAC (DCD) is currently finalizing a study middle-income countries, capacity development, on triangular cooperation and two country-level and SSC, which will feed into the Global Event on mapping exercises (in Tanzania and Mozambique) Capacity Development in November 2010 (tbc). on ODA and SSC, identifying complementarities Several activities have been developed with agen- after Accra. cies from middle-income countries over the last The second phase of the Paris Declaration months. evaluation is an outstanding opportunity to foster The work on capacity development will also be South-South mutual learning processes and gener- coordinated with LenCD, in particular at the coun- ate inputs to the ongoing North-South assessment try level and within regional learning processes. process. A bid for regional promotion of the aid Close coordination is also planned with the CD effectiveness agenda (regional workshops during Alliance, particularly regarding its aim to design a the second phase of the evaluation) could create code of conduct on technical assistance (CD Alli- an outstanding opportunity to link the TT-SSC ance Annual Work Plan SO 3.1). work with the broader learning on aid effective- The World Bank Institute (WBI) will be a key ness while fostering a more proactive role of part- partner for innovative South-South learning proc- ner countries. esses. The WBI’s Capacity Development and Part- SEGIB is continuing its work on reporting on nerships Department is building up a South-South SSC in LAC, which is highly relevant for under- practitioners network, will launch a South-South standing regional dimensions, expressions and practice group, and will support the conceptual experiences in the region. The Ibero-American and methodological design of the case studies. The Programme on Horizontal SSC was launched in WBI is also managing the South-South Experience late 2008 and will gather experiences and identify Exchange Facility, which aims to shape experience good practices where very relevant synergies could by sharing lessons learned and is currently con- emerge. ducting case studies. The specific added value of The Capacity Development for Development the WBI for the TT-SSC work is its technical and Effectiveness (CDDE-Asia Pacific) Facility is a methodological capacity to create linkages and strategic partner for mutual learning in a South- mutual learning between development partners. ern-led regional network, facilitating collaboration The Asian Development Bank (ADB) docu- across countries in the Asia-Pacific by govern- ments case studies and experiences of SSC as a ment officials, parliamentarians, civil society rep- part of its ongoing work on regional cooperation resentatives, and donors in solving common aid and integration, with capacity development com- effectiveness challenges. The CDDE Facility, and ponents among the countries of the Asia-Pacific the South-South peer initiatives it supports—on region. These cover areas of infrastructure devel- issues ranging from mutual accountability to aid opment, trade agreement facilitation and research, effectiveness and parliamentarians—can provide

Concept Note 97

South-south.indd 97 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. a strong case study for South-South cooperation ness Community of Practice. The CDDE Facility supported through a multidonor facility. Individ- itself represents a good practice in building coun- ual initiatives being implemented under the CDDE try-level capacity for aid effectiveness through its can also be good references for the Task Team technical and financial support for South-South on South-South Cooperation. The CDDE Facil- exchange and knowledge management. ity is governed by a steering committee including Civil society organizations such as the North- six partner country members and three donors South Institute are conducting activities on South- (ADB, Japan, and the World Bank), is supported ern perspectives on the global development finance by a joint ADB-UNDP secretariat, and works to architecture, in general, and technical coopera- a constituency of more than 500 hundred partner tion, in particular, which might become additional country members of the Asia-Pacific Aid Effective- inputs to the work of the TT-SSC.

ACRONYMS

AAA Accra Agenda for Action ADB Asian Development Bank AfDB African Development Bank CD Capacity development CDDE Capacity Development for Develop- ment Effectiveness Facility DAC Development Assistance Committee ECOSOC Economic and Social Council HLF High Level Forum HLE High Level Event IADB Inter-American Development Bank LAC Latin America and the Caribbean LenCD Learning Network on Capacity Development LIC Low-Income Country MIC Middle-Income Country OECD Organisation for Economic Co-opera- tion and Development PD Paris Declaration SEGIB Ibero-American General Secretariat SSC South-South cooperation TC Technical cooperation TT-SSC Task Team on South-South Cooperation UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme WBI World Bank Institute WP-EFF Working Party on Aid Effectiveness

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South-south.indd 98 19/03/2010 04:20:51 p.m. 2011 Seoul Input to operational Conceptual, HLF in Seoul strategic, and inputs to 2011 practices and good Case studies operational Conceptual, strategic, and inputs to 2010 HLE in Bogotá Regional meetings Case stories

agenda and defining effectiveness SSC within aid Understanding and Criteria hypotheses Analytical work of the TT-SSC—The way to Seoul 2011 way TT-SSC—The of the work Analytical note from art. 19) from art. Implementing AAA (mandate Concept

Anexos ANNEX 1

Concept Note 99

South-south.indd 99 19/03/2010 04:20:52 p.m. Related Paris Declaration / AAA commitments / Declaration Related Paris “Respect partner country leadership (…)” PD 15: “Respect partner country leadership it” PD 15: “(…) and help strengthen their capacity to exercise and designed to support country will be demand driven support for capacity development AAA 14b: “Donors’ (…)” ownership. countries will lead in defining developing Where country systems require further strengthening, AAA 15c: “(…) assistance.” will support these reforms and provide capacity development Donors and priorities. reform programs countries’ national statistical capacity in strengthening developing (…) will support and invest AAA 23c: “Donors including those for managing aid.” and information systems, - and devel dialogues, policy support—country strategies, commit to base their overall PD 16 (indicator 3): “Donors and periodic reviews of progress in strategies national development partners’ programs—on opment cooperation (…)” implementing these strategies identify areas where there is a need to strengthen the capacity countries will systematically AAA 14a: “Developing services (…)” to perform and deliver - capacity develop and financial support with partners’ commit to align their analytic PD 24 (indicator 4): “Donors - and harmonize support for capacity develop use of existing capacities, effective make and strategies, ment objectives ment accordingly.” and ii) cooperation, select and manage technical will i) jointly countries and donors AAA 14b: “(…) developing including through South-South local and regional resources, by cooperation promote the provision of technical cooperation.” that changes to promote operational together at all levels will work countries and donors “Developing AAA 14c: support more effective.” capacity development make veness: Hypotheses emerging from the AAA Hypotheses emerging from the veness: Description of hypothesis SSC in the context of aid effecti SSC in the context The design and implementation of SSC should be adapted and aligned to national priorities and programs as well national and sector strategies. SSC can strengthen national capacities for an effective leadership on development including learning and aid coordination, procurement, on country systems of PFM, and cost-effective M&E as well statistics, the corresponding diagnostic tools. Supporting national capacity development objectives and strategies is inherent to SSC and should be done in a harmonized way and effectively using existing capacity. Country ownership, particularly national Country ownership, demand and leadership in SSC coordination, is crucial for the effectiveness of SSC.

1. Adapting the Paris and Accra principles to SSC (“point of reference”, AAA art. 19a) AAA art. principles to SSC (“point of reference”, Accra and Adapting the Paris 1. Alignment 1.2. 1.1. Ownership 1.1. ANNEX 2

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South-south.indd 100 19/03/2010 04:20:52 p.m. Related Paris Declaration / AAA commitments / Declaration Related Paris Donors commit to (…) work with partner countries to rely, as far as possible, on partner countries’ as possible, as far with partner countries to rely, commit to (…) work “ Donors “Donors and partner countries jointly commit to reform procedures and strengthen incentives—including commit to reform procedures and strengthen incentives—including and partner countries jointly PD 36: “Donors and alignment, harmonization, toward management and staff to work and training—for appraisal, for recruitment, results.” coun - to developing will strengthen their own capacity and skills to be more responsive AAA 14a: “(…) Donors tries’ needs.” review and address will systematically We aid effectiveness. to improve will strengthen incentives AAA 23d: “We will Donors impediments to implementing international commitments on aid effectiveness. or administrative legal and staff changing organizational sufficient authority to country offices and more attention to delegating pay principles.” to promote behavior in line with aid effectiveness incentives PD 45: and monitoring, “on partner countries’ statistical, and results-oriented reporting and monitoring frameworks” systems (…).” evaluation will align their monitoring with country information systems (…) ” AAA 23c: “Donors and timely detailed, disclose regular, will publicly (…) Donors aid more transparent. will make AAA 24a: “We allocation (…)” information on volume, “Donors commit to (…) work together to reduce the number of separate, duplicative mis - duplicative together to reduce the number of separate, commit to (…) work PD 32 (indicator 10): “Donors to share lessons learnt and build a community sions to the field and diagnostic reviews; promote joint training of practice” and on how to advantages comparative countries commit to provide clear views on donors’ PD 34: “Partner donor complementarity at the country or sector level.” achieve at the sector or country level advantages comparative full use of their respective commit to make PD 35: “Donors (…)” - in supporting their develop countries will lead in determining the optimal roles of donors AAA 17a: “Developing (…)” levels. and sectoral regional, ment efforts at national, - - Description of hypothesis Capacity building of SSC agencies and including profession - organisms in MIC, and a good evaluation culture, alization, set-up of their organizational and staff are essential for achieving bet - incentives, ter effectiveness. Managing for development results improves the scope of relevance and needs to rely on transpar impact of SSC, detailed and timely informa - regular, ent, and should be aligned to country tion, information and M&E systems. Missions, analysis, and lessons learned on analysis, Missions, SSC should be shared and coordinated as far as possible among SSC providers and with traditional donors. identi are SSC of advantages Comparative fied by SSC recipients that are leading the coordination among SSC providers and with traditional donors. 1.5. Mutual 1.5. accountability 1.4. Managing 1.4. results for 1.3. 1.3. Harmonization 1. Adapting the Paris and Accra principles to SSC (“point of reference”, AAA art. 19a) (continued) AAA art. principles to SSC (“point of reference”, Accra and Adapting the Paris 1.

Concept Note 101

South-south.indd 101 19/03/2010 04:20:52 p.m.

Related Paris Declaration / AAA commitments / Declaration Related Paris Partner countries and donors commit to jointly assess through existing and increasingly assess through existing and increasingly commit to jointly countries and donors PD 50 (indicator 12): “ Partner mutual progress in implementing agreed commitments on aid effectiveness, mechanisms country-level objective Commitments” including the Partnership assessment Declaration—mutual will step up our efforts to ensure that—as agreed in the Paris AAA 24b: “We These reviews will be based on the declaration. endorsed 2010 in all countries that have reviews are in place by donor data and credible inde - country results reporting and information systems complemented with available and citizen with stronger parliamentary scrutiny practice on emerging good will draw They pendent evidence. with country agreed results in keeping other accountable for mutually will hold each them we With engagement. and aid policies.” development Forum is making to Cooperation the contribution that ECOSOC Development welcome AAA 31: “(…)We system to call upon the UN development We the international dialogue and to mutual accountability on aid issues. assistance.” management of development countries for effective further support the capacities of developing “Partner countries commit to provide clear views on donors’ comparative advantage and on how to advantage comparative countries commit to provide clear views on donors’ PD 34: “Partner donor complementarity at the country or sector level.” achieve at the sector or country level advantage comparative full use of their respective commit to make PD 35: “Donors (…)” - in supporting their develop countries will lead in determining the optimal roles of donors AAA 17a: “Developing (…)” levels. regional and sectoral ment efforts at national, (missing) “Developing countries will systematically identify areas where there is a need to strengthen the capacity countries will systematically AAA 14a: “Developing to and thematic—and design strategies sectoral, subnational, services at all levels—national, to perform and deliver address them (…)” and designed to support country will be demand driven support for capacity development AAA 14b: “Donors’ cooperation will (…) promote the provision of technical countries and donors developing this end, To ownership. including through South-South cooperation.” local and regional resources, by commit to align their analytic and financial support with partners’ capacity development objec - capacity development and financial support with partners’ commit to align their analytic PD 24: “Donors and harmonize support for capacity development use of existing capacities, effective make and strategies, tives accordingly.” identify areas where there is a need to strengthen the capacity countries will systematically AAA 14a: “Developing to address them (…)” (…) and design strategies services at all levels to perform and deliver and designed to support country will be demand driven support for capacity development AAA 14b: “Donors’ cooperation will (…) promote the provision of technical countries and donors developing this end, To ownership. including through South-South cooperation.” local and regional resources, by ) #3.1. “TC and S-S cooperation” objective plan 2009–2010 strategic Work Alliance ( CD - Description of hypothesis The global values of SSC (such as equity, The global values of SSC (such as equity, and consensus) are of high horizontality, relevance for boosting development including mutual account - partnerships, at the national, ability and mutual benefit, and global level. regional, The practice and experience of MIC their agencies/organisms as providers and recipients of development cooperation might improve the coordination of devel - opment cooperation at the country level, including division of labor. South-South experience exchange, South-South experience exchange, and mutual learning on expertise transfer, particu - shared development challenges, larly at the regional and multilateral level, is inherent to SSC. Due to its strong synergies with capacity capacity with synergies strong its to Due consistently to prone is SSC development, capacities, countries’ partner reinforce develop broader the regarding particularly ment agenda (for example, in coping with with coping in example, (for agenda ment change). climate or crisis economic the SSC is a demand driven, timely, techno - timely, SSC is a demand driven, linguistically and logically innovative, as well highly cost- culturally adapted, in terms of fees, effective (for example, accommodations, travel, use of facilities, TC, a good-fit form of that is, and so on), that might create learning processes on the impact, adaptability, alignment, relevance, TC and sustainability of the North-South agenda. 2.6. Boosting 2.6. development partnership - Improve 2.5. ment coordination 2.4. Regional 2.4. and multilateral learning 2.2. Broad 2.2. development agenda 2.1. Good-fit 2.1. TC AAA art. 19b) AAA art. 2. Enriching the Paris and Accra principles with the practice and experiences of SSC (“learn from the experience of developing countries” and “role of middle-income countries”, countries” and of developing of SSC (“learn from the experience and experiences principles with the practice Accra and the Paris Enriching 2.

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South-south.indd 102 19/03/2010 04:20:52 p.m. Related Paris Declaration / AAA commitments / Declaration Related Paris commit to align their analytic and financial support with partners’ capacity development objec - capacity development and financial support with partners’ commit to align their analytic PD 24: “Donors and harmonize support for capacity development use of existing capacities, effective make and strategies, tives accordingly.” identify areas where there is a need to strengthen the capacity countries will systematically AAA 14a: “Developing to and thematic—and design strategies sectoral, subnational, services at all levels—national, to perform and deliver address them (…)” objec - capacity development and financial support with partners’ commit to align their analytic PD 24: “Donors and harmonize support for capacity development use of existing capacities, effective make and strategies, tives accordingly.” and designed to support country will be demand driven support for capacity development AAA 14b: “Donors’ cooperation, select and manage technical will 1) jointly countries and donors developing this end, To ownership. including through South- local and regional resources, by cooperation and 2) promote the provision of technical South cooperation.” and designed to support country will be demanddriven support for capacity development AAA 14b: “Donors’ cooperation, select and manage technical will 1) jointly countries and donors developing this end, To ownership. including through South- local and regional resources, by cooperation and 2) promote the provision of technical South cooperation.” Description of hypothesis The demand-driven character, efficiency, efficiency, The demand-driven character, and adaptability of SSC create compara - tive advantages particularly in the realm of TC by national and regional resources that might be explored by traditional donors. SSC might improve the availability of TC by partner countries look - choices of ing for support in capacity development, especially if country systems and donors are more open to SSC providers. and inclusive, Among other collaborative, triangular coopera - innovative modalities, tion represents an entry point for synergies between SSC and North-South coopera - particularly in the realm of capacity tion, building with expertise from North and South. 3.1. Comparative Comparative 3.1. South- advantage TC South 3.2. Diversity of Diversity 3.2. TC for choices and CD Triangular 3.3. cooperation 3. Complementarity with North-South cooperation (“a valuable complement”, AAA art. 19e) AAA art. complement”, (“a valuable Complementarity with North-South cooperation 3.

Concept Note 103

South-south.indd 103 19/03/2010 04:20:52 p.m. ANNEX 3 Preliminary bibliography

Accra Agenda for Action. 2008. Morais, Michelle. 2009. “South-South Coopera- Andrade, Melissa. 2009. “Is the South Ready for tion in Times of Global Economic Crisis.” Inter- South-South Cooperation?” International Pol- national Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth, icy Centre for Inclusive Growth, Brasilia. Brazil. Bonn Consensus. 2008. OECD. 2008a. “Capacity Development: Accra and CD Alliance. 2009. First Annual Work Plan Beyond, Summary Conclusions of the Bonn 2009–2010. Workshop.” CDDE. 2009. “Supporting the Implementation of OECD. 2008b. Issues Paper for AAA Round Table the Paris Declaration and the Accra Agenda 9. Accra. for Action in Asia-Pacific.” Program document. OECD. 2008c. Summary on AAA Round Table 9. Bangkok. Accra. Chahoud, Tatjana. 2007. “South-South Coopera- OECD. 2008d. “Implications of the Changing Aid tion—Opportunities and Challenges for Inter- Architecture.” Chapter 9 in Aid Effectiveness— national Cooperation.” DIE. Bonn. A Progress Report on Implementing the Paris Culpeper, Roy, and Morton, Bill. 2008. “The Inter- Declaration. Paris. national Development System—Southern Per- Rowlands, Dane. 2008. “Emerging Donors in spectives on Reform.” North-South Institute, International Development Assistance.” Syn- Ottawa. thesis Report. Ottawa. ECOSOC. 2008a. “Trends in South-South and Sanín Betancout, María Clara, and Schulz, Nils- Triangular Development Cooperation. Back- Sjard. 2009. “South-South Cooperation in ground study for the Development Coopera- Latin America and the Caribbean: Ways Ahead tion Forum. Following Accra.” FRIDE comment. Madrid/ ECOSOC. 2008b. “Report of the Asia-Pacific Bogotá. Regional DCF—Trends and Progress in Trian- Schulz, Nils-Sjard. 2009. “On Track toward the gular and South-South Cooperation.” Bangkok. Global Governance of Aid.” FRIDE comment. Kumar, Nagesh. 2008. “South-South and Triangu- Madrid lar Cooperation in Asia-Pacific: Toward a New Scott, Zoë. 2009. “Southern Perspectives on Tech- Paradigm in Development Cooperation.” New nical Cooperation.” Analytical review and Delhi. annotated bibliography. GSDRC. Birmingham. Manning, Richard. 2006. “Will ‘emerging donors’ SEGIB. 2008. “II Informe de Cooperación Sur-Sur Change the Face of International Coopera- en Iberoamérica.” Madrid. tion?” Paris.

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