FORT RUGER MILITARY RESERVATION, ONE-UNIT ARMORY HABS HI-581-A (Fort Ruger, Building 301) HABS HI-581-A Diamond Head Crater Honolulu County

PHOTOGRAPHS

WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA

HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY PACIFIC WEST REGIONAL OFFICE U.S. Department of the Interior 333 Bush Street San Francisco, CA 94104 HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY

FORT RUGER MILITARY RESERVATION, ONE-UNIT ARMORY (Fort Ruger, Building 301) HABS No. HI-581-A

Location: Diamond Head Crater Honolulu Honolulu County Hawaii Latitude/ Longitude coordinates using NAD 83: Lat. 21.265040 Long. -157.804645 TMK: [1] 3-1-042:006 (portion)

Significance: Building 301 is associated with HIARNG activities in Diamond Head crater during the Cold War, and is individually eligible for the National Register of Historic Places on a state level, as well as a contributing resource in the Fort Ruger Historic District (FRHD) with a recommended expanded context that includes the Cold War.1 This armory is associated with increased National Guard troop recruitment and readiness in the Cold War period. The building, with spaces for training, offices, and storage, is also an example of one-unit armory plans designed in this period by DAGS.2

Description The title block on the original drawings for this 1962 building provides its historic name: One- Unit Armory for the Hawaii National Guard, Fort Ruger Military Reservation. As is typical for most HIARNG buildings, at the time of its completion it was also assigned a building number, 301. This building number is still applicable today, and is used within this report when referring to the entire building. Building 301 is a single-story concrete building with a T-shaped footprint that has overall dimensions of 174'-4" x 165'-0". The stem of the “T” contains a drill hall measuring 60'-8" wide and 102'-4" long. The height of this section is about 15' from floor to the top of its low-slope gable roof. The overhang of the drill hall eaves is 3'-0". The dimensions of the section forming the top of the T (front section) are 50'-8" x 174'-4", and the height to its roof ridge is about 12’ above the floor level. The eaves of the low-slope hip roof in this section overhang the walls by 4'-6". The building’s exterior walls are constructed of concrete masonry units (CMU), labelled “concrete hollow tile” on the original drawings. The width of the CMU in the drill hall walls is 12", while the front section of the building has exterior and interior CMU walls noted as 8" and 6”, respectively. The building has a concrete foundation walls that are 13" wide in the drill hall and 8" or 9" wide in the front section of the building. The foundations walls, footings, and grade beams support a concrete slab floor about 2' to 3' above the varying grade. The front section of the building has a centered main entry bay with a roof overhang that projects an additional 4'-6". This section has a wood-framed hip roof, sheathed with 2x8 (nominal) tongue and groove boards with a 1" in 12" slope that is covered in asphalt composite

1 Engineering-environmental Management, Inc. (e2M), Historic Buildings Survey and Evaluation Report of Ten Facilities, Hawaii (Englewood, Colorado: author, October 2009), p. ii. 2 e2M, Ten Facilities, p. 5-7. FORT RUGER MILITARY RESERVATION, ONE-UNIT ARMORY HABS No. HI-581-A (Page 2) roll roofing. The 4x10 (nominal) rafters are exposed at the overhanging eaves and taper to about 6" at their ends, which are covered by fascia boards. The roof ridge, over the central lengthwise corridor, has six rectangular skylights at the ridge, each approximately 1'-4" x 3'-4". The side walls of the office section are 8'-10" high, constructed of 8" wide, 4" tall x 16" long CMU, topped by a reinforced-concrete bond beam. The concrete foundation wall has a chamfered top edge, forming a water table. The front section has multi-light, aluminum-frame windows, typically with two-light awning sections or two-light awning sections above a fixed light. The inset part of the central entry space measures about 10' wide and about 8' deep from the front wall plane. This inset area has a veneer of cut CMU, which is labelled “slab tile veneer” on Sheet 12 of the drawing set. The detail of the veneer on this sheet notes that the “slab tile veneer” has raked horizontal mortar joints and butted vertical ends of the units. The detail also notes the veneer is “cut in half from 7 5/8" x 15 5/8"" x 13/16";” however, the last measurement is incorrect, since the actual height of each cut veneer course is approximately 2". This corresponds to half of a typical 8x16x4 (nominal) CMU. The inner part of the veneer walls (3'-4" closest to the doors) cant or slant inward to the entry. The entry, whose opening measures 6'-0", has double, flush, wood doors. The outer part of the entry area is flanked by 2'-6" wide buttresses of weathered lava rock set in concrete mortar that is mostly not exposed. The buttresses, about 12' apart, reach from grade to the eaves and project 6'-0" from the building wall. The entry area and the three concrete steps up to it have a brown, acid-stained concrete finish. The entry area, steps, and buttresses are sheltered by a section of the roof about 32' wide, which projects 4'-6" past the edge of the building eaves and is supported by metal pipe posts. The overall entry space depth, including the stone buttresses is about 14'. The ceiling at the entry is clad in (nominal) tongue-and-groove boards. Flanking the buttresses are large planter boxes of weathered lava rock set in concrete mortar. Other entries are located at the ends of the front section and have double metal doors with louver vent transoms. Each 6'-0" doorway is centered in 8'-0" wide vestibules that are inset 5'-0" from the outer wall plane. The doorway at the northeast end is flanked by concrete cheek walls and is accessed by two concrete steps up from grade. The doorway at the southwest end is accessed by a six-step concrete stair and landing with a solid concrete railing. The drill hall section has a very low-slope (½" in 12"), front-facing gable roof, supported by 13'-10" high side walls of CMU topped by a concrete bond beam. At this section of the building, the foundation wall rises only a short distance above grade, typically 1' or less. The overhanging eaves are closed by 1x8 (nominal) tongue and groove boards. The drill hall roof has ten skylights, each measuring 4'-0" x 5'-0". Windows in this section of the building are two-light, aluminum-frame awning sash set high on the side walls in gangs of five and six. The drill hall has a large-scale door opening, 13'-9' wide, with a metal roll-up door on the northeast side. On the southwest side is a personnel doorway, protected by a cantilevered concrete canopy. The opening for these double metal doors measures 6'-0" x 7'-0". The interior layout of the Building 301 originally consisted of a single, large space in the drill hall, which has been divided by added plywood partitions and wood doors at its southeast end. A vestibule adjoining the southeast end of the drill hall opens into a 10'-0" lobby that bisects the office section transversely and leads straight to the front (main) entry. In the office section, a corridor 8'-0" wide runs longitudinally down the center to provide access to the various rooms. In the original design, this section had offices, classrooms, toilet rooms, kitchen, locker room, storage room with vault, and library. FORT RUGER MILITARY RESERVATION, ONE-UNIT ARMORY HABS No. HI-581-A (Page 3)

The interior finishes of the drill hall include an acid-stained concrete floor, painted CMU walls, and four exposed steel bents supporting the roof at 20'-0" spacing. Each bent consists of a pair of I-beam posts with 6"-wide flange that support roof framing of 8"-wide I-beams with webs that taper from approximately 3' deep at the ridge to about 1' deep at the side walls. The roof deck is supported above the bents by 8"-high steel “Z” purlins, running longitudinally with 4'-0" spacing. The bents are braced by diagonal steel rods and the purlins are supported laterally by steel sag rods. The roof has ten skylights, each of which has a sliding metal cover on the interior. The awning windows of the drill hall, located high on the side walls, are fitted with ganged, hand-crank actuators. In the front section of the building, the roof framing and sheathing (2x10 tongue and groove boards) are exposed in the corridors and in some of the rooms. This framing is 4x10 (nominal) rafters with no ridge board, 2x10 (nominal) bridging between rafters about 10'-5" from the side walls, and 6x12 (nominal) hip rafters. Typical interior finishes and fixtures in the front section are acid-stained concrete floor, painted CMU walls, and fluorescent light fixtures. The vault (Room 16) has walls of reinforced concrete, rather than CMU. None of the drawings have indication of what was stored in the vault, but the floor plan shows a portable dehumidifier was specified. Interior doors are typically flush wood or flush metal, and almost all are 6'-10" high with various widths. There are smaller doors to the drying room of the shower area and to the pipe chamber between the toilet rooms. Most doors between the corridor and the rooms have hopper-sash transoms, measuring 1'-3" high by 3'-0" wide. Transoms over the doors leading to toilet rooms and custodial rooms have expanded-metal mesh, rather than glass. For the larger rooms there are additional transom-like openings, high in the corridor wall to aid cross- ventilation. These openings are 1'-3" high and 3'-6" wide. The vault in the storage room has a wide metal security door with industrial hinges. The landscaped area in the front and near the south corner of Building 301 includes a low retaining wall of weathered lava rock set in concrete mortar, which is shown on original plans. This wall is about 1' wide at the top and varies from about 1' to 2' high. It serves to retain the earth around Building 301 to prevent it from washing into the adjacent grassed drainage swale and nearby culvert, which is also constructed of lava rock and concrete. Near the south corner of the building the retaining wall is severely damaged in places, broken apart and pushed out of plumb, apparently due to hydrostatic pressure and inadequate foundation and drainage. The retaining wall has a total length of about 450'. The wall begins about 25' west of the south corner of Building 301’s front section and runs in a meandering path, straightening in a segment that parallels the front (southeast) side of the building, delineating its front lawn. There is a gap in the wall at the front pathway leading up to the main entry of the building, and then the wall continues in an angled and curving line, bowing out from the building to create a curved edge to the front lawn. The rock wall terminates at the southeast corner of the driveway. A flag pole is located in the northeast corner of the front lawn. The plantings around this building are limited to grass, a few coconut palms (Cocos nusifera), and ornamental shrubs along the retaining wall and portions of the front façade. Hedge-clipped shrubs are located in planters that frame the main entrance, in scattered plantings along the retaining wall, and in clusters near the building’s front wall.

History See HABS No. HI-581 for a history of the Fort Ruger Military Reservation, with a focus on the context of the Diamond Head crater portion. The section that follows below summarizes the changes made to Building 301 in the decades since its design, and also provides a context of construction in the twentieth century. The armory history, unless FORT RUGER MILITARY RESERVATION, ONE-UNIT ARMORY HABS No. HI-581-A (Page 4) otherwise noted, is derived from the Fort Ruger section of e2M’s 2009 survey of HIARNG facilities.3

Physical History of Changes to Building 301 Some of the changes to this building occurred between the design and construction phases. For instance, the 1961 original drawings show several more bands of high windows for the Drill Hall than were constructed. On the Drill Hall’s northeast side only one band of five windows, in the bay closest to the front of the building, was installed and the other four bays are windowless (the bay next to the windows has the roll-up door and the bay farthest from the front has a small opening for an exhaust fan). The Drill Hall’s southwest side has bands of high windows only in the two bays closest to the front of the building, although the design shows windows in four of the five bays (there is also a small exhaust-fan opening in the last bay). Since construction, the most obvious change to the design of Building 301 has been the insertion of numerous air-conditioning (AC) units such that almost every window grouping has been affected by these appliance installations. The placement and sizes of the AC units vary, so the original continuity of the fenestration pattern is visually disrupted. The expanded-metal mesh security screening over two groupings of windows nearest the east corner on the front facade also hide the original window design. Other changes to the building since its construction have been relatively minor. Alterations shown in a 1970 drawing apparently were never built. The drawing shows a wooden partition, with an opening, but no door, to divide the office next to the kitchen (Room 7) into two spaces, and a “vault” (secure storage installed in the Locker Room (Room 2) using steel angles and expanded metal.4 On an unnumbered floor plan for Building 301, dated “3 APR 85,” Room 7 is shown with the partition that was on the 1970 drawing, but if it was ever installed, the partition has since been removed. The 1985 floor plan shows Room 2 without a storage “vault;” but it does show the space divided into two rooms. The added wall, of tongue-and-groove boards topped by expanded-metal mesh, divided the original Locker Room into two spaces, now used as an exercise room and a storage room. One other room was shown on the 1985 floor plan with interior divisions. The original Library (Room 14) was to become three spaces for HIARNG’s Hawaii Military Academy (HMA) – for HMA Assistant Commandant, HMA Sergeant Major, and HMA Orderly Room. Since Room 14’s door was locked during the August 2016 interior site visit to the building, it is not known if the room is currently divided into three. The labels on several rooms in the 1985 floor plan show the 829th Company occupied or was about to occupy some areas of the building. A reunion notice shows this company is or was the 829th Ordnance Company.5 A 1998 drawing shows partitioning of Rooms 12, 13, and 14 (into exam rooms, waiting rooms, offices and admin space) at the northeast end of the front section.6 The drawing title indicates this was to be done for the State Area Command (STARC) Medical Detail or Detachment. Again, because doors to those rooms were locked, whether or not the modifications were done is not certain. However, it is likely partitions were installed in Rooms 12 and 13, since the ac units on the front of the building match the locations shown on the 1998 drawing, which would provide one ac unit for each exam room.

3 e2M, Ten Facilities, pp. 3-20 to 3-25. 4 State of Hawaii, Department of Defense, “Modification to Bldg 301, Diamond Head Crater, Fort Ruger, Honolulu, Hawaii,” Drawing No. A-2070. April 1970. 5 “297th Supply & Service Battalion Reunion,” Pupukahi (October 2003-March 2004): p. 4. 6 State of Hawaii, Department of Defense, “Bldg. 301Modifications for STARC Med Det, Fort Ruger, Honolulu, Hawaii,” Drawing No. A-798. March 5, 1998. FORT RUGER MILITARY RESERVATION, ONE-UNIT ARMORY HABS No. HI-581-A (Page 5)

The present occupants are HIARNG’s Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive Enhanced Response Force Package (CERFP). No drawings were found that indicated alterations made for these occupants. The other work on Building 301 indicated by drawings has been maintenance related. Two drawings indicate the building was repainted circa 1969 and 1986.7 Other drawings are related to waterproofing the roof in 1975 and 1987.8 Some of the lava rocks in the stone buttresses at the entry have fallen out, exposing the mortar behind. As noted in the description section above, some of the stone retaining walls around the sides of the building have missing stones or are close to collapse.

History of Hawaii National Guard Armories After the United States annexed Hawaii as a Territory and accepted the National Guard of Hawaii (NGH) as part of the U.S. military system, the Guard organization had several name changes. It became the Hawaii National Guard (HNG) in 1925, and after 1947 the HNG included a new aviation element, so the Army portion became HIARNG. The NGH found itself in need of armory facilities at the beginning of the twentieth century. Company D in Hilo, Hawaii rented space to drill, and Company I in Wailuku, Maui borrowed space at the police station to meet and to store arms and ammunition. Equipment was passed on to the HNG after a 1901 U.S. Army reorganization. However, a shortage of adequate storage and drill space soon became evident. The Territorial Legislature appropriated $40,000 in 1903 for armory construction in Hilo, Wailuku, and Honolulu. The armory at Hilo (still extant) was built in 1904, and Wailuku’s in 1905. Honolulu had to wait another ten years for its armory. The Honolulu armory’s construction was delayed because the property was owned by the federal government, who was unwilling, in the 1900s, to give it to the NGH, citing need of space for its own troops. The Guard wanted to build its Honolulu armory on the site of the Drill Shed used by the Republic of Hawaii’s National Guard. By 1912, with U.S. troops housed at Forts Ruger, DeRussy, and Armstrong, President Taft transferred the Drill Shed lot back to the Territory by Executive Order.9 Lahaina, Maui had its new armory by 1913, and the Honolulu armory was finally completed in 1915, after obtaining an additional appropriation from the territorial legislature. NGH then embarked on a recruitment drive to bring its troops up to full strength, consisting of twelve companies -- nine in Honolulu, two on Maui, and one on Hawaii. By 1935 the NGH had been renamed HNG and had armories of permanent construction materials in Honolulu and Hilo, with wood-frame armories at Hanapepe, Kauai; Honomu, Hawaii; Lahaina and Wailuku, Maui. Sugar plantations had loaned buildings to the National Guard for use as armories in Paia, Maui, and in Papaikou and Olaa (Keaau), Hawaii. In 1939 construction of another wood-frame armory served Company K, 299th Infantry Regiment at Kaunakakai, Molokai.

7 State of Hawaii, Department of Defense, “Repaint Exterior of Maintenance Armory, Diamond Head Crater, Fort Ruger, Honolulu, Hawaii,” Drawing No. A-2069. May 1969. and State of Hawaii, Department of Defense, “Repaint Bldg. 301, Fort Ruger, Honolulu, Hawaii,” Drawing No. A-1686. May 16, 1986. 8 State of Hawaii, Department of Defense, “Waterproof Roof, Bldg. 301, Fort Ruger, Honolulu, Hawaii,” Drawing No. A-376. October 1975. and State of Hawaii, Department of Defense, “Waterproof Roof, Bldg. 301, Diamond Head Crater, Honolulu, Hawaii,” Drawing No. A-987. March 6, 1987. 9 Charles Lamoreaux Warfield, History of the Hawaii National Guard (Presented as a Thesis to the University of Hawaii for a Master’s Degree in History, 1935), p. 61. FORT RUGER MILITARY RESERVATION, ONE-UNIT ARMORY HABS No. HI-581-A (Page 6)

Following World War II, the HNG reorganized and occupied its prewar armories, but also expanded by adapting Army warehouses and other buildings on Army or former Army installations. From the 1950s through the early 1970s the Korean and Vietnam Wars spurred growth in troop numbers and increased training demands to maintain a high state of readiness. Additional units on the neighbor islands allowed rapid responses to natural disasters and civil strife. At a national level, the need for new, modern facilities, to house and train increased troop levels, was recognized. In 1952 HNG foresaw the need for “twenty-five modern armories.”10 By 1965 HNG had new armory buildings for 24 units. The purpose of the Armories Construction Bill, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1950, was to bring National Guard facilities nationwide to a standard that supported the Guard’s federal and state missions. Appropriations for the program had to wait until 1952, but thereafter funding for National Guard construction projects across the country utilized federal and state or territorial monies in a 75/25 percent split. The Army Corps of Engineers prepared standardized plans, including designs for four prototype armories, ranging from one-unit to ten-unit buildings. Modifications of the prototype designs were permitted to accommodate regional needs. For this period of Cold War construction there are typically similarities of design and materials within a given state or territory, as seen in Hawaii. Ownership of federally funded armories reverted to the state after 25 years. The HNG built replacement or new facilities using the Federal-Aid Armory Construction Program plus Territorial funds. In Hawaii the HNG’s Cold War armories date between 1955 and 1965. In 1955 two Kauai armories involved renovations -- a former Army warehouse was converted into an armory in Kekaha and the Hanapepe armory had additions and other alterations. The following table lists the new armories constructed during those years.

NEW ARMORIES IN HAWAII CONSTRUCTED THROUGH FEDERAL-AID ARMORY CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM (1955–1965) Completion Date Location Size April 1955 Keaukaha (Hilo), Hawaii five-unit 1955 Hilo (Lyman Airport), Hawaii three-unit 1957 Kapaa, Kauai one-unit November 1957 Kahului, Maui one-unit 1957 Olaa (Keaau), Hawaii one-unit June 1958 Wahiawa, Oahu three-unit 1960 Fort Ruger (22nd Ave), Oahu [Building 300] four-unit 1961 Kealakekua, Kona one-unit April 1962 Fort Ruger (Diamond Head crater), Oahu [Building 301] one-unit June 1963 Fort Ruger (22nd Ave. and Puu Panini Place), Oahu three-unit May 1965 Honokaa, Hawaii one-unit

10 “Armory Construction Program,” Hawaii Guardsman, vol., 3, no. 1 ([Jan/Feb] 1952): p. 19. FORT RUGER MILITARY RESERVATION, ONE-UNIT ARMORY HABS No. HI-581-A (Page 7)

In the 1950s HNG construction focused primarily on neighbor-island armories. The Department of Public Works prepared standardized drawings for a one-unit armory, and also was a construction agent for the HNG. It is not clear how closely these drawings followed the Army Corps of Engineers standardized plans. The materials for the standard one-unit armory included steel-framing of the drill hall and “hollow tile” (term then used for CMU), as were used in Building 301, a 1962 armory. The details were slightly different in the 1950s one- unit armory design, since the central front-gable drill hall was surrounded on the front and sides by a flat-roofed section with offices, storage space, and restrooms. The three-unit Wahiawa armory, built in 1958, housed the 613th Ordnance Company. Like the 1955 three-unit armory at Lyman Field, Hilo its design included a large drill hall with surrounding offices and storerooms forming a courtyard. By 1960, the Wahaiwa units are listed as headquarters and batteries of the “2nd Msl Bn (Nike Hercules) 298th Arty.”11 Construction of this one-unit armory at Fort Ruger, Building 301, in 1962 also was for “the 613th Ordnance Company (Direct Support).”12 In the 1960s Hawaii’s armory construction was primarily confined to Fort Ruger, with each armory featuring a unique design. The four-unit armory (Building 300), completed in 1960, is located at the intersection of 22nd Avenue and Diamond Head Road. Originally it housed the Headquarters Detachment of the Hawai‘i National Guard, the 227th Engineer Battalion, the 120th Military Police Company, and the 111th Army Band. This larger armory had some similarities of design with the three-unit armories built at Wahiawa in 1958 and Hilo in 1955. In 1962, a new one-unit armory (Building 301) was completed inside Diamond Head Crater. Speakers at the dedication ceremony on July 28, 1962 included Lt. Governor James Kealoha, HIARNG’s General Makinney, and Captain Yamada, Commanding Officer of the 613th Ordnance Company. The occasion included a gala luau in the Drill Hall attended by 600 guests.13 This armory has different architectural plan than preceding ones, perhaps due to the State of Hawaii’s reorganization of the Territorial Public Works Department into the Public Works Division of the Department of Accounting and General Services. The 1962 annual report noted, next to a photo of the building, that its “[d]esign is typical of all new armories being constructed throughout the state by the Guard.”14 Presumably, it became the standard for later one-unit armories. [However, the photo of the 1965 Honokaa armory shows it did not follow the Building 301 design.15] In 1963, a new three-unit armory was completed at Fort Ruger on the corner of 22nd Avenue and Puu Panini Place; it has a T-plan footprint like Building 301, but has two stories, rather than one. Two other buildings, although not armories, were constructed inside Diamond Head crater in 1964 – a United States Property & Fiscal Office (USPFO) Building and a Combined Field Maintenance Shop (Buildings 303 and 304, respectively, see HABS No. HI-581-C for information on the latter). An investigation, started in 1963, by the U.S. Comptroller General of the General Accounting Office (GAO) resulted in a 1964 report to Congress, claiming unnecessary expenditures of

11 State of Hawaii, Department of Defense, Annual Report Adjutant General of Hawaii Fiscal Year 1960 (Honolulu: Office of the Adjutant General, 1960), p.17. 12 State of Hawaii, Department of Defense, Annual Report Fiscal Year 1962 (Honolulu: Office of the Adjutant General, 1962), p. 17. 13 “New Armory for 613th Ord. Dedicated in D.H. Crater,” Hawaii Guardsman, September 1962: p. 19. 14 Ibid. 15 e2M, Ten Facilities, pp. 3-26. FORT RUGER MILITARY RESERVATION, ONE-UNIT ARMORY HABS No. HI-581-A (Page 8)

Federal funds for constructed and planned HNG facilities in Hawaii. The three-unit armory built at 22nd Avenue and Puu Panini Place was thought unnecessary, since space was believed to be available at the four-unit armory across the street on 22nd Avenue. Included as an appendix to the 1964 report was a letter from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense disputing the findings, which had been transmitted to them as a draft report in December 1963. The letter noted that there had been a “reorganization and realignment of the Army Reserve Forces in 1963,” so the new policies should not be applied to the armories at Fort Ruger that had been authorized prior to that date.16 In a local newspaper article, the HNG commander stated that the constructed and planned buildings were necessary.17 Only two armories from the 1960s were built at locations other than Fort Ruger, both on Hawaii island. The 1961 armory in Kealakekua and the 1965 one in Honokaa both house one HNG unit. Their architectural design varied slightly from the standard 1950s one-unit armories. For instance, Kealakekua and Honokaa armories have a recessed entry in the center of the front portion, unlike the broad covered lanai (porch) in the 1950s design. This design element is also the case with the one-unit armory, Building 301, at Fort Ruger.

Sources Architectural Drawings Historic drawings are located in the Hawaii Department of Defense Engineering (HIENG) Office, at Fort Ruger in Building 306. The building’s original drawings are a 31-sheet set, titled: "One-unit Armory for the Hawaii National Guard, Fort Ruger Military Reservation, Honolulu, Hawaii." These drawings, produced by the State of Hawaii, Department of Accounting and General Services, DAGS Job No. G-2429, are dated April 7, 1961. Five of the sheets were photographed to HABS standards with a 4" x 5" camera and are included in this report. Later drawings for minor projects at Building 301, such as repainting or small modifications, are also maintained at the HIENG plan file archives.

Early Views The 1962 annual report of the State of Hawaii, Department of Defense, as mentioned above, has a photo of the new armory for the 613th Ordnance Company. See HABS No. HI-581 for information on historic aerial photos of Diamond Head crater.

Bibliography: “Armory Construction Program.” Hawaii Guardsman. vol, 3, no. 1 ([Jan/Feb] 1952): p. 19. Comptroller General of the United States, “Report to the Congress of the United States, Uneconomical Use of Facilities by the Hawaii National Guard.” Document filed in Hawaii State Archives, Box GOV 13-5, “Hawaii National Guard 1963-1967” folder. Engineering-environmental Management, Inc. (e2M). Historic Buildings Survey and Evaluation Report of Ten Facilities Hawaii Army National Guard. Englewood, CO. October 2009.

16 Comptroller General of the United States, “Report to the Congress of the United States, Uneconomical Use of Facilities by the Hawaii National Guard.” Document filed in Hawaii State Archives, Box GOV 13-5, “Hawaii National Guard 1963-1967” folder. 17 “GAO Says Armory Not Needed,” November 20, 1964 article at the University of Hawaii, Hamilton Library, Honolulu Newspapers Clippings Morgue, on microfiche in Subject section under: Fort Ruger. FORT RUGER MILITARY RESERVATION, ONE-UNIT ARMORY HABS No. HI-581-A (Page 9)

“GAO Says Armory Not Needed.” November 20, 1964 article at the University of Hawaii, Hamilton Library, Honolulu Newspapers Clippings Morgue, on microfiche in Subject section under: Fort Ruger. “New Armory for 613th Ord. Dedicated in D.H. Crater.” Hawaii Guardsman. September 1962: p. 19. State of Hawaii, Department of Defense. Annual Report Adjutant General of Hawaii Fiscal Year 1960. Honolulu: Office of the Adjutant General. 1960. ______. Annual Report Fiscal Year 1962. Honolulu: Office of the Adjutant General, 1962. Warfield, Charles Lamoreaux. History of the Hawaii National Guard. Presented as a Thesis to the University of Hawaii for a Master’s Degree in History. 1935. “297th Supply & Service Battalion Reunion.” Pupukahi. October 2003-March 2004: p. 4.

Architectural Dee Ruzicka and Ann Yoklavich Historians: Mason Architects, Inc. Honolulu, HI 96813

Project Information: This report, along with a context report and two other building-specific reports (see HABS No. HI-581, HI-581-B, and HI-581-C), was prepared as mitigation for demolition of three Cold War buildings owned by HIARNG inside the crater of Diamond Head. The land occupied by these buildings will then be turned over to the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) State Parks Division to manage as part of the Diamond Head State Monument (DHSM). On-site building documentation and research were undertaken in July and August 2016. Archival photographs were taken in August 2016 by David Franzen, Franzen Photography, Kailua, Hawaii. AECOM staff, including Diane Kodama, Kirk Ranzetta and Adriane Truluck, assisted with mapping, editing and project management. The initial report was prepared in August and September 2016. This report was finalized in 2017.

FORT RUGER MILITARY RESERVATION, ONE-UNIT ARMORY HABS No. HI-581-A (Page 10)

Location Map

Building 301