Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment

Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd

DOCUMENT TRACKING

Project Name Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment

Project Number 18SUT-12044

Project Manager Beth Medway

Prepared by Beth Medway, Alastair Jones, Griffin Taylor-Dalton

Reviewed by Karen Spicer

Approved by Beth Medway

Status Draft

Version Number v3

Last saved on 17 September 2019

This report should be cited as ‘Eco Logical Australia 2019. Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment. Prepared for Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd.’

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document has been prepared by Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd with support from David Vago (Habit8) and Emily McLaughlin (Capital Bluestone).

Disclaimer This document may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the contract between Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd and Bluestone Capital Ventures No.1 Pty Ltd. The scope of services was defined in consultation with the client, by time and budgetary constraints imposed by the client, and the availability of reports and other data on the subject area. Changes to available information, legislation and schedules are made on an ongoing basis and readers should obtain up to date information.

Contents

1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1 The subject site and proposed work ...... 1 1.2 Site history ...... 4 1.3 Purpose of this document and limitations ...... 6 1.4 Key terms ...... 6

2. Statutory framework ...... 7 3. Methods ...... 10 3.1 Data and literature review ...... 10 3.2 Field assessment ...... 10

4. Results ...... 12 4.1 Threatened species in the study area ...... 12 4.2 Vegetation communities at the subject site ...... 12 4.3 Fauna habitat ...... 15 4.4 Assessments of significance for direct and indirect impacts ...... 15

5. Potential impacts and mitigation measures ...... 17 6. Conclusions and recommendations ...... 20 7. References ...... 21 EPBC Act Referral decision ...... 22 Likelihood of occurrence ...... 23 B1: Fauna ...... 23 B2: Flora...... 39

Assessments of significance ...... 47 C1: Shorebirds and The Shorebird Community occurring on the relict tidal delta sands at Taren Point .. 47 C2: Swamp oak floodplain forest of the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions (SOFF) ...... 49 C3: Coastal Saltmarsh in the New South Wales North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions ...... 51 C4: Myotis macropus ...... 53 C5: Predatory birds ...... 55

Qualifications ...... 57

List of Figures

Figure 1: Proposed foreshore park and validated vegetation communities ...... 3 Figure 2: 1961 aerial photo ...... 5 Figure 3: 1970 aerial photo ...... 5 Figure 4: Mature mangrove forest with mangrove seedlings ...... 12 Figure 5: Seawall on the edge of Stage B (seaward side of the Family Hill) ...... 13 Figure 6: Area to be recontoured to create intertidal zone for saltmarsh ...... 14 Figure 7: Interface of mangroves with Stage A2 with scattered Casuarina glauca to be retained ...... 14 Figure 8: Planted Ficus on top of the Family Hill ...... 16

List of Tables

Table 1: Type and extent of proposed change as shown in Figure 1 ...... 2 Table 2: Summary of site history...... 4 Table 3: Statutory framework ...... 7 Table 4: Fauna habitat values ...... 15 Table 5: Potential impacts and proposed mitigation measures ...... 18

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description

BC Act NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016

DA Development Application

DP Deposited Plan

DPI NSW Department of Primary Industry

EEC Endangered Ecological Community

ELA Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd

EPBC Act Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

NRAR Natural Resources Access Regulator

OEH NSW Office of Environment and Heritage

VMP Vegetation Management Plan

WBTC Woolooware Bay Town Centre

WM Act NSW Water Management Act 2000

1. Introduction

1.1 The subject site and proposed work This ecological assessment has been prepared on behalf of Capital Bluestone for the Woolooware Bay Town Centre (WBTC) Foreshore Landscaping Development Application (DA19/0274). The subject site is located at 475 Captain Cook Drive Woolooware on the southern shore of Woolooware Bay within the Sutherland Shire Local Government Area (Figure 1). The subject site is defined as Lot 2 DP 1180482, Lot 3 DP 1218707 and SP97194 plus a strip of land along the foreshore of Woolooware Bay (Lot 21 DP529644 and Lot 1 DP 711486).

The proposed Stages A1 and A2 of the foreshore park will include earthworks and construction of a shared cycleway / pedestrian path. Weeds and rubbish will be removed Stage A1 and A2, and the riparian buffer will be revegetated with native species from the Coastal Saltmarsh and Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest communities. Stage B on the 'Family Hill' will feature a shared path and viewing platforms, and existing vegetation and landform will be retained (Figure 1).

Table 1 indicates the areas of proposed revegetation or path / sealed area for each stage within the subject site, as shown in Figure 1. The table also shows the current condition of areas within the subject site. There will be a total of about 1 ha of proposed revegetation, which includes where existing native plants will be retained and enhanced with supplementary planting and weed control.

Table 1: Type and extent of proposed change as shown in Figure 1

Stage Existing condition Existing conditions (m²) Revegetation (m²) Path/Sealed Area (m²) No change to existing (m²)

Stage A1 Total area 7239 6239 786 0

Cleared or weeds 7025 6239 (86%) 786 (11%) 0

Estuarine Mangrove Forest 214 0 0 214 (3%)

Stage A2 Total area 6740 4660 1495 0

Cleared or weeds 6155 4660 (69%) 1495 (22%) 0

Estuarine Mangrove Forest 584 0 0 584 (9%)

Stage B Total area 6276 0 1858 4418

Cleared or weeds 4500 0 1858 (30%) 2642 (42%)

Estuarine Swamp Oak Forest 888 0 0 888 (14%)

Estuarine Mangrove Forest 888 0 0 888 (14%)

Total 20,255 10,899 (55%) 4113 (20%) 5216 (25%)

Figure 1: Proposed foreshore park and validated vegetation communities

1.2 Site history Table 2 provides an overview of the landuse history based on aerial photographs sourced from Sutherland Shire Council's website on 19 September 20171 and historical records. Stages A1 and A2 are currently used for stockpiles, equipment storage and access for the adjacent Stage 3 residential construction. Stage B has not been part of the WBTC construction activities to date.

Table 2: Summary of site history

Period Comment

Pre-1930s The southern side of Woolooware Bay was part of an extensive estuarine wetland

1930s-60s Some vegetation clearing and regrowth

Mid-1950s Captain Cook Drive commenced construction

1960s-70s The current WBTC site was used as domestic landfill. The natural channel between Captain Cook Drive and Woolooware Bay was cleared and straightened. Refer to Figure 2

1970s-80s Football stadium (including the Family Hill) and carpark constructed - refer to Figure 3

Mid-1980s Training fields and carpark constructed on the western side of the stadium

1987 Declaration of the Towra Point Aquatic Reserve (including Woolooware Bay)

1980s-90s Planting on top of the Family Hill

Mid 1990s Drainage channel fully opened to Woolooware Bay and mangroves start to encroach

2015 Staged construction of residential development at WBTC commenced and is ongoing

1 https://mapping.ssc.nsw.gov.au/Sutherland/

Figure 2: 1961 aerial photo

Figure 3: 1970 aerial photo

1.3 Purpose of this document and limitations This report updates the 2011 ecological impact assessment prepared by Eco Logical Australia for the WBTC Concept Plan. It incorporates information from subsequent ecological studies, including targeted survey for threatened species and management plans. It addresses matters raised by Sutherland Shire Council in the request for additional information (dated 23 July 2019) in relation to Biodiversity Conservation - Ecological Assessment for DA19/0274.

This document should be read in conjunction with the:

• Woolooware Bay Town Centre Stage A1, Stage A2 and Stage B landscape documentation for DA submission by Habit8 • Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Vegetation Management Plan (ELA 2019). The western side of the mangrove channel that drains to Woolooware Bay has recently been reconstructed for flood mitigation. An ecological impact assessment and vegetation management plan were prepared for the area between the sheet pile wall and the existing mangroves in the channel. This area is currently stabilised by erosion control matting. There is evidence that mangroves are starting to naturally colonise this area and a patch of saltmarsh has been planted to determine if conditions are favourable for growth. Stage A2 of this ecological assessment report therefore refers to the area on the western side of the sheet pile wall.

1.4 Key terms The following terms are used in this report:

• Subject site: the area of direct impact as defined by the Foreshore Park DA • Study area: the area reviewed for the proposal including those areas likely to be directly or indirectly affected by the proposal.

2. Statutory framework

Legislation and plans related to biodiversity values in the study area are outlined below.

Table 3: Statutory framework

Name Relevance to the project

International agreements Towra Point Nature Reserve to the north east of the subject site (Figure 1) is subject to the following international agreements that aim to protect migratory birds and their habitats: • Japan - Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (JAMBA) • China - Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA) • Republic of Korea – Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (ROKAMBA) Any actions that have the potential to impact upon these agreements are formally addressed under the Commonwealth legislation (see below).

Commonwealth legislation

Environmental Protection and The concept plan was referred to the Commonwealth in 2011 and a decision was Biodiversity Conservation Act made that the proposal was not a controlled action (Appendix A). Therefore, no 1999 (EPBC Act) assessments of significance have been conducted under the EPBC Act in this report.

Biosecurity Act 2016 The subject site contains priority weeds listed under the Biosecurity Act. All weeds will be removed from the site under the proposal.

State legislation

Environmental Planning and The project is development requiring consent under Part 4 of the EP&A Act. This Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A report addresses the requirements of s79C of the EP&A Act as relevant to flora and Act) fauna.

Biodiversity Conservation Act Under the BC Act, the biodiversity offset scheme (BOS) will be triggered if: 2016 • Native vegetation is cleared on land included on the Biodiversity Values Map published by the Chief Executive of the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage • More than 0.5 ha of clearing of native vegetation occurs (as the minimum lot size for the subject site is 2.45 ha) The proposed foreshore park is on land included on the Biodiversity Values Map. However, native vegetation will not be cleared so the BOS will not be triggered. The proposal will involve removal of weeds from Stage A1 and A2 areas (Figure 1). The biodiversity values of the land will be enhanced by a revegetated riparian buffer that will comprise native species consistent with the vegetation communities that would naturally occur on the margin of the bay. The impact assessment pursuant to s7.3 of the Act concluded that no significant adverse impacts are likely to result (refer to Appendix C for Assessments of Significance).

Fisheries Management Act Woolooware Bay is listed as an Aquatic Reserve - Refuge Zone and is mapped by the 1994 (FM Act) Department of Industry (Fisheries) as Key Fish Habitat. A permit is required for dredging and reclamation in estuaries, or harm to marine vegetation such as mangroves. It is unclear at this point if mangroves will need to be trimmed. No dredging or reclamation is proposed.

Name Relevance to the project

Water Management Act 2000 Clause 36 of Schedule 4 of the Water Management (General) Regulation 2018 (WM Act) specifies that certain waterfront land that has been identified on a map published on the Department of Industry website2 as 'exempt waterfront land' does not require controlled activity approval if it has been granted development consent.

Coastal Management Act 2016 Clearing of coastal wetlands triggers a BDAR under the BC Act. The proposal will and Coastal Management SEPP involve enhancement of the coastal wetlands through revegetation and weed control 2018 (not clearing of native vegetation), so a BDAR is not triggered. The consenting authority must be satisfied that the following are not significantly impacted: • biophysical, hydrological or ecological integrity of the adjacent wetland • quantity and quality of surface and groundwater flows to and from the adjacent coastal wetland. This assessment found no significant impacts are likely to occur under the Coastal Management Act. Local Planning Instruments and policies

Sutherland Shire Council LEP Lot 2 DP 1180482, Lot 3 DP 1218707 and SP97194 are zoned B2 Local Centre under 2015 Sutherland Shire Local Environmental Plan 2015. A strip of land along the foreshore of Woolooware Bay (Lot 21 DP529644 and Lot 1 DP 711486) is zoned RE1 Public Recreation. The subject site and study area are mapped as Environmentally Sensitive Land - Terrestrial Biodiversity. Clause 6.5 of the LEP discusses the objectives of this clause and issues Council must consider in their decision to grant consent. These include: (3) In deciding whether to grant development consent for development on land to which this clause applies, the consent authority must consider: (a) whether the development is likely to have: (i) any adverse impact on the condition, ecological value and significance of the fauna and flora on the land, and (ii) any adverse impact on the importance of the vegetation on the land to the habitat and survival of native fauna, and (iii) any potential to fragment, disturb or diminish the biodiversity structure, function and composition of the land, and (iv) any adverse impact on the habitat elements providing connectivity on the land, and (b) any appropriate measures proposed to avoid, minimise or mitigate the impacts of the development. (4) Development consent must not be granted for development on land to which this clause applies unless the consent authority is satisfied that: (a) the development is designed, sited and will be managed to avoid any significant adverse environmental impact, or (b) if that impact cannot be reasonably avoided by adopting feasible alternatives— the development is designed, sited and will be managed to minimise that impact, or (c) if that impact cannot be minimised—the development will be managed to mitigate that impact.

The proposed foreshore planting is considered consistent with these objectives.

2 https://www.industry.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/166999/Botany-Bay-for-clause-36-of-Sch-4.pdf.

Name Relevance to the project

Sutherland Shire Council DCP The subject site is mapped as Core and Support on Council's Greenweb mapping. 2015 Chapter 39 of the SSC DCP 2015 states that 'Greenweb areas are to be landscaped with species indigenous to the Sutherland Shire. Trees and landscaping should be provided in a form and configuration that maintains and enhances the core habitat and vegetated linkages.' Greenweb objectives relevant to this site include: 3. Improve the function of riparian zones and foreshores as natural areas so that they provide linkages and corridors between areas of habitat. 4. Minimise weed invasion and spread by requiring appropriate landscape treatment within Greenweb areas. 5. Require revegetation of habitat or corridor, so as to compensate for detrimental impacts accruing from the development of land. 6. Utilise landscaped area to re-establish corridors in urban areas through the establishment of canopy and groundcover links across properties.

The proposed foreshore planting is considered consistent with Greenweb objectives.

3. Methods

3.1 Data and literature review Database records and relevant literature pertaining to the ecology of the study area were reviewed. The material reviewed included:

• NSW BioNet, Atlas of NSW Wildlife database search (5 km) • EPBC Act Protected Matters Search tool (PMST) (5 km) • The Native Vegetation of the Sydney Metropolitan Area (OEH 2013) • SSC online maps (Shire maps) • NSW Planning Portal • NSW Biodiversity Values Map (OEH 2018) • DPI Fisheries maps (Key Fish Habitat, Coastal Wetlands, Controlled Activity Exemptions). Aerial photography (SIXmaps) of the study area and surrounds were also used to investigate the extent of vegetation cover and landscape features. In addition, relevant GIS datasets (historical photos, soil, geology, drainage) were reviewed to guide the field survey component and results.

Species searches from both Bionet and EPBC Act matters of national environmental significance were combined to produce a list of threatened species that may occur within the study area. Likelihood of occurrences for threatened species, endangered populations and ecological communities in the study area were then made based on location, date and number of database records, the likely presence or absence of suitable habitat on the subject site, and knowledge of the species’ ecology (Appendix B).

Five categories for the likelihood of occurrence of species are used in this report, defined as follows:

• “yes” = the species was or has been observed in the study area • “likely” = a medium to high probability that a species uses the study area • “potential” = suitable habitat for a species occurs in the study area, but there is insufficient information to categorise the species as likely to occur, or unlikely to occur • “unlikely” = a very low to low probability that a species uses the study area, and • “no” = habitat in the study area and in its vicinity is unsuitable for the species. Assessments for the likelihood of occurrence were made both prior to field survey and following field survey. The pre-survey assessments were performed to determine which species were targeted during field survey. The post-survey assessments to determine final likelihood of occurrence after observing the available habitat in the study area are depicted in Appendix B.

3.2 Field assessment Eco Logical Australia's Beth Medway and Alastair Jones inspected the subject site in March 2019 to determine current conditions. The site inspection involved traversing the subject site and parts of the study area to:

• Determine the area, extent and condition of any native vegetation communities • Validate the vegetation communities

• Observe and record flora species present within the subject site, with a focus on searching for those threatened flora species identified from database searches as potentially occurring • Identify and record fauna habitat features including suitability of habitat for threatened fauna species • Observe and record previous and current disturbance and threats e.g. weeds • Identify likely impacts of the proposed works upon flora and fauna habitat and identify mitigation and avoidance opportunities. The likelihood of threatened fauna species utilising the study area was determined through habitat assessment. The presence or absence of important habitat features (e.g. hollow-bearing trees, rock outcrops, significant logs and waterbodies) was recorded.

The Threatened Biodiversity Survey and Assessment: Guidelines for Developments and Activities (DEC 2004) provides standard methods for surveying flora and fauna to produce an extensive census of species within the subject site. ELA previously conducted field survey to target threatened species of frogs and microbats and migratory birds in the area (ELA 2011, 2013). Survey techniques included Anabat recordings and analysis, stag watches and observations with spotter scope. Results of previous targeted surveys have been included in this assessment.

4. Results

4.1 Threatened species in the study area There were no threatened species recorded or likely to occur at the subject site due to lack of habitat. However, the adjacent Towra Point Aquatic Reserve (including Mangrove Forest) and nearby Towra Point Nature Reserve are of high ecological value. Towra Point features endangered ecological communities and threatened and migratory species (refer to Appendix B for likelihood of occurrence). The Aquatic Reserve is Key Fish Habitat.

The Mangrove Forest on the northern side of the subject land appears to be healthy. Some mature mangrove trees have hollows that, based on previous targeted fauna survey (ELA 2013), provide habitat for microbats (including the threatened Myotis macropus). There is widespread growth of mangrove seedlings within the forest, indicating ongoing favourable conditions (Figure 4).

Figure 4: Mature mangrove forest with mangrove seedlings

4.2 Vegetation communities at the subject site The majority of vegetation within the subject site comprises weeds and exotics. Native vegetation within the subject site includes the fringing Mangrove Forest and Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest (SOFF) on the north-facing side of the Family Hill. SOFF is an endangered ecological community under the BC Act and EPBC Act. As shown in Figure 3, the Family Hill was constructed in the 1970s. The SOFF

within the subject site features scattered Casuarina glauca, although most vegetation within the SOFF is weeds and exotics.

The landward edge of the Mangrove Forest is defined by an increase in ground level which changes patterns of tidal inundation and associated vegetation. A loose sandstone sea wall approximately 1 m high marks the edge of the mangroves at the base of the Family Hill (Figure 5). The interface between Stages A1/A2 and the Mangrove Forest is less clearly defined, with variable slope (Figure 6 and Figure 7). The terrestrial fringe of the Mangrove Forest is dominated by weeds and rubbish is prevalent.

There are a few isolated saltmarsh plants in the intertidal zone on the landward edge of the mangroves. These individual plants provide a guide to the local levels that are needed to provide favourable conditions for growth of the proposed saltmarsh planting.

Figure 5: Seawall on the edge of Stage B (seaward side of the Family Hill)

Figure 6: Area to be recontoured to create intertidal zone for saltmarsh

Figure 7: Interface of mangroves with Stage A2 with scattered Casuarina glauca to be retained

4.3 Fauna habitat Fauna habitat values at the subject site are summarised below.

Table 4: Fauna habitat values

Habitat Features Guild Occurrence

Native vegetation Birds, microchiropteran bats (microbats), Native vegetation is limited to scattered trees such megachiropteran bats (fruit bats), arboreal as Casuarinas and the Mangrove Forest. mammals, reptiles

Hollow-bearing trees Birds and arboreal mammals (gliders and Some mature mangroves fringing the bay have microbats) hollows and are likely to provide roosting habitat for microbats.

Stags Birds, particularly birds of prey, reptiles, There are some dead trees on the northern side of amphibians, micro bats the Family Hill.

Leaf litter Reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates Leaf litter is present along the mangrove fringe and under weeds on the Family Hill.

Coarse woody debris Terrestrial mammals, reptiles, Large fallen logs were not observed (other than in invertebrates the Mangrove Forest).

Watercourse Amphibians, water birds, aquatic fauna The Mangrove Forest and Woolooware Bay provide important aquatic habitat.

Vegetative corridor Birds, reptiles, arboreal and small The study area is located within the SSC’s mapped mammals Greenweb area and links habitats around the bay.

4.4 Assessments of significance for direct and indirect impacts Assessments of significance have been prepared for threatened species and communities that have been recorded or are considered likely to be present based on available habitat in the study area, including at Taren Point and Towra Point. The assessments are presented in Appendix C and conclude that there will be no significant adverse impact resulting from the proposal. Assessments for different species and communities have been grouped where similar conditions and impacts apply, as follows:

• Shorebirds including The Shorebird Community occurring on the relict tidal delta sands at Taren Point • Swamp oak floodplain forest of the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions (SOFF) • Coastal Saltmarsh in the New South Wales North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions • Myotis macropus • Predatory birds - White-Bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) and the Eastern Osprey (Pandion cristatus).

Figure 8: Planted Ficus on top of the Family Hill

5. Potential impacts and mitigation measures

Proposed revegetation of Stages A1 and A2 with native species, including weed and rubbish removal, will have beneficial ecological impacts. The approximate area of connected riparian vegetation and habitat to be created is given in Table 1. There will be an increased vegetated buffer to the bay to protect against storm surges and enhance foreshore habitat. Over time, the vegetation will grow to shield some noise from the residential development to the mangroves and Woolooware Bay.

Creation of the path will encourage active transport and may reduce reliance on cars for short trips in the area. This will also have environmental benefits through a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

Potential direct and indirect ecological impacts associated with the proposal are summarised in the table below. The construction impacts associated with the foreshore park will be temporary and minor in the context of the other construction activities at the Town Centre.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 17 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Table 5: Potential impacts and proposed mitigation measures

Potential impact Cause of impact Proposed mitigation measure

Construction impacts

Vegetation removal Weeds and exotics will be removed from Stages A1 and A2 Native vegetation (e.g. Casuarina glauca trees) will be retained in all areas Mangroves will not be removed but some may require Any pruning of mangroves will require a permit from DPI Fisheries pruning to enable construction

Sedimentation of aquatic habitat Earthworks and removal of non-native vegetation in Stages Multi-barrier sediment controls will be installed prior to earthworks and weed removal, A1 and A2 and maintained until native vegetation cover is fully established Utilise sand as a substrate for saltmarsh planting on the landward side of the Mangroves to minimise risk of turbidity under tidal inundation Schedule revegetation immediately after earthworks are complete

Fauna disturbance due to noise Earthworks to recontour the Stage A1 and A2 landform Machinery noise to be minimal in type and duration Path and viewing platform construction Do not schedule noisy activities at dawn or dusk when fauna are most active

Fauna disturbance due to light Light from construction activities Avoid lighting for construction activities if possible. Direct toward the construction site (not sky or mangroves) if lighting is required

Loss of habitat for predatory birds Removal of up to two planted fig trees on the top of Undertake preclearing survey to confirm that the trees are not being used as breeding Family Hill (Stage B) (Figure 8) to enable construction of habitat the viewing platforms Plant native tree species in suitable revegetation areas (Stages A1 and A2) as long-term alternative habitat Retain root ball in situ if needed for bank stability

Operation / maintenance impacts

Inadequate native vegetation cover Die-off of revegetated areas due to conditions (e.g. Supplementary and replacement planting following the initial planting frequency of tidal inundation, drought, trampling)

Fauna disturbance due to noise Path users will include pedestrians, cyclists and motorised This would be a long-term, minimal impact similar to what is experienced elsewhere mobility scooters around the bay, so no mitigation is required

Fauna disturbance due to light Light along paths and viewing platforms Lighting along paths and viewing platforms to be designed for safety and not be directed into vegetation or skyward

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 18 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Potential impact Cause of impact Proposed mitigation measure

Weeds and rubbish Rubbish and weeds reintroduced by environmental vectors In perpetuity and regular maintenance to control weeds and rubbish (fauna, wind etc) and people using the path No access will be permitted to the northern side the Family Hill due to slope stability and contamination issues

6. Conclusions and recommendations

The proposed foreshore park will enhance the ecological condition of Areas A1 and A2 by widening the vegetated riparian corridor. Long term maintenance of the weeds and rubbish will be required if the ecological benefits of the proposed foreshore revegetation are to be fully realised.

A detailed Vegetation Management Plan (VMP) is to be prepared in accordance with the 2012 Guidelines for Vegetation Management Plans on Waterfront Land. The VMP will incorporate mitigation measures outlined in Table 5.

A permit will be required from the Department of Industry (Fisheries) if mangrove branches need to be trimmed to enable proposed works.

7. References

Bear, V. 2010. Kurnell Peninsula – A guide to the plants, animals, ecology and landscapes. Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority.

Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW (DECC) 2007. Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest – Identification Guidelines for Endangered Ecological Communities.

Eco Logical Australia 2011. Cronulla Sharks Redevelopment – ecological assessment of the concept plan. Prepared for Bluestone Capital Ventures No. 1 Pty Ltd.

Eco Logical Australia 2013. Microbat Monitoring Report - Woolooware Bay Town Centre. Prepared for Bluestone Property Solutions Pty Ltd.

Eco Logical Australia 2013. Vegetation Management Plan for Woolooware Bay Town Centre Concept Plan. Prepared for Bluestone Capital Ventures No.1 Pty Ltd.

Sutherland Shire Council undated. Sutherland Shire Plants - A Guide to Indigenous Plant Species Suitable for Landscape & Revegetation Projects. https://sutherland.austplants.com.au/Suth_Shire_Plants_Guide_200511.pdf

EPBC Act Referral decision

^BC Act: E1 = Endangered, E2 = Endangered Population, E4 = Extinct, E4A = Critically Endangered, V = Vulnerable; EPBC Act: M = Migratory, E = Endangered, CE – Critically Endangered, Mar = Marine;

*species of local conservation significance under the UESAP

B1: Fauna Scientific Name Common Name BC Act EPBC Act FM Act Habitat Likelihood of Impact Assessment Status Status Status Occurrence Required

Amphibians

Adelotus brevis Tusked Frog E2 - - Rainforests, wet forests and flooded grassland and No. No suitable No pasture. Usually found near creeks, ditches and ponds. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Heleioporus australiacus Giant Burrowing Frog V V - Heath, woodland and open dry sclerophyll forest on a No. No suitable No variety of soil types except those that are clay based. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Litoria aurea Green and Golden E1 V - Marshes, dams and stream-sides, particularly those Potential habitat No, as no direct or Bell Frog containing Typha spp. (bullrushes) or Eleocharis spp. on or near the indirect impacts to (spikerushes). Some populations occur in highly Project Area. potential habitat disturbed areas.

Litoria raniformis Growling Grass Frog - V - Permanent or ephemeral Black Box/Lignum/Nitre No. No suitable No Goosefoot swamps, Lignum/Typha swamps and River habitat on or near Red Gum swamps or billabongs along floodplains and the Project Area. river valleys. Also found in irrigated rice crops.

Mixophyes balbus Stuttering Frog E1 V - Rainforest and wet, tall open forest in the foothills and No. No suitable No escarpment on the eastern side of the Great Dividing habitat on or near Range. the Project Area.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 23 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Pseudophryne australis Red-crowned V - Open forests, mostly on Hawkesbury and Narrabeen No. No suitable No Toadlet Sandstones. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Birds

Acrocephalus orientalis Oriental Reed- M - Reed beds, grassland, wetlands. Potential Yes Warbler

Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper - M - Coastal wetlands and some inland wetlands, especially Potential Yes muddy margins or rocky shores. Also estuaries and deltas, lakes, pools, billabongs, reservoirs, dams and claypans, mangroves.

Anous stolidus Common Noddy - M - Marine. Potential Yes

Anthochaera phrygia Regent Honeyeater E4A CE - Eucalypt woodland and open forest, wooded farmland No. No suitable No and urban areas with mature eucalypts, and riparian habitat on or near forests of Casuarina cunninghamiana (River Oak). the Project Area.

Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift - M - Riparian woodland, swamps, low scrub, heathland, No. No suitable No saltmarsh, grassland, Spinifex sandplains, open habitat on or near farmland and inland and coastal sand-dunes. the Project Area.

Ardenna carneipes Flesh-footed V M - Marine. Unlikely No Shearwater

Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone - M - Tidal reefs and pools; pebbly, shelly and sandy shores; Potential Yes mudflats; inland shallow waters; sewage ponds, saltfields; ploughed ground.

Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian Bittern E1 E - Permanent freshwater wetlands with tall, dense Unlikely No vegetation, particularly Typha spp. (bullrushes) and Eleocharis spp. (spikerushes).

Burhinus grallarius Bush Stone-curlew E1 - - In NSW, it occurs in lowland grassy woodland and open No. No suitable No forest. habitat on or near the Project Area.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 24 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed - M - Shallow fresh or brackish wetlands, with inundated or Potential Yes Sandpiper emergent sedges, grass, saltmarsh or other low vegetation.

Calidris alba Sanderling V M - Coastal areas on low beaches of firm sand, near reefs Potential Yes and inlets, along tidal mudflats and lagoons; rarely recorded in near-coastal wetlands.

Calidris canutus Red Knot - E, M - Intertidal mudflats, sandflats sheltered sandy beaches, Potential Yes estuaries, bays, inlets, lagoons, harbours, sandy ocean beaches, rock platforms, coral reefs, terrestrial saline wetlands near the coast, sewage ponds and saltworks. Rarely inland lakes or swamps.

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper E1 CE, M - Littoral and estuarine habitats, including intertidal Potential Yes mudflats, non-tidal swamps, lakes and lagoons on the coast and sometimes inland.”

Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper - M - Shallow fresh to saline wetlands, including coastal Potential Yes lagoons, estuaries, bays, swamps, lakes, inundated grasslands, saltmarshes, river pools, creeks, floodplains and artificial wetlands.

Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint - M - Tidal mudflats, saltmarshes, sandy and shelly beaches, Potential Yes saline and freshwater wetlands, saltfields, sewage ponds.

Calidris subminuta Long-toed Stint - M - Coastal and inland shallow wetlands, sewage ponds, Potential Yes tidelines, tidal mudflats.

Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot V CE, M - Intertidal mudflats or sandflats, including inlets, bays, Potential Yes harbours, estuaries and lagoons.

Calonectris leucomelas Streaked Shearwater - M - Marine. Potential Yes

Callocephalon fimbriatum Gang-gang Cockatoo V - - Forest and woodland, urban fringes. Unlikely No

Charadrius bicinctus Double-banded - M - Beaches, bays and inlets, exposed reefs and rock Potential Yes Plover platforms, harbours, margins of fresh or saline terrestrial wetlands such as lakes, lagoons and swamps; shallow estuaries, rivers, saltmarsh,

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 25 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd grasslands, pasture. Sometimes associated with coastal lagoons, inland saltlakes, saltworks, seagrass beds, kelp beds.

Charadrius leschenaultii Greater Sand-plover V V, M - Almost entirely restricted to coastal areas in NSW, Potential Yes mainly on sheltered sandy, shelly or muddy beaches or estuaries with large intertidal mudflats or sandbanks.

Charadrius mongolus Lesser Sand-plover V E, M - Almost entirely coastal in NSW, using sheltered bays, Potential Yes harbours and estuaries with large intertidal sandflats or mudflats, sandy beaches, coral reefs and rock platforms.

Charadrius veredus Oriental Plover - M - Open plains, ploughed land, inland swamps, tidal Potential Yes mudflats, claypans, coastal marshes, grassy airfields, playing fields, lawns.

Circus assimilis Spotted Harrier V - - Grassy open woodland, inland riparian woodland, Unlikely No grassland, shrub steppe, agricultural land and edges of inland wetlands.

Dasyornis brachypterus Eastern Bristlebird E1 E - Central and southern populations inhabit heath and No. No suitable No open woodland with a heathy understorey. In habitat on or near northern NSW, habitat comprises open forest with the Project Area. dense tussocky grass understorey.

Diomedea antipodensis Antipodean V V - Marine No. No suitable No Albatross habitat on or near the Project Area.

Diomedea antipodensis Antipodean V V - Marine No. No suitable No gibsoni Albatross habitat on or near the Project Area.

Diomedea exulans Wandering Albatross E1 M - Marine No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

Diomedea gibsoni Gibson's Albatross V V - Marine No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 26 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Diomedea sanfordi Northern Royal - M - Marine No. No suitable No Albatross habitat on or near the Project Area.

Esacus magnirostris Beach Stone-curlew E4A - - Exclusively along the coast, on beaches, islands, reefs Potential Yes and in estuaries, and edges of or near mangroves.

Epthianura albifrons White-fronted Chat E2 - - "Saltmarsh of Newington Nature Reserve and in Likely Yes population in the grassland on the northern bank of the Parramatta Sydney Metropolitan River. Saltmarsh and on the sandy shoreline of a small Catchment island of Towra Point Nature Reserve." Management Area

Falco subniger Black Falcon V - - Woodland, shrubland and grassland, especially No. No suitable No riparian woodland and agricultural land. Often habitat on or near associated with streams or wetlands. the Project Area.

Fregata ariel Lesser Frigatebird - M - Marine. No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

Fregata minor Great Frigatebird - M - Marine. No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

Fregetta grallaria grallaria White-bellied Storm- V V - Marine. No. No suitable No Petrel habitat on or near the Project Area.

Gallinago hardwickii Latham's Snipe - M - Freshwater, saline or brackish wetlands up to 2000 m No. No suitable No above sea-level; usually freshwater swamps, flooded habitat on or near grasslands or heathlands. the Project Area.

Gallinago megala Swinhoe's Snipe - M - Breeds in Siberia and Mongolia. In Australia found No. No suitable No around edges of fresh and brackish wetlands. This habitat on or near includes swamps, billabongs, river pools, small streams the Project Area. and sewage ponds. They are also found in drying claypans and inundated plains.

Gallinago stenura Pin-tailed Snipe - M - Breeds in Siberia. Habitat specific to Australia includes Unlikely. No dense clumps of grass and rushes round the edges of

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 27 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd fresh and brackish wetlands. This includes swamps, billabongs, river pools, small streams and sewage ponds. During non-breeding period occurs most often in or at the edges of shallow freshwater swamps, ponds and lakes with emergent, sparse to dense cover of grass/sedge or other vegetation. Also found in drier, more open wetlands such as claypans, inundated with plains pitted with crab holes and commonly seen at sewage ponds; not normally in saline or inter-tidal wetlands.

Glossopsitta pusilla Little Lorikeet V - - Dry, open eucalypt forests and woodlands, including No. No suitable No remnant woodland patches and roadside vegetation. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Grantiella picta Painted Honeyeater V V - Boree, Brigalow and Box-Gum Woodlands and Box- No. No suitable No Ironbark Forests. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Haematopus fuliginosus Sooty Oystercatcher V - - Rocky headlands, rocky shelves, exposed reefs with Likely Yes rock pools, beaches and muddy estuaries.

Haematopus longirostris Pied Oystercatcher E1 - - Intertidal flats of inlets and bays, open beaches and Likely Yes sandbanks.

Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea- V - - Freshwater swamps, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, Likely Yes Eagle billabongs, saltmarsh and sewage ponds and coastal waters. Terrestrial habitats include coastal dunes, tidal flats, grassland, heathland, woodland, forest and urban areas.

Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated - M - Occur most often over open forest and rainforest, as No. No suitable No Needletail well as heathland, and remnant vegetation in habitat on or near farmland. the Project Area.

Ixobrychus flavicollis Black Bittern V - - Terrestrial and estuarine wetlands. Also flooded No. No suitable No grassland, forest, woodland, rainforest and mangroves habitat on or near where permanent water is present. the Project Area.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 28 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Lathamus discolor Swift Parrot E1 CE - Box-ironbark forests and woodlands. No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

Limicola falcinellus Broad-billed V M - Sheltered parts of the coast such as estuarine sandflats Potential Yes Sandpiper and mudflats, harbours, embayments, lagoons, saltmarshes and reefs.

Limosa lapponica baueri Bar-tailed Godwit - M - Intertidal sandflats, banks, mudflats, estuaries, inlets, Potential Yes (baueri) harbours, coastal lagoons, bays, seagrass beds, saltmarsh, sewage farms and saltworks, saltlakes and brackish wetlands near coasts, sandy ocean beaches, rock platforms, and coral reef-flats. Rarely inland wetlands, paddocks and airstrips.

Limosa lapponica Northern Siberian - CE - Occurs mainly in coastal habitats such as intertidal Potential Yes menzbieri Bar-tailed Godwit sandflats, banks, mudflats, estuaries, inlets, harbours, coastal lagoons and bays as well as coastal sewage farms and saltworks, salt lakes and brackish wetlands near coasts, sandy ocean beaches, rock platforms and coral reef flats.

Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit V M - Usually sheltered bays, estuaries and lagoons with Potential Yes large intertidal mudflats and/or sandflats. Further inland, it can also be found around muddy lakes and swamps.”

Lophochroa leadbeateri Major Mitchell's V - - Wide range of treed and treeless inland habitats, No. No suitable No Cockatoo always within easy reach of water. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Lophoictinia isura Square-tailed Kite V - - Timbered habitats including dry woodlands and open Unlikely No forests, particularly timbered watercourses.

Macronectes giganteus Southern Giant E1 E, M - Marine. No. No suitable No Petrel habitat on or near the Project Area

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 29 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Macronectes halli Northern Giant- V V, M - Marine. No. No suitable No Petrel habitat on or near the Project Area.

Monarcha melanopsis Black-faced Monarch - M - Rainforest, open eucalypt forests, dry sclerophyll No. No suitable No forests and woodlands, gullies in mountain areas or habitat on or near coastal foothills, Brigalow scrub, coastal scrub, the Project Area. mangroves, parks and gardens.

Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail - M - Swamp margins, sewage ponds, saltmarshes, playing No. No suitable No fields, airfields, ploughed land, lawns. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Monarcha trivirgatus Spectacled Monarch - M - Mountain/lowland rainforest, wooded gullies, riparian No. No suitable No vegetation including mangroves. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Myiagra cyanoleuca Satin Flycatcher - M - Eucalypt-dominated forests, especially near wetlands, No. No suitable No watercourses, and heavily-vegetated gullies. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Neophema chrysogaster Orange-bellied E4A CE - Winter habitat is mostly within 3 km of the coast in No. No suitable No Parrot sheltered bays, lagoons, estuaries, coastal dunes and habitat on or near saltmarshes. Also small islands and peninsulas, the Project Area. saltworks, golf courses, low samphire herbland and taller coastal shrubland.

Ninox strenua Powerful Owl V - - Woodland, open sclerophyll forest, tall open wet No. No suitable No forest and rainforest. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Numenius Eastern Curlew - CE, M - Estuaries, bays, harbours, inlets and coastal lagoons, Potential Yes madagascariensis intertidal mudflats or sandflats, ocean beaches, coral reefs, rock platforms, saltmarsh, mangroves, freshwater/brackish lakes, saltworks and sewage farms.

Numenius minutus Little Curlew - M - Dry grasslands, open woodlands, floodplains, margins Potential Yes of drying swamps, tidal mudflats, airfields, playing fields, crops, saltfields, sewage ponds.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 30 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel - M - Estuaries, mangroves, tidal flats, coral cays, exposed Potential Yes reefs, flooded paddocks, sewage ponds, grasslands, sports fields, lawns.

Onychoprion fuscata Sooty Tern V - - Marine. Potential Yes

Pandion cristatus Eastern Osprey V - - Rocky shorelines, islands, reefs, mouths of large rivers, Potential Yes lagoons and lakes.

Pandion haliaetus Osprey - M - Potential Potential Yes

Pachyptila turtur Fairy Prion - V - Marine No. No suitable No subantarctica habitat on or near the Project Area.

Phoebetria fusca Sooty Albatross V V - Marine No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

Polytelis swainsonii Superb Parrot V V - Box-gum woodland, Box-Cypress-pine and Boree No. No suitable No Woodlands and River Red Gum Forest. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover - M - Estuaries, mudflats, saltmarshes, mangroves, rocky Potential Yes reefs, inland swamps, ocean shores, paddocks, sewage ponds, ploughed land, airfields, playing fields.

Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover - M - Mudflats, saltmarsh, tidal reefs and estuaries. Potential Yes

Pterodroma leucoptera Gould's Petrel V E - Marine. Nesting habitat is located within steeply No. No suitable No leucoptera sloping rock scree gullies with a canopy of Cabbage habitat on or near Tree Palms.” the Project Area.

Pterodroma neglecta Kermadec Petrel V V - Marine No. No suitable No neglecta (west Pacific habitat on or near subspecies) the Project Area.

Ptilinopus superbus Superb Fruit-Dove V - - Rainforest and closed forests. May also forage in No. No suitable No eucalypt or acacia woodland where there are fruit- habitat on or near bearing trees. the Project Area.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 31 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail - M - Wet sclerophyll forests, subtropical and temperate No. No suitable No rainforests. Sometimes drier sclerophyll forests and habitat on or near woodlands. the Project Area.

Rostratula australis Australian Painted E1 E - Swamps, dams and nearby marshy areas. No. No suitable No Snipe habitat on or near the Project Area.

Sterna albifrons Little Tern - M, Mar - The Little Tern is mainly coastal, being found on Potential Yes beaches, sheltered inlets, estuaries, lakes, sewage farms, lagoons, river mouths and deltas

Sterna hirundo Common Tern - M - Offshore waters, ocean beaches, estuaries, large lakes. Potential Yes Less commonly freshwater swamps, floodwaters, sewage farms and brackish and saline lakes.

Sternula albifrons Little Tern E1 M - Sheltered coastal environments, harbours, inlets and Potential Yes rivers.

Sternula nereis nereis Australian Fairy Tern - V - Embayments of a variety of habitats including Unlikely No offshore, estuarine or lake islands, wetlands and mainland coastline. Nests on sheltered sandy beaches, spits and banks above the high tide line and below vegetation.

Thalassarche bulleri Buller's Albatross - V - Marine No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

Thalassarche bulleri platei Northern Buller's - V - Marine No. No suitable No Albatross habitat on or near the Project Area.

Thalassarche cauta cauta Shy Albatross V V - Marine No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

Thalassarche eremita Chatham Albatross - E - Marine No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 32 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Thalassarche impavida Campbell Albatross - V - Marine No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

Thalassarche cauta Tasmanian Shy - V - Marine No. No suitable No Albatross habitat on or near the Project Area.

Thalassarche melanophris Black-browed V V; M - Marine No. No suitable No Albatross habitat on or near the Project Area.

Thalassarche salvini Salvin's Albatross V - Marine No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

Thalassarche steadi White-capped - V - Marine No. No suitable No Albatross habitat on or near the Project Area.

Tringa nebularia Common - M - Terrestrial wetlands (swamps, lakes, dams, rivers, Unlikely No Greenshank creeks, billabongs, waterholes and inundated floodplains, claypans, saltflats, sewage farms and saltworks dams, inundated rice crops and bores) and sheltered coastal habitats (mudflats, saltmarsh, mangroves, embayments, harbours, river estuaries, deltas, lagoons, tidal pools, rock-flats and rock platforms).

Tyto novaehollandiae Masked Owl V - - Dry eucalypt forests and woodlands from sea level to No. No suitable No 1100 m. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper V M - Mudbanks and sandbanks near mangroves, rocky Potential. Yes pools and reefs, and occasionally up to 10 km inland around brackish pools.

Mammals (excluding bats)

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 33 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Cercartetus nanus Eastern Pygmy- V - - Rainforest, sclerophyll forest (including Box-Ironbark), No. No suitable No possum woodland and heath. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Isoodon obesulus obesulus Southern Brown E1 E - Heath or open forest with a heathy understorey on No. No suitable No Bandicoot (eastern) sandy or friable soils. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Petauroides volans Greater Glider E2 V - Eucalypt forests and woodlands. No. No suitable No population in the habitat on or near Eurobodalla local the Project Area. government area

Petrogale penicillata Brush-tailed Rock- E1 V - Rocky escarpments, outcrops and cliffs with a No. No suitable No wallaby preference for complex structures with fissures, caves habitat on or near and ledges. the Project Area.

Phascolarctos cinereus Koala V V - Eucalypt woodlands and forests. No. No suitable No habitat on or near the Project Area.

Pseudomys New Holland Mouse - V - Open heathlands, woodlands and forests with a No. No suitable No novaehollandiae heathland understorey, vegetated sand dunes. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Microbats and Mega Bats

Chalinolobus dwyeri Large-eared Pied Bat V V - Wet and dry sclerophyll forests, Cyprus Pine Unlikely No dominated forest, woodland, sub-alpine woodland, edges of rainforests and sandstone outcrop country.

Miniopterus australis Little Bentwing-bat V - - Moist eucalypt forest, rainforest, vine thicket, wet and Unlikely No dry sclerophyll forest, Melaleuca swamps, dense coastal forests and banksia scrub.

Myotis macropus Southern Myotis V - - Foraging habitat is waterbodies (including streams, or Yes Yes lakes or reservoirs) and fringing areas of vegetation up to 20m.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 34 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Pteropus poliocephalus Grey-headed Flying- V V - Subtropical and temperate rainforests, tall sclerophyll No. No suitable No fox forests and woodlands, heaths and swamps as well as habitat on or near urban gardens and cultivated fruit crops. the Project Area.

Scoteanax rueppellii Greater Broad-nosed V - - Woodland, moist and dry eucalypt forest and Unlikely No Bat rainforest.

Reptiles

Hoplocephalus Broad-headed Snake E1 V - Dry and wet sclerophyll forests, riverine forests, No. No suitable No bungaroides coastal heath swamps, rocky outcrops, heaths, grassy habitat on or near woodlands. the Project Area.

Invertebrates

Hadrachaeta aspeta Marine Worm - - E4 Soft muddy sediments in the inter-tidal zone of Unlikely No enclosed bays and estuaries on the seaward side of mangroves.

Notopala sublineata River Snail - - E1 Natural habitat is mud, logs or rocks on the banks of No. No suitable No flowing rivers. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Pommerhelix duralensis Dural Land Snail E - The Dural Land Snail is endemic to NSW and is confined No. No suitable No to the northwest fringes of the Cumberland Plain. The habitat on or near snail has a strong preference for dry shale-influenced the Project Area. transitional landscapes. Associated with open eucalypt forests, particularly Shale-Sandstone Transition Forest and Sydney Turpentine – Ironbark Forest. Found under fallen logs, debris and in bark and leaf litter around the trunk of gum trees (particularly Eucalyptus punctata) or burrowing in loose soil around clumps of grass.

Insects

Archaeophya adamsi Adams Emerald - - E1 - Small creeks with gravel or sandy bottoms, in narrow, No. No suitable No Dragonfly shaded riffle zones with moss and rich riparian habitat on or near vegetation. the Project Area.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 35 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Austropetalia tonyana Alpine Redspot - - V - Individuals have extremely specific habitat No. No suitable No Dragonfly requirements in that they only occur amongst rocks, habitat on or near logs and moss within waterfall splash zones. the Project Area.

Austrocordulia leonardi Sydney Hawk - - E1 - Deep and shady riverine pools with cooler water. No. No suitable No Dragonfly Larvae are found under rocks. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Fish

Ambassis agassizii Olive Perchlet - - E2 - Rivers, creeks, ponds and swamps. They are usually No. No suitable No found in slow-flowing or still waters, often near habitat on or near overhanging vegetation or amongst logs, dead the Project Area. branches and boulders.

Bidyanus bidyanus Silver Perch - - - Fast-flowing, open waters, especially where there are No. No suitable No rapids and races; however, will also inhabit warm, habitat on or near sluggish water with cover provided by large woody the Project Area. debris and reeds.

Branchinella Buchanans Fairy - - V - Temporary (intermittently inundated) salt lakes. No. No suitable No buchananensis Shrimp habitat on or near the Project Area.

Centrophorus harrissoni Harrisson's Dogfish - CD - Mainly demersal (bottom-dwelling) and are most No. No suitable No commonly recorded in water depths between 200– habitat on or near 650 m, but have been captured from the Project Area. depths down to 1050 m.

Centrophorus zeehaani Southern Dogfish - CD - Upper slope of the southern continental shelf (180 m No. No suitable No to 900 m). habitat on or near the Project Area.

Craterocephalus Darling River - - E2 - Slow flowing, clear, shallow waters or in aquatic No. No suitable No amniculus Hardyhead vegetation at the edge of such waters. Also recorded habitat on or near population in the from the edge of fast flowing habitats such as the runs the Project Area. Hunter River at the head of catchment pools.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 36 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Craterocephalus fluviatilis Murray Hardyhead - E E4A - Slow-flowing lowland rivers and in lakes, billabongs No. No suitable No and backwaters, in fresh to saline water. Often found habitat on or near amongst aquatic weeds. the Project Area.

Epinephelus daemelii Black Rockcod, - V V - Caves, gutters and beneath bomboras on rocky reefs. No. No suitable No Small juveniles are often found in coastal rock pools, habitat on or near and larger juveniles around rocky shores in estuaries. the Project Area.

Euastacus armatus Murray Crayfish - - V - Streams in a variety of habitats, from pasture-lands to No. No suitable No sclerophyll forest. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Euastacus dharawalus Fitzroy Falls Spiny - - E4A - Only in Wildes Meadow Creek; mainly occupies No. No suitable No Crayfish burrows in the soft stream bed below the waterline. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Gadopsis marmoratus Snowy River - - E2 - Benthic habitats ranging from No. No suitable No population of River small snaggy streams and fast flowing rivers to murky habitat on or near Blackfish sluggish streams and dams. the Project Area.

Galeorhinus galeus School Shark - CD - Demersal waters, over the continental and insular No. No suitable No shelves, but also over the upper slopes, in depths from habitat on or near near shore to 550 m. Shallow sheltered bays, estuaries the Project Area. and inlets are utilised by females giving birth and by juveniles.

Galaxias rostratus Flathead Galaxias - - E4A - Still or slow moving water bodies such as wetlands and No. No suitable No lowland streams, with rock or sandy bottoms and habitat on or near aquatic vegetation. the Project Area.

Maccullochella ikei Eastern Freshwater - E E1 - Clear, flowing streams with rocky beds and deep holes. No. No suitable No Cod habitat on or near the Project Area.

Maccullochella Trout Cod - E E1 - Found in relatively fast currents, especially in fairly No. No suitable No macquariensis deep water close to the bank, and often congregate habitat on or near around large woody debris (snags). the Project Area.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 37 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Maccullochella peelii Murray Cod - V Clear rocky streams to slow flowing, turbid rivers and No. No suitable No billabongs. Frequently found in the main river channel habitat on or near and larger tributaries; also in floodplain channels when the Project Area. they contain water.

Macquaria australasica Macquarie Perch - E E - River and lake habitats, especially the upper reaches of No. No suitable No rivers and their tributaries. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Nannoperca australis Southern Pygmy E1 - - Well-vegetated, slow-flowing or still waters including No. No suitable No Perch streams, lakes, billabongs and other types of wetlands. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Nannoperca oxleyana Oxleyan Pygmy Perch E1 E - Swamps, creeks and lakes of coastal ‘wallum’ (Banksia- No. No suitable No dominated coastal heath); prefer slow-moving or still habitat on or near waters with dense aquatic vegetation (e.g. sedges) or the Project Area. undercut, root-filled banks.

Pristis zijsron Green Sawfish E4 V,M - Muddy or sandy-mud soft bottom habitats in inshore No. No suitable No areas, and very shallow water in estuaries. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Prototroctes maraena Australian Grayling - V - Streams and rivers on the eastern and southern flanks No. No suitable No of the Great Dividing Range; in NSW, it occurs south habitat on or near from the Shoalhaven River. the Project Area.

Rexea solandri Eastern Gemfish - CD - Deeper continental shelf habitats and upper slope No. No suitable No waters generally from 250 to 500 m (down to 1254 m). habitat on or near Larvae occur in shallow to very shallow waters. the Project Area.

Sharks

Carcharias taurus Grey Nurse Shark - CE E4A - Temperate inshore coastal waters. Key habitat sites No. No suitable No along the coast of NSW and southern Qld generally habitat on or near have sandy-bottomed gutters or rocky caves and are in the Project Area. the vicinity of inshore rocky reefs or islands.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 38 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Carcharodon carcharias Great White Shark - V, M V - Inshore waters around rocky reefs and islands, and No. No suitable No often near seal colonies. habitat on or near the Project Area.

Rhincodon typus Whale Shark - V,M Oceanic and coastal, tropical to warm-temperate No. No suitable No waters. Often seen far offshore, but also comes close habitat on or near inshore and sometimes enters lagoons of coral atolls. the Project Area.

Sphyrna lewini Scalloped E1 - - Adults inhabit deep No. No suitable No Hammerhead Shark waters adjacent to continental shelves, while juveniles habitat on or near are found close to shore in nursery habitats. the Project Area.

Sphyrna mokarran Great Hammerhead - - V - Coastal-pelagic and No. No suitable No Shark semi-oceanic, occurring along coastlines, continental habitat on or near shelves and adjacent drop-offs to about 80 m depth. the Project Area.

B2: Flora Scientific Name Common Name BC Act Status EPBC Act Habitat Likelihood of Impact Assessment Status Occurrence Required

Acacia bynoeana Bynoe's Wattle E1 V Heath or dry sclerophyll forest on Unlikely. Suitable No sandy soils. habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Acacia pubescens Downy Wattle V V Open woodland and forest, Unlikely. Suitable No including Cooks River/Castlereagh habitat for the species Ironbark Forest, Shale/Gravel not present within the Transition Forest and Cumberland Project Area. Plain Woodland. Occurs on alluviums, shales and at the intergrade between shales and sandstones.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 39 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Scientific Name Common Name BC Act Status EPBC Act Habitat Likelihood of Impact Assessment Status Occurrence Required

Acacia terminalis subsp. terminalis Sunshine Wattle E1 E Coastal scrub and dry sclerophyll Unlikely. Suitable No woodland on sandy soils. habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Allocasuarina diminuta subsp. Allocasuarina diminuta subsp. E2 - Heathy woodland, heathlands Unlikely. Suitable No mimica mimica L.A.S.Johnson and low open woodlands. habitat for the species population in the Sutherland not present within the and Liverpool local Project Area. government area

Allocasuarina glareicola - E1 E Castlereagh woodland on lateritic Unlikely. Suitable No soil. Found in open woodland with habitat for the species Eucalyptus parramattensis, not present within the Eucalyptus fibrosa, Angophora Project Area. bakeri, Eucalyptus sclerophylla and Melaleuca decora.

Astrotricha crassifolia Thick-leaf Star-hair V V Dry sclerophyll woodland on Unlikely. Suitable No sandstone. habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Caesia parviflora var. minor Small Pale Grass-lily E1 - Damp places in open forest on Unlikely. Suitable No sandstone. habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Caladenia tessellata Thick Lip Spider Orchid E1 V Grassy sclerophyll woodland on Unlikely. Suitable No clay loam or sandy soils, or low habitat for the species woodland with stony soil. not present within the Project Area.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 40 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Scientific Name Common Name BC Act Status EPBC Act Habitat Likelihood of Impact Assessment Status Occurrence Required

Callistemon linearifolius Netted Bottle Brush V - Dry sclerophyll forest. Unlikely. Suitable No habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Cryptostylis hunteriana Leafless Tongue Orchid V V Coastal heathlands, margins of Unlikely. Suitable No coastal swamps and sedgelands, habitat for the species coastal forest, dry woodland, and not present within the lowland forest." Project Area.

Chamaesyce psammogeton Sand Spurge E1 - Fore-dunes, pebbly strandlines Unlikely. Suitable No and exposed headlands, often habitat for the species with Spinifex sericeus (Spinifex) not present within the and Zoysia macrantha (Prickly Project Area. Couch).

Cynanchum elegans White-flowered Wax Plant E1 E Dry rainforest; littoral rainforest; Unlikely. Suitable No Leptospermum laevigatum- habitat for the species Banksia integrifolia subsp. not present within the integrifolia (Coastal Tea-tree– Project Area. Coastal Banksia) coastal scrub; Eucalyptus tereticornis (Forest Red Gum) or Corymbia maculata (Spotted Gum) open forest and woodland; and Melaleuca armillaris (Bracelet Honeymyrtle) scrub.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 41 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Scientific Name Common Name BC Act Status EPBC Act Habitat Likelihood of Impact Assessment Status Occurrence Required

Eucalyptus camfieldii Camfield's Stringybark V V Coastal heath on shallow sandy Unlikely. Suitable No soils overlying Hawkesbury habitat for the species sandstone, mostly on exposed not present within the sandy ridges.” Project Area.

Genoplesium baueri Bauer's Midge Orchid E1 E Dry sclerophyll forest and moss Unlikely. Suitable No gardens over sandstone. habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Hibbertia sp. Bankstown - E4A CE Heavily modified low grass/shrub Unlikely. Suitable No association (ex Cooks habitat for the species River/Castlereagh Ironbark Forest) not present within the on sandy alluvium with a high silt Project Area. content.

Hibbertia fumana - E4A Generally found in areas of Unlikely. Suitable No woodland with a more open habitat for the species understorey, in a long intergrade not present within the between Castlereagh Scribbly Project Area. Gum Woodland and Castlereagh Ironbark Forest at the Moorebank Site.

Hibbertia puberula - E1 - Low heath, dry sclerophyll Unlikely. Suitable No woodland, upland swamps, on habitat for the species sandy soils or clay. not present within the Project Area.

Hibbertia puberula subsp. - E4A CE Heavily modified low grass/shrub Unlikely. Suitable No glabrescens association (ex Cooks habitat for the species River/Castlereagh Ironbark Forest) not present within the on sandy alluvium with a high silt Project Area. content.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 42 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Scientific Name Common Name BC Act Status EPBC Act Habitat Likelihood of Impact Assessment Status Occurrence Required

Isotoma fluviatilis subsp. fluviatilis - E1 X Damp places on the Cumberland Unlikely. Suitable No Plain, including freshwater habitat for the species wetland, grassland/alluvial not present within the woodland, and alluvial Project Area. woodland/shale plains woodland.

Maundia triglochinoides - V - Swamps, lagoons, dams, channels, Unlikely. Suitable No creeks or shallow freshwater 30 - habitat for the species 60 cm deep on heavy clay. not present within the Project Area.

Melaleuca biconvexa Biconvex Paperbark V V Damp places, often near streams Unlikely. Suitable No or low-lying areas on alluvial soils. habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Melaleuca deanei Deane's Paperbark V V Heath on sandstone. Unlikely. Suitable No habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Persicaria elatior Tall Knotweed V V Beside streams and lakes, swamp Unlikely. Suitable No forest or disturbed areas. habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Persoonia hirsuta Hairy Geebung E1 E Sandy soils in dry sclerophyll open Unlikely. Suitable No forest, woodland and heath on habitat for the species sandstone. not present within the Project Area.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 43 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Scientific Name Common Name BC Act Status EPBC Act Habitat Likelihood of Impact Assessment Status Occurrence Required

Persoonia nutans Nodding Geebung E1 E Northern populations: sclerophyll Unlikely. Suitable No forest and woodland (Agnes Banks habitat for the species Woodland, Castlereagh Scribbly not present within the Gum Woodland and Cooks River / Project Area. Castlereagh Ironbark Forest) on aeolian and alluvial sediments. Southern populations: tertiary alluvium, shale sandstone transition communities and Cooks River / Castlereagh Ironbark Forest.

Pimelea curviflora var. curviflora - V V Woodland, mostly on Unlikely. Suitable No shaley/lateritic soils over habitat for the species sandstone and shale/sandstone not present within the transition soils on ridgetops and Project Area. upper slopes.

Pimelea spicata Spiked Rice-flower E1 E Well-structured clay soils. Unlikely. Suitable No Eucalyptus moluccana (Grey Box) habitat for the species communities and in areas of not present within the ironbark on the Cumberland Plain. Project Area. Coast Banksia open woodland or coastal grassland in the Illawarra.”

Prostanthera densa Villous Mint-bush V V Sclerophyll forest and shrubland Unlikely. Suitable No on coastal headlands and near- habitat for the species coastal ranges, chiefly on not present within the sandstone. Project Area.

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 44 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Scientific Name Common Name BC Act Status EPBC Act Habitat Likelihood of Impact Assessment Status Occurrence Required

Pterostylis saxicola Sydney Plains Greenhood E1 E Small pockets of shallow soil in Unlikely. Suitable No depressions on sandstone rock habitat for the species shelves above cliff lines, adjacent not present within the to sclerophyll forest or woodland Project Area. on shale/sandstone transition soils or shale soils.

Pterostylis sp. Botany Bay Botany Bay Bearded Orchid E1 E Coastal heath dominated by Unlikely. Suitable No Melaleuca nodosa and Baeckea habitat for the species imbricata on skeletal sandy soils not present within the derived from sandstone. Project Area.

Senecio spathulatus Coast Groundsel E1 - Frontal dunes in coastal areas. Unlikely. Suitable No habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Syzygium paniculatum Magenta Lilly Pilly E1 V Subtropical and littoral rainforest Unlikely. Suitable No on gravels, sands, silts and clays. habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Thelymitra kangaloonica Kangaloon Sun Orchid - CE Swamps in sedgelands over grey Unlikely. Suitable No silty grey loam soils. habitat for the species not present within the Project Area.

Thesium australe Austral Toadflax V V Grassland on coastal headlands or Unlikely. Suitable No grassland and grassy woodland habitat for the species away from the coast. not present within the Project Area.

Seagrass and Marine Algae

Nereia lophocladia Marine Brown Alga E4A (FM Act) - Potential Yes

© ECO LOGICAL AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 45 Woolooware Bay Town Centre Foreshore Park DA 2019 - Flora and Fauna Assessment | Capital Bluestone Pty Ltd Scientific Name Common Name BC Act Status EPBC Act Habitat Likelihood of Impact Assessment Status Occurrence Required

Posidonia australis Port Hacking, Botany Bay, E2 (FM Act) - Shallow depths in estuaries, Potential Yes (potential indirect Sydney Harbour, Pittwater, coastal lakes and sheltered coastal impact from Brisbane Waters and Lake waters. sedimentation to the Macquarie populations bay)

Assessments of significance

Section 7.3 of the BC Act 2016 requires a number of factors to be taken into account for the purposes of determining whether a proposed development or activity is likely to significantly affect threatened species or ecological communities, or their habitats. These factors are addressed below for each of the species and communities likely to be impacted. The assessments consider potential direct impacts such as clearing weeds and indirect impacts such as fauna disturbance due to noise and light.

C1: Shorebirds and The Shorebird Community occurring on the relict tidal delta sands at Taren Point Towra Point and Taren Point feature the open mudflats and sandbanks that are the preferred foraging habitat for threatened and migratory shorebird species (waders) in the study area. Mangroves adjacent mudflats and sandbanks can provide roosting habitat for these species.

The Shorebird Community occurring on the relict tidal delta sands at Taren Point, known hereafter as the Taren Point Shorebird endangered ecological community (TPS EEC), stretches from Taren Point to Shelley Point, approximately 3 km north-west of the study site. The TPS EEC has been listed as an endangered ecological community due to its unique assemblage of shorebirds, restricted habitat, and numerous threats that place pressure on shorebird species which make up the community.

The TPS EEC is a unique assemblage of shorebirds owing to the presence of the threatened Terek Sandpiper. The greater abundance of smaller, mudflat feeding shorebirds such as Red-necked Stint (Calidris ruficollis), Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), Red Knot (Calidris canutus), Curlew Sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea), Pacific Golden Plover and Grey-tailed Tattler (Heteroscelus brevipes) also contribute to the uniqueness of the community (NSW DECC 2007a).

The majority of shorebirds that occur within the study area (including those listed within the TPS EEC) are migratory species and spend the breeding period in the northern hemisphere.

No habitat for the TPS EEC or threatened species of exists within the subject site, however the mangroves immediately adjacent to the site may provide roosting habitat for species such as the Terek Sandpiper and Grey-tailed Tattler.

An assessment of significance is provided below.

BC Act Question Response

7.3.1 a) In the case of a threatened species: Threatened and migratory bird species may roost in the whether the proposed development or activity is mangroves adjacent the subject site and forage on the likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of sandbanks and mudflats in the wider study area. the species such that a viable local population of There will be no direct impact to their habitat, however the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction there may be some temporary disturbance (noise) during earthworks and construction of the path. This would be minor in the context of other activities around the bay and would not adversely affect the life cycle of these species.

BC Act Question Response

7.3.1 b) i In the case of an endangered ecological community Threatened and migratory bird species from the Taren or critically endangered ecological community, Point Shorebird EEC may roost in the mangroves whether the proposed development or activity: adjacent the subject site and forage on the sandbanks Is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of and mudflats in the wider study area. the ecological community such that its local The increased riparian planting may provide some occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of additional habitat for these species, although this extinction, or would be minor compared to the available habitat around the bay. The EEC would not be placed at risk of extinction from the proposal.

7.3.1 b) ii In the case of an endangered ecological community Threatened and migratory bird species from the Taren or critically endangered ecological community: Point Shorebird EEC may roost in the mangroves Whether the proposed development or activity is adjacent the subject site and forage on the sandbanks likely to substantially and adversely modify the and mudflats in the wider study area. composition of the ecological community such that There will be no direct impact to their habitat, however its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of there may be some temporary disturbance (noise) extinction. during earthworks and construction of the path. This would be minor in the context of other activities around the bay. The increased riparian planting may provide some additional habitat for these species. The EEC would not be placed at risk of extinction from the proposal.

7.3.1 c) i In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or as above ecological community: The extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the proposed development or activity

7.3.1 c) ii In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or The habitat will not become fragmented or isolated ecological community: from other areas of habitat. The proposal will increase Whether an area of habitat is likely to become the area of habitat. fragmented or isolated from other areas of habitat as a result of the proposed development or activity

7.3.1 c) iii In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or The habitat will not be removed, adversely modified, ecological community: fragmented or isolated. The importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the locality.

7.3.1 d) Whether the proposed development or activity is The subject site is included in the Biodiversity Values likely to have an adverse effect on any declared Map. However, the proposed park will improve the area of outstanding biodiversity value (either quality of the site by revegetation and weed removal. directly or indirectly).

7.3.1 e) Whether the proposed development or activity is The proposed development is not part of a key or is part of a key threatening process or is likely to threatening process. increase the impact of a key threatening process.

Conclusion Is there likely to be a significant impact? No

C2: Swamp oak floodplain forest of the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions (SOFF) This community is found on the coastal floodplains of NSW. The structure of the community may vary from open forests to low woodlands, scrubs or reedlands with scattered trees, being located in close proximity to rivers and estuarine with saline influences. This community is generally characterised by Casuarina glauca, Melaleuca ericifolia, Baumea juncea, Entolasia marginata, Gahnia clarkei, Hypolepis muelleri, Phragmites australis and Viola hederacea, although composition of species present caries greatly dependent on soil water levels. This community occurs on waterlogged or periodically inundated flats, drainage lines, lake margins and estuarine fringes associated with coastal floodplains generally below 20 m (rarely above 10 m) elevation.

There is an area of SOFF on the northern side of the Family Hill, although this is degraded by weeds (see Figure 1). Any species associated with the SOFF within the subject site will be protected during the revegetation process.

BC Act Question Response

7.3.1 a) In the case of a threatened species: This is not a threatened species. whether the proposed development or activity is likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction

7.3.1 b) i In the case of an endangered ecological community No, the proposal will not have adverse effect on the or critically endangered ecological community, extent of the ecological community such that its local whether the proposed development or activity: occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction. Is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or

7.3.1 b) ii In the case of an endangered ecological community No, the proposal is not likely to substantially and or critically endangered ecological community: adversely modify the composition of the ecological Whether the proposed development or activity is community such that its local occurrence is likely to be likely to substantially and adversely modify the placed at risk of extinction. composition of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.

7.3.1 c) i In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or The proposal does not require the removal or adverse ecological community: modification of habitat. Any species characteristic of The extent to which habitat is likely to be removed SOFF will be retained during the weed removal or modified as a result of the proposed activities in Stage A1 and A2. . development or activity

7.3.1 c) ii In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or No, the habitat is not likely to become fragmented or ecological community: isolated from other areas of habitat. Whether an area of habitat is likely to become fragmented or isolated from other areas of habitat as a result of the proposed development or activity

BC Act Question Response

7.3.1 c) iii In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or No habitat will be removed, modified, fragmented or ecological community: isolated. The importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the locality.

7.3.1 d) Whether the proposed development or activity is The subject site is included in the Biodiversity Values likely to have an adverse effect on any declared Map. Areas mapped as SOFF and species characteristic area of outstanding biodiversity value (either of SOFF will be retained. Weed removal and directly or indirectly). revegetation in Stages A1 and A2 will improve the biodiversity value of the site.

7.3.1 e) Whether the proposed development or activity is No, the proposal does not part of a KTP. or is part of a key threatening process or is likely to increase the impact of a key threatening process.

Conclusion Is there likely to be a significant impact? No.

C3: Coastal Saltmarsh in the New South Wales North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner Bioregions Coastal Saltmarsh is found in the upper limits of the inter-tidal zone of coastal estuaries and saline or brackish lagoons. This means they are only intermittently flooded by medium to high tides and the flora and fauna are specially adapted to highly saline environments. It is often found between mangrove stands and saline forest types such as the EEC, Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest. West et al. (1985) estimated the total area of coastal saltmarsh in NSW was approximately 5700 hectares distributed in fragmented patches mostly less than 100 hectares.

There are over 200 plant species that occur in the Coastal Saltmarsh environment and as such NOT ALL the species listed below need to be present at any one site for it to constitute Coastal Saltmarsh. Species within the coastal saltmarsh EEC include, but are not limited to, Grey Mangrove (Avicennia marina), River Mangrove (Aegiceras corniculatus), Swamp Paperbark (Melaleuca ericifolia), Baumea juncea, Knobby Club Rush (Ficinia nodosa), Sea Rush (Juncus kraussii), Creeping Brookweed (Samolus repens), Samphire (Sarcocornia quinqueflora), Swampweed (Selliera radicans), Saltwater Couch (Sporobolus virginicus), Austral Seablite (Suaeda australis), Streaked Arrowgrass (Triglochin striata), Prickly Couch (Zoysia macrantha) and seagrass beds including Posidonia australis.

There are no patches of Coastal Saltmarsh EEC within the subject site, although a few isolated plants were observed and will be retained during the revegetation process. Revegetation will include saltmarsh planting. The study area has extensive saltmarsh.

BC Act Question Response

7.3.1 b) i In the case of an endangered ecological community No, the proposal is not likely to have an adverse effect or critically endangered ecological community, on the extent of the ecological community such that its whether the proposed development or activity: local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of Is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of extinction. the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or

7.3.1 b) ii In the case of an endangered ecological community No, the proposal will not substantially and adversely or critically endangered ecological community: modify the composition of the ecological community Whether the proposed development or activity is such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at likely to substantially and adversely modify the risk of extinction. composition of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.

7.3.1 c) i In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or No habitat is to be removed or adversely modified. ecological community: The extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the proposed development or activity

BC Act Question Response

7.3.1 c) ii In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or No area of habitat is likely to become fragmented or ecological community: isolated from other areas of habitat as a result of the Whether an area of habitat is likely to become proposed development. fragmented or isolated from other areas of habitat as a result of the proposed development or activity

7.3.1 c) iii In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or No habitat is to be removed, modified, fragmented or ecological community: isolated. The importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the locality.

7.3.1 d) Whether the proposed development or activity is The subject site is included in the Biodiversity Values likely to have an adverse effect on any declared Map. However, the proposed development will area of outstanding biodiversity value (either improve the quality of the site by revegetation and directly or indirectly). weed removal.

7.3.1 e) Whether the proposed development or activity is No, the proposal is not part of a KTP. or is part of a key threatening process or is likely to increase the impact of a key threatening process.

Conclusion Is there likely to be a significant impact? No

C4: Myotis macropus Myotis macropus is a threatened species of microbat that occurs in the coastal band of NSW. It is rarely found more than 100 km inland, except along major rivers. Foraging habitat is waterbodies (including streams, or lakes or reservoirs) and fringing areas of vegetation up to 20m. Myotis generally roost in groups of 10 - 15 close to water in caves, mine shafts, hollow-bearing trees, storm water channels, buildings, under bridges and in dense foliage. They forage over streams and pools catching insects and small fish by raking their feet across the water surface. In NSW females have one young each year usually in November or December.

Myotis macropus have been detected in the study area during previous ecological surveys and are likely to roost in hollows of mature mangroves adjacent to the subject site. No mangroves with hollows will be cleared as part of the proposed works.

BC Act Question Response

7.3.1 a) In the case of a threatened species: No foraging or roosting habitat will be removed by the whether the proposed development or activity is proposed works. likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of the species such that a viable local population of the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction

7.3.1 b) i In the case of an endangered ecological This species is not part of an endangered ecological community or critically endangered ecological community. community, whether the proposed development or activity: Is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or

7.3.1 b) ii In the case of an endangered ecological This species is not part of an endangered ecological community or critically endangered ecological community. community: Whether the proposed development or activity is likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.

7.3.1 c) i In relation to the habitat of a threatened species No habitat is to be removed or adversely modified by or ecological community: the proposed works. The extent to which habitat is likely to be removed or modified as a result of the proposed development or activity

7.3.1 c) ii In relation to the habitat of a threatened species No areas of habitat are likely to become fragmented or ecological community: or isolated from other areas of habitat as a result of Whether an area of habitat is likely to become the proposed development. fragmented or isolated from other areas of habitat as a result of the proposed development or activity

BC Act Question Response

7.3.1 c) iii In relation to the habitat of a threatened species No habitat is to be removed, adversely modified, or ecological community: fragmented or isolated by the proposed works. The importance of the habitat to be removed, modified, fragmented or isolated to the long-term survival of the species, population or ecological community in the locality.

7.3.1 d) Whether the proposed development or activity is The subject site is included in the Biodiversity Values likely to have an adverse effect on any declared Map. However, the proposed development will area of outstanding biodiversity value (either improve the quality of the site by revegetation and directly or indirectly). weed removal.

Conclusion Is there likely to be a significant impact? No

C5: Predatory birds The White-Bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) and the Eastern Osprey (Pandion cristatus) are predatory birds, both of which are listed as vulnerable under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. Both species are distributed along the Australian coastline. In addition to this, the White-Bellied Sea Eagle is known to venture inland along rivers and wetlands. Both species typically feed on fish is large open water, with White-Bellied Sea Eagles also hunting freshwater turtles, waterbirds and mammals. One of the key threats both species face is the loss of habitat, specifically large trees along waterways which often act as nesting trees. The Eastern Osprey breeds during July to September in NSW resulting in a clutch of 2-3 eggs. The White-Bellied Sea Eagle on the other hand has a much larger breeding season, often lasting from June to January. Their clutch often consists of two eggs.

No threatened predatory bird species have been observed within the subject site. However, they may nest or roost in tall native or exotic trees, including stags. Some exotic trees will be removed from the site, including on the top of the Family Hill. Exotic trees will be assessed for their ecological value and other factors such as contribution to amenity and bank stability. No native trees will be removed.

BC Act Question Response

7.3.1 a) In the case of a threatened species: One or two planted fig trees on the top of the Family whether the proposed development or activity is Hill will be cleared to enable construction of the viewing likely to have an adverse effect on the life cycle of platforms. There are other trees available in the study the species such that a viable local population of area and subject site, so the local population would not the species is likely to be placed at risk of extinction be placed at risk of extinction.

7.3.1 b) i In the case of an endangered ecological community These species are not part of an endangered ecological or critically endangered ecological community, community. whether the proposed development or activity: Is likely to have an adverse effect on the extent of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction, or

7.3.1 b) ii In the case of an endangered ecological community These species are not part of an endangered ecological or critically endangered ecological community: community. Whether the proposed development or activity is likely to substantially and adversely modify the composition of the ecological community such that its local occurrence is likely to be placed at risk of extinction.

7.3.1 c) i In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or There will be minor loss of available habitat. ecological community: Longer term there will be additional trees in the subject The extent to which habitat is likely to be removed site which may provide habitat for predatory birds. or modified as a result of the proposed development or activity

7.3.1 c) ii In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or Predatory birds are highly mobile species so their ecological community: habitat will not become fragmented or isolated as a Whether an area of habitat is likely to become result of the proposal. fragmented or isolated from other areas of habitat as a result of the proposed development or activity

BC Act Question Response

7.3.1 c) iii In relation to the habitat of a threatened species or Predatory birds have not been observed roosting or ecological community: nesting in the trees to be cleared, and there are other The importance of the habitat to be removed, trees available in the area, so the habitat to be removed modified, fragmented or isolated to the long-term is not considered important. survival of the species, population or ecological community in the locality.

7.3.1 d) Whether the proposed development or activity is The subject site is included in the Biodiversity Values likely to have an adverse effect on any declared Map. However, the proposed development will area of outstanding biodiversity value (either improve the quality of the site by revegetation directly or indirectly). (including tree species) and weed removal.

7.3.1 e) Whether the proposed development or activity is Habitat clearing is a key threatening process for or is part of a key threatening process or is likely to predatory bird species. However, the proposal will increase the impact of a key threatening process. result in an increase in habitat in the longer term.

Conclusion Is there likely to be a significant impact? No.

Qualifications

The table below lists the qualifications of staff involved in preparation of this report.

Name Qualifications

Beth Medway • Graduate Certificate in Change Management (AGSM UNSW) 2017 • Master of Environmental Engineering Science (UNSW) 2000 • Master of Environmental Studies (UNSW) 1992 • Bachelor of Science (Applied Physical Geography) (1st Class Hons) (UNSW) 1991 Karen Spicer • Bachelor of Environmental Science (Biology) Hons 1, UNSW – 1999 • Accredited Assessor BAAS18141 Alastair Jones • MPhil in Conservation Leadership, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom 2018 • Master of Science (Environmental Science), University of Melbourne, Australia 2011 • Bachelor of Science (Major in Zoology), University of Melbourne, Australia 2007 Griffin Taylor-Dalton • Bachelor of Zoology, major in conservational biology (WSU) 2017