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Ns18b Report.Pdf Soils of Pictou County, Nova Scotia Report No. 18 Nova Scotia Soi1 Survey K.T. Webb Land Resource Research Centre Truro, Nova Scotia Land Resource Research Centre Contribution No. 8.5-44 (NTS Map sheets 11E/6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, and 15) Accompanying map sheets: Soils of Pictou County (East and West) Research Branch Agriculture Canada 1990 Copies of this publication are available from Nova Scotia Department of Government Services information Services P.O. Box 550 Nova Scotia Agricultural College Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3 Prcduced by Research Program Service 0 iMinister of Supply and Services Canada 1990 Cat. No. A57-150/1990E ISBK 0-662-18196-4 Correct citation for this report is as follows: Webb, K.T. 1990. Soils of Pictou County, Nova Scotia. Report No. 18 Nova Scotia Soi1 Survey. Kesearch Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ont. 183 pp. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................... vii SUMMARY/RÉSUMÉ....................................................... viii/ix PART 1 . GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTY ................................. 1 Location and extent .................................................. 1 History of development ............................................... 1 Population and industry .............................................. 2 Transportation ....................................................... 3 Glaciation ........................................................... 4 Physiography and geology ............................................. 5 Climate ............................................................. 12 Vegetation .......................................................... 17 PART 2 . SOIL FORMATION. CLASSIFICATION. SURVEY. AND MAPPING METHODS .......................................................... 20 Soil formation...................................................... 20 Soil classification ................................................. 25 Survey methods ...................................................... 27 Mapping methods ..................................................... 29 PART 3 . SOIL ASSOCIATIONS AND MAP UNITS .................................. 30 Barney association (By) ............................................. 30 Bryden association (Br) ............................................. 32 Castley association (Ct) ............................................ 34 Cobequid association (Cd) ........................................... 37 Cumberland association (Cm) ......................................... 39 Hansford association (Hd) ........................................... 41 Hebert association (He) ............................................. 43 Hopewell association (Hp) ........................................... 45 Joggins association (Jg) ............................................ 47 Kirkhill association (Kh) ........................................... 49 Kirkmount association (Kt) .......................................... 51 Millbrook association (Mi) .......................................... 53 Perch Lake association (Ph) ......................................... 54 Pugwash association (Pw) ............................................ 57 Queens association (Qu) ............................................. 60 Shulie association (Su) ............................................. 61 Stewiacke association (Se) .......................................... 63 Thom association (Tm) ............................................... 65 Westbrook association (Wb) .......................................... 67 Woodbourne association (Wo) ......................................... 69 Wyvern association (Wn) ............................................. 71 Miscellaneous land types ............................................ 73 Salt marsh (SM) ............................................... 73 Coastal beach (Cb) ............................................ 73 Mine tailings (MT) ............................................ 73 iii PART 4 . SOIL INTERPRETATIONS FOR VARIOUS USES ........................... 75 AGRICULTURE .............................................................. 76 CL!: soi1 capability classification................................. 77 Vegetable crops .................................................... 77 Alfalfa ............................................................ 78 Spring cereals ..................................................... 78 Winter wheat ....................................................... 78 COMMUNITi! DEVELOPMENT .................................................... 88 On-site sewage disposa1 systems .................................... 88 Housing ............................................................ 88 Area-type sanitary landfill ........................................ 89 Local roads and streets ............................................ 89 Sewage lagoons ..................................................... 90 FORESTRY ................................................................ 103 Forestry road construction ........................................ 103 Off-road use of harvesting equipment .............................. 104 Reçistance to windthrow .......................................... 104 Soi1 erosion hazard ............................................... 104 Tree species to plant ............................................. 105 SOIL AS A SOURCE OF MATERIAL ............................................ 116 Topsoil ........................................................... 116 Grave1 ............................................................ 116 Roadfill .......................................................... 117 REFERENCES .............................................................. 126 APPENDIX 1 . LOCAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES OF PLANTS ................... 130 APPENDIX 2 . PROFILE DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYSES .......................... 131 APPENDIX 3 . GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................ 172 APPENDIX 4 . ENGINEERING SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND DATA ...................178 iv FIGURES 1 . Location of Pictou County and counties of Nova Scotia previously surveyed ............................................................. 1 2 . Location of toms and transportation routes .......................... 4 3 . Physiographic zones of Pictou County ................................. 6 4 . The Cobequid Upland (in background) form a plateau with a rolling summit, that rises about 100 m above the Northumberland Lowlands (in foreground) ...................................................... 7 5 . Generalized geological formations .................................... 8 6 . The edge of the Cobequid Uplands slopes steeply to the surrounding lowlands ............................................................. 9 7 . Bedrock controlled till landforms of the Pictou Highlands ........... 10 8 . Undulating till plain on the Northumberland Lowlands ................11 9 . Climatic data for Pictou County ..................................... 15 10 . Forest vegetation zones of Pictou County ............................ 18 11 . Hypothetical soil profile ........................................... 22 12 . Vehicle accessibility map ........................................... 28 13 . Barney soil profile ................................................. 31 14 . Bryden soil landscape ............................................... 32 15 . Bryden soil profile ................................................. 33 16 . Castley soils on a basin bog covered with sphagnwn moss and ericaceous shrubs ................................................... 35 17 . Castley soils develop in sedge peat on Stream fens ..................36 18 . Cobequid soil profile ............................................... 38 19 . Hansford soil profile ............................................... 42 20 . Aggregate excavation of Hebert soil material ........................ 44 21. Hopewell soils are frequently shallow to bedrock .................... 46 22 . Joggins soil profile ................................................ 48 23 . Kirkhill soils have developed on till veneers that overlie porous shattered Horton shales ............................................. 50 24 . Stony Kirkmount till ................................................ 52 25 . Perch Lake soil containing many, angular cobbles and Stones .........55 26 . A Pugwash soil landscape ............................................ 57 27 . A Pugwash soil profile showing a fracture plane in the fragic subsoil ............................................................. 58 28 . A poorly drained Stewiacke soil landscape near Meadowville ..........64 29 . Westbrook soil developed over conglomerate bedrock ..................68 30 . Hilly Woodbourne soil landscape (in background) ..................... 70 31. Salt marsh landscape at Caribou Island .............................. 74 32 . Soil-erodibility nomograph ......................................... 106 33 . Erosion hazard of soils ............................................ 106 34 . Tree species selection for reforestation .......................... 107 35 . Soi1 textural triangle . Percentages of Clay and Sand in the main textural classes of soil; the remainder of each class is silt ......177 V TABLES 1 . Monthly temperature and precipitation data for representative stations ............................................................ 14 2 . Average and extreme dates of frost and length of frost free period at representative stations .................................. 16 3 . Probability
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