DOCSLIB.ORG

Experiments on Choice of Substrata by Spirorbis Larvae (Serpulidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Experiments on Choice of Substrata by Spirorbis Larvae (Serpulidae) . Exp. Biol. (1962), 39, 483-490 483 Vith 1 text-figure Printed in Great Britain EXPERIMENTS ON CHOICE OF SUBSTRATA BY SPIRORBIS LARVAE (SERPULIDAE) BY P. H. D. H. DE SILVA Department of Zoology, University College of Swansea* {Received 22 April 1962) INTRODUCTION At Swansea there are three closely related species of Spirorbis occurring each on a characteristic substratum: S. boreaUs Daudin on Fucus serratus, S. coraltinae de Silva and Knight-Jones (1962) on Corallina officinalis and S. tridentatus Levinsen on rocks and stones. This pattern in their natural distribution suggests a high degree of sub- stratum selectivity by the larvae at the end of their pelagic stage. It is known from previous studies that larvae of S. borealis tend to select various substrata, settling readily and abundantly in the laboratory on F. serratus, F. vesiculosus, F. platycarpus and Laminaria saccharina but sparsely on Uha lactuca, Pelvetia canaliculate, Ascopkyllum nodosum, Himanthalia lorea, Rhodymema pahnata, ascidians, shells and stones (Gar- barini, 1936; Gross & Knight-Jones, 1957). To investigate the settling behaviour of S. coralUnae and S. tridentatus, adults of the various species were collected from the shore at Mumbles Head and Bracelet Bay, Swansea, during the summer and generally during periods of neap tides, when larvae are most common (de Silva, 1962). Many of the adults were incubating embryos, some of which would hatch readily if the adult tubes were broken in the laboratory. Larvae obtained in this way seem to be just as discriminating during their search for a substratum as are those which hatch without artificial aid (de Silva, 1958). CHOICE BETWEEN PAIRS OF SUBSTRATA The method followed was similar to that used by Knight-Jones (1951). Crystal- lizing dishes, wiped clean and containing about 100 ml. of sea water were placed in narrow boxes painted white inside. These boxes were kept near a window with their long axes directed towards it so that the two sides of each dish were equally illu- minated. The experimental substrata were placed on opposite sides of each dish, the positions being reversed in alternate dishes, to compensate for any small undetected differences in illumination. Varying numbers of freshly liberated larvae were added to these dishes. The first two series of experiments involved larvae of S. borealis. In the first series these were offered a choice between F. serratus and Corallina officinalis (Table 1). In the second (Table 2) the choice was between F. serratus and a small stone which had been kept in sea water for a few days to allow it to develop the film of micro -organisms without which stones are very unfavourable for the settling of this species. Of the • Present address: Colombo National Museum, Ceylon. 31-2 484 P. H. D. H. DE SILVA three substrata offered to S. boreatis larvae in these experiments, F. serratus was the most favoured, filmed stones being somewhat less favourable and C. officinalis very unfavourable. The total number of larvae settling on C. officinalis was less than 2 % Table 1. Settlement of Spirorbis borealis in forty-three experiments involving choice between a piece of Fucus serratus and a piece of Corallina officinalis in the same dish No. of larvae settling on: (a) Fucus serratus 6, 22, 22, 27, 26, 37, 14, 22, 25, 22, 29, IS, 13, 17. 17. 23, 67, 68, 20, 66, 68, 14, 11, 23, 25, 10, 25, 26, 17, 38, 19! 32. 35. 19. ". 15. 13. 63, 10, 84, 52, 72, 56- Total 1297 (6) Corallina officinalis o, o, o, o, o, 1, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, 6, 3, 3, o, O, 2, I, O, O, O, O, O, O, O, O, O, O, o, 1, o, 1. Total 18 Table 2. Settlement of Spirorbis borealis in nine experiments involving a choice between a piece of Fucus serratus and a filmed stone in the same dish No. of larvae tettling on: (a) Fucus serratus 3, M, 57. 55, 65, 36, 77, 71, 69. Total 457 - (b) Filmed stone 127, 41, 26, 49, 3, 24, 9, 1, 15. Total 295 Table 3. Settlement of Spirorbis coraUinae in fourteen experiments involving choice between a piece of Fucus serratus and a piece of Corallina officinalis in the same dish No. of larvae settling on: (a) Fucus serratus o, o, 1, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, 1, o. Total 2 (6) Corallina officinalis 3. 5. 6, 4, 7, 7, 1, 13, 3, 7, 2, 2, 2, 1. Total 63 Table 4. Settlement of Spirorbis tridentatus in (I) fifteen experiments each giving five larvae a choice between Fucus serratus and a filmed stone, and (II) fifteen similar experi- ments involving choice between Corallina officinalis and stones (I) No. of larvae settling on: (a) Fucus serratus o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o. Total o (6) Filmed stone 4. 2, 5, 4. 4, 4. 5. 4. 2, 3, 3, 1, 4, 4, 3. Total 52 (II) No. of larvae settling on: (a) Corallina officinalis o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o, o. Total o (6) Filmed stone 5. 4, 4, 5. 5, 5. 3, a. 4, 2, 3, 3, 5, 3, 2. Total 55 Choice of substrata by Spirorbis larvae (Serpulidae) 485 of the total number settled. However, this alga was chosen most loyally by larvae of S. coraltinae (Table 3), whereas F. serratus was extremely unfavourable to this species, the number settling on this alga being less than 5 % of the total number settled. The comparatively poor settlement recorded in Table 3 was partly due to these experi- ments having been carried out under bright light. It was found subsequently that better results could be obtained by using dim light. The larvae continued to select Corallina, however, no matter how the illumination was varied. In similar experiments with S. tridentatus larvae (Table 4) all the larvae settled on filmed stones, showing that both F. serratus and C. officinatis are very unfavourable for the settling of this species. They will, however, settle to some extent upon these algae if no other substratum is available. Indeed, when offered a choice between F. serratus and an unnlmed stone, which had been freshly immersed in sea water, more settled on the Fucus than on the unfilmed stone. This avoidance of unnlmed surfaces may help to prevent them from settling on scoured or abraded surfaces where they would probably soon be damaged by further scouring. CHOICE BETWEEN SEVERAL SUBSTRATA In their natural habitats a variety of other substrata are available to the larvae. In order to simulate more closely these conditions further experiments were carried out with the help of a turn-table apparatus of the sort used by Crisp & Ryland (i960). In this all the experimental substrata are placed round the periphery of a single dish, which is rotated slowly. The substrata offered in each dish were of similar size and the rotation ensured that they were all similarly illuminated. The results (Table 5) indi- cated that F. serratus, TJha lactuca and filmed stones are most favourable for the settling of S. boreaUs whereas other algae, including F. vesiculosus and C. officinatis, are unfavourable. Table 5. Settlement of Spirorbis borealis in ten experiments involving choice between thirteen different substrata in the same dish. A hundred larvae were added to each dish Experiment number... 123456789 10 Totals Enteromorpha intatinalis 0028611110 20 Ulva lactuca I o 17 14 39 24 o o 213 100 Cladophora sericea 0000000000 o Fucus vesiculosui 0100051101 9 F. serratus o o o 3 13 18 17 14 28 20 113 Ascopkyllum nodosum 0100001000 2 Pdvetia canalictdata 47216720000 38 Corallina officmalis 0110000000 2 Laurencia pitmatifiaa 62940110000 41 Chondrus crispus 40714 12 0013 32 Furcellaria fastigiata 0401300000 8 Polyides rotundus 101 10 200010 15 Filmed stone 8 o 1 23 15 415 4 19 17 106 In natural conditions S. borealis is much more common on F. serratus than on U. lactuca. It therefore seemed desirable to carry out further experiments involving choice between these two algae. The results of these showed clearly that S. borealis larvae choose F. serratus in preference to Ulva lactuca (Table 6). Further experiments with S. coralUnae larvae (Table 7) showed that C. officinatis 31-3 486 P. H. D. H. DE SILVA on which this species typically occurs is the most favoured substratum, Chondrus crispus and filmed stones being much less favourable. On certain shores S. corallinae occurs on both C. crispus and Gigartina stellata but it has not been observed so far on rocks and stones. Table 6. Settlement of Spirorbis borealis in fifteen experiments involving choice between a piece of Fucus serratus and a piece of Ulva lactuca in the same dish. Ten larvae were added to each dish No. of larvae settling on: (a) Fucus serratus 4. 8, 8, 6, 3, 7, 9, 5, 2, 5, 6, 7, 4, 4, 4. Total 82 (6) Ulva lactuca o, o, o, o, o, o, o, 3, 4, 1, o, 1, o, o, o. Total 9 Table 7. Settlement of Spirorbis corallinae in ten experiments involving choice between thirteen different substrata in the same dish. About seventy-five larvae were added to each dish Experiment number... 133456789 10 Total Enteromorpha mtestinalis 0061120000 10 Ulva lactuca 0000050011 7 Cladophora sericea 0000000000 o Fucus vesiculosus 0000000000 o F. serratus 0000000000 o Ascophyllum nodosum 0000000000 o Peivetia canalicvlata 0101000010 3 Corallina officmalis 5 3 33 30 20 26 23 18 18 21 197 Laurencia pitmatifida 0000000001 1 Chondrus crispus 8 10 00000382 31 Furcellaria fastigiata 0000000000 o Polyides rotundus 0000000000 o Filmed stone 3123005405 23 Table 8.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biomineralization of Polychaete Annelids in the Fossil Record
    minerals Review Biomineralization of Polychaete Annelids in the Fossil Record Olev Vinn Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; [email protected]; Tel.: +372-5067728 Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 25 September 2020; Published: 29 September 2020 Abstract: Ten distinct microstructures occur in fossil serpulids and serpulid tubes can contain several layers with different microstructures. Diversity and complexity of serpulid skeletal structures has greatly increased throughout their evolution. In general, Cenozoic serpulid skeletal structures are better preserved than Mesozoic ones. The first complex serpulid microstructures comparable to those of complex structures of molluscs appeared in the Eocene. The evolution of serpulid tube microstructures can be explained by the importance of calcareous tubes for serpulids as protection against predators and environmental disturbances. Both fossil cirratulids and sabellids are single layered and have only spherulitic prismatic tube microstructures. Microstructures of sabellids and cirratulids have not evolved since the appearance of calcareous species in the Jurassic and Oligocene, respectively. The lack of evolution in sabellids and cirratulids may result from the unimportance of biomineralization for these groups as only few species of sabellids and cirratulids have ever built calcareous tubes. Keywords: biominerals; calcite; aragonite; skeletal structures; serpulids; sabellids; cirratulids; evolution 1. Introduction Among polychaete annelids, calcareous tubes are known in serpulids, cirratulids and sabellids [1–3]. The earliest serpulids and sabellids are known from the Permian [4], and cirratulids from the Oligocene [5]. Only serpulids dwell exclusively within calcareous tubes. Polychaete annelids build their tubes from calcite, aragonite or a mixture of both polymorphs. Calcareous polychaete tubes possess a variety of ultrastructural fabrics, from simple to complex, some being unique to annelids [1].
    [Show full text]
  • On the Fauna of Corallina Officinalis L
    T~' Lt CL i:cJ:> i \lvVl Le (/Vl k'>~tj ; U B. 1> ! "I't,:<A.t.>U-'> k' If'/, t S'(,-.'-c k' "L K~. /3<- r-~-0-l,\ 2 Cf/.y - I:.:i( li--re. J)O"l/l,,- \.-1,\_ (;,..-:' H._ c>'(, HOVEDFAGSOPPGAVE I MARIN ZOOLOGI T.IL MAT.EMAT lSK-NATJJRVIT.ENSKAP EL la. EMBETSEKSAMEN ON THE FAUNA OF CORALLINA OFFlCINALIS L.' by Are Dommasnes CONTENTS Page; ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTIOt-l 1 THE LOCALITIES 2 THE GROWTH TYPES OF CORALLINA OFFICINALIS 5 TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY 6 COLLECTION AND EXAMINATION OF THE SAMPLES 7 THE FAUNA 9 Foraminifera 9 Cnidaria 10 Turbellaria 10 Nemertini 10 Nematoda 10 Polychaeta 11 Harpacticoida 13 Ostracoda 13 Isopoda 14 Tanaidacea 16 Amphipoda 16 Decapoda 19 Insecta 20 Halacaridae 20 Pycnogonida 20 Gastropoda 20 Bivalvia 22 Bryozoa 24 Echinodermata 25 Ascidiacea 25 DISCUSSION 26 The size of the animals 26 Effects of the wave exposure 27 Food and feeding-biology 29 Predation from animals living outside the Corallina growth 33 SOME COMMENTS, A~D SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ON THE FAUNA OF CORALLIlIJA OFFICINALIS 34 SUMJ.VIARY 36 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 37 REFERENCES 38 ABSTRACT The fauna of Corallina officinalis has been studied at three localities south of Bergen, Norway. A list of species is given. A distinct distribution pattern is shown for some species, and this is discussed with reference to the wave exposure. The feeding-biology of the fauna is also discussed and some suggestions are given for future research on the fauna of Corallina officinalis. -I NTRODUCT I01~ When this rese~rch work started, my intention was to find (1) which animals lived in the Qorallina growths (2) how the fauna varied with wave exposure (3) how the fauna varied with depth and (4) the seasonal variations during the year.
    [Show full text]
  • The Marine Fauna of New Zealand : Spirorbinae (Polychaeta : Serpulidae)
    ISSN 0083-7903, 68 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 68 (Online) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand : Spirorbinae (Polychaeta : Serpulidae) by PETER J. VINE ANOGlf -1,. �" ii 'i ,;.1, J . --=--� • ��b, S�• 1 • New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 68 1977 The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Spirorbinae (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Frontispiece Spirorbinae on a piece of alga washed up on the New Zealand seashore. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Spirorbinae (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) by PETER J. VINE Department of Zoology, University College, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK and School of Biological Sciences, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Australia PERMANENT ADDRESS "Coe! na Mara", Faul, c/- Dr Casey, Clifden, County Galway, Ireland New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 68 1977 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Citation according to World list of Scientific Periodicals (4th edition: Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 68 ISSN 0083-7903 Received for publication at NZOI January 1973 Edited by T. K. Crosby, Science InformationDivision, DSIR and R.
    [Show full text]
  • Annelida, Serpulidae
    Graellsia, 72(2): e053 julio-diciembre 2016 ISSN-L: 0367-5041 http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2016.v72.120 SERPÚLIDOS (ANNELIDA, SERPULIDAE) COLECTADOS EN LA CAMPAÑA OCEANOGRÁFICA “FAUNA II” Y CATÁLOGO ACTUALIZADO DE ESPECIES ÍBERO-BALEARES DE LA FAMILIA SERPULIDAE Jesús Alcázar* & Guillermo San Martín Departamento de Biología (Zoología), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, calle Darwin, 2, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, España. *Dirección para la correspondencia: [email protected] RESUMEN Se presentan los resultados de la identificación del material de la familia Serpulidae (Polychaeta) recolectado en la campaña oceanográfica Fauna II, así como la revisión de citas de presencia íbero-balear desde el catálogo de poliquetos más reciente (Ariño, 1987). Se identificaron 16 especies pertenecientes a 10 géneros, además de la primera cita íbero-balear de una quimera bioperculada (Ten Hove & Ben-Eliahu, 2005) de la especie Hydroides norvegicus Gunnerus, 1768. En cuanto a la revisión del catálogo se mencionan 65 especies, actuali- zando el nombre de 20 de ellas y añadiendo cinco especies ausentes en el catálogo de Ariño (1987): Hydroides stoichadon Zibrowius, 1971, Laeospira corallinae (de Silva & Knight-Jones, 1962), Serpula cavernicola Fassari & Mòllica, 1991, Spirobranchus lima (Grube, 1862) y Spirorbis inornatus L’Hardy & Quièvreux, 1962. Se cita por primera vez Vermiliopsis monodiscus Zibrowius, 1968 en el Atlántico ibérico y a partir de la bibliografía consultada, se muestra la expansión en la distribución íbero-balear
    [Show full text]
  • Polychaete Worms Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera
    THE POLYCHAETE WORMS DEFINITIONS AND KEYS TO THE ORDERS, FAMILIES AND GENERA THE POLYCHAETE WORMS Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera By Kristian Fauchald NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY In Conjunction With THE ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Science Series 28 February 3, 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix INTRODUCTION 1 CHARACTERS USED TO DEFINE HIGHER TAXA 2 CLASSIFICATION OF POLYCHAETES 7 ORDERS OF POLYCHAETES 9 KEY TO FAMILIES 9 ORDER ORBINIIDA 14 ORDER CTENODRILIDA 19 ORDER PSAMMODRILIDA 20 ORDER COSSURIDA 21 ORDER SPIONIDA 21 ORDER CAPITELLIDA 31 ORDER OPHELIIDA 41 ORDER PHYLLODOCIDA 45 ORDER AMPHINOMIDA 100 ORDER SPINTHERIDA 103 ORDER EUNICIDA 104 ORDER STERNASPIDA 114 ORDER OWENIIDA 114 ORDER FLABELLIGERIDA 115 ORDER FAUVELIOPSIDA 117 ORDER TEREBELLIDA 118 ORDER SABELLIDA 135 FIVE "ARCHIANNELIDAN" FAMILIES 152 GLOSSARY 156 LITERATURE CITED 161 INDEX 180 Preface THE STUDY of polychaetes used to be a leisurely I apologize to my fellow polychaete workers for occupation, practised calmly and slowly, and introducing a complex superstructure in a group which the presence of these worms hardly ever pene- so far has been remarkably innocent of such frills. A trated the consciousness of any but the small group great number of very sound partial schemes have been of invertebrate zoologists and phylogenetlcists inter- suggested from time to time. These have been only ested in annulated creatures. This is hardly the case partially considered. The discussion is complex enough any longer. without the inclusion of speculations as to how each Studies of marine benthos have demonstrated that author would have completed his or her scheme, pro- these animals may be wholly dominant both in num- vided that he or she had had the evidence and inclina- bers of species and in numbers of specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Altered Physical and Biotic Conditions in Rocky Intertidal Systems: Implications for the Structure and Functioning of Complex Macroalgal Assemblages
    Impacts of altered physical and biotic conditions in rocky intertidal systems: implications for the structure and functioning of complex macroalgal assemblages A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand Tommaso Alestra 2014 Abstract Complex biogenic habitats created by large canopy-forming macroalgae on intertidal and shallow subtidal rocky reefs worldwide are increasingly affected by degraded environmental conditions at local scales and global climate-driven changes. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the impacts of complex suites of anthropogenic stressors on algal forests is essential for the conservation and restoration of these habitats and of their ecological, economic and social values. This thesis tests physical and biological mechanisms underlying the impacts of different forms of natural and human-related disturbance on macroalgal assemblages dominated by fucoid canopies along the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. A field removal experiment was initially set up to test assemblage responses to mechanical perturbations of increasing severity, simulating the impacts of disturbance agents affecting intertidal habitats such as storms and human trampling. Different combinations of assemblage components (i.e., canopy, mid-canopy and basal layer) were selectively removed, from the thinning of the canopy to the destruction of the entire assemblage. The recovery of the canopy-forming fucoids Hormosira banksii and Cystophora torulosa was affected by the intensity of the disturbance. For both species, even a 50% thinning had impacts lasting at least eighteen months, and recovery trajectories were longer following more intense perturbations. Independently of assemblage diversity and composition at different sites and shore heights, the recovery of the canopy relied entirely on the increase in abundance of these dominant fucoids in response to disturbance, indicating that functional redundancy is limited in this system.
    [Show full text]
  • (Annelida: Polychaeta: Serpulidae). II
    Invertebrate Zoology, 2015, 12(1): 61–92 © INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, 2015 Tube morphology, ultrastructures and mineralogy in recent Spirorbinae (Annelida: Polychaeta: Serpulidae). II. Tribe Spirorbini A.P. Ippolitov1, A.V. Rzhavsky2 1 Geological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (GIN RAS), 7 Pyzhevskiy per., Moscow, Russia, 119017, e-mail: [email protected] 2 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences (IPEE RAS), 33 Leninskiy prosp., Moscow, Russia, 119071, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: This is the second paper of the series started with Ippolitov and Rzhavsky (2014) providing detailed descriptions of recent spirorbin tubes, their mineralogy and ultrastructures. Here we describe species of the tribe Spirorbini Chamberlin, 1919 that includes a single genus Spirorbis Daudin, 1800. Tube ultrastructures found in the tribe are represented by two types — irregularly oriented prismatic (IOP) structure forming the thick main layer of the tube and in some species spherulitic prismatic (SPHP) structure forming an outer layer and, sometimes, inner. Mineralogically tubes are either calcitic or predom- inantly aragonitic. Correlations of morphological, ultrastructural, and mineralogical char- acters are discussed. All studied members of Spirorbini can be organized into three groups that are defined by both tube characters and biogeographical patterns and thus, likely correspond to three phylogenetic clades within Spirorbini. How to cite this article: Ippolitov A.P., Rzhavsky A.V. 2015. Tube morphology, ultrastruc- tures and mineralogy in recent Spirorbinae (Annelida: Polychaeta: Serpulidae). II. Tribe Spirorbini // Invert. Zool. Vol.12. No.1. P.61–92. KEY WORDS: Tube ultrastructures, tube morphology, tube mineralogy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Spirorbinae, Spirorbini.
    [Show full text]
  • Serpulid Tubeworms Around Dale, Pembrokeshire
    SERPULID TUBEWORMS (POLYCHAETA SERPULIDAE) AROUND DALE, PEMBROKESHIRE By A. NELSON-SMITH and J. M. GEE Department of Zoology, University College of Swansea Reprinted fromField Studies Vol. 2, No. 3 (1966) with the same pagination 22857 Vlaams Instituut voor de Zea Flandern Marina instituts SERPULID TUBEWORMS (POLYCHAETA SERPULIDAE) AROUND DALE, PEMBROKESHIRE By A. NELSON-SMITH and J. M. GEE* Department o f ^oology, University College o f Swansea C o n t e n t s I . I ntroduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 331 I I . S t r u c t u r e a n d b io l o g y o f s e r p u l id s .. .. .. .. 333 I I I . D istribution o f s e r p u l id s a r o u n d D a l e .. .. .. 336 I V . D escriptions o f s p e c ie s r e c o r d e d f r o m a r o u n d D a l e . 3 3 9 Serpula vermicularis Hydroides norvegica Pomatoceros triqueter Filograna implexa Filograna (Salmacina) dysteri Apomatus similis Protula tubularia Mercierella enigmatica Spirorbis spirillum S. pagenstecheri S. malardi S. borealis S. rupestris S. tridentatus S. corallinae S. inornatus S. mediterraneus S. granulatus V . F u r t h e r s p e c ie s w h i c h m a y oc c u r in S o u t h -w e s t B r i t a i n . 3 5 0 Placostegus tridentatus Ditrupa arietina Spirorbis vitreus S.
    [Show full text]
  • Seafloor Geomorphology As Benthic Habitat
    c0019 19 Geomorphic Features and Benthic Habitats of a Sub-Arctic Fjord: Gilbert Bay, Southern Labrador, Canada Alison Copeland1, Evan Edinger1,2, Trevor Bell1, Philippe LeBlanc1, Joseph Wroblewski3, Rodolphe Devillers1 1Geography Department, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, 2Biology Department, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, 3Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada Abstract Gilbert Bay is a shallow-water, low-gradient, sub-Arctic fjord in southeastern Labrador, Atlantic Canada. The bay is composed of a series of basins separated by sills that shal- low toward the head. A major side bay with shallow but complex bathymetry includes important spawning and juvenile fish habitat for a genetically distinct local population of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Six acoustically distinguishable substrate types were identified in the fjord, with two additional substrate types recognized from field obser- vations, including areas outside multibeam sonar coverage. Ordination and Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) of biotic data generalized five habitat types: hard-substrate habitats developed on cobble-boulder gravel and bedrock bottoms; coralline-algae- encrusted hard-substrate habitats; soft-bottom habitats developed on mud or gravelly mud bottoms; current-swept gravel with a unique biotic assemblage; and nearshore ice- scoured gravels in waters shallower than 5 m depth. Greatest within-habitat biodiversity was found in the coralline-algae-encrusted gravel habitat. Key Words: fjord, fiord, sill, basin, coralline algae, epifauna, infauna, sub-Arctic, Labrador, Marine Protected Area s0010 Introduction p0030 Fjords are geomorphic and biological systems of great interest to geomorphol- ogy, oceanography, and marine biology.
    [Show full text]
  • Snps Reveal Geographical Population Structure of Corallina Officinalis (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta)
    SNPs reveal geographical population structure of Corallina officinalis (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) Chris Yesson1, Amy Jackson2, Steve Russell2, Christopher J. Williamson2,3 and Juliet Brodie2 1 Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK 2 Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, UK 3 Schools of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK CONTACT: Chris Yesson. Email: [email protected] 1 Abstract We present the first population genetics study of the calcifying coralline alga and ecosystem engineer Corallina officinalis. Eleven novel SNP markers were developed and tested using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping to assess the population structure based on five sites around the NE Atlantic (Iceland, three UK sites and Spain), spanning a wide latitudinal range of the species’ distribution. We examined population genetic patterns over the region using discriminate analysis of principal components (DAPC). All populations showed significant genetic differentiation, with a marginally insignificant pattern of isolation by distance (IBD) identified. The Icelandic population was most isolated, but still had genotypes in common with the population in Spain. The SNP markers presented here provide useful tools to assess the population connectivity of C. officinalis. This study is amongst the first to use SNPs on macroalgae and represents a significant step towards understanding the population structure of a widespread, habitat forming coralline alga in the NE Atlantic. KEYWORDS Marine red alga; Population genetics; Calcifying macroalga; Corallinales; SNPs; Corallina 2 Introduction Corallina officinalis is a calcified geniculate (i.e. articulated) coralline alga that is wide- spread on rocky shores in the North Atlantic (Guiry & Guiry, 2017; Brodie et al., 2013; Williamson et al., 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Marlin Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles
    MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Bifurcaria bifurcata in shallow eulittoral rockpools MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Marine Evidence–based Sensitivity Assessment (MarESA) Review Dr Heidi Tillin & Georgina Budd 2016-03-30 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitats/detail/98]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: Tillin, H.M. & Budd, G., 2016. [Bifurcaria bifurcata] in shallow eulittoral rockpools. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on- line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinhab.98.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2016-03-30 Bifurcaria bifurcata
    [Show full text]
  • Oxygen Microenvironment of Coralline Algal Tufts and Their Associated Epiphytic Animals
    OXYGEN MICROENVIRONMENT OF CORALLINE ALGAL TUFTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED EPIPHYTIC ANIMALS Sandra Irwin and John Davenport ABSTRACT Separate subhabitats are distinguishable in tufts of Corallina offi cinalis, including the surface of the algae itself and the interspace (areas of water) within the algal tufts. The oxygen microenviron- ment of each of these was investigated in laboratory investigations using oxygen microelectrodes to test the hypothesis that oxygen gradients form adjacent to the seaweed surface and that the oxygen concentration of the seawater between the branches of individual plants differs from that of the surrounding water body due the tuft forming nature of this seaweed. Regions of hyperoxia (up to 250% of saturation) were detected at the surface of Corallina branches in static conditions, with steep declining gradients of oxygen concentration through the diffusive boundary layer in the vertical plane to 100% of saturation a distance almost 2mm from the surface. Oxygen con- centration at the surface did not vary with position along individual branches, or with position on any one branch segment. Concentrations were signifi cantly higher on main branches than on peripheral branches of individual plants. Water fl ow was the dominant factor controlling the depth and oxygen supply of diffusive boundary layers and in moving water oxygen levels did not achieve such high saturation levels and the boundary layer was thinner. On a larger scale, oxygen concentrations in the interspace of C. offi cinalis tufts were highly variable and commonly in excess of air saturation. The oxygen environment was both temporally and spatially dynamic, and very rapid changes in oxygen concentration were observed in response to changing fl ow conditions.
    [Show full text]