Convex Geometry: MATH 114 the Following List Collects All the Problems on Which You Will Be Examined for the Second Midterm
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1 Lifts of Polytopes
Lecture 5: Lifts of polytopes and non-negative rank CSE 599S: Entropy optimality, Winter 2016 Instructor: James R. Lee Last updated: January 24, 2016 1 Lifts of polytopes 1.1 Polytopes and inequalities Recall that the convex hull of a subset X n is defined by ⊆ conv X λx + 1 λ x0 : x; x0 X; λ 0; 1 : ( ) f ( − ) 2 2 [ ]g A d-dimensional convex polytope P d is the convex hull of a finite set of points in d: ⊆ P conv x1;:::; xk (f g) d for some x1;:::; xk . 2 Every polytope has a dual representation: It is a closed and bounded set defined by a family of linear inequalities P x d : Ax 6 b f 2 g for some matrix A m d. 2 × Let us define a measure of complexity for P: Define γ P to be the smallest number m such that for some C s d ; y s ; A m d ; b m, we have ( ) 2 × 2 2 × 2 P x d : Cx y and Ax 6 b : f 2 g In other words, this is the minimum number of inequalities needed to describe P. If P is full- dimensional, then this is precisely the number of facets of P (a facet is a maximal proper face of P). Thinking of γ P as a measure of complexity makes sense from the point of view of optimization: Interior point( methods) can efficiently optimize linear functions over P (to arbitrary accuracy) in time that is polynomial in γ P . ( ) 1.2 Lifts of polytopes Many simple polytopes require a large number of inequalities to describe. -
Combinatorial and Discrete Problems in Convex Geometry
COMBINATORIAL AND DISCRETE PROBLEMS IN CONVEX GEOMETRY A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Matthew R. Alexander September, 2017 Dissertation written by Matthew R. Alexander B.S., Youngstown State University, 2011 M.A., Kent State University, 2013 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2017 Approved by Dr. Artem Zvavitch , Co-Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Matthieu Fradelizi , Co-Chair Dr. Dmitry Ryabogin , Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Fedor Nazarov Dr. Feodor F. Dragan Dr. Jonathan Maletic Accepted by Dr. Andrew Tonge , Chair, Department of Mathematical Sciences Dr. James L. Blank , Dean, College of Arts and Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES . vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................ vii NOTATION ................................................. viii I Introduction 1 1 This Thesis . .2 2 Preliminaries . .4 2.1 Convex Geometry . .4 2.2 Basic functions and their properties . .5 2.3 Classical theorems . .6 2.4 Polarity . .8 2.5 Volume Product . .8 II The Discrete Slicing Problem 11 3 The Geometry of Numbers . 12 3.1 Introduction . 12 3.2 Lattices . 12 3.3 Minkowski's Theorems . 14 3.4 The Ehrhart Polynomial . 15 4 Geometric Tomography . 17 4.1 Introduction . 17 iii 4.2 Projections of sets . 18 4.3 Sections of sets . 19 4.4 The Isomorphic Busemann-Petty Problem . 20 5 The Discrete Slicing Problem . 22 5.1 Introduction . 22 5.2 Solution in Z2 ............................................. 23 5.3 Approach via Discrete F. John Theorem . 23 5.4 Solution using known inequalities . 26 5.5 Solution for Unconditional Bodies . 27 5.6 Discrete Brunn's Theorem . -
Understanding the Formation of Pbse Honeycomb Superstructures by Dynamics Simulations
PHYSICAL REVIEW X 9, 021015 (2019) Understanding the Formation of PbSe Honeycomb Superstructures by Dynamics Simulations Giuseppe Soligno* and Daniel Vanmaekelbergh Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, Netherlands (Received 28 October 2018; revised manuscript received 28 January 2019; published 23 April 2019) Using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model, we simulate the self-assembly of PbSe nanocrystals (NCs) adsorbed at a flat fluid-fluid interface. The model includes all key forces involved: NC-NC short- range facet-specific attractive and repulsive interactions, entropic effects, and forces due to the NC adsorption at fluid-fluid interfaces. Realistic values are used for the input parameters regulating the various forces. The interface-adsorption parameters are estimated using a recently introduced sharp- interface numerical method which includes capillary deformation effects. We find that the final structure in which the NCs self-assemble is drastically affected by the input values of the parameters of our coarse- grained model. In particular, by slightly tuning just a few parameters of the model, we can induce NC self- assembly into either silicene-honeycomb superstructures, where all NCs have a f111g facet parallel to the fluid-fluid interface plane, or square superstructures, where all NCs have a f100g facet parallel to the interface plane. Both of these nanostructures have been observed experimentally. However, it is still not clear their formation mechanism, and, in particular, which are the factors directing the NC self-assembly into one or another structure. In this work, we identify and quantify such factors, showing illustrative assembled-phase diagrams obtained from our simulations. -
Research Statement
RESEARCH STATEMENT SERGII MYROSHNYCHENKO Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Nakajima-S¨ussconjecture and its functional generalization 2 3. Visual recognition of convex bodies 4 4. Intrinsic volumes of ellipsoids and the moment problem 6 5. Questions of geometric inequalities 7 6. Analytic permutation testing 9 7. Current work and future plans 10 References 12 1. Introduction My research interests lie mainly in Convex and Discrete Geometry with applications of Probability Theory and Harmonic Analysis to these areas. Convex geometry is a branch of mathematics that works with compact convex sets of non-empty interior in Euclidean spaces called convex bodies. The simple notion of convexity provides a very rich structure for the bodies that can lead to surprisingly simple and elegant results (for instance, [Ba]). A lot of progress in this area has been made by many leading mathematicians, and the outgoing work keeps providing fruitful and extremely interesting new results, problems, and applications. Moreover, convex geometry often deals with tasks that are closely related to data analysis, theory of optimizations, and computer science (some of which are mentioned below, also see [V]). In particular, I have been interested in the questions of Geometric Tomography ([Ga]), which is the area of mathematics dealing with different ways of retrieval of information about geometric objects from data about their different types of projections, sections, or both. Many long-standing problems related to this topic are quite intuitive and easy to formulate, however, the answers in many cases remain unknown. Also, this field of study is of particular interest, since it has many curious applications that include X-ray procedures, computer vision, scanning tasks, 3D printing, Cryo-EM imaging processes etc. -
The Minkowski Problem for Simplices
The Minkowski Problem for Simplices Daniel A. Klain Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell, MA 01854 USA Daniel [email protected] Abstract The Minkowski existence Theorem for polytopes follows from Cramer’s Rule when attention is limited to the special case of simplices. It is easy to see that a convex polygon in R2 is uniquely determined (up to translation) by the directions and lengths of its edges. This suggests the following (less easily answered) question in higher dimensions: given a collection of proposed facet normals and facet areas, is there a convex polytope in Rn whose facets fit the given data, and, if so, is the resulting polytope unique? This question (along with its answer) is known as the Minkowski problem. For a polytope P in Rn denote by V (P ) the volume of P . If Q is a polytope in Rn having dimension strictly less than n, then denote v(Q) the (n ¡ 1)-dimensional volume of Q. For any u non-zero vector u, let P denote the face of P having u as an outward normal, and let Pu denote the orthogonal projection of P onto the hyperplane u?. The Minkowski problem for polytopes concerns the following specific question: Given a collection u1; : : : ; uk of unit vectors and ®1; : : : ; ®k > 0, under what condition does there exist a polytope P ui having the ui as its facet normals and the ®i as its facet areas; that is, such that v(P ) = ®i for each i? A necessary condition on the facet normals and facet areas is given by the following proposition [BF48, Sch93]. -
15 BASIC PROPERTIES of CONVEX POLYTOPES Martin Henk, J¨Urgenrichter-Gebert, and G¨Unterm
15 BASIC PROPERTIES OF CONVEX POLYTOPES Martin Henk, J¨urgenRichter-Gebert, and G¨unterM. Ziegler INTRODUCTION Convex polytopes are fundamental geometric objects that have been investigated since antiquity. The beauty of their theory is nowadays complemented by their im- portance for many other mathematical subjects, ranging from integration theory, algebraic topology, and algebraic geometry to linear and combinatorial optimiza- tion. In this chapter we try to give a short introduction, provide a sketch of \what polytopes look like" and \how they behave," with many explicit examples, and briefly state some main results (where further details are given in subsequent chap- ters of this Handbook). We concentrate on two main topics: • Combinatorial properties: faces (vertices, edges, . , facets) of polytopes and their relations, with special treatments of the classes of low-dimensional poly- topes and of polytopes \with few vertices;" • Geometric properties: volume and surface area, mixed volumes, and quer- massintegrals, including explicit formulas for the cases of the regular simplices, cubes, and cross-polytopes. We refer to Gr¨unbaum [Gr¨u67]for a comprehensive view of polytope theory, and to Ziegler [Zie95] respectively to Gruber [Gru07] and Schneider [Sch14] for detailed treatments of the combinatorial and of the convex geometric aspects of polytope theory. 15.1 COMBINATORIAL STRUCTURE GLOSSARY d V-polytope: The convex hull of a finite set X = fx1; : : : ; xng of points in R , n n X i X P = conv(X) := λix λ1; : : : ; λn ≥ 0; λi = 1 : i=1 i=1 H-polytope: The solution set of a finite system of linear inequalities, d T P = P (A; b) := x 2 R j ai x ≤ bi for 1 ≤ i ≤ m ; with the extra condition that the set of solutions is bounded, that is, such that m×d there is a constant N such that jjxjj ≤ N holds for all x 2 P . -
Frequently Asked Questions in Polyhedral Computation
Frequently Asked Questions in Polyhedral Computation http://www.ifor.math.ethz.ch/~fukuda/polyfaq/polyfaq.html Komei Fukuda Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne and Zurich, Switzerland [email protected] Version June 18, 2004 Contents 1 What is Polyhedral Computation FAQ? 2 2 Convex Polyhedron 3 2.1 What is convex polytope/polyhedron? . 3 2.2 What are the faces of a convex polytope/polyhedron? . 3 2.3 What is the face lattice of a convex polytope . 4 2.4 What is a dual of a convex polytope? . 4 2.5 What is simplex? . 4 2.6 What is cube/hypercube/cross polytope? . 5 2.7 What is simple/simplicial polytope? . 5 2.8 What is 0-1 polytope? . 5 2.9 What is the best upper bound of the numbers of k-dimensional faces of a d- polytope with n vertices? . 5 2.10 What is convex hull? What is the convex hull problem? . 6 2.11 What is the Minkowski-Weyl theorem for convex polyhedra? . 6 2.12 What is the vertex enumeration problem, and what is the facet enumeration problem? . 7 1 2.13 How can one enumerate all faces of a convex polyhedron? . 7 2.14 What computer models are appropriate for the polyhedral computation? . 8 2.15 How do we measure the complexity of a convex hull algorithm? . 8 2.16 How many facets does the average polytope with n vertices in Rd have? . 9 2.17 How many facets can a 0-1 polytope with n vertices in Rd have? . 10 2.18 How hard is it to verify that an H-polyhedron PH and a V-polyhedron PV are equal? . -
A Note on Solid Coloring of Pure Simplicial Complexes Joseph O'rourke Smith College, [email protected]
Masthead Logo Smith ScholarWorks Computer Science: Faculty Publications Computer Science 12-17-2010 A Note on Solid Coloring of Pure Simplicial Complexes Joseph O'Rourke Smith College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/csc_facpubs Part of the Computer Sciences Commons, and the Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics Commons Recommended Citation O'Rourke, Joseph, "A Note on Solid Coloring of Pure Simplicial Complexes" (2010). Computer Science: Faculty Publications, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/csc_facpubs/37 This Article has been accepted for inclusion in Computer Science: Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected] A Note on Solid Coloring of Pure Simplicial Complexes Joseph O'Rourke∗ December 21, 2010 Abstract We establish a simple generalization of a known result in the plane. d The simplices in any pure simplicial complex in R may be colored with d+1 colors so that no two simplices that share a (d−1)-facet have the same 2 color. In R this says that any planar map all of whose faces are triangles 3 may be 3-colored, and in R it says that tetrahedra in a collection may be \solid 4-colored" so that no two glued face-to-face receive the same color. 1 Introduction The famous 4-color theorem says that the regions of any planar map may be colored with four colors such that no two regions that share a positive-length border receive the same color. A lesser-known special case is that if all the regions are triangles, three colors suffice. -
Linear Programming and Polyhedral Combinatorics Summary of What Was Seen in the Introductory Lectures on Linear Programming and Polyhedral Combinatorics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Handout 8 18.433: Combinatorial Optimization March 6th, 2007 Michel X. Goemans Linear Programming and Polyhedral Combinatorics Summary of what was seen in the introductory lectures on linear programming and polyhedral combinatorics. Definition 1 A halfspace in Rn is a set of the form fx 2 Rn : aT x ≤ bg for some vector a 2 Rn and b 2 R. Definition 2 A polyhedron is the intersection of finitely many halfspaces: P = fx 2 Rn : Ax ≤ bg. Definition 3 A polytope is a bounded polyhedron. n Definition 4 If P is a polyhedron in R , the projection Pk of P is defined as fy = (x1; x2; · · · ; xk−1; xk+1; · · · ; xn) : x 2 P for some xkg. We claim that Pk is also a polyhedron and this can be proved by giving an explicit description of Pk in terms of linear inequalities. For this purpose, one uses Fourier-Motzkin elimination. Let P = fx : Ax ≤ bg and let • S+ = fi : aik > 0g, • S− = fi : aik < 0g, • S0 = fi : aik = 0g. T Clearly, any element in Pk must satisfy the inequality ai x ≤ bi for all i 2 S0 (these inequal- ities do not involve xk). Similarly, we can take a linear combination of an inequality in S+ and one in S− to eliminate the coefficient of xk. This shows that the inequalities: aik aljxj − alk akjxj ≤ aikbl − alkbi (1) j ! j ! X X for i 2 S+ and l 2 S− are satisfied by all elements of Pk. Conversely, for any vector (x1; x2; · · · ; xk−1; xk+1; · · · ; xn) satisfying (1) for all i 2 S+ and l 2 S− and also T ai x ≤ bi for all i 2 S0 (2) we can find a value of xk such that the resulting x belongs to P (by looking at the bounds on xk that each constraint imposes, and showing that the largest lower bound is smaller than the smallest upper bound). -
Model Reduction in Geometric Tolerancing by Polytopes Vincent Delos, Santiago Arroyave-Tobón, Denis Teissandier
Model reduction in geometric tolerancing by polytopes Vincent Delos, Santiago Arroyave-Tobón, Denis Teissandier To cite this version: Vincent Delos, Santiago Arroyave-Tobón, Denis Teissandier. Model reduction in geometric tolerancing by polytopes. Computer-Aided Design, Elsevier, 2018. hal-01741395 HAL Id: hal-01741395 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01741395 Submitted on 23 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Model reduction in geometric tolerancing by polytopes Vincent Delos, Santiago Arroyave-Tobon,´ Denis Teissandier Univ. Bordeaux, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France Abstract There are several models used in mechanical design to study the behavior of mechanical systems involving geometric variations. By simulating defects with sets of constraints it is possible to study simultaneously all the configurations of mechanisms, whether over-constrained or not. Using this method, the accumulation of defects is calculated by summing sets of constraints derived from features (toleranced surfaces and joints) in the tolerance chain. These sets are usually unbounded objects (R6-polyhedra, 3 parameters for the small rotation, 3 for the small translation), due to the unbounded displacements associated with the degrees of freedom of features. -
Convex Geometric Connections to Information Theory
CONVEX GEOMETRIC CONNECTIONS TO INFORMATION THEORY by Justin Jenkinson Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Mathematics CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May, 2013 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies We hereby approve the dissertation of Justin Jenkinson, candi- date for the the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: Stanislaw Szarek Co-Chair of the Committee Elisabeth Werner Co-Chair of the Committee Elizabeth Meckes Kenneth Kowalski Date: April 4, 2013 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. c Copyright by Justin Jenkinson 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures . .v Acknowledgments . vi Abstract . vii Introduction . .1 CHAPTER PAGE 1 Relative Entropy of Convex Bodies . .6 1.1 Notation . .7 1.2 Background . 10 1.2.1 Affine Invariants . 11 1.2.2 Associated Bodies . 13 1.2.3 Entropy . 15 1.3 Mean Width Bodies . 16 1.4 Relative Entropies of Cone Measures and Affine Surface Areas . 24 1.5 Proof of Theorem 1.4.1 . 30 2 Geometry of Quantum States . 37 2.1 Preliminaries from Convex Geometry . 39 2.2 Summary of Volumetric Estimates for Sets of States . 44 2.3 Geometric Measures of Entanglement . 51 2.4 Ranges of Various Entanglement Measures and the role of the Di- mension . 56 2.5 Levy's Lemma and its Applications to p-Schatten Norms . 60 2.6 Concentration for the Support Functions of PPT and S ...... 64 2.7 Geometric Banach-Mazur Distance between PPT and S ...... 66 2.8 Hausdorff Distance between PPT and S in p-Schatten Metrics . -
Convex and Combinatorial Geometry Fest
Convex and Combinatorial Geometry Fest Abhinav Kumar (MIT), Daniel Pellicer (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico), Konrad Swanepoel (London School of Economics and Political Science), Asia Ivi´cWeiss (York University) February 13–February 15 2015 Karoly Bezdek and Egon Schulte are two geometers who have made important and numerous contribu- tions to Discrete Geometry. Both have trained many young mathematicians and have actively encouraged the development of the area by professors of various countries. Karoly Bezdek studied the illumination problem among many other problems about packing and covering of convex bodies. More recently he has also contributed to the theory of packing of equal balls in three-space and to the study of billiards, both of which are important for physicists. He has contributed two monographs [1, 2] in Discrete Geometry. Egon Schulte, together with Ludwig Danzer, initiated the study on abstract polytopes as a way to enclose in the same theory objects with combinatorial properties resembling those of convex polytopes. An important cornerstone on this topic is his monograph with Peter McMullen [11]. In the latest years he explored the link between abstract polytopes and crystallography. In this Workshop, which is a continuation of the preceding five-day one, we explored the ways in which the areas of abstract polytopes and discrete convex geometry has been influenced by the work of the two researchers. The last three decades have witnessed the revival of interest in these subjects and great progress has been made on many fundamental problems. 1 Abstract polytopes 1.1 Highly symmetric combinatorial structures in 3-space Asia Ivic´ Weiss kicked off the workshop, discussing joint work with Daniel Pellicer [15] on the combinatorial structure of Schulte’s chiral polyhedra.