60 cents | MICA (P) 142/09/2010 28 January 2011 Thank You, From The President, With Love Thank You, ‘Winning Against The Odds Is Not Only Thank You, A Story For The Labour Movement, It Is A p2 Story For Singapore’ By Naseema Banu Maideen I also hope that book of truth, through this book, trials and Singaporeans will get a tribulations. glimpse“ of our labour “Winning Against situation of the past and The Odds - The Labour recognise the collective ResearchA Unit In NTUC’s efforts of our pioneer union Founding” is a reflection of leaders in helping Singapore some paths in the journey of achieve the good labour the Labour Movement as told relations we enjoy today. by President S R Nathan. He Like issues pertaining to gifted this book to the Labour race and religion, we should Movement in celebration of its never take for granted the 50th birthday and has dedicated this book to the late C V Devan peace and harmony of Nair, the man behind the existence good labour relations, as of the NTUC today. any mismanagement of this “…as a witness of his uncanny relationship could ignite ability to lead and motivate the sparks and discredit all loyalty of the bunch of comrades our efforts in preserving who followed him, I can do no less. our harmonious labour- He had to overcome the heavy odds management relations.” stacked against him, as he strove to establish the NTUC. If only for that reason, he merits this accolade as the He added: “I enjoyed living founder of NTUC,” he said. those years, with their challenges Speaking at the launch of the book and frustrations. I would not at the NTUC Centre on 25 January 2011, wish to say anything differently, President Nathan cited several reasons even if there are differences of that led to the documentation of his views by others, interpreting meaningful recollections. the happenings of those times He shared: “One reason is because differently.” it is about some interesting times in our past which I lived through. It is In his book, President Nathan also recognised the also about the Labour Research Unit, an unusual agency, and the role it contributions of many stalwarts of NTUC who served its cause. played in the founding of today’s NTUC. It was composed primarily He cited leaders like Hsu Tse Kwang, Mahmud Awang, Ho of Civil Servants and some Trade Union leaders, who were thrown to See Beng, Seah Mui Kok, Aziz Karim, Bernard Rodrigues, T undertake, without much experience, a much needed task in what V Gomez, Joseph Tan, Lawrence Sia, Eric Cheong, Tan Soon traditionally would have fallen on trade union activists and others with a Yam, Gopalakrishnan, Hashim Idris, Peter Lim, Francis Rozario, political calling”. Michael Chua, Choo Eng Khoon, Lim Keng Hoe, Chin Harn Tong In honest thoughts, he said that he offers no apologies for readers’ and others not named. possible perceptions of a “highly selective account of those times” and In essence, President Nathan said this book carries stories of “disjointed or even incomplete” parts in the book as he emphasised those “interesting and dangerous times which today’s generation that these stories have been told as they remain in his memory. must have some insights into.”
$1 Million For S R Nathan U Development Award n the same day on 25 January 2011, NTUC Secretary- outstanding staff in NTUC-ARU. General Lim Swee Say announced a new training award So far, over $1 million has been raised for the award from corporate - the S R Nathan U Development Award - for the staff of and individual donors. The award is set up to develop and strengthen NTUC’s Administration and Research Unit (ARU). Proceeds NTUC-ARU’s capabilities and will be given out to employees who from the sale of the book, “Winning Against The Odds - The have a strong commitment to the Labour Movement. Under the Labour Research Unit In NTUC’s Founding” by President S R Nathan award, recipients will attend courses that are relevant to the Labour willO go towards setting up this training award to recognise and develop Movement’s work such as tripartism and union leadership. 2
(From left) NTUC Immediate Past Secretary-General Lim Boon Heng, NTUC President John De Payva, President S R Nathan and NTUC Secretary-General Lim Swee Say applauding the launch. By Marcus Lin t the official launch on 25 January held in 1969. He prepared a paper and 2011, NTUC Secretary-General Lim chaired a session at the seminar which led Swee Say thanked President S R to the introduction of the “check off” system “Thirdly, this book is a timely reminder of the Nathan “not once, not twice, but which was instrumental for strengthening purpose behind the formation of the LRU and three times” for his book `Winning the financial strength of the unions and the today the ARU. The purpose of the LRU was to Against The Odds - The Labour Research NTUC. meet the pressing needs of the unions for advice AUnit In NTUC’s Founding’ gifted to the Labour “On behalf of the LM, our first thank and help in drafting Collective Agreements and Movement (LM) on its 50th anniversary. you to President Nathan for his pioneering in negotiating with employers. And together Singapore’s strong LM and united tripartism role in the formation of the LRU and his with elected leaders, the LRU and the LM have are not the natural order of things and was contribution towards the subsequent growth made progress and today we are a progressive achieved against tremendous odds. Some of and development of the NTUC and the LM. and responsible force in forging industrial peace the answers for the amazing transformation the Thank you, President Nathan.” and furthering the interests of the workers and past 50 years are in this book, said SG Lim, and members. it “will serve as a vital reference material for the “With a handful of staff in 1962, we grew LM from now on.” to 14 Industrial Relations Officers (IROs) by 1964. Today, we have 106 IROs in the ARU “Secondly, launching this book at a time and a total of 515 staff in the entire unit. For the when we celebrate the 50th anniversary of LM to stay strong and effective, we must keep the NTUC carries extra meanings. As we strengthening the ARU. We must keep growing “Firstly, `Winning Against The Odds’ is a first- create our future, it is important for us to and keep investing in the training, upgrading and hand account by President Nathan of the origin know where we are today and where we development of our ARU staff. of the Labour Research Unit (LRU) known today are heading for. But it is equally, if not more “With the $1 million raised today with the as the Administration and Research Unit (ARU). important, for us to know where we came launch of this book, we are now able to launch President’s association with the LM goes back from and how we got here. a new development award for the ARU. It will to December 1961. At the request of the then “This book reminds us of the struggle the be known as the S R Nathan U Development Finance Minister Dr Goh Keng Swee, President LM had to go through in winning the hearts Award. This will enable us to recognise and Nathan was seconded from the Civil Service and the minds of the workers and the union develop outstanding ARU staff, those with the to the NTUC. Together with a small group leaders. On behalf of the LM, our second potential to enable them to have a chance to of seconded civil servants and unionists, he thank you to President Nathan for writing this learn from the best institutions all around the started LRU in 1962. book because it reminds us that with renewal world. “President Nathan later became the Director it means that the LM leadership will see new “We are going to start with three Awards of LRU in 1964 and returned to the Civil Service faces from generation to generation. this year and over time we intend to grow and in 1966. After leaving the NTUC, President “However, the values, the commitment expand the programme. So, our third thank you Nathan maintained ties with the LM first as a and the determination of the LM in always to President Nathan is for gifting this book to member of the LRU Governing Board and later, doing our very best against the odds to serve the LM. President Nathan, you are one of most as a trustee of the NTUC ARU until 1988. the workers and further their interests must distinguished alumni of the LM and we are very “President Nathan was very much involved and will remain the same. So, thank you honoured to launch this U Development Award with the landmark Modernisation Seminar President Nathan for writing this book.” in your name. Thank you, President Nathan.
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I was not merely ready to die. I expected to die. And there was a kind of recklessness because I knew that it was real danger. I knew what the communists would do to those whom they felt betrayed them. I did not have any“ bodyguard or personal escort in those days. I knew the kind of revenge they had taken on others whom they have suspected. But there was a kind of recklessness, reckless courage. And I expected to die. So it was very intense those days. … we were in a very small minority compared to the unions which were grouped under SATU, the communist united front outfit.” NTUC founding Secretary-General Devan Nair (right), as quoted from President Nathan’s book ‘Winning Against The Odds - The Labour Research Unit In NTUC’s Founding’
Quotes by NTUC-Administration and Research Unit (ARU) staff on their thoughts of the book, “Winning Against The Odds – The Labour Research Unit in NTUC’s Founding”.
To know how far we’ve come, we need to know where we’ve come from. As NTUC celebrates her 50th anniversary,“ President Nathan’s book serves as a timely reminder of the difficult beginnings in the 1960s. In our era of industrial peace, it is certainly important that we are reminded of the sacrifices of all the brave men and women who rallied to the NTUC cause not knowing if they would prevail against the odds. The book is an engaging read, made so not only because of the many interesting anecdotes but more so because they are the memories and first-hand experiences of President Nathan who was right on the frontlines. As a younger member of the NTUC- ARU, I have learnt that the tripartite trust and cooperation we enjoy today A ‘Must Read’ especially for any should not be taken for granted.” On the S R Nathan U Industrial Relations (IR) Officer who is Development Award Alex Yam, 29, Principle Executive, Youth serious about their work. From his narrations Development Unit I am very pleased to in“ the book, I can feel his unwavering spirit hear that NTUC-ARU is and perseverance as an IR practitioner. making a persistent effort to It was a humbling experience Those interested in this type of work can reading President Nathan’s grow“ and retain talent, with the also read the book for more insights before announcement of the S R Nathan book. What struck me most from the plunging into IR work, as it takes a lot of U Development Award. To keep book“ as an NTUC-ARU staff was what commitment and passion to appreciate the up with the changing economic President Nathan went through and job that we do.” how he perservered to withstand landscape, there will be a need Sylvia Choo, 44, Deputy Executive Secretary, Singapore to constantly upgrade oneself. (sometimes unreasonable) challenges Industrial & Services Employees’ Union all for the greater good of improving The award is indeed further the lives of workers. I highly There are many take-aways and motivation for NTUC-ARU staff recommend this to all my counterparts golden words by President Nathan such as myself to work hard, stay and fellow colleagues to learn about in the book, especially from his sharing of in touch and serve the ground.” the origins of NTUC and the daily Industrial“ Relations (IR) issues and how he Nur Azarudin Putra Mohamed Jufri, work of Industrial Relations Officers. 30, Senior Industrial Relations Officer, managed to foster relationships with both Union of Power and Gas Employees I strongly believe that only through union leaders and rank and file workers. understanding your past, we can chart While the Labour Movement has evolved for workers’ cause and a better future over time, what the President did in the 60s is for “U” and me.” still very relevant and applicable today.” Lim Geok Khim, 39, Assistant Director, Lim Chin Siew, 61, Executive Secretary, Shipbuilding Employment and Employability Institute and Marine Engineering Employees’ Union 4 workingfor • inclusivegrowth Exclusive Chapter For UWEEI’s PMEs Beyond the suite of By services, programmes Naseema Banu Maideen and activities, UWEEI EPC is he expanding population of a“ community that provides Professionals, Managers and support, opportunities and Executives (PMEs) is a reflection of catalysts for PMEs to be actively the next generation of Singapore’s workforce. And United Workers of engaged in shaping their Electronic and Electrical Industries (UWEEI) future…PMEs in the electronics Tis well in tune to “re-shape itself for this sector are a talented group generation”, said NTUC Deputy Secretary- with great potential. UWEEI General and UWEEI Executive Secretary EPC aims to help these PMEs Halimah Yacob. It was this factor that drove develop their capabilities and the union to form the UWEEI Engineering amplify their potential.” Professional Community (UWEEI EPC) which was launched on 22 January 2011. Halimah Yacob, NTUC Deputy The launch of this new chapter for the Professionals, Managers and Executives (PMEs) Secretary-General and UWEEI of United Workers of Electronic and Electrical Industries will create platforms to enhance Speaking at the launch event witnessed Executive Secretary their professional and social lives. by over 200 members, management partners and other guests at Marina Club, DSG Halimah shared that UWEEI EPC will serve as a chapter to provide a The 3Es For UWEEI’s PMEs suite of services and activities that will impact PMEs ENRICH Through Training in the electronics sector – from offering assistance • UWEEI Professional Grant on workplace issues to career development to social The union introduced this grant for PMEs to assist in upgrading their skills and enhancing activities. It will reach out to touch PMEs in their their employability. Each grant, worth up to $250, is exclusively made available for professional, personal and social lives through three key members of UWEEI EPC and can be used to approve courses offered by recognised pillars - Enrich, Empower and Experience. institutions in Singapore. Said UWEEI General Treasurer Richard Tan, who • Workshops and seminars is heading this chapter: “Through these three pillars, UWEEI EPC will organise various professional development programmes and executive our activities will engage more professionals in the workshops to help widen their industry knowledge, job competencies and personal skills. electronics sector more aggressively. Over time, we hope The inaugural session kicked off with an interactive session on “Succeeding and Shining to grow these interest groups to tap into the 16,000 in the Electronics Sector”, chaired by DSG Halimah, Mr Ramon Padiernos, Managing professionals from our pool of 54,000 members in Director, SGP Manufacturing and Technology, Gemalto Private Limited, as well as Mr John UWEEI.” Bittleston, Executive Chairman, TerrificMentors International Private Limited. Ms Bai Xin Mei, 42, Engineer, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Limited is one new member who joined EMPOWER Through Representation • Series of legal clinics and workshops are lined up. UWEEI EPC at the launch. “Engineers like me now have • an interactive web portal for online advice and assistance is set up. a place for career growth and I look forward to attend • a support group within UWEEI EPC for sharing of information and experiences will also seminars and workshops that will help to increase my kick in. performance at the workplace.” DSG Halimah added that UWEEI’s hope and goal for EXPERIENCE An Array Of Benefits the EPC is to become one that is self-sustaining, with • Members and friends of UWEEI EPC will have avenues to participate in regular social a core of passionate professionals driving activities and activities like exclusive movie screening events, dining sessions and electronics fairs. programme with a growing pool of members.
NTUC’s First Campus Launches ‘Skool Dash’ On Facebook a number of our professionals. By “As the game was being conceptualised Joshua Joseph and designed, there were constant feedback discussions with this team and the game design xtra steps were taken by NTUC First team. Areas discussed included interactivity Campus to engage the interest of the as well as beliefs of early childhood care and Z-Generation with the launch of their education were embedded in the game where new facebook game ‘Skool Dash’. At possible.” Ngee Ann Polytechnic’s Career Fair Part of the game’s focus was to incorporate held on 20 January 2010, many graduates got a flavour and elements of the role of the teacher toE expose themselves to early childhood care that players would get a better grasp of the daily and the education field through playing the NTUC First Campus booth draws many onlookers at the career fair. routines and challenges involved in handling game. each child. ‘Skool Dash’ displayed NTUC First seven-month long process which involved early Ms Lee also explained about the careful Campus’s effectiveness and progressiveness childhood care and education professionals attention that was paid to details of the game so in attempting to reach potential candidates from NTUC First Campus working closely with that it would prove to be an eye-catching and through new media. a game developer. Time was spent at childcare exciting experience for Z- Generation users. Shared NTUC First Campus Chief Human centres to get first-hand insights and to gain She added: “As this game is targeted Resource Officer Geraldine Lee: “For Generation comprehensive grounding on a typical day in a at Generation Z, we were careful that our Z, often referred to as the digital generation, childcare teacher’s life. animation, colours and sound are attractive to internet is a common place for them. Social Ms Lee said: “They gave a lot of thought catch the player’s attention and interest.” networks and online games have become `The’ and brainstormed on how to make the game Prizes were given out to players of the game way to engage with friends. To attract and fun and interesting and at the same time, that day with two movie tickets being given to engage this group of `digital natives’, we have reflective of the real life challenges. Our game the top scorer at every hour interval. The highest taken an innovative approach.” designer needed to appreciate these and hence scorer of the day got to walk away with an The development of the game was a spent time at our centres and interviewed quite instant camera. inclusivegrowth • workingfor 5 Powering Away To Re-Employment
By Muneerah Bee Mohamed Iqbal
ature employees at PowerSeraya Limited can now look forward to being re-employed now that the company has a framework in place. On 19 January 2010, the Union of Power and Gas Employees (UPAGE) andM PowerSeraya signed a new Collective Agreement (CA) with several new items introduced. One of which saw the company and union working collaboratively to conclude a framework for re-employing mature workers who are beyond the age of 62. Testament to the good This makes PowerSeraya the first power Labour-Management generation company to formally adopt such a Our people’s flexibility and Relations and open honest ability to adapt to change, move, ahead of the re-employment legislation communication between both which will be in effect from 2012. PowerSeraya “ their trust in our leaders and their Chief Executive Officer John Ng (pictured, parties, the CA was concluded in commitment“ to build upon the third from left) explained that while the financial just two to three meetings. It was a company’s vision, all these positive parameter for determining the variable bonus tough negotiation but nevertheless qualities have contributed to the has been previously based on the Return on with the good understanding, company’s growth over the years. Equity, it will now be based on the Net Profit mutual trust and confidence, this CA Without a doubt, UPAGE has been a After Tax. Another improvement made to the was concluded with minimal fuss.” CA is an increase of up to six per cent in the key facilitator of this success.” maximum salary point of the salary scales. Tay Seng Chye (pictured, fifth from right), John Ng, PowerSeraya Limited Chief Executive UPAGE President Workers will also enjoy an increased amount for Officer their flexible benefit, from $700 to $750 each year. and members who work very well with the UPAGE General Secretary Nachiappan RK PowerSeraya Board of Directors Dato’ management. “The productivity of this site Sinniah (pictured, fourth from right) appreciated Yeoh Seok Hong (pictured, fourth from left) and has always improved and with the greater the presence of the Board of Directors in Joseph Tan (pictured, third from right) were profitability from the company, we hope to be officiating the AC signing as it showed the present to witness the signing and Dato’ Yeoh able to share the benefits with all our workers as importance they give to the union-management applauded the efforts of the union leaders well,” he said. relationship.
Flowing On The Spirit Of Leadership USE Members Fully Endorse Leadership Renewal Amendments To Constitution
By Gwen Sin
t was double cheers for the Union of opportunities with tripartite partners Security Employees (USE) at NTUC are crucial to the security industry: NTUC’s First Campus Launches ‘Skool Dash’ On Facebook Lifestyle Club Happy Days on 21 January “The prime objective is to upgrade 2011. Earlier in the afternoon, USE the quality of the industry. We want received 100 per cent support for the Flow to reach out to the management, On Amendments to Constitution at their Special work closely with them and form the IDelegates Conference. bridge of trust between them and all NTUC Assistant Secretary-General Ong Ye Kung (left) at USE’s Networking Night with USE also announced that it hopes to hit workers.” USE President N Silva (centre) and USE Executive Secretary Patrick Tay. 20,000 in membership by 2015, as revealed by USE’s Executive Secretary Patrick Tay and Launch Of Membership We have a whole group of President N. Silva at its third Networking Night. Campaign USE also kicked off the membership campaign veteran unionists that are very Full Resounding ‘Yes’ To that evening. Its membership currently stands experienced. Some point in time, they Constitutional Amendments at 12,000 as of January 2011, which is targeted have“ to take a step back and nurture the Mr Tay noted that the inclusiveness of the to rise and cross the 20,000 mark by 2015. next generation. I think it is gathering senior workers further strengthens the close NTUC Assistant Secretary-General momentum; that is very good news.” relationship that is already well fostered with Ong Ye Kung, the event’s Guest-of-Honour, NTUC Assistant Secretary-General Ong Ye Kung USE’s tripartite partners and other stakeholders. congratulated USE on three accounts - first, He said: “Security workers who have on its full resounding vote for the constitutional reached the age of 62 years are part of the amendments; next, its rapid membership Some point in time, they have to take a step Senior USE Committee that has continued to growth; and, lastly, on USE’s strong and united back and nurture the next generation. I think it is contribute and be actively involved in USE. We spirit. gathering momentum; that is very good news.” can flow them on, so that we can still keep “Today, we see a very impressive story ASG Ong also concluded on the them connected as mentors to the new force where leadership renewal is fully supported in membership targets: “The growth in that flows in.” He went on to add that it is at USE. It is important to maintain the 3Fs (Flow membership is another impressive story. USE platforms like the annual Networking Night In, Flow Up, Flow On) approach, to ensure that only had 500 members in 2004, but 12,000 which attributes greatly to “drive the industry the Labour Movement continues to be relevant today. USE has been an active union that is not forward”. far into the future. We have a whole group of at its formation to start a critical mass out of the Mr Silva also explained that the networking veteran unionists who are very experienced. blue.” 6 workingfor • inclusivegrowth Out With The Old, And In With New Media By Joshua Joseph and Technical people) to equip themselves in s the public relations industry new media. continues to evolve rapidly in an ever- She said: “Many changing media landscape, a great PMETs recognise emphasis has been placed on Public that new media Relations (PR) professionals to equip and social media themselves with deeper skills to operate in the are new mediums Anew media space. which they can tap NTUC’s e2i (Employment and Employability on and leverage in Institute) recognised this growing need and today’s context to teamed up with its three partners, the Institute of communicate to their Public Relations Singapore (IPRS), the Singapore target audiences in a Media Academy (SMA) and Six Degrees to faster more effective The four speakers of the night setting the tone for the discussion. organise a networking event for public relations manner. More PMETs and new media professionals on 19 January are also becoming aware and more receptive to The lines dividing professional 2011. using these mediums. fields are blurring, and this is The four speakers of the night, who were “e2i sees the potential for partners in media key industry leaders, engaged the audience and public relations to work together and hence one clear example. The purpose of in discussion as they shared their industry created this platform for the industry practitioners e2i“ is to be a market maker, bringing expertise. The event created a great platform for to come together to network, and to deepen different parties together to network, public relations and new media professionals to their skill sets through various professional cross-share knowledge and skills, exchange ideas and trade industry knowledge. development programmes.” so that overall our PMET workforce Topics that were addressed included the Madam Cynthia Ng, an attendee at the becomes increasingly more capable.” emerging trends of PR, challenges of PR in the event, who is relatively new to the PR industry, digital age, integrating traditional and digital social found the discussion beneficial to her. She said: NTUC Assistant Secretary-General and e2i Chairman Ong Ye Kung media campaigns and what PR professionals can “Besides learning about PR, when it comes to do to equip themselves better with the different new media, it is totally a new ball game. You new platforms available. have to know the various channels and also the your customers and not ask them to jump on the NTUC’s e2i Head of Professional Services functions of each various channel. bandwagon just because it’s popular, trendy and Candy Chua explained the importance for “As someone new in the PR industry, you all that stuff, because at the end of the day, you PMETs (Professionals, Managers, Executives have to know which media is appropriate for are measured by your effectiveness.” Soft Skills For Early Childhood Educators By Gwen Sin educators hosted by President S.R. Nathan at Additional reporting by Joshua Joseph Istana last year were new initiatives led by ESU and the chapter.” ith more PMETs (Professionals, He added: “That is critical because it allows Managers, Executives and our professionals in this sector to be even Technical people) on the roll, stronger, more resilient and give them a certain professional development is confidence.A nd it will show the kind of quality key in helping them to stay that is talked about. It will be a boost to the abreast of rising competition. And one of the industry in turn.” Wsectors to consider will be the early Mrs Josephine Teo, NTUC Assistant childhood education industry, where its Secretary-General (ASG) and Chairperson, rapid expansion has seen a growth in Professional Government Parliamentary Committee the pool of Professionals, Managers and chapters are NTUC Assistant Secretary for Education, noted: “e2i (Employment Executives (PMEs) joining the force. an effective way for General Josephine Teo and Employability Institute) will aim for a (centre) marked PCECE’s first breakthrough to double the PMETs from The Labour Movement recognises our“ unions to engage anniversary with ESU Executive that PMEs must be given the support PMETs…This would Secretary Zainudin Nordin 4000 to 8000. Next U, an initiative of NTUC with continuous skill upgrade (right) and ESU President LearningHub’s focus on PMETs, will also Michael Tan whilst deepening their professional enhance their outreach pursue more partnerships with global leaders, competencies. The Education to PMETs who form fun and interactive such as that with Disney Institute and Fashion Services Union (ESU) is one such body 35 per cent of their activities. Keynote Institute of Technology, to deliver world-class championing soft skills development membership base.” speakers like Miss training in Singapore. Professional chapters are an effective way for our unions to engage with continuous education and training NTUC Assistant Secretary Jessica Marie Martin, to improve the professionalism, image General Josephine Teo Winner of Outstanding PMETs. Apart from ESU and UWEEI, four more and qualifications of early childhood Infant Educarer Award unions with a combined membership of nearly educators. This was witnessed at and Ms Geri Johnson 140,000 are also planning to set up similar its Professional Chapter for Early Childhood from Singapore American School also shared professional communities. This would enhance Educators’ (PCECE) celebration, themed extensively on their experiences with the 350 their outreach to PMETs who form 35 per cent “Jamboree 2011 - Passport to a Professional U” participants and key stakeholders present at the of their membership base.” on 22 January 2011. event. The Jamboree celebration introduced Mr Zainudin Nordin, ESU Executive We want to take in professional development related topics where Secretary commented: “Despite being a year more of these PMEs, the participants attended practicable skills old, the chapter with the support of industry to engage them to work workshops, professional image grooming classes partners, has achieved several ‘firsts’ in its with“ us, and also to raise and expert engagement on pre-school curriculum efforts to uplift the ECCE sector. For example, professional standards.” with an international perspective. The participants the Bright Beginnings Conference which also had the opportunities to network with other focused on good employment practices in Principal of My First Skool progressive and passionate educators through the ECE sector and the tea session for ECE Christina Han inclusivegrowth • workingfor 7 FairPrice Foundation Boost For Daily Needs $144,000 Worth Of Vouchers To Benefit Nearly 200 Needy Families
By Nicolette Yeo
t used to be a real struggle for wheelchair- bound Ng May Chan, 54, to fork out $30 every month to buy groceries as it formed a huge portion of the $180 monthly allowance she earned as a trainee at the Society for the Physically Disabled (SPD) ISheltered Workshop. The same can be said of Mr Thomas Thong, 60, who is Ms Ng’s colleague and is also wheelchair-bound. The good news is, for the next two years, both Ms Ng and Mr Thong will not have to worry too much about their grocery bills. NTUC FairPrice Foundation will be “picking up the tab” with the Daily Needs Programme it launched for SPD on 12 January 2011. Under the programme, the NTUC FairPrice Foundation will be donating vouchers to the tune of $144,000 to help nearly 200 needy individuals and families under SPD with household income below $1,500 meet their daily needs. All in all, each individual or family will receive $30 worth of FairPrice vouchers every month over the next two years. This is certainly music to the ears of Ms Ng, whose grocery needs will be fully met till 2013. “My allowance is very low so I can use this for my NTUC FairPrice Group Chief Executive Officer and NTUC FairPrice Foundation Director Tan Kian Chew (left) and Society for the Physically everyday needs,” said the single who lives Disabled Executive Director Abhimanyau Pal. alone. The vouchers will also provide welcome relief for Mr Thong, who depends on wife and vouchers to help ease their financial burden selected NTUC FairPrice outlets. caregiver Chiew Soh Geok, 52, to take care of for daily needs. This contribution by FairPrice The Daily Needs Programme will also the grocery shopping. “The extra $30 is very Foundation is one such initiative to help families extend an extra helping hand to SPD clients like good; it helps me and my wife,” he said. in need. We hope that it will enhance the good Ms Ng who find it difficult to purchase essentials At the launch, NTUC Fairprice Co-operative work that SPD has been doing to help people on their own. Every month, volunteers from Limited Group Chief Executive Officer and with physical disabilities develop their potential NTUC Fairprice will deliver the items directly to NTUC FairPrice Foundation Director Tan Kian to the fullest.” the client’s home or a convenient location. Chew said: “As a Social Enterprise, we ensure SPD Executive Director Abhimanyau Pal In Ms Ng’s case, instead of vouchers, she that quality essential items are available to our added: “These FairPrice vouchers offer flexibility will receive a standard grocery package which customers at affordable prices. For families because it doesn’t only allow our clients to will be sent direct to her workplace at SPD. With with financial difficulties, we offer them grocery buy staple food items, they can also use them transport to ferry her to and from her home in to buy any other Bukit Merah to the centre every day, it is a more household products convenient option for her. they need.” Mr Pal also “It is a good idea to have this scheme took the opportunity because sometimes I cannot go outside and to recount SPD’s buy my own groceries and can depend on this,” close partnership with explained Ms Ng. the Foundation for In rounding up the Foundation’s efforts more than ten years. to date, Mr Tan renewed NTUC FairPrice’s He highlighted, in commitment to continue to do good: “FairPrice particular, how NTUC Foundation has contributed over $26 million FairPrice helped since its formation in 2008 to help the to set up a training community live a better life. I am happy that with kitchen for its clients the strong support of our customers, FairPrice to encourage them has been able to do well. And as we continue to to be independent as do well, we are also committed to do even more Society for the Physically Disabled Sheltered Workshop Trainee Thomas Thong (center) with well as establish SPD good by distributing more profits back to the NTUC FairPrice volunteer Ang Chee Keong (left) and SPD Social Work Trainee Shawn Yon. donation boxes in community.”
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By Rasheedah Mahfuz t is a brand new year and a brand new image for NTUC Healthcare Co-operative Limited. The social enterprise, established in 1992 by NTUC, revitalised its brand identity with a Irefreshed logo that is framed by the NTUC “U” Hallmark. The refreshed brand was launched at the opening of its new Unity outlet at Clementi Mall. At the launch, NTUC Healthcare shared its revised brand vision, mission and core values based on the brand essence - “Care for Life”. Speaking at the official opening of the store, NTUC Healthcare CEO Ryan Cheong said: “This brand vision for NTUC Healthcare is to become the partner of choice in the community, Our customers today are for individuals and families in the area health-conscious and of health and wellness so that they From left: Tan Hwee Bin, Chairman of the Board of Directors, NTUC Healthcare; Lim Swee Say, NTUC Secretary-General; Ryan Cheong, CEO, NTUC Healthcare at the well-educated on health matters. can live life to the fullest.” official opening of Unity store at Clementi Mall Our“ role in healthcare retail is to provide products that are high on efficacy and credibility. stores. “So if you cannot find the store, just Coupled with excellent customer follow the scent,” he added. service and a pleasant shopping The new store also features wider aisles experience, we look forward to that allow physically-challenged customers to better serve the community and to manoeuvre around the store in a wheelchair become their preferred health and easily and provides magnifying glasses to wellness partner.” customers who are unable to read the fine print on product labels. Ryan Cheong, CEO, NTUC Healthcare Co- Unity At Clementi Mall operative Limited The first Unity store at Clementi Mall which features the refreshed brand identity was Mr Value designed based on the brand essence, which To help customers cope with the higher cost can be seen from the environment of the store, of living, Healthcare said it has increased Skills Upgrading For Unity’s the merchandise as well as the customer the number of Mr Value’s products from 50 Pharmacists service that empowers customers to take care to 100. Launched in August 2010, Mr Value In line with its social mission to be the of themselves. With the new brand essence, offers customers a wide selection of healthcare community’s partner of choice in caring for their Unity offers not only medicines and over-the- essentials at affordable prices. health and wellness, Healthcare said it will be counter health products, but also a selection Mr Cheong said: “We promise that these providing Unity pharmacists with opportunities of merchandises that are focused on wellness, items are at the lowest price. If you find the to upgrade their skills and expertise through ranging from supplements to a wide variety of same items at a lower price than ours at another various training programmes, which include organic food, skin and body care products, as GST-registered store in Singapore, we will the Clinical Diabetes Educator Certification well as Traditional Chinese Medicine products. refund you the difference. No questions asked.” Programme, Pharmacist Health Ambassador The store also offers a wide selection of diabetic- Programme (PHAP) training for Chronic Disease friendly products which can be found at a Management and the Masters in Community dedicated area of the store especially for diabetic My staff and I are very Pharmacy by Queen’s University in Belfast. patients. excited about this new Li Lei Lei, who has undergone the brand identity. With this brand Certification for Quit Smoking Consultants Enhancing The Customer’s revitalisation,“ we hope to reach out Course, said: “The training has given me Shopping Experience to more customers and provide the ability to tailor specific programmes for With the brand revitalisation, Healthcare has also better service to patients.” each customer. Now, I am able to counsel taken steps to enhance the shopping experience and motivate them individually instead of just for its customers in unique ways. Mr Cheong said Gerald Lim, Pharmacist, Unity dispensing a nicotine replacement product to a special scent has been developed for Unity help them quit smoking.”
engaging 9 NTUC Healthcare Sporting A Sports Lifestyle Revitalises With New Unity Store By Muneerah Bee Mohamed Iqbal
f the Singapore Youth Olympic Games and the 2010 FIFA World Cup last year were any indication, it was clear that Singaporeans definitely love their sports and the sporting lifestyle. As the sporting Icommunity of NTUC Club, U Sports has long been organising sports events and activities over the past years to cater to the different interests of sports enthusiasts. This year they are taking a step further with the inaugural U Sports Conference 2011, held at the ITE College Central (Bishan Campus) on 9 January 2011. With support from the Singapore Sports Council, ITE College Central and other come away with a better appreciation of what it Sports is very high on our sports organisations, the day-long conference takes to manage sports events and if you have priority as an engine to build was a platform for sports aficionados to boost the opportunity to get involved in some of them, bonds amongst our unions, of which their knowledge on sports with 11 indoor to be able to tap upon a body of knowledge there are some 60 affiliates and workshops and practical sessions covering a that will help you in your task whatever they may “ variety of topics. 250 participants, including be.” amongst the individual members U Games contestants, union representatives, As the chairman for the sports committee whose number stands at well over team managers, and members of the public, of the union, Healthcare Services Employees’ 570,000 at present.” had the chance to learn about sports science, Union Vice President K Thanaletchimi (pictured, Yeo Khee Leng, NTUC Club Chief Executive enhancing performance and preventing far right) hopes for members to make sports a Officer injuries. They were also updated about new part of their lifestyle. “Workers representation is developments in sports, the issues and not all about industrial relations, it’s also about The conference included a keynote session challenges in marketing sports events and fun and play,” she said. from Singapore Sports Council Senior Director managing major sports events such as the A member of the Union of ITE Training Pathway Development Dr Bervyn Lee (pictured, Standard Chartered Marathon. Staff, Mohamed Tahir Ali sees sports as more second from left) on ‘Engaging People Through In his opening address, NTUC Club Chief than just as a platform for competition but also Sports To Their Golden Years’. Executive Officer Yeo Khee Leng (pictured, for enjoyment and self-fulfilment. He said: “I’m Dr Jason Chia, Consultant Sports Physician fourth from left) said: “Today’s programme will looking forward to how the U Sports Conference and Head, Sports & Medicine Surgery Medicine try to share with you the knowledge acquired by could better enhance us with knowledge and Clinic, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, also spoke on many people in the field of sports administration skills to prepare us and the generations to come understanding how errors in running can be risk and event organising, so that each of us can in inculcating a healthy lifestyle.” factors for overused injuries.
A member from the Singapore Bank Officers' Association participating in the ‘Archery For Fun’ Participants learn how to prevent football injuries from officials of the Football workshop. Association of Singapore. Sports In Every Way Of The Word
What is your definition of ‘sports’? To some, the competitive element for them to engage and connect sports to the public, they have to of sports is the motivating factor for their participation while others do recognise that the value of sports is interpreted differently by different sports as a form of community participation. Sports also invoke a deep groups of people. sense of affiliation for some, as we see with fans who are devoted to Dr Lee also highlighted that sports need to be an integrated part their favourite soccer clubs. of our lifestyle instead of seeing ‘Work’ ‘Live’ and ‘Play’ as separate In his keynote session at the U Sports Conference, Dr Bervyn Lee entities and encouraged sports initiatives to have a sustainable impact posed this question to get participants to understand that in order rather than just being an one-off event. 10 workingfor • inclusivegrowth Speaking A Language Of Inclusiveness
By Muneerah Bee Mohamed Iqbal
eing effectively bilingual is an important facet of the Singapore lifestyle and Mother Tongue SCTU Languages (MTL) teachers play an important role in Blaying the foundation for children The Singapore Chinese Teachers' Union to achieve this. The Singapore represents about 1,800 teachers who Chinese Teachers' Union (SCTU) teach Chinese Language and Literature in places great importance on the Chinese in schools. Besides local teachers, professional development of its An overwhelming number of over 400 teachers attended the 'Standards For Being A its membership base also includes foreign members through collaborated Good Student And Child' seminar co-organised by SCTU and the Singapore Kwangtung teachers from countries such as China, Hui Kuan in the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce & Industry auditorium on 20 Taiwan and Malaysia. seminars, workshops and November 2010. conferences. The union also plays a big role in soliciting environment at home for children to learn and offering feedback and recommendations in Mandarin. The union is also exploring the Moving forward, SCTU will start a youth response to education policies involving Mother possibility of working with U Family on this, in chapter this year as there is an increasingly Tongue learning. SCTU President Lim Chin Nam line with the Labour Movement’s ‘Do Together’ higher percentage of young teachers who are said: “This is our responsibility. Whenever there philosophy. in their twenties and thirties in its membership is any important policy announcement or policy SCTU is also on track with NTUC’s 3-Flow base. SCTU Executive Secretary Peggy Chen changes, the union should respond appropriately model. The union is actively encouraging said: “We are thinking of leveraging on Young and in a timely manner.” younger members to Flow In to the Executive NTUC and work with them so that we have more With the recent MTL Review Committee Council where they will be sent for leadership targeted activities for this group of teachers. Recommendations, one of the recommendations workshops and shadowed by the more Previously our activities are usually more broad is for parents to play a bigger role in their experienced members. There is also a Flow On and for everybody.” With Young NTUC’s interest children’s MTL usage and learning. In lieu of tradition in place where the retired members groups and activities, the union hopes the youth this, SCTU is aiming to conduct workshops for serve as advisors and consultants to the union to chapter will cater to its young members and parents to help them create a more conducive contribute their wealth of experience. attract and engage even more young teachers.
Getting The Best Of Both Worlds Fighter permanent staff. In November 2010, about 21 permanent staff were retrenched. “This exercise left a lasting impression on me because we always see workers crying on the day of their retrenchment, as they bid farewell to their colleagues who have been working alongside them for the past years. By I’ve learnt that it is a continuous process that Vanessa Teo businesses restructure their manpower, but aving to take care of we should also not take retrenching workers unionised companies as lightly as just shutting down machines as under one union can workers have emotions. Therefore, it’s the already be quite a handful, union that brings the human touch and hope what more two? But in for workers, and we will always work to offer Senior Industrial Relations Officer opportunities to them by linking them up ChongH Xianming’s case, he is more MIWU and SPWU Senior Industrial Relations Officer Chong Xianming (standing) to NTUC’s e2i to provide job matching and takes every opportunity to see how he can help workers. than glad to be able to be involved in training.” two unions - Metal Industries Workers’ And as he takes each step in his job, Mr Union (MIWU) and Singapore Port Workers workforce at the port. We not only work with the Chong is blessed to have supporting colleagues Union (SPWU). PSA management on industrial relations issues, both in MIWU and SPWU to support him “I am fortunate to be seconded to two we also reach out to the contractors who supply throughout his journey. At MIWU, the team unions with very different backgrounds that have workers to the port,” said Mr Chong. of IROs has recently started a weekly run at given me the opportunity to observe different Joining the Labour Movement in November East Coast Park followed by dinner thereafter, situations. In the metal industry, my daily job 2007, Mr Chong has had his fair share of which has further strengthened their bonds. roles include negotiating for annual increments, learning from different cases he handled in the Moving forward, Mr Chong hopes to continue variable bonuses and ensuring that Collective unions. One such case that happened recently to make an impact on his members’ lives, as Agreements are renewed promptly and more. I gave him a new learning experience. well as to help the Labour Movement grow its am also involved in promoting re-employment Shared Mr Chong: “This was a membership. ahead of the legislation in 2012 as our locals retrenchment case in MIWU, where the “I hope to continue to make impressions in working in the metal industry for many years are company had to retrench workers in batches our members’ lives, be it big or small. At MIWU, approaching their retirement age. as they shifted their manufacturing facility to I hope that its membership strength will grow to “At the port, we look more into the workers’ Malaysia. In 2009, they started the retrenchment break the 21,000 mark as we seek to organise welfare and help to manage the diverse process with contract workers and a handful of more branches,” said Mr Chong. inclusivegrowth • workingfor 11 CSR Beyond Charity And Ethnicity
By Gwen Sin any would have thought Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is just about signing off cheques for charities, but there is definitely more to it, so said the newly launched ASEAN CSR Network. MBased on past studies observed by the Network, the importance of CSR has spawned enormously in recent years. Companies, employees and communities are no longer concerned about how businesses make money, but more so by making commercial decisions Guest-of-Honour Mr Zainul Abidin Rasheed, Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs (sixth from right), at the Inauguration of that also take social and environmental factors the ASEAN CSR Network with members of the Board of Trustees. into account. As such, it is recognised that there is a lack of awareness and understanding on CSR in A common cause for CSR in Asia ASEAN and the role of the business sector in is important. ASEAN countries national and regional development. There was are exporting countries, where there neither a common platform for exchange on are“ largely manufacturing activities CSR within ASEAN and with dialogue partners, and transnational business relations nor defined standards on CSR in the region. with the rest of the world. There needs The huge gap between the richest and poorest to be a common understanding in countries in the region also has a direct impact on the practice of CSR in each country, where fairness, quality and being socially there needs to be greater inclusive growth to responsible in the long run.” support sustainable development. NTUC Deputy Secretary-General Halimah The challenge then, was to find a common Yacob ground for regional co-operation and assist Mr Thomas Thomas, Executive Director of Singapore Compact for CSR and CEO of ASEAN CSR Network, giving an overview of the the less-developed countries. It was noted plans ahead. South-east Asia. That we could come together that countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, to form a network dedicated to doing good, Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia have True CSR carries similar values while doing well, is truly heartening.” greater awareness on CSR issues compared and ethnics into our work. Mr Zainul added that Singapore and its with others in the region. Inspired by such What we need to persuade people ASEAN partners would continue to benefit in positive response, the ASEAN CSR Network, to understand is that we could do nurturing strong CSR relations, since Singapore inaugurated on 11 January 2011, aims to be “ itself, has been a very successful and thriving part of a regional network to provide a platform good while making profits. We need tripartism among the government, corporate for collaboration and co-operation, conducting not be rich by making others poor. sector and unions in place. research, organising events and serving as the By prospering together, we will “We cannot take CSR for granted, as the hub for information and knowledge on CSR. build better, stable and sustainable dynamics of the corporate relations with the The ASEAN CSR Network will be a communities. This is the ASEAN unions and the government are ever-changing, venue for sharing, discussing and addressing Community we aspire to be, and CSR and so is the global economy landscape. We regional issues and concerns. It will provide will play a major role.” need to be conscious of these factors to have opportunities for networking and exchange, and tripartism strengthened and kept as relevant advocate international norms of CSR behaviour NTUC Fairprice Co-operative Ltd CEO Seah as possible for future challenges, through Kian Peng in this region. Finally, it will serve to be an the sharing of experiences with our ASEAN advocate and capacity builder for acceptance of neighbours, in order to present better practices international norms of CSR behaviour. persuade people to understand is that we could forward.” In his welcome speech, Mr Seah Kian Peng, do good while making profits. We need not Madam Halimah Yacob, NTUC Deputy CEO for NTUC Fairprice Co-operative Ltd and be rich by making others poor. By prospering Secretary-General and NTUC Women’s also the Vice-President of Singapore Compact together, we will build better, stable and Development Secretariat Alignment Director for CSR noted: “True CSR carries similar values sustainable communities. This is the ASEAN commented: “A common cause for CSR in Asia and ethnics into our work. What we need to Community we aspire to be, and CSR will play a is important. ASEAN countries are exporting major role.” countries, where there are largely manufacturing We cannot take CSR for granted, Mr Zainul Abidin Rasheed, Senior Minister activities and transnational business relations of State for Foreign Affairs, who was at the with the rest of the world. There needs to be a as the dynamics of the corporate event as its Guest-of-Honour, shared the common understanding in fairness, quality and relations with the unions and the same sentiments: “This timely development being socially responsible in the long run.” government“ are ever-changing, and is especially welcome, given the ongoing The Network already has five founding so is the global economy landscape. conflicts all over the world. We are often members from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, We need to be conscious of these sent the message that differences and a Singapore and Thailand. The Network desires factors to have tripartism strengthened lack of understanding lead to problems and to have representation from all the 10 ASEAN and kept as relevant as possible for disagreements, even wars. member states eventually. The Network’s future challenges, through the sharing Here in our corner of the world, South-east Secretariat will be based in Singapore. Asia is a melting pot of cultures, ethnicities Singapore Compact for CSR, a tripartite body of experiences with our ASEAN and religions. However, at the heart of our charged with promoting CSR in Singapore, was neighbours, in order to present better differences lies a common belief that we should its initial host and implemented various activities practices forward.” treat others well even as we succeed in our own to fulfil the action plan. The Network welcomes Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs endeavours. This is CSR under a different name, governments, businesses, organisations Zainul Abidin Rasheed reflected in the many traditions which constitute involved in CSR to work with it.
þ ʻ ଋ ÿഴ य þʻଋÿഴयࣸԩᤀ
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ᐋࢹᤁҮ˝ఝளᮖ࠭ࡎᏪѢᄉ ౣ။ၶ˶ૈѢὋᐋࢹᤁҮՉ þ ʻ ଋ ÿഴ य ଋ ԩ Njଋ ೡ Njଋ ᤋ ὈὋ ሗࣰԻὋᐯ߿˿þଋᤋÿᄉࢹᤁᮖnj Ԝࣱᄉᯪࡒþ6ᮖ˧ܳÿڙ३ҁՉࢹ͗ᄉஂnjᄫґὋӦஜ̾ʼ ΒݟὋ ᤝͮᝧ᠊ᏪځᄉՉᛠˉМ͗NjనҫˉԢМРᦉ᫂ᄉ ὋՏᠪຆࢹᤁᮖ ࢹ ͗ Ὃᦏ ࣂ ᧓ ጩþ ଋ ᤋ ÿᄉ ഏ এ njᤇ ᖌ३ᛪੳnj ˓ࢹ͗ࣂፂνஇNjфᝫὋൣ ܰὋဌࢹᤁᮖߥᬒᗈ̂ эܫᖿࠃþଋᤋÿഴयnj ͗˶ѢᝮߥѲὋށ͉Ѣᓣᄉᤝ͓ ဌࢹᤁᮖߥᬒࣱ̅ ࢹᤁᮖ˝ᝮ࣍njᄫґὋథʻՏᤝ͓ڙ ࢹᤁᝮ࣍Ὑள˝ށѲʽԩڙʼὋ ᮖ͗܈తˠᛠᄉᐋᮖ༤ ጻቢనҫࢹԣᐎՋ͗ґማڣڸᐋࢹ͗ማ˹᫁ౣ။ၶྱѾଡ ҪڍК ᬷտᐎՋܦᙝڸនNjளҪڹᬶ˖ఝளᮖ࠭ࡎழ᭦ᄉҰ ˹᫁рڙҁࢹᤁ МРᬷڸԢளҪܢҦnj̴ᛪᇧὋᤇ˓ࢹ͗ᄉ͗տ̠ ͗ґማ˹්᫁ᯰ ஜὋӳ˿͗տ̠ஜᄉ̾ʼὋ տᐎՋ͗ґማ˹᫁ᡎᐱඞnj ʻ˓ኍڙ։ᅋܷᦉѫᄉ˖Njܷഴࢹ͗Ὃࣂࡘ ଋʽὋþʻଋÿഴय࠱ धఝளᮖ࠭ࡎᄉࢹͺnj ጞ ʼ ᛠ njኃ ʶ ˓ ኍ ጞ ᄉ ࢹ ͗ ௦ ૈ ᡎᐱඞԾʶὈ௦ʻͮԩށࢹᤁᝮ࣍˧ʶnj
៘៘;Ὃྕᕹˌ
̠ܲᝢ˝Ὃᐋ͗տӴᄉҩᑞࡂݟФ̴ࠑԦᛠᄉ ᄉਕ៘ζὙܢԯឬὙ 9ݘ̝ܢտӴᓉὋԵᑞၸ̙ԩ͕৻͈ԢሤѫኍˉѽᄝnjФ 9ݘ͗ þ᜵̯̈ᐎᎩNjధԣՎ̂ þॡ᥋ਲ਼Ὃੇʿᅻ᥊ྕ˟ˌ ʼኃʶՓੇଡΘବүᄉڲࠃὋᤇࣱὋᐋፋ̀͗տᄉᤉᤉᡓᡔˉѽᄝnj ழ᭦ҁ̖ՐᄉᄰСᝬোࣲʿ ࠓὋᏪ˄ܷܲஜᦏˀ̖ϛథ ̠௦ឹnjʿὋੇॡਕ༎ᥦ̎ࣞ Сnjੇ᭦ࠪᄉ᫇ᮤඊᣖྱ߿Ὃ үੇNjஂੇὋՓੇଡΘᄰСᠪ உ߸̖ϛՐԦ ᄯଋ֦លࢹ͗࠱ఝథၸnjᙉཨࢹ ᄉ̠Ὃ˶ਆਕ៘ҶᠪஊМࣰᬷܢࣱతὋ9ݘ ᝌኔڠᄉፂᰍὙ ͗థᄯଋଢੇᄉ̂ৰὋ̴ͭ Ϳᛠ˝ᐎᄩᄉᐋտᏬॶܢဗὋݜॸᮋኍҁࣱతὋᏪʿ௦ 9ݘ ࣱతࡂᖌ þԜὋੇ̾˝Եథᜁᜆ ͂ᐯ߿ੇథᡛܴᄉူὋੇఝ ੇᄉႠ᫇njÿڙФ̴Վ̂ʶಧ֖ ߿njࢹ͗˶੩ႂពᡱᤈੇᄉڱ३ҪᘠnjМՂ߿ὋտࢹᄉҪᘠˀ ᭉ᜵ࡂˉବүࠬයࢹ͗ᄉࣞ Ҫ ᄉ̍ฮ̠Ὃੇʿۋᄉ үnjʿὋᤇ͇̂ὋੇԦ Βnjᢵ˝ЦܢࣱᄉࢹͺᛪဗેᨈὋᏪ9ݘ ဗःឞ࠱ࢹ͗ͺʶ˓ஂବ ਆઁ̂ৰܷὋʿਆᝧѾ̠३ ځࣱፆోՐधݼὋڙϛ௦̖ ౝὋᑞ˝ੇ͂ଡΘࡂˉាᮤᄉ ੇ௦˓̂Ꮷnjੇ ʿ௦˝˿ᤜᝦ ڙὋݜ३МՂᄉϡกࠪ̅ᥦ̎ ᄰ ᝬোˀஂnjథܲࡂˉាᮤࣲ ᧚ᨐʼᄉ૮ܾὋᏪ௦ࠬයМࣰᄉڙతᒯతᘠ᧚ͤయஉ̖ϛὋͭ ᢅѢüᒽӜýnjڠСయ̮ᫍࢹͺᄉտࢹʿМࣰὋ̅௦Φ ʿழΦ֖ᄯ࡚ʼՂ̠Ҧᠪຸ य़᥄Һ ὙڦᎩܢᐈեὋ ᓩ˟ˌݘڠጲᮎ᫇ྕᕹˌnj˧ՐὋ9 ᦉᝦὋͭࢹ͗ᑞଡΘ֦ល֖ஂ ࢹ͗ᄉγὋ̾ԢᏬॶڙᐋᄉ ᖌ३КஜҪᘠnj ᄉளክ᥊njÿ ፋ˿ੇॡܷᄉҦ᧙njÿ XXXOUVDPSHTHBVOUJSJTܢݘ
16-20.indd 13 1/28/11 9:59 AM ᐋѸतѹయᄉҶࢹᆐቂጷǒڍǑ͕ᑇᤣҸúК Ǒ͕ ᑇ ᤣ ҸǒຆХըԦব
᳦ሑߌઐ᥊
ጩ˜ፑᛪᇧὋǑ͕ᑇᤣҸǒзᄉ ͗ѸतѹయὋ̾ԢҶࢹᆐቂጷበԓ ˶ᏪᝒὋܢ̠ ᄉኃʶᠪὋࠪࢹᤁځ ڸʿӬ௦ᐋࢹᤁҮᄉ̂Ὃ˶௦ளҪ ᄉ̂nj ௦ʶ͊ဢᄉࢹᤁԽԟᏥᠪnj ͉ࠪʹʶ˓ᝢᄽࠪय़ࢹͺᄉࢹˉСጆտᏪᝒὋᤇ௦ʶఴॸឳᄉ ߿ʿሧڱឬὙþ ௦ ੇ ͂ ᄉ ፂ ฿ Nj Ӑ ᗂͺnj̯ᤇఴ˹ὋԺ̾ਕԩҁጩ˜ፑͺ˝ʶՏࢹˉСጆտᄉ̴ ʹᤣҸ˖ଅᬓڙЊஓὋᦏॸᮋ֖ܲ థЙᛠځዴᇷԢҦnjၿ̯̅̂ᤇ͊ࢹͺᮋ᜵ॡܷᄉфॶ֖བὋ ᬱnjÿ ᄉ̠ܢ˶ःឞЎឳᤇఴ˹ὋຆЙ˿ᝌᤇ͊ࢹͺᄉবϡф߿nj Ҷࢹᆐቂጷበᄉࣱ̼Ὃࢹڙ ᤇ ఴ ˹ ˖ Ὃጩ ˜ úࢹˉˀనҫˉᬷᐎҝ੯ᛠማ˹షገሖ ڙ ʿ ற Ὃܾ ˉ ည ᰳ Ὃ̝Рࢹ͗Ԡథஊ෴ ፑឬ˿ܲ᧚ဋᓡᝒὋྱѾ௦ ᄫ ᄉ Ὃௐ ࡌ ᄰ ॆ Ү ᕤ njᢵ ˝ ኃ ʶ Ҷ ࢹˉСጆὋ̾ူܪʹС̴̅ݟ ࢹᆐቂጷᄉտὋጩ˜ፑʶधݼࣲ ௦̣˥ὋʶѬ Ԣݟʹˀࢹ͗ᮖ֖տډʿຌഁᒬࣁᄉᐋ᠉ᔴ ઝ͉๑տ ࢹतበСጆᄉឬពὋᦏԺᝧឳڙԵᑞ᭤ᒬࣁୖጉnjࣳὋ ڙᢵ˝ʶՏᛠஊᆐቂᎷᄉտὋጩ˜ፑፂԊᄉ̂Ὃ̾Ԣ ለѽ߽ᄉௐϊὋጌ ሤ˿ʶ߿ ܪ ူ Ҷ ᠪ Ꮷ̯˖ԩ৻njᙉཨᐋࢹᤁҮʿ ˝ࢹԣ́ԨለѽᄉዴᇷὋᝧੇਕҁॡڱ᭦ࠪʿՋူᄉ̂ৰௐὋ̮ ࣱڙnj றԦࡘὋͭጩ˜ፑڣጬᄉፂᰍὋԺ̾ีʼၸ ᑞ̯˖˿ᝌᐋ̴͂˝ځጩ˜ፑᛪᇧὋॆௐុҁҶࢹᆐቂ ̼ᄉፂᰍὋ̬ࠪ̅ᄉࢹᤁὋ ୭njੇҦᕚᤇఴ˹ፋథᄉ͖ͦˀՎ̂Ὃ ζὋԵథ˿ᝌԜὋᑞ˝ࢹڱጷὋԵ௦ॆͺ̂ˉᄉນయὋథᤈ ̮ཨ᭣࣡ၸnj ᄉበԢࢹˉСጆտᄉࢹͺবnjੇ ʽቷзǑ͕ᑇᤣ úᤴᓔˀ๑̂ࢹርᬷᐎ ԣ నҫὋѸतఝᎾݝᄉలnjځᛠសጹᄉेὋ ҸǒௐԵ ᑞ ᭤ ̎ ᭅ ᄉ ॹ njពᙉݟ ੯ᛠማ˹ౣሑ úᐋࡂˉˀᐋᑞ۱ᝪ˖ॶүူᎷ᫁ౣဋ၀ ᐋࢹڍὋᤇఴ˹̮Ժͺ˝˿ᝌК
በ˃ˉ̠ܢᇪᏅ ଡΘఝݝᄉనҫ
ా˞ࢹᐎᄉʹ ᠱ̀ᒬˉႂߔˀႂ٧ڙ ࢹᐎᄉˉՏ͗տ˖Ὃథʹ̠௦1.&Tnjֺ ᬓ˿ፘ፝˝ႂߔˀႂ٧ ̠ˉ˃Ὃ1.&T௦ 1.&TଡΘବүܰὋឞࢹᐎᄉˉႂߔˀႂ٧ڙὋ1.&T௦ʶᏅХథࢼܷ ᕹတឬὙþˉႂߔˀႂ٧ڙ ᇪᏅ࠱̈ҮᎩቢὋ˝ឞᇪᏅܢ ᇪ ʶᏅХథࢼܷᄉ̠njႂߔˀႂܢ̠ˉ˃ࢹᐎበˉᄉ̠njႂߔˀႂ٧ ॆڙលనҫnj֦ڣጲᐋڙࣞ ͗տଡΘڙᇪᏅὋைܢ̠ˉ˃ࢹᐎበˉ٧ ࣞү1.&TଡӣᑞҦὋԦ̴͂ᄉҦnj ү1.&TଡӣᑞҦὋԦ̴͂ᄉҦnj ᄉ ৰхʽὋࢹᐎ͗տԺၿࢹ͗Ѣ᭦ុڙᏅὋை ᬓ˿ʶጆ Ѵᄉ า Ү ܰὋੇ͂˶࣎భ1.&TᑞܴЌ ᬓ ˿ ʶ ጆ Ѵ ᄉ า Ү ܰ Ὃੇ ͂ ˶ ࣎ భ ᝌጬὋ̠Ҧᦉణᤂࠇ࣊ᄉ ᤴల Ҷᠪஊʻழុᝌ҃ᝌф᫇ᮤnjՎ܇ڠᤴలὋҮᤇ˓ᇪᏅᄉԦ 1.&TᑞܴЌ໗བৰNjሤ܇ڠ໗བৰNjሤ ࡘnj ὋҮᤇ˓ᇪᏅᄉԦࡘnjణጻὋੇ ௐὋ68&&*&1$࠱˞ҨጆѴᝮएˀᆐ ͂࣎భᑞ˗ࠜឞᇪᏅ1.&TᄉᅻខὋ ᝦ͗Ὃᝧ͗տఝ˝˿ᝌᒬࣁథᄉก ࢹᐎ੯ᛠማ˹ֺᕹတˉúႂߔˀႂ٧ ᠱ̴̀͂ᒬ˞ాὋ˝̴͂˞Ҩዴॐᄉ ।ాѽnjឞᇪᏅᄉ᫁ᤉᄫಕὋ௦ᬶՋ ˝ॸ᜵ௐڙาҮnjÿ థፂᰍNj֦លˀஂବὋ ͗տଡΘବүnj ˗ࠜᅻខ ᳦ሑߌઐ᥊ 68&&*&1$ᄉ͗տᑞՉሗ˃ ˞ҨዴॐาҮ ˉԦࡘาҮԢᛠஊᆐᝦ͗Ὃܘ̴ࣸ͂ ՎௐὋ68&&* &1$ᄉ͗տ࠱థ ःᐋࢹᤁҮՓఝܲ˃ˉ̠ ੯ ᛠ ̠ տ1 . & TὈଡ Θ ఝ ݝ ᄉ న ҫ nj ᄉˉЮᅻខNjࢹͺᑞҦԢ˓̠ᑞnj ͗߿యԟˀᄹႂॕኍՉᮉᇪ̓าҮnjֽ˝ ឞᇪᏅᄉըҮ̀यʼὋֺᕹတ˶ࠇ ᤇ̎าҮ˝̴͂ଡΘ̈ᄰ̓ึᄉࣰڙ ࢹᐎ᠈ҫ᫁ᬇˉNjፂ ူ Nj੯ ᛠ ̠ տ Ԣ ࢹ ͨ Ѣ ᝎ ᝇ ឞᇪᏅၿႂߔˀႂ٧ ܢ ߔnjړࢹᐎ˃ˉศ ԻὋᝧ̴͂ੰܷၶาˉࢹԣᐎՋ͗ Һᓡ᠆᠉nj ࣊Ѣႂߔˀႂ٧ˉᄉѲὋႂߔˀႂ٧ ᐋࢹ͗ҝ ѲὋ˝͗տଡΘܲЊᄉศὋ ᄫґὋ68&&* &1$ࣂథՏ͗ڍࣱతὋК ܢ̠ˉ˃ࢹᐎˉበ˿ႂߔˀႂ٧ ˉࢹᐎ੯ᛠማ˹ ᠪү̴͂ҁᖌᝢᄉ۱ᝪౝᤈνnj տὋឞᇪᏅ࣎భᑞխጩႂߔˀႂ٧ˉᇪᏅ68&&* &1$ὈὋ˗ࠜᅻខ ማ˹᫁Щႂߔˀႂ٧ ࠕʶ ܰὋᇪᏅ͗տҁᐋ়˷ሒ ̠థᬌ ᄉథ1.&TὋᝧ̴͂˶ᑞ̙థ͗տىF O S J D IὈNjᠱ ̀ᒬ˞ ాF N Q P X F SὈ ֺᕹတὋᤋՎጝՏ͗տˀ ᄉ0OFEFHSFFຣᓘο МՂԢ14#ߥᬒኍ۱ᝪౝνឳា ࿗థᄉለѽnjൗᅻសৰὋԺเXXXژڙԢ˞ҨዴॐาҮFYQFSJFODFὈʻ˓ ᡐ ຘ᥊Ὃ˝ឞᛠˉᄉ˃ˉ̠ܢNjፂူԢ ˬᦉ˿ឞᇪᏅᄉըҮ̀यnj ርௐὋ˶Ժ̙థ͕৻͈nj VXFFJFQDPSHnj
16-20.indd 14 1/28/11 9:59 AM ᐋѸतѹయᄉҶࢹᆐቂጷǒڍǑ͕ᑇᤣҸúК вʻਕ៘ጩ˜ፑ
ጷᗈ̂͗տ֖ᐋᛠஊᆐቂᎷζ੫ ̠ njՎ ௐ Ὃጩ˜ፑ˶ሤԟˀ ࣱᄉþဗ̼Ӑᆐᝦ͗ÿὋӨүᖿࠃʶݒ Ҫुࢹ֖͗ᐋ᠈ҫᑞҦᄉጆፑnj
᧗ႁನॶ͈Ϙ Ф Ὃᐋ ࢹ ᤁ Ү ᜵ ਕ ៘ ጩ ˜ ፑ ୨з˿Ǒ͕ᑇᤣҸǒnj ឞ˹ᄉЮࠓଡᧇੇ͂Ὃᬣᅋᮖ࠭ ࡎఝளὋੇ͂࠱ᄹҁܲளᑴߗnjʿ ὋଅᬓʹᬱὋ˝ࢹԣనҫԢ́Ԩለ ѽᄉ͈ϘNjឲ֖фॶॸᮋබ়ʿ ԪὋ˶࠱ʿ͗థஇԪnj ᐋࣻ̊ӠֆڙǑ͕ᑇᤣҸǒ Ѹᤴڙࣱ˧ᬄѢὋѾХ˦njੇ͂ లௐὋॸᮋᅻ᥊በᡛཁὋ̾Ԣల ᄉழՓnjՎௐὋ˶ःᅻ᥊ᒬࣁᄉԊnj ᤇఴ˹ଡᧇ˿ੇ͂ὋᐋడፂԊࡉᓢ ᣬὋ́Ԩࢹԣ֖ࢹᤁᮖᄉஂnj
۱ᐱࣱᣏʶ̼ ణ Ր Ὃᐋ ࢹ ᤁ Ү ˶ ᜵ ਕ ៘ ጩ ˜ ፑ࠱ள˹ᄉஅᄝ૫ͺþጩ˜͕ᡔݑߥ ᄉ͌ٹౣ။ၶࢺ̃Ὀ̼ᛪᐋࢹᤁҮՓጩ˜ፑԾ̃Ὀᒰ៘njࢺʶ˝ᐋґማ˹᫁ౣТὋԾʶ˝ᐋ͗᫁ॳ۱ӧnj ᧚ÿnj ܰ Ὃ˶᜵ਕ៘ਦᝌ njܢѾ̠˓֖ˉ ௐࢹॆ˝ځ᳦ሑߌઐ᥊ ҶࢹᆐቂጷᄉበὋ௦ ߿ᬶͳӨᝫὋ̾Ԣˀᬷ˞ᄉӨڙ͗ Χᤈڙᐋࢹ͗ማ˹᫁ౣ။ၶ̅ጩ njੇ̼ᛪᐋࢹᤁҮՓፑᛪᇧ៘ ᠇nj ኍழ᭦ὋᤔѬᮋ᜵ବүᏪڍК ᄉ ҶᠪСጆNj˝ࢹԣ֖͗տ́Ԩለѽழܢௐᄉ᠈ஊᦉ᫁իࣻ။ӯॆڙ ࣱతˠᛠᄉள˹ njÿڙፑ˜ ̭͗ʼὋвʻਕ៘ፑࠪࢹᤁᄉ᠇ ߶ ଅʽὋጩ˜ፑˀʶጷМҫտ֖ࢹᤁ ᭦˶ᮋӨុ֖ፑʶnj nj ࠪᐋࢹᤁҮ᠇ܷ ࣱ࣯̂̅በளᄉҶࢹᆐቂጷὋ ̬ܸὋҶࢹᆐቂጷࣂஇՏ˝ᐋ ᐋ ᯪЎὋᐋࢹᤁҮ᜵ਕ៘ጩ˜ፑ ࣱࣲ̅˝ឞӬͮᄉᎷ᫁nj̴̅ ᛠஊᆐቂᎷݼࣱ̅ὈὋᐋտ̠ ڍ ឬὙþǑ͕ ᑇ ᤣ Ҹ ú К̴ ᄉڙҪᒯဗܘҁМРనҫᦉ᫂ՐὋ̮ፘ፝ ஜࣱ̯ᄉ̠ὋٿҶࢹᆐቂጷѸतѹయੵᄉЎ ࣱڙ ѸतѹయᄉҶࢹᆐቂጷǒኤ ሥǑ͕ ࢹᤁᄉ᧗᜵ԟᏥᠪ ᝇᓣὋ̾Ԣ̴ࠪᐋ֖ࢹᤁԦࡘᄉ ˀࢹᤁγᐎጆὋЎՐ˝Ҷࢹᆐቂ ጝ̠ӉહՏࢹˉСጆտὈnjڍᑇᤣҸǒὈ௦ੇ
ࢹᤁᮖథʽာௐᫍ
߿ᄉʽာௐᫍnjڌᤁҮᄉࣱᣏ̠థʹतᝫnjፑᛪᇧὙ ͗ࢹͺᏧὋథ ᥄͗;ࣞүѾ̠ᄉር˖Ὃڙþ᜵˝ᐋࢹᤁҮᄉʶ͊ߔὋॸᮋథ þ న ҫ ̠ Ꮕ ᄉ ਕ njᤇ ࡂ ݝ ඊ ॆ ஓ ҁܲʿՋူᄉ᜵යὋଋᝎҁܲʿ ࣍ Ὃݟ ౦ థ ஓ ݝ ߥ ၶ ᄉ ਕ Ὃ௦ ԩᤀᄉ̠Ὃͭᤆ௦ॸᮋ᭦ࠪʿ ก̯̂ᤇ͊ࢹͺᄉnjÿ ᑞ ឬ Ὑ̊ ཁ ˿Ὃੇ ឞ ʽ ာ ˿nj̯ ̂ ࢹ ҁࠑ˖ᤆ௦᜵ਆᅋݟʹᝌٿጩ˜ፑᤆᛪᇧὋҪЙࢹᤁὋஓᐱ ᤁὋԀ පࣰʿ௦С᪃Ὃణ᧗᜵ᄉ௦థథన ф᫇ᮤnjÿ ҫ ܷ ͔ ᄉ ॶ njݟ ౦ Ꭴ ˫ ᤇ ͊ ॶ Ὃࢹͺ ʽԜnj ѕᐐҦڱᐯ߿ॡᬱ ๑ຠࢹԣڸኔளҪٿڙࠪពnj ጩ˜ፑܢள˹̭͗ʼˀࢹᤁ̠ڙጩ˜ፑԾʻὈ ᳦ሑߌઐ᥊ ྲྯ ᐎՋ͗үူ᠈ҫ᫁ᬀડገథСࢹᤁᮖ ጩ˜ፑᤆ࣎భὋᐋࢹᤁҮᄉտ ॸᮋХܫ̣˥ገᄉ᫇ᮤௐὋ̾ᐋ ጩ˜ፑࣱ̅తˠᛠᄉ ʽာௐᫍnj ᦏᑞ˿̯̂ࢹᤁᄉ˦nĵ̯ࢹᤁὋ ᯪ͉ማ˹᫁ᗓїᥦ˝ΒὋૈѢࢹᤁ ࠪពௐૈ ᐋ᭞ࣱԦࡘᎷᯪࣝ੯ᛠտ͉ ʿ௦ࡘဗాҦὋᏪ௦̶Ѣௐ֖ᫍዴҦὋ ᮖॸᮋ̾ᢵͺѶὋ३ˀ̠Ὃణܢள˹̭͗ʼˀࢹᤁ̠ ࢹԣᏅ˖ѸᤴѕᐐҦnjڙѢὋࢹᤁᮖ᜵థਕὋʿᑞਆᅋ ᩆ᫇ጩ˜ፑὋࠪ̅థҪЙᐋࢹ ࣞүࢹԣᝌф᫇ᮤnjࢹᤁᮖ࿆ݟᇪ ᧗᜵ᄉ௦᜵
16-20.indd 15 1/28/11 9:59 AM 1 ͈D].*$" ࣱత
Ǒ͕ ᑇ ᤣ Ҹǒ
᳦ሑߌઐ᥊
ᐋࣻᇶበ̊ӠֆࣱὋጩ˜ፑ̅ڍᦠՋК˝ ᐋڍࣱతԦ̴࣊୨зᄉள˹Ǒ͕ᑇᤣҸúК ज़Ҷࢹុڙᮎ˿ॆ̴ࣱٿѸतѹయᄉҶࢹᆐቂጷǒὋ ᆐቂጷᐋᛠஊᆐቂᎷᄉґᢵὈࢹͺᄉߔnj ڸᒰជௐឬὙþੇ࣎భᘧၿ˹ὋᝧளҪڙጩ˜ፑ ʶԜҶࢹᤁҮᄉৰхὋࣲខҁ̬ᄉᓡݝҶ̠ ᠪСጆὋ௦ࢹ͗Ў͂ᬶͳҰҦᄉ౦njࡂݟሗி֖ ʿူܪஓាᮤʶಧὋ֖ះᄉҶᠪСጆࣲ᭣ူॆཨὋᔩ ॆὋੇ͂˧ґᄉҰҦ౦࠱๖ܾ൰ࡉnjÿ
ՓࢹᤁЎᒰ ࣱڙԑᮅᄉᗂͺ˖Ὃፑॹᤗ˿ॆࡌڙ ԢឞጷጺੵᄉᝇᓣnjځతበҶࢹᆐቂጷᄉԓ ࢹ͗̂ࠁௐ᥄ҁᄉૌੌNjူܪڙៀԢ̴ॆࣱ˶˖˹ ࢹᤁᮖ֖ᡙ̂ὋФ˖̴ྱѾ᜵Փᐋኃʶ͉ማ˹᫁ ڱᗓїᥦᒰnj̴ૈѢὋᔩʿ௦ᗓїᥦ֖ܲࢹᤁՎং ߿ʿሧNjҁऄὋࡂกᡴᡔ᧗᧗ᄉᬩᆽὋतበᡐ̬ ̬̠ ःឞ᜵ࠪᥦ˓ ᄉᐋnj ᐋڍథᡙԠЌ໗ӿᬖᄉࣱ̼థ ጩ˜ፑ˶ਕ៘ࢹᤁጷጺፋ̴͗ԟˀК ᤇ˓ ̠̽ Т ᄉ ር˖Ὃੇ֖Չጞ ڙᄉѸतnj̴ឬὙþ ʶ߿ᄉᝢខnjੇे˿ Ѿᄉࢹᤁ̠ܢतበᡐ˿ຆԑᄉԣេnjੇॡᰳТὋੇ͂ᄉ ३ᄉ̠֖̂Ὃ࣎భឳᏧᑞ̯ ԣৰፂ३ᡐௐᫍᄉᏥᰍὋ̠֖ܲੇᒯ̬̮థज़njÿ ᐋѸतѹయᄉҶҮᆐቂጷǒڍԦဗʶ̎థᡙ։֖థ͈ Ǒ͕ᑇᤣҸúК˖ Ϙᄉˋ᜴nj ᣑ˿ᐋѸतௐయᄉ᧗ܷ͇֖̂ኃʶԽὋХథॡᰳ úጩ˜ፑ ᄉԟᏥ͈Ϙnj˝Ὃᐋф߿ѫԦʶఴፋథᄉࢹᤁ ᮖԢᐋᛠஊᆐቂᎷᄉᐋտឳnjࣱ̯త Չܷ˹ࡌ᠓३˹Ὃ͈˝ඇఴЊڙᡐὋඞ͔˶Ժ դ ๖ ሯὈnj
ኃ ள˹அᄝ૫ͺݑߥ᧚ ᐋѸतѹయᄉҶࢹᆐቂጷǒᄉஅᄝὋЌ ͺþ ጩ ˜ ͕ ᡔ ݑ ߥ ᧚ ÿὋ̾ᐯ߿Ԣ۱ᝪК ᮅڍጩ˜ፑф߿࠱ӭǑ͕ᑇᤣҸúК ᐋࢹ͗ᛠஊᆐቂᎷᄉᐋտὋ̯ᏪҪुឞᎷᄉࠃҦnjڍ þጩ˜͕ᡔݑߥ᧚ÿᒯ̬ࣂ̯͌ˉႌ֖˓̠૫үᏧኡ३ͷʹЊὋ̴͂࠱ᖌ३ፑᄉ̝ቷኣՏ˹nj ࣱधݼὋᐋᛠஊᆐቂᎷ࠱ඇࣱᮑԦణܲʻ͊ݑߥ᧚ὋᝧឞᎷտࢹνឳҶᠪஊӨͺԢࢹ͗ᮖ࠭ኍˀᐋࢹᤁҮᄰСᄉា вʻਕ៘̬̯ ርnjႁឯᏧॸᮋᒰҦ̅ᐋࢹᤁҮnj ᐋᛠஊᆐቂᎷႂҦˀචˉᬷտᐎՋ͗ᰳጞࢹˉСጆտᬀ੦Ұʷ ࡦὈឬ ὙþᐋᛠஊᆐቂᎷѢጩ˜͕ᡔݑߥ᧚Ὃ ጩ˜ፑ ሤ ಫ ۱ ˀ γ ႐ ̠ ὋᝧੇਕҁॡᰳТnj˝˿ᡱʼʿறஇԪᄉፂ฿्ҸὋੇ͂ॸᮋʿறᒬੇଡӣnjࠪᐋᛠஊᆐቂᎷᄉտࢹ ᏪᝒὋݑߥ᧚ᆷࠃᑞ༎Ҵੇ͂ˀௐοᤈὋ˝ܷ ࠑనҫnjÿ
16-20.indd 16 1/28/11 9:59 AM