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NBA Comeback Clutchness: Real or Just Noise?

Sandy Huang and Toa Lohe

Introduction

In his last NBA game, famously scored 60 points against the to lead the Lakers to a 101-96 victory. was entertaining not just because Kobe scored lots of points but because of how he scored those points. Let us set the scene. With about three minutes remaining in the 4th quarter, the Lakers were down 10 points, and it seemed that Kobe would likely end his career with a loss despite having already scored 45 points. He, however, surprised us all by proceeding to score 15 straight points for the Lakers, a brilliant capstone performance to end a legendary 20-year career in the NBA.1 At the end of the night, Kobe reminded everyone of why many of us watch sports in the first place: to feel the emotional suspense of seeing people struggle against—and sometimes even overcome—seemingly improbable odds.2 This ability to overcome seemingly improbable odds is what we often nebulously call clutchness. Inspired by Kobe’s last game, our final project quantified the clutchness of NBA players. In particular, we were interested in situations in which a player’s team was either behind by 5 points (or less) or tied (but not ahead) in the last 5 minutes of the 4th quarter (or ). Let us refer to this particular subset of clutchness as comeback clutchness. In contrast to comeback clutchness is escape clutchness—when a player’s team is either ahead by 5 points (or less) or tied (but not ahead) in the last 5 minutes of the 4th quarter (or overtime). We made this particular distinction between comeback clutchness and escape clutchness because of both our assumption that there is a psychological difference between these two scenarios that significantly impacts how players perform and the fact the NBA does not provide data on situations where teams are only behind/ahead and not tied. Finally, one of the main aims of our project is to find out whether special comeback clutchness performances (e.g. Kobe’s last game) can be repeated or if their manifestations are just noise (i.e. random).

Background

Previous work on NBA clutchness has been done by 82games3 and Liberty Ballers4 (a SB Nation for the 76ers). The first study done by 82games focused on the most clutch players in terms of field goals attempted, points scored, effective percentage, drawing ability, and shooting. The second study done by 82games focused on plus- minus, win-loss record, rebounding, passing, and shot creation (based on unassisted field goals made per 48 minutes). The third study done by 82games focused on the difference between non- clutch and clutch moments, PER (Player Rating), and opposing player PER. Lastly, the study done by Liberty Ballers focused on clutch shooting. None of these four studies, however, focused on comeback clutchness.

1 For the sake of Kobe’s mythology, let’s ignore the officiating shenanigans at the end (e.g. the Laker’s setting hilariously illegal screens on the Jazz’s ). 2 Seth Partnow of VICE Sports more eloquently defined it as “[t]hat anticipation, the moment just before the roller coaster tips over the crest of the big drop [...] the thrill that keeps us coming back.” https://sports.vice.com/en_au/article/kobe-bryant-majored-in-drama-not-math 3 http://www.82games.com/clutchplayers.htm http://www.82games.com/clutchplay2.htm http://www.82games.com/clutchplay3.htm 4 http://www.libertyballers.com/2012/2/29/2832299/lebron-james-kobe-bryant-dwyane-wade-clutch--playoffs-4th-quarter 2

Methods

By using “Clutch Traditional Stats” 5 and “Clutch Advanced Stats”6 provided by the NBA, we formulated a comeback clutchness version of Justin Kubatko’s Win Shares statistic (i.e. the estimated of wins a player produces for his team).7 Below are all the necessary conditions for a player’s stats to be included in our analysis: 1) The statistic is accumulated in the last 5 minutes of the 4th quarter (or overtime). 2) The player’s team is either behind by 5 points (or less) or tied (but not ahead). 3) The player has played in at least a total of 50 minutes. In order to normalize for the total number of minutes played by each player, we also calculated comeback clutchness Win Shares Per 48.8 To calculate Win Shares, Offensive Win Shares are added to Defensive Win Shares. Below are the details of calculating Offensive Win Shares and Defensive Win Shares:

Player Points and are already included in the player data provided by the NBA.9 Additionally, Team Minutes10 and Team Pace11 are already included in the team data provided by the NBA. Below is a table detailing how to calculate the other statistics:

Statistic Calculation Player Possessions Player Pace12 ÷ 48 × Minutes Played × Usage Rate13 Team Defensive Possessions Opponent’s Total Points14 ÷ Team Defensive Rating15 × 100 League Points Per Possession Total League Points ÷ Sum of Each Team’s (Pace ÷ 48 × Minutes Played) League Total League Points ÷ (Total Minutes Played ÷ 48) League Pace Sum of Each Team’s (Pace ÷ 48 × Minutes Played) ÷ (Total Minutes Played ÷ 48)

5 Comeback clutchness traditional player filter for analysis of 2015-2016 season: http://stats.nba.com/league/player/#!/clutch/?CF=MIN*GE*50&Season=2015- 16&SeasonType=Regular%20Season&AheadBehind=Behind%20or%20Tied&PerMode=Totals 6 Comeback clutchness advanced player filter for analysis of 2015-2016 season: http://stats.nba.com/league/player/#!/clutch/advanced/?Season=2015- 16&SeasonType=Regular%20Season&AheadBehind=Behind%20or%20Tied&CF=GP*GE*10 7 http://www.basketball-reference.com/about/ws.html 8 Divide by the total number of minutes played and then multiplying by 48 9 See footnotes 5 and 6 10 Comeback clutchness traditional team filter for analysis of 2015-2016 season: http://stats.nba.com/league/team/#!/clutch/?Season=2015- 16&SeasonType=Regular%20Season&PerMode=Totals&AheadBehind=Behind%20or%20Tied 11 Comeback clutchness advanced team filter for analysis of 2015-2016 season: http://stats.nba.com/league/team/#!/clutch/advanced/?Season=2015- 16&SeasonType=Regular%20Season&AheadBehind=Behind%20or%20Tied 12 See footnote 6 13 See footnote 6 14 Comeback clutchness opponent team filter for analysis of 2015-2016 season: http://stats.nba.com/league/team/#!/clutch/opponent/?Season=2015- 16&SeasonType=Regular%20Season&AheadBehind=Behind%20or%20Tied&PerMode=Totals 15 See footnote 11 and Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_rating 3

In addition to this first analysis of comeback clutchness, we also conducted subsequent analysis on the value of comeback clutchness, the difference between comeback clutchness and escape clutchness, the difference between comeback clutchness and regular performance, and the repeatability of comeback clutchness. The value of comeback clutchness was measured as the differential between comeback clutchness Win Shares Per 48 and regular season Win Shares Per 48. The difference between comeback clutchness and escape clutchness was measured by using F-tests and t-tests, and the same method was used for the difference between comeback clutchness and regular performance. Finally, the repeatability of comeback clutchness was measured as the year-to-year correlation. We did these analyses for every season since the 2001-2002 season and also looked at comeback clutchness plus-minus and PIE (Player Impact Estimate).16

Results

Comeback clutchness for the 2015-2016 season:

Top 10 Comeback Clutchness (WS/48) Bottom 10 Comeback Clutchness (WS/48) 1) (1.10) 1) (-0.92) 2) (1.06) 2) Brandon Knight (-0.59) 3) (1.06) 3) Al-Farouq Aminu (-0.45) 4) (0.90) 4) (-0.41) 5) (0.87) 5) Trevor Booker (-0.33) 6) LeBron James (0.85) 6) (-0.29) 7) (0.79) 7) Rajan Rondo (-0.28) 8) (0.78) 8) PJ Tucker (-0.27) 9) (0.70) 9) (-0.23) 10) (0.69) 10) (-0.22)

Value of comeback clutchness for the 2015-2016 season:

Top 10 Differential (WS/48) Bottom 10 Differential (WS/48) 1) Andre Drummond (0.97) 1) Isaiah Canaan (-0.95) 2) Draymond Green (0.87) 2) Brandon Knight (-0.64) 3) Klay Thompson (0.76) 3) Mason Plumlee (-0.55) 4) Stephen Curry (0.75) 4) Al-Farouq Aminu (-0.54) 5) Dirk Nowitzki (0.73) 5) Damian Lillard (-0.46) 6) Deron Williams (0.71) 6) Trevor Booker (-0.45) 7) Chandler Parsons (0.67) 7) Rajan Rondo (-0.36) 8) Jeff Green (0.64) 8) (-0.36) 9) LeBron James (0.61) 9) Khris Middleton (-0.33) 10) (0.60) 10) (-0.32)

16 PIE’s explanation can be found here: http://stats.nba.com/help/glossary/ 4

Comeback clutchness for the past 15 seasons:

Top 5 Players by Comeback Clutchness Win Shares Per 48 Season 1 2 3 4 5 2015-2016 Andre Drummond Stephen Curry Draymond Green Klay Thompson Dirk Nowitzki 2014-2015 2013-2014 Greivis Vasquez Mike Conley Dirk Nowitzki Damian Lillard 2012-2013 Jeff Green LeBron James 2011-2012 Roy Hibbert 2010-2011 Dirk Nowitzki Manu Ginobili Serge Ibaka 2009-2010 LeBron James Kobe Bryant Dirk Nowitzki 2008-2009 Pau Gasol Kobe Bryant 2007-2008 LeBron James Amar'e Stoudemire Jeff Green 2006-2007 Dirk Nowitzki Jason Terry 2005-2006 Chauncey Billups 2004-2005 Chauncey Billups Tyson Chandler Kenny Thomas 2003-2004 Kobe Bryant Shaquille O'Neal Metta World Peace 2002-2003 Jason Terry Chauncey Billups Shareef Abdur-Rahim 2001-2002 Raef LaFrentz Dirk Nowitzki

Bottom 5 Players by Comeback Clutchness Win Shares Per 48 Season 1 2 3 4 5 2015-2016 Isaiah Canaan Brandon Knight Al-Farouq Aminu Mason Plumlee Trevor Booker 2014-2015 Jr. Jeremy Lin 2013-2014 Gordon Hayward Ben McLemore Zaza Pachulia 2012-2013 Greivis Vasquez 2011-2012 Brandon Knight 2010-2011 Kirk Hinrich Stephen Curry Monta Ellis 2009-2010 Manu Ginobili Tayshaun Prince 2008-2009 Peja Stojakovic Andrea Bargnani Rasheed Wallace 2007-2008 Rashad McCants Chris Kaman 2006-2007 2005-2006 Luke Ridnour 2004-2005 Tim Thomas Jarvis Hayes Keith Bogans Tony Parker 2003-2004 Toni Kukoc 2002-2003 Jason Richardson 2001-2002

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Value of comeback clutchness for the past 15 seasons:

Top 5 by Comeback Clutchness Win Shares Per 48 Differential Season 1 2 3 4 5 2015-2016 Andre Drummond Draymond Green Klay Thompson Stephen Curry Dirk Nowitzki 2014-2015 Joakim Noah Roy Hibbert Pau Gasol Zach Randolph Jimmy Butler 2013-2014 Greivis Vasquez Mike Conley Paul Pierce Klay Thompson 2012-2013 Jeff Green Paul Pierce Chris Bosh Ray Allen 2011-2012 Andrew Bynum Joe Johnson Udonis Haslem Roy Hibbert Zaza Pachulia 2010-2011 Mo Williams Dirk Nowitzki Tyson Chandler Manu Ginobili Jeff Green 2009-2010 Kobe Bryant LeBron James Dirk Nowitzki Marc Gasol 2008-2009 Jason Terry Pau Gasol Tony Parker Rashard Lewis 2007-2008 LeBron James Stephen Jackson Jeff Green 2006-2007 Josh Howard Dirk Nowitzki Jason Terry Samuel Dalembert Jason Kapono 2005-2006 Keith Bogans Chris Kaman Earl Boykins Rasheed Wallace 2004-2005 Ben Gordon Tyson Chandler Chauncey Billups Kenny Thomas Kirk Hinrich 2003-2004 Kobe Bryant Shaquille O'Neal Metta World Peace 2002-2003 Tony Battie Tony Delk Jason Terry 2001-2002 Raef LaFrentz Ervin Johnson Ryan Bowen Antonio Davis Dirk Nowitzki

Bottom 5 by Comeback Clutchness Win Shares Per 48 Differential Season 1 2 3 4 5 2015-2016 Isaiah Canaan Brandon Knight Mason Plumlee Al-Farouq Aminu Damian Lillard 2014-2015 Rudy Gay Jeremy Lin Andre Drummond Chris Paul Jordan Hill 2013-2014 Ricky Rubio Gordon Hayward Trey Burke Ben McLemore 2012-2013 Greivis Vasquez Ryan Anderson Jared Dudley 2011-2012 Brandon Jennings Kris Humphries Tayshaun Prince Monta Ellis 2010-2011 Kirk Hinrich Stephen Curry Dorell Wright Luke Ridnour Monta Ellis 2009-2010 George Hill Manu Ginobili Tyreke Evans Deron Williams Mike Bibby 2008-2009 Jason Richardson Steve Nash Chris Paul Peja Stojakovic 2007-2008 Rashad McCants Anthony Parker Carlos Delfino Tim Thomas Chris Kaman 2006-2007 Dahntay Jones Amar'e Stoudemire Luther Head Jarvis Hayes DeShawn Stevenson 2005-2006 Luke Ridnour Donyell Marshall Steve Blake Rashard Lewis Jumaine Jones 2004-2005 Tim Thomas Tony Parker Kobe Bryant Carlos Boozer Jarvis Hayes 2003-2004 Bobby Simmons Toni Kukoc Michael Finley Damon Jones 2002-2003 Lamar Odom Corey Maggette Elton Brand Andre Miller 2001-2002 Bob Sura Bryon Russell Mark Jackson Mike Miller

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Difference between comeback clutchness and escape clutchness (includes past 15 seasons):

F-Test Two-Sample for Variances t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Escape Clutchness Comeback Clutchness Escape Clutchness Comeback Clutchness Mean 0.399744153 0.314479098 Mean 0.399744153 0.314479098 Variance 0.116108959 0.115400413 Observations 1630 1630 Variance 0.116108959 0.115400413 Pooled Variance 0.115754686 Observations 1630 1630 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 3258 df 1629 1629 t Stat 7.154521473 F 1.006139892 P(T<=t) one-tail 5.16225E-13 P(F<=f) one-tail 0.450852491 t Critical one-tail 1.645321462 P(T<=t) two-tail 1.03245E-12 F Critical one-tail 1.084946995 t Critical two-tail 1.960692388

Since F < (F Critical one-tail), the variances of the two samples are equal, and, since (t Stat) >> (t Critical two-tail) and the p-value << 0, player performance in comeback clutchness situations is significantly different from that of escape clutchness situations.

Difference between comeback clutchness and regular performance (includes past 15 seasons):

F-Test Two-Sample for Variances t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances

Comeback Clutchness Regular Performance Comeback Clutchness Regular Performance Mean 0.283649742 0.11589044 Mean 0.283649742 0.11589044 Variance 0.120707021 0.002725993 Variance 0.120707021 0.002725993 Observations 1862 1862 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 Observations 1862 1862 df 1945 df 1861 1861 t Stat 20.60443832 F 44.28001294 P(T<=t) one-tail 8.74521E-86 t Critical one-tail 1.645637431 P(F<=f) one-tail 0 P(T<=t) two-tail 1.74904E-85 F Critical one-tail 1.079261758 t Critical two-tail 1.961184408

Since F >> (F Critical one-tail) and the p-value = 0, the variances of the two samples are unequal, and, since (t Stat) >> (t Critical two-tail) and the p-value ≈ 0, player performance in comeback clutchness situations is significantly different from that of regular performance situations.

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Year-To-Year Correlation using comeback clutchness WS/48:

R2 = 0.02 (no correlation)

Year-to-Year Correlation using comeback clutchness WS/48 differential:

R2 = 0.01 (no correlation)

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Discussion

Looking at our results, we seem to have produced some pretty intuitive results—and also some very counterintuitive results. For instance, in the 2015-2016 season, Andre Drummond had both the highest comeback clutchness Win Shares Per 48 (1.10) and the highest comeback clutchness Win Shares Per 48 differential (0.97). To be clear, this means Drummond’s regular season Win Shares Per 48 was 0.13.17 This is a very counterintuitive result given that opposing teams often hack Drummond near the end of games (i.e. foul him on purpose to send him to the free throw line where he shoots an abysmal 37.1%). It could be the case, however, that Drummond’s comeback clutchness is so high because teams who are ahead may be less likely to employ the hacking strategy and thus Pistons coach Stan Van Gundy is not forced to take Drummond out of the game. It could also be the case that Drummond is often taken out of the game immediately after the first hacking foul and thus his comeback clutchness numbers are inflated. Other counterintuitive results include random appearances in the top five by some very marginal players18 and bottom-five appearances by some marquee players in their prime like Damian Lillard (2015-2016 season), Chris Paul (2014-2015 season), Manu Ginobili (2009-2010 season), and Kobe Bryant (2004-2005 season).19 In contrast to these counterintuitive results, we produced very intuitive ones like Stephen Curry, Draymond Green, and Klay Thompson being in the top five for both comeback clutchness Win Shares Per 48 and comeback clutchness Win Shares Per 48 differentials. Teams like the Mavericks who repeatedly won close games were also rewarded in our rankings (e.g. Dirk Nowitzki, Deron Williams, and Chandler Parsons) while an awful team like the was represented by their guard Isaiah Canaan. Finally, the ever efficient LeBron James appears in both of our 2015-2016 rankings.

Conclusions

Comeback clutchness is just noise (i.e. rarely repeatable) given its non-existent year-to- year correlation. It is, however, significantly different from both regular season performance and escape clutchness. The latter result confirms our assumption that there probably exists a psychological difference between playing behind and playing ahead that significantly impacts player performance, especially when it comes to clutch situations. Extensions of our project include performing the same kinds of analyses but with adjusted plus-minus and PIE. By using adjusted plus-minus, one could better account for differences in competition. By using PIE, our hypothesis is that more intuitive results can be gained (i.e. less random appearances in the top five by very marginal players), at least according to our preliminary analysis20 of PIE. A downside, however, to using adjusted plus-minus and PIE is that neither statistic really tells you how many wins a player can produce for their team (although one could potentially argue that this is also true of Win Shares Per 48).

17 1.10 – 0.97 = 0.13 18 Specifically: Greivis Vasquez, Udonis Haslem, Zaza Pachulia, Jason Kapono, Keith Bogans, Earl Boykins, Kenny Thomas, Tony Battie, Tony Delk, Raef LaFrentz, Ervin Johnson, Ryan Bowen, Antonio Davis, Jared Jeffries, Nick Collison, and Alvin Williams 19 Along with Steve Nash (2008-2009 season), Rashard Lewis (2005-2006 season), Tony Parker (2004-2005 season), Carlos Boozer (2004-2005 season), Michael Finley (2003-2004 season), Lamar Odom (2002-2003 season), Elton Brand (2002-2003 season), John Wall (2012-2013 season), Brandon Jennings (2011-2012 season), Deron Williams (2009-2010 season), and Mike Miller (2001- 2002 season) 20 Looking at the top players for each of the last fifteen seasons 9

Appendix

Top 5 Players by Comeback Clutchness Offensive Win Shares Per 48 Season 1 2 3 4 5 2015-2016 Stephen Curry Andre Drummond Jeremy Lin 2014-2015 Dirk Nowitzki LaMarcus Aldridge James Harden 2013-2014 Mike Conley James Harden Damian Lillard Chris Bosh 2012-2013 Dirk Nowitzki Ray Allen Jeff Green Jimmy Butler 2011-2012 Andrew Bynum Kobe Bryant Nene Dwight Howard 2010-2011 Dirk Nowitzki Mo Williams Manu Ginobili Jason Richardson 2009-2010 Kobe Bryant LeBron James Joe Johnson Steve Nash Dirk Nowitzki 2008-2009 Zach Randolph Jason Terry Kobe Bryant Tony Parker Paul Pierce 2007-2008 LeBron James Stephen Jackson Manu Ginobili 2006-2007 Zach Randolph Chauncey Billups Jason Kapono Dirk Nowitzki 2005-2006 Jason Terry Earl Boykins Primoz Brezec Chauncey Billups 2004-2005 Ray Allen Ben Gordon Earl Boykins Larry Hughes Chauncey Billups 2003-2004 Kobe Bryant Metta World Peace Shareef Abdur-Rahim 2002-2003 Shaquille O'Neal Derek Anderson Jason Terry Dirk Nowitzki 2001-2002 Dirk Nowitzki Ray Allen Antoine Walker

Top 5 Players by Comeback Clutchness Defensive Win Shares Per 48 Season 1 2 3 4 5 2015-2016 Draymond Green Andre Drummond Jeff Green Reggie Jackson LeBron James 2014-2015 Joakim Noah Roy Hibbert Zach Randolph Luc Mbah a Moute 2013-2014 Greivis Vasquez Joakim Noah Kirk Hinrich Taj Gibson 2012-2013 Chris Bosh Kevin Garnett Paul Pierce Avery Bradley 2011-2012 Udonis Haslem Roy Hibbert Zaza Pachulia 2010-2011 Mo Williams Tyson Chandler Jason Kidd Tim Duncan Serge Ibaka 2009-2010 Marc Gasol Jared Jeffries Lamar Odom Mike Conley 2008-2009 Hedo Turkoglu Pau Gasol Dwight Howard Rashard Lewis Lamar Odom 2007-2008 Jeff Green Shaquille O'Neal Chris Paul Nick Collison 2006-2007 Josh Howard Dirk Nowitzki Jason Terry Monta Ellis Andre Miller 2005-2006 Keith Bogans Chris Kaman Elton Brand Chauncey Billups 2004-2005 Tyson Chandler Kirk Hinrich Ben Gordon Stephen Jackson 2003-2004 Shaquille O'Neal Kobe Bryant Al Harrington Reggie Miller Jermaine O'Neal 2002-2003 Tony Battie Tony Delk Antoine Walker 2001-2002 Ryan Bowen Raef LaFrentz Ervin Johnson

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Bottom 5 Players by Comeback Clutchness Offensive Win Shares Per 48 Season 1 2 3 4 5 2015-2016 Robert Covington Derrick Rose Khris Middleton Isaiah Canaan Brandon Knight 2014-2015 Derrick Rose Rudy Gay Michael Carter-Williams 2013-2014 Brandon Jennings Ramon Sessions Ben McLemore 2012-2013 John Wall Carlos Delfino Jared Dudley 2011-2012 Brandon Jennings O.J. Mayo Jason Kidd 2010-2011 Luke Ridnour Vince Carter Tony Parker Brandon Jennings DeMarcus Cousins 2009-2010 Eric Gordon Jamal Crawford Aaron Brooks 2008-2009 Metta World Peace Rasheed Wallace Baron Davis LaMarcus Aldridge Jason Richardson 2007-2008 Kirk Hinrich Antonio McDyess Chris Kaman Dwyane Wade 2006-2007 Luther Head Jason Kidd Hedo Turkoglu Jameer Nelson 2005-2006 Jumaine Jones Anthony Johnson Raef LaFrentz Deron Williams 2004-2005 Keith Bogans Kobe Bryant Tony Delk 2003-2004 Toni Kukoc Michael Finley Eric Williams Jamal Crawford 2002-2003 Darius Miles Larry Hughes Troy Hudson 2001-2002 LaPhonso Ellis Bryon Russell Baron Davis

Bottom 5 Players by Comeback Clutchness Defensive Win Shares Per 48 Season 1 2 3 4 5 2015-2016 Isaiah Canaan Mason Plumlee CJ McCollum Damian Lillard Brandon Knight 2014-2015 Jeremy Lin Tim Hardaway Jr. Jordan Hill James Harden 2013-2014 Trey Burke Gordon Hayward Corey Brewer Ricky Rubio Zaza Pachulia 2012-2013 Ben Gordon Ryan Anderson Chris Paul Jamal Crawford Anthony Davis 2011-2012 Kris Humphries Monta Ellis Greg Monroe Brandon Jennings Brandon Knight 2010-2011 Kirk Hinrich Stephen Curry Dorell Wright Monta Ellis DeMar DeRozan 2009-2010 Tyreke Evans Mike Bibby George Hill Jason Richardson 2008-2009 Jason Richardson Steve Nash Chris Paul Peja Stojakovic 2007-2008 Rashad McCants Anthony Parker Carlos Delfino 2006-2007 Amar'e Stoudemire LaMarcus Aldridge Dahntay Jones DeShawn Stevenson Jarvis Hayes 2005-2006 Donyell Marshall Rashard Lewis P.J. Brown Luke Ridnour Steve Blake 2004-2005 Tim Thomas Carlos Boozer Manu Ginobili Jarvis Hayes 2003-2004 Bobby Simmons Ray Allen Damon Jones Steve Nash 2002-2003 Lamar Odom Corey Maggette Andre Miller Elton Brand 2001-2002 Bonzi Wells Bob Sura Bryon Russell Erick Dampier