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Detailed Table of Contents Foreword..............................................................................................................xii Preface................................................................................................................xxii Chapter 1 Giving.Robots.a.Voice:.Testimony,.Intentionality,.and.the.Law............................1 Billy Wheeler, University College London, UK Humans.are.becoming.increasingly.dependent.on.the.‘say-so’.of.machines,.such.as. computers,.smartphones,.and.robots..In.epistemology,.knowledge.based.on.what.you. have.been.told.is.called.‘testimony’.and.being.able.to.give.and.receive.testimony.is.a. prerequisite.for.engaging.in.many.social.roles..Should.robots.and.other.autonomous. intelligent.machines.be.considered.epistemic.testifiers.akin.to.those.of.humans?. This.chapter.attempts.to.answer.this.question.as.well.as.explore.the.implications. of.robot.testimony.for.the.criminal.justice.system..Few.are.in.agreement.as.to.the. ‘types’.of.agents.that.can.provide.testimony..The.chapter.surveys.three.well-known. approaches.and.shows.that.on.two.of.these.approaches.being.able.to.provide.testimony. is.bound.up.with.the.possession.of.intentional.mental.states..Through.a.discussion. of.computational.and.folk-psychological.approaches.to.intentionality,.it.is.argued. that.a.good.case.can.be.made.for.robots.fulfilling.all.three.definitions. Chapter 2 Girls.Building.Androids.and.Robots:.Equality.in.STEM.With.the.Media. Program.Annedroids..............................................................................................35 Maya Götz, International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI), Germany Diana Iulia Nastasia, Southern Illinois University – Edwardsville, USA J. J. Johnson, Sinking Ship Entertainment, Canada There.is.still.a.considerable.degree.of.catching.up.to.do.in.regards.to.fostering. gender. equality. within. areas. of. STEM. (Science,. Technology,. Engineering,. and. Math)..Children’s.leading.medium,.television,.could.offer.role.models.of.girls.with. competence.in.STEM.areas,.but.unfortunately.television.programs.often.miss.this. chance..The.children’s.television.series.Annedroids.is.a.notable.exception..This.chapter. provides.insight.into.how.children.can.be.educated.about.gender.equality.in.STEM. with.the.aid.of.gender-sensitive.media.programs.such.as.Annedroids..The.chapter. examines.data.from.a.reception.study.which.was.conducted.under.the.leadership.of. the.International.Central.Institute.for.Youth.and.Educational.Television.(IZI).with. 6-.to.12-year-old.children.in.the.United.States.and.Canada.(N.=.301)..The.research. is.enhanced.by.a.conversation.between.Dr..Maya.Götz,.Head.of.IZI;.Dr..Diana. Nastasia,.a.contributor.to.the.IZI.research;.and.J..J..Johnson,.the.program’s.creator. Chapter 3 Are.You.Really.a.Child?.Androids.and.Cyborgs.in.Japanese.Comics.and. Animations............................................................................................................65 Natalia Dmitruk, University of Wrocław, Poland A.multitude.of.genres.and.types.of.characters,.in.Japanese.comics.and.animated. series,. suggests. many. thought-provoking. themes;. i.e.,. questions. about. human. nature..Many.artists.can.see.the.answers.to.these.questions.in.artificial.humans.–. both.cyborgs.and.androids..In.this.research,.the.author.analyzes.Japanese.texts.of. popular.culture.in.which.artificial.children.are.the.protagonists.of.the.stories..The. author.aims.to.compare.a.child.figure.in.sociological.discourse,.considered.there. as.vulnerable,.to.the.representations.in.manga.and.anime,.in.which.characters.are. created.as.children.or.technologically-modified.prepubescents..In.this.chapter,.the. author.presents.ideas.and.culture.associations.for.the.concepts.of.android.and.cyborg.. The.chapter.focuses.also.on.analysis.of.the.characters.from.Japanese.comic.books. and.animations.–.both.androids.and.then.cyborgs.–.according.to.transhumanistic. and.posthumanistic.theories..The.analysis.results.in.a.conclusion.that.a.child.figure. is.dehumanized.in.the.context.of.cyborg.and.android.child.protagonists. Chapter 4 Mecha-Media:.How.Are.Androids,.Cyborgs,.and.Robots.Presented.and. Received.Through.the.Media?..............................................................................96 Roger Andre Søraa, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway How.are.robots,.androids.and.cyborgs.presented.and.received.in.the.media?.This. chapter.applies.a.social.media.analysis.to.this.question.by.using.empirical.research. on.news.stories.that.feature.robotic.technologies.to.see.how.robots.are.presented,. consider.what.reporters.focus.on.when.writing.about.robots,.and.review.how.the. public.discusses.and.receives.robots..The.theoretical.framework.utilised.focuses. on. how. robot. narratives. are. framed,. how. robot. controversies. are. presented. in. different.media,.and.how.robots.are.domesticated.through.the.media..The.two.main. cases.are.a.“robot.hotel”.in.Japan,.and.a.“killer.robot”.at.a.Volkswagen.factory.in. Germany..News.coverage.of.both.stories.shows.widely.differing.ways.for.how.the. robot-narrative.is.framed. Chapter 5 Mechanology,.Mindstorms,.and.the.Genesis.of.Robots.....................................120 Chris Chesher, University of Sydney, Australia This. chapter. examines. the. emergence. of. educational. robotics,. drawing. on. the. philosophy.of.technology.of.Gilbert.Simondon..In.the.1950s,.Simondon.argued. that. the. dominant. understandings. of. technology. are. personified. in. the. popular. imaginings.of.the.robot..These.attitudes.are.polarised.between.simple.instrumentalism,. and.dystopian.anxiety.about.technology.overcoming.humankind..To.improve.the. conceptualisation.of.technics.he.took.an.approach.called.mechanology,.developing. a.suite.of.concepts.that.grasped.technology.in.new.ways:.technological.genesis;. the.margin.of.indetermination;.lineages.of.abstract.and.concrete.technologies;.and. the.associated.milieu..These.concepts.are.useful.in.understanding.the.tradition.of. educational.robotics.starting.in.the.1970s,.with.Seymour.Papert’s.‘turtle’.robot. serving.as.a.resource.for.learning.mathematics..Since.the.1980s,.LEGO’s.Mindstorms. kits.have.introduced.learners.and.consumers.to.robotics.concepts..Since.the.1990s,. theorists.of.embodied.cognition.in.the.2000s.have.made.use.of.Mindstorms.to.draw. attention.to.the.limits.of.symbolic.intelligence. Chapter 6 Cyborgization:.Pros.and.Cons............................................................................138 Liudmila Vladimirovna Baeva, Astrakhan State University, Russia & Saint Petersburg State University, Russia The.image.of.the.cyborg.in.modern.society.is.being.formed.from.the.standpoint. of.modern.scientific.developments.and.media.culture:.the.various.phenomena.of. e-culture..The.article.presents.an.overview.of.current.research.related.to.understanding. the.nature.of.cyborgs,.a.philosophical.analysis.of.the.socio-humanitarian.aspects. of.the.process.of.cyborgization,.the.arguments.pro.and.contra..The.problem.of. cyborgization.considered.in.the.context.of.transformation.of.gender,.immortality. and.ethics,.etc..Special.attention.is.paid.to.the.study.of.the.image.of.the.cyborg.in. modern.mass.culture,.from.cinema.to.computer.games. Chapter 7 Could.Robots.Feel.Pain?.How.Can.We.Know?..................................................151 Bruce MacLennan, University of Tennessee, USA This.chapter.considers.the.question.of.whether.a.robot.could.feel.pain.or.experience. other.emotions.and.proposes.empirical.methods.for.answering.this.question..After. a.review.of.the.biological.functions.of.emotion.and.pain,.the.author.argues.that. autonomous.robots.have.similar.functions.that.need.to.be.fulfilled,.which.require. systems.analogous.to.emotion.and.pain..Protophenomenal.analysis,.which.involves. parallel.reductions.in.the.phenomenological.and.neurological.domains,.is.explained. and.applied.to.the.“hard.problem”.of.robot.emotion.and.pain..The.author.outlines. empirical.approaches.to.answering.the.fundamental.questions.on.which.depends. the. possibility. of. robot. consciousness. in. general.. The. author. then. explains. the. importance.of.sensors.distributed.throughout.a.robot’s.body.for.the.emergence.of. coherent.emotional.phenomena.in.its.awareness..Overall,.the.chapter.elucidates.the. issue.of.robot.pain.and.emotion.and.outlines.an.approach.to.resolving.it.empirically. Chapter 8 Graphical.User.Interface.for.the.Control.of.a.Biped.Robot................................176 Claudio Urrea, Universidad de Santiago, Chile Carlos Cortés Mac-Evoy, Bertrand AG, Germany & Volkswagen AG, Germany The.design.and.implementation.of.a.graphical.user.interface.(GUI).for.the.control.and. operation.of.a.biped.robot.is.presented..This.GUI.allows.establishing.communication. between.the.user,.the.robot.and.a.computer.(controller).so.that.the.robot.can.perform. bipedal.walking.without.the.need.to.introduce.commands.that.are.not.user-friendly.. The.developed.graphic.interface.permits.the.user.to.carry.out.tasks.operating.on.the. robot.without.having.to.resort.to.commands.that.are.not.easy.to.use..This.interface. was. created. using. the. MATLAB-Simulink. software. and. it. presents. important. advantages.compared.to.the.manual.operation.of.a.robot. Related References............................................................................................ 190 Compilation of References............................................................................... 228 About the Contributors.................................................................................... 281 Index................................................................................................................... 285.