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Evangelos Venizelos

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Evangelos Venizelos Evangelos Venizelos Grecia, Ministro de Exteriores y viceprimer ministro Duración del mandato: 25 de Junio de 2013 - de de Nacimiento: Tesalónica, Macedonia Central, 01 de Enero de 1957 Partido político: PASOK Profesión : Profesor de Derecho ResumenEvangelos Venizelos, uno de los pesos pesados de la política griega, lidera desde 2012 el Movimiento Socialista Panhelénico (PASOK), antes el partido más poderoso de Grecia y hoy, con 40 años de existencia, abocado a la irrelevancia y tal vez a la desaparición. Este experto constitucionalista de físico corpulento y verbo firme, ministro multicartera en siete gobiernos de su formación, tuvo como mentor al viejo caudillo socialista Andreas Papandreou y luego sostuvo una rivalidad intermitente con el hijo de este, Georgios Papandreou, del que fue titular de Defensa y de Finanzas hasta su renuncia como primer ministro en 2011, previamente a la sucesión al frente del partido y en plena vorágine de la gran crisis económica y financiera que estaba asolando Grecia.Como ministro de Finanzas entre 2011 y 2012, primero a las órdenes de Papandreou y después con el tecnócrata Loukas Papademos, Venizelos negoció con la Troika de la Comisión Europea, el BCE y el FMI los términos del segundo rescate crediticio de Grecia, que incluía una quita parcial de deuda soberana. Desde 2013, cuando accedió a integrarse en un Ejecutivo de gran coalición, coopera estrechamente con el primer ministro del partido conservador Nueva Democracia, Antonis Samaras, en calidad de viceprimer ministro y ministro de Exteriores. Como tal, ha intentado diluir la perspectiva de un tercer plan de salvamento internacional del país, no obstante barajado por el Eurogrupo, tras el fracaso o la insuficiencia de los dos primeros en el ajuste de la gigantesca deuda pública.El compromiso asumido por su líder, quien justifica este respaldo por responsabilidad de Estado, con la ejecución del traumático programa de austeridad y reformas estructurales prescrito a la intervenida Grecia, unido a los escándalos de corrupción, costó al PASOK unos resultados desastrosos en las dos elecciones generales consecutivas de 2012, y una auténtica debacle en las europeas de 2014. Ahora, en enero de 2015, Venizelos afronta unos comicios anticipados que, entre la sangría de votos en beneficio de la SYRIZA de Alexis Tsipras y la defección de Papandreou, que concurre con su nuevo Movimiento de Socialistas Demócratas (KIDISO), podrían dar la puntilla a su agrupación.(Texto actualizado hasta enero 2015) http://www.cidob.org 1 of 9 Biografía 1. Una dilatada experiencia jurídica y gubernamental 2. Ministro de Finanzas con Papandreou y Papademos durante la catástrofe económica de Grecia 3. Líder del PASOK y número dos del Gobierno Samaras de gran coalición 1. Una dilatada experiencia jurídica y gubernamental Hijo de una familia macedonia de apellido famoso pero sin parentesco con la histórica dinastía de estadistas liberales griegos (Eleftherios Venizelos, siete veces primer mimistro entre 1910 y 1933, y su hijo Sofoklis, quien ocupara el cargo dos décadas después), el joven Evangelos Venizelos se formó en Derecho por la Universidad Aristóteles de Tesalónica, en la que ingresó justo después de la restauración democrática de 1974, y la Universidad Panthéon-Assas (París II), donde desde 1978 cursó estudios de posgrado. Estuvo implicado en el movimiento estudiantil de izquierdas opuesto a la dictadura de los Coroneles y posteriormente representó al alumnado de la Universidad de su ciudad natal. En 1980 recibió el título de doctor en Derecho y ese mismo año, a los 23, contrajo matrimonio con Lila A. Bakatselou, una abogada recién titulada e hija de un potentado industrial de Tesalónica; la pareja iba a tener una hija, Elvina. A lo largo de la década de los ochenta, Venizelos impartió docencia de Derecho Constitucional en la Universidad Aristóteles y en 1984 consiguió la plaza de catedrático. En calidad de abogado del Estado ejerció en el Consejo de Estado y el Tribunal Supremo de la República Helénica. Además, formó parte de las juntas del Centro Nacional de Administración Pública, el Banco Nacional de Grecia y el Comité de Radios Locales. Su producción intelectual ha incluido desde entonces numerosos artículos, monografías, manuales lectivos y papers académicos sobre diversos aspectos del Derecho, las Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, los medios de comunicación y la cultura, las políticas gubernamentales de Grecia y la integración europea. Su tesis más conocida, ampliamente divulgada en su etapa de ministro de Cultura antes de las Olimpiadas atenienses de 2004, es que Grecia, cuna de Occidente y lugar de encuentro con Oriente, es una "civilización de civilizaciones". La política llamó a Venizelos por la puerta jurídica en 1989, cuando fue contratado por Andreas Papandreou, líder del Movimiento Socialista Panhelénico (PASOK) y primer ministro hasta julio de aquel año, para que llevara su defensa penal en el llamado caso Koskotas, gran escándalo de corrupción por el que el veterano dirigente fue desaforado, procesado y sentado en el banquillo por los cargos de corrupción pasiva, encubrimiento de patrimonio privado e instigación moral de la malversación de 210 millones de dólares de los fondos del Banco de Creta. En enero de 1992 terminó con un veredicto de inocencia el juicio a Papandreou, en el curso del cual Venizelos, dado a conocer a la opinión pública griega como un abogado elocuente e incisivo, defendió a su ilustre cliente con eficacia. Impresionado por las dotes del treintañero, Papandreou se apresuró a reclutarlo para el PASOK estando su caso aún en la fase procesal. Así, en 1990 Venizelos se convirtió en miembro del Comité Central del partido y tres años después, con Papandreou completamente exonerado por la justicia y listo para retornar triunfalmente al poder, fue incluido en las listas electorales socialistas como candidato a diputado por Tesalónica. Los comicios del 10 de octubre de 1993, que dieron una gran victoria al PASOK frente a su adversario de la derecha, el partido Nueva Democracia (ND) de Konstantinos Mitsotakis, marcaron un hito en las carreras de quienes establecieron una relación de mentor y protegido. Papandreou, septuagenario, volvió a ser ministro después de habérsele dado por desahuciado políticamente y Venizelos, 38 años más joven, debutó como diputado del Vouli o Parlamento, http://www.cidob.org 2 of 9 amén de viceministro de la Presidencia y portavoz del Gobierno que su jefe constituyó el 13 de octubre. A partir de aquí, Venizelos empezó a coleccionar cometidos gubernamentales uno detrás de otro. Para empezar, en julio de 1994 Papandreou le ascendió a miembro del Gabinete como titular del nuevo Ministerio de Prensa y Medios. En los meses que fungió al frente de este departamento, el abogado, que al parecer tenía en mente a sus paisanos y electores de Tesalónica, se distinguió por su intransigencia nacionalista en la sensible cuestión de la ex república yugoslava de Macedonia, siendo uno de los miembros del Gobierno más identificados con la polémica decisión de imponer un embargo comercial al país vecino con el pretexto de que el Gobierno de Skopje, al exhibir simbología nacional asociada a la figura de Alejandro Magno y meramente emplear la denominación de Macedonia para su Estado, albergaba propósitos irredentistas sobre la región griega del mismo nombre. Presionado por los socios europeos, Papandreou se avino a una postura más flexible y el 13 de septiembre de 1995 Grecia y Macedonia adoptaron un Acuerdo Interino por el que la segunda aceptaba cambiar de bandera nacional y la primera levantaba el bloqueo comercial y admitía prestar un reconocimiento básico, aunque el veto de Atenas a la fórmula República de Macedonia para designar al Estado miembro de la ONU se mantuvo intacto. No por casualidad, a los dos días de firmarse el acuerdo en Nueva York Venizelos vio cambiada su posición en el Gabinete, donde pasó a ser el ministro de Transportes y Comunicaciones. La mudanza el 22 de enero de 1996 de Papandreou, gravemente enfermo, por Kostas Simitis supuso para Venizelos otro cambio de cartera. Su nuevo ministerio, el de Justicia, parecía el más adecuado a su formación académica y experiencia profesional, pero le duró poco más de siete meses, pues en septiembre de 1996 Simitis, con el mandato victorioso de las elecciones generales anticipadas, formó un segundo Gobierno en cuyo seno prefirió tener a Venizelos como responsable de Cultura y Deportes. El diputado tesalonicense, que simultáneamente realizó en el Vouli un trabajo destacado en el proyecto de reforma constitucional a lo largo de la legislatura, se mantuvo en este puesto ejecutivo hasta enero de 1999, cuando tomó las riendas del Ministerio de Desarrollo, Energía, Industria, Comercio, Turismo y Tecnología. Simitis dejó temporalmente fuera del Gobierno a Venizelos tras las elecciones, ganadas por el PASOK por tercera vez consecutiva, de abril de 2000. El paréntesis duró poco: el 20 de noviembre del mismo año Venizelos estuvo de vuelta en Cultura y Deportes para cubrir la baja de Theodoros Pangalos, el antiguo ministro de Exteriores, blanco de las críticas por sus arranques desabridos y sus excesos verbales. El primer ministro confió a Venizelos un portafolio descollante, en una Grecia siempre celosa de su patrimonio cultural, y que en las actuales circunstancias revestía una alta responsabilidad: Venizelos tenía la misión de coordinar la organización de los XXVIII Juegos Olímpicos, a celebrar en Atenas en agosto de 2004 y que en el contexto de los ataques terroristas del 11-S
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