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CHINQUAPIN the Newsletter of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society CHINQUAPIN The Newsletter of the Southern appalachian Botanical Society Volume 25 (2) Summer 2017 Linnaean Taxonomy and a New Search for Oconee Bells by Amy Hackney Blackwell events of 1789, France), Michaux kept working with his plants. He Linnaeus may have been the fa- returned to France in 1796; most ther of taxonomy, but his taxonomy of his dried specimens survived the is not our taxonomy. I didn’t really inevitable shipwreck and made it to appreciate this until the Botanica the Jardin des Plantes. Caroliniana team (Patrick McMil- The Jardin’s historic herbarium lan, Christopher Blackwell, and I) has recently been renovated. Though got into the Michaux collections at the exterior of the building remains the Jardin des Plantes – and couldn’t unchanged (the other entrance is find the Oconee Bells. still marked “Phanerogamie”), the This trip (summer 2014) was interior has been completely reno- funded by a grant from the Andrew vated and updated. The herbarium Mellon Foundation. The purpose collections are now in climate-con- of the grant was to teach historical trolled rooms on bright yellow botany as an exploration of the Lib- movable metal shelves. eral Arts, a union of history, botany, and computer science. Much The collections themselves, though, are still filed as they must of our funding paid for a summer undergraduate research experi- have been ence focused on the botanical collections of Joseph Lord (Dorches- some years ter, SC, 1707-1710), but it also allowed us to travel to Europe for ago – in paper collaborative meetings. Patrick gave a talk on our Catesby work at folders with the Natural History Museum in London, Chris gave another talk at paper labels. the British Library, and we met with colleagues in the Royal Botan- The volumes ic Gardens at Kew and the Hamburg Botanischer Garten. are organized Best of all, we got to spend several days at the Jardin des Plantes according to in Paris, where the wonderful curator Cécile Aupic met us at a door the classifica- marked “Cryptogamie” and led us to the massive André Michaux tion scheme herbarium. Michaux used André Michaux (1746-1802) was born in Versailles. After for his Flora studying with Bernard de Jussieu, he somehow got himself named Boreali Amer- a government botanist, tasked with traveling the world seeking icana. The top valuable plants. (Where are these gigs today?) In 1785 France sent level of the him to the brand new United States of America. The government organization wanted oaks, which the French navy desperately needed for its fight is Linnaean against the British. class. Within Great botanist that he was, Michaux didn’t just look at oak trees. each class are He collected thousands of plant specimens and founded a botanical subdivisions garden near Charleston, SC, from which he shipped numerous by orders, North American plants to France. He almost participated in the which are Lewis and Clark expedition, but he lost that job when Thomas marked by Jefferson had second thoughts about putting a Frenchman in bits of paper charge. Even when his salary got cut off due to a regime change (see Oconee Bells continued on Page 11 10 Chinquapin 25 (2) The Newsletter of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society SABS Officers and Executive Council Castanea Editorial Board For full addresses, see http://sabs.us/about/officers From The Editor’s Desk: Joe Pollard, Newsletter Editor The Editor in Chief of our journal Casta- Charles N. Horn nea, Christopher P. Randle, is assisted by the I missed it. No, not the summer dead- President (2016-2018) following subject editors: Newberry College line for Chinquapin, though I missed that (803) 321-5257, fax (803) 321-5636 too. I missed the Great American Eclipse Ecology [email protected] of 2017. As you might have heard, I’m Mary Carrington spending the year on sabbatical in En- Brian Keener Governors State University gland. Nothing noteworthy happened in University Park, IL President-Elect (2017-2018) the sky here on August 21. We were on University of West Alabama Beverly Collins the fringe of the partial eclipse path, and (205) 652-3796 Western Carolina University [email protected] it was cloudy (big surprise). Greenville, Cullowhee, NC South Carolina, where I normally live and Kunsiri “Pum” Grubbs work, was right in the path of totality, had Floristics Treasurer (2016-2019) clear weather, and made a great show of it. Wayne Barger Winthrop University Oh well. Having a total eclipse in my own Alabama Department of Conservation 803-323-2111 x6437 home town is a once in a lifetime opportu- Montgomery, AL [email protected] nity, but eclipses are not that rare. Maybe Alexander Krings (beginning 2018) in 2024 I’ll see the next one predicted to North Carolina State University Michael E. Held Membership Secretary (2015-2018) occur in the United States. Raleigh, NC Saint Peter's University Predicted. That’s an interesting word. (201) 761-6432 Scientists evaluate evidence and use their Physiology [email protected] findings to make explanations and predic- Jennifer Boyd tions. I think Neil deGrasse Tyson is an University of Tennessee-Chattanooga Jay Bolin excellent communicator of scientific ideas Chattanooga, TN Recording Secretary (2016-2019) and information. Eleven days before the Jonathan Horton Catawba College eclipse, he commented “ Odd. No one is University of North Carolina at Asheville (704) 637-4450 Asheville, NC [email protected] in denial of America’s Aug 21 total solar eclipse. Like Climate Change, methods Systematics Lisa Wallace & tools of science predict it.” And among Member at Large (2016-2018) the many corollaries of that prediction Leo Bruederle (beginning 2018) Mississippi State University are rising sea levels, higher risks of coastal University of Colorado, Denver (662) 325-7575 flooding, and more frequent, intense Denver, CO Tyler Smith [email protected] storms. I’m sure you can see where I’m Agriculture Canada going here. Stephanie Jeffries Ottawa, ON Member at Large (2016-2018) Hurricane Harvey brought unprece- North Carolina State University dented rainfall and flooding to Texas and Book Reviews (919) 515-7994 Louisiana. As I write this, Hurricane Irma Allison Cusick [email protected] has just been declared the most powerful Carnegie Museum of Natural History Atlantic hurricane ever recorded, and Pittsburgh, PA Jonathan Horton massive destruction seems inevitable And Member at Large (2017-2019) in case you’ve missed it among these more Shawn Krosnick (Systematics) and University of North Carolina at Asheville local events, an unprecedentedly severe (828) 232-5152 Robert Carter (Floristics) will step down at [email protected] monsoon season in South Asia has already the end of the year. Their service to SABS is killed nearly 1,300 people and affected 45 appreciated. Christopher P. Randle million others. Editor-in-Chief of Castanea (2014-2017) So far, I’ve been lucky enough to miss Sam Houston State University being a victim of these horrific tragedies. I (936) 294-1401 have friends in these areas, and I am sure “We did not domesticate [email protected] that there are members of SABS who have wheat. It domesticated us.” been affected, among millions of others. Joe Pollard I hope all of us will consider offering our Sapiens: A Brief History of Editor of Chinquapin (2015-2018) Furman University thoughts, prayers, and donations to help Humankind. (864) 294-3244 the victims. Can our society learn any- Harper, 2015. [email protected] thing from the experience? Only time will tell. On the web at sabs.us Chinquapin 25 (2) 11 Oconee Bells continued from Page 9 stuck in between folders. The Jussieu 7545.” genera are contained in individual Following this handwrit- manila folders, which can contain ten clue, we located the actual numerous specimens. specimen in the nearby Jussieu Of course we started by looking materials. Its note read: “hautes for the elusive Oconee Bells. Most montagnes de la Caroline. Donné readers probably know the story par M. Michaux 1797, cueilli par of the discovery of Shortia galaci- lui en 1787.” So there we were. folia – Michaux found the plant And the genus? Pyrola. Of near the Keowee River in 1787 course…. but didn’t name it. Asa Gray later We spent three full days in the saw his specimen in Paris and herbarium and photographed all named it after Kentucky botanist the Michaux materials, nearly Charles Short based on its resem- 2900 specimens. These photo- blance to galax. We needed to see graphs are online, and the rest is this famous specimen! very much a work in progress. But we couldn’t find it. What’s Patrick and I have begun the work more, we didn’t even know what of making modern determina- it was called. tions. I’ve created a catalog of the I know, this sounds stupid. But current organization, including we were helpless in the face of transcribing the handwritten Linnaean taxonomy. We’d have notes and type determinations been much better off if we had and cross references to Michaux’s prepared by reading the article by Flora Boreali Americana. We’ll be Charlie Williams and co-workers posting the catalog on the Botani- (cited below), but we started our ca Caroliniana website. Shortia quest on a whim, and we These materials contain fodder didn’t have Internet. for endless student projects, proj- I am fairly new to the field ects that are not mere exercises, of plant taxonomy – I started but real contributions to human studying it at Clemson with knowledge. There are a number Patrick McMillan in 2009 – and I quickly realized that I knew of type specimens. There are handwritten labels with comments on nothing about early taxonomic schemes.
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