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Plant Response to Stress Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center Research Collection Report Plant response to stress Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center Author(s): Amrhein, Nikolaus; Apel, Klaus; Baginsky, Sacha; Buchmann, Nina; Geisler, Markus; Keller, Felix; Körner, Christian; Martinoia, Enrico; Merbold, Lutz; Müller, Christine; Paschke, Melanie; Schmid, Bernhard Publication Date: 2013 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-009779047 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Zurich - Basel Plant Science Center PLANT RESPONSE TO STRESS Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center Authors: Nikolaus Amrhein, Klaus Apel, Sacha Baginsky, Nina Buchmann, Markus Geisler, Felix Keller, Christian Körner, Enrico Martinoia, Lutz Merbold, Christine Müller, Melanie Paschke, Bernhard Schmid PLANT RESPONSE TO STRESS PLANT RESPONSE TO STRESS Zurich-Basel Plant Sciences Center Authors: Nikolaus Amrhein, Klaus Apel, Sacha Baginsky, Nina Buchmann, Markus Geisler, Felix Keller, Christian Körner, Enrico Martinoia, Lutz Merbold, Christine Müller, Melanie Paschke, Bernhard Schmid 2012 Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center PSC Universitätstrasse 2 8092 Zurich, Switzerland Tel +41 44 632 60 22 Email [email protected] Web http://www.plantsciences.ch DOI: //dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-009779047 Terms of Use: This publication is published under a Creative Commons License of “Attribution, Non-Commercial - Share Alike”: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- sa/2.5/ch/. Others can download, redistribute and alter this work following the terms of license as long as there is attribution of the authors and a link back to the Zurich- Basel Plant Science Center: http://www.plantsciences.ch/education/e_learning/press_online. Table of Contents HOW TO USE THIS BOOK ...................................................................................................................................... 8 THE STRESS CONCEPT IN BIOLOGY (C. KÖRNER) ....................................................................................... 10 TOPIC 1: DEFINITION OF STRESS ............................................................................................................................................. 10 TOPIC 2: DISTINCTION BETWEEN STRESS AND DISTURBANCE .......................................................................................... 12 TOPIC 3: LIMITATION AND STRESS ......................................................................................................................................... 12 TOPIC 4: PLANT RESPONSE TO STRESS .................................................................................................................................. 14 TOPIC 5: THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND THE ECOLOGICAL OPTIMUM ...................................................................................... 17 TOPIC 6: HOW PLANTS COPE WITH STRESS .......................................................................................................................... 17 TOPIC 7: THE ECOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF STRESS ........................................................................................................... 19 TOPIC 8: THE SCIENCE OF STRESS BIOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 21 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 STRESS RESPONSES AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL: THE EXAMPLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS (K. APEL) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 TOPIC 1: THE DEFINITION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS ............................................................................................................... 24 TOPIC 2: PLANTS CAN QUENCH EXCESSIVE LIGHT THROUGH SEVERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATIONS TOPIC 3: TYPES OF ROS ........................................................................................................................................................... 32 TOPIC 4: ROS UNDER STRESS AND ROS SCAVENGERS ........................................................................................................ 36 TOPIC 5: THE BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF ROS: ROS AS MESSENGERS IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION ..................................... 39 TOPIC 6: THE H2O2/SINGLET OXYGEN SIGNALING NETWORK AFTER EXCESSIVE LIGHT ............................................. 41 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................................................... 44 STRESS RESPONSES AT THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LEVEL: GENE REGULATION AND GENE EXPRESSION AFTER DROUGHT AND TEMPERATURE STRESS (S. BAGINSKY, M. GEISLER, M. PASCHKE) ................................................................................................................................................................. 46 TOPIC 1: STRESS RESPONSE AT THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LEVEL: ADJUSTING PROTEIN LEVELS TO PREVAILING CONDITIONS – REGULATORY LEVELS OF GENE EXPRESSION ....................................................................... 46 TOPIC 1A: TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL ............................................................................................................................... 47 TOPIC 1B: TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL (=POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL) ............................................................. 53 TOPIC 1C: POST-TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL ......................................................................................................................... 57 TOPIC 2: THE ROLE OF PROTEINS IN STRESS RESPONSE .................................................................................................... 58 TOPIC 3: THE MOLECULAR RESPONSES OF THE PLANT CELL: PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATION AND ACCLIMATIONS? 65 TOPIC 4: FROM RNA TO PROTEINS TO METABOLITES: THE CENTRAL ROLE OF PROTEOMICS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 66 TOPIC 5: PROTEOMICS CONCEPTS ........................................................................................................................................... 67 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................................................... 69 RESPONSES TO DROUGHT STRESS FROM THE CELLULAR TO THE WHOLE-PLANT LEVEL (N. AMRHEIN, F. KELLER, E. MARTINOIA) ............................................................................................................ 72 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................... 72 5 TOPIC 1: PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPIRATION ............................................................................................................................. 73 TOPIC 2: THE CELLULAR LEVEL – SIGNAL PERCEPTION OF THE DROUGHT SIGNAL, ENDOGENOUS FORMATION OF ABSCISIC ACID, AND ABA-MEDIATED EXPRESSION OF DROUGHT-RESPONSIVE GENES ............................................... 74 TOPIC 3: COMPATIBLE SOLUTES – OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT OF PLANT CELLS ................................................................. 76 TOPIC 4: PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATION OF STOMATAL OPENING AND CLOSURE UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS ...... 80 TOPIC 5: REGULATION OF STOMATAL OPENING AND CLOSURE UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS ................................. 84 TOPIC 6: MODIFICATIONS AND EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATIONS IN RESPONSE TO DROUGHT STRESS AT THE WHOLE- PLANT LEVEL .............................................................................................................................................................................. 87 TOPIC 7: CAM PLANTS – EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO HOT AND ARID CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 88 TOPIC 8: FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATIONS AND ACCLIMATIONS TO MODIFICATIONS ........................................... 91 TOPIC 9: SALINITY CAUSES WATER DEFICITS IN PLANTS .................................................................................................. 92 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................................................... 94 STRESS AT THE POPULATION LEVEL: RESPONSES TO DROUGHT AND ‘DENSITY STRESS’ (M. PASCHKE, B. SCHMID) .......................................................................................................................................... 97 TOPIC 1: HOW CAN AN ENVIRONMENT BECOME STRESSFUL FOR PLANTS IN A POPULATION? ................................... 97 TOPIC 2: ‘DENSITY STRESS’ IN POPULATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 98 TOPIC 3: HOW DO PLANT POPULATIONS RESPOND TO ‘DENSITY STRESS’? ...................................................................
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