ST AUGUSTINES MISSION GREAT FAMINE REFORMATION St Augustine’s mission to King Brought about by a series of oods and plagues England breaks from the Roman Aethelbert of Kent marks the resulted in widespread famine aecting not just Catholic Church, followed by the beginnings of Catholicism Britain but also much of Europe dissolution of the monasteries, with URBANISATION the last monastery closed in 1540 BATTLE OF HASTINGS 20% of the population are urban. There are also SKARA BRAE The Norman army led by technological developments in LATE Earliest villages in William defeated the during this time ANGLO-SAXON INDUSTRALISATION such as Skara Brae BRONZE AGE MIDDLE BRONZE Anglo-Saxon King Harold particularly in ranges IRON AGE EARLY HILLFORTS PERIOD CRUSADES Wide spread manufacturing where 10 Neolithic houses have BEGINS AGE began the Norman POST-MEDEIVAL INTRODUCTION OF THE BEGINS ABANDONED EARLY 597 AD In 871 Britain was uni ed into conquest in England A series of religious wars ENGLISH 1315- 1317 AD changes occurred in Britain during been excavated First arrival of Bronze Age Marked by large scale cultural ROMAN DECLINE PERIOD ROMAN one Kingdom under Alfred the this time, with a move away from “NEOLITHIC PACKAGE INTO BRITAIN” ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD MIDDLE between Christians and PRINCE OF WALES 1540 AD OVENS IN ORKNEY in Britain, also changes and the increased First arrival of Iron Age While early hillforts do OCCUPATION Roman military forces in Great, urbanisation continued, Muslims led to increased PEASANTS REVOLT The Post-Mediaeval period hand production towards associated with large scale diversity in cereal grains and other After Roman occupation ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD Domesticated plants and technology in Britain, Hillforts appear to be largely and Roman towns were Edward I declared his son machines, this revolution resulted The earliest evidence of ovens Nearly 100 years after Britain begins to decline, England consisted of a number Social strati cation increased contact with the Middle east is considered to have animals as as and forest clearance and the domesticated crops indicating as a new form of settlement abandoned at this time Tensions generating from the KNIF AND FORK there is also a reduction recommissioned into new more and brought new foods and Edward the Prince of Wales in started between in economic growth and improved appear at Links of Noltland and increased reliance on cereal cultivation was not fully Caesar’s rst invasion of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms during this time as illustrated in Black Death, Hundred Years War, CONVERTS monuments rst appear popular particularly in some show increased the hopes that this would pacify in in Orkney in Roman amphora the forti ed settlements spices into England 1500-1550 although the Table wear became popular the standard of living in Britain domesticated animals established until the MBA Southern England forti cation Taxation and Serfdom led to an Scotland became the region most marked changes attack on London Protestant and Catholic occurred during Henry VII 1700 AD practices were punishable 1066AD 3,500 BCE

C3,000 BCE 300 AD 410 AD 1095-1270 AD 1750-1830 AD 4,000 BCE 2,500 BCE 1,500 BCE 600 BCE 300 BCE 43 AD 660 AD 899 AD 1660 AD 1301 AD 1381 AD 1500 AD 1560 AD

60 AD 1272 AD

1553-1558 3,800 BCE 3,000 BCE 2,300 BCE 1,500 BCE 1,000 BCE 400 BCE 1348 AD 500 AD 700AD 1000 AD 1361 AD 1455-1485 AD 1642-1651 AD 17071707 ADAD 1841 AD 1369 AD

FALLOW DEER LATE MIDDLE AGES Fallow deer introduced to MARY I “NEOLITHIC PACKAGE” LATE NEOLITHIC PERIOD WOODHENGE LATE BRONZE AGE MIDDLE IRON AGE UNION WITH URBAN Britain at Fishbourne palace ROMAN VILLAS SPECIALISED NO GRAVE During Edward I reign the number SPREADS COMPLETE There is a brief return to ENGLISH UNIONSCOTLAND WITH BRITAIN Monuments including the large ABANDONED GOODS of stone forti cations and the WAR OF THE ROSES During the late Neolithc, Marked by increased variation in Evidence for increased TOWNS BLACK DEATH Catholicism with Protestant SCALE CIVIL WAR SCOTLAND There is a brief return to consumption of pig increased, timber henge monuments of Final construction of Stonehenge variation in pottery forms 100 BCE English military forces grew, with A series of civil wars where the ThereThere is is a a brief brief return return to to OverThere 50% isof a the brief population return to of By 3,800 BCE the “Neolithic metal workings and an increase Roman towns and villas Towns became more Grave goods declined from 700 persecution the classic square keep castle The Bubonic plague spread CatholosismCatholosism with with Protestant Protestant and pottery developed with woodhenge appear at this time, is completed, shortly after there is in the number of weapons. There and long-distance trade. house of Lancaster and York Series of conicts between the CatholosismCatholosism with with Protestant Protestant Britain now lives in urban Package” had spread around become largely abandoned specialised and many modern AD and it became the norm for through Britain during the 14th 1100 AD being a key of this time Parliamentarians and Royalists persercutionpersercutioncentres Grooved wear pottery 2,800 BCE there is also increased diversity a decline in the construction of were also changes in structures There is also evidence for during this time fought for control of the throne persercutionpersercution = 100 YEARS Britain. Other Neolithic features towns can trace their origins to burials to not contain grave century the rst spread is thought 1536 AD appearing in building materials and form stone monument are no longer during this time towards the use of rotary querns of England leading to the execution of appear during this time including Anglo Saxon towns as evident goods to have killed 30-45% of the in both monuments and constructed enclosed clusters of roundhou- replacing saddle querns 1310 AD Charles I, exile of Charles II and = 100 YEARS some of the earliest Neolithic in their names, such as Beeston population settlements during this time the cemented the role of trackways including ‘’ ses, while the size of communi- thought to be named for the ties inhabiting individual Parliament in English rule = 50 YEARS which is dated to this time abundance of honey bees settlements is thought to have increased = 50 YEARS LATE IRON AGE

Evidence that tools and VIKING RAIDS = 25 YEARS BUILDING WORKS STARTED materials were traded up to END FIRST ENGLISH UNION WITH AT STONE HENGE WALES = 20 YEARS Figure 2.3.7: Britain Since the Neolithic a Summary. In order to illustrate the 80km, small amounts of Roman COOKBOOK The earliest monuments at amphorae begin to appear and & stone hendge have been dated numerous changes, developments, innovations and introductions that have there is a new form of FOOD PRICES to this time, this includes the occured in Britain since the Neolithic these are shown in a condensed timeline settlement the Oppidum INCREASE circular ditch and bank (Authors own image) 97