Current Biotica 5(3): 370372 ISSN 09734031

Ovicidal activity of the wood of marsupium Roxb. (: ) against the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer

B. Deepa * and O. K. Remadevi ** .Wood Biodegradation Division, Institute of Wood Science & Technology, 18 th cross, Malleswaram (P.O), Bangalore560003, Karnataka, *Email: [email protected]

Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. , is crude extract obtained was weighed and one of the most valuable multipurpose forest stored in refrigerator. trees. The wood of this tree is known for its therapeutic and pesticidal properties (WOI, A known amount of crude extract 1985; Ahmad et al., 1989). In this study, we obtained from the above process was aimed to explore the ovicidal activity of the dissolved in respective solvent in 1:1 wood of P. marsupium against Hyblaea proportion and serially diluted with water to puera. Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: obtain the desired concentrations of 0.5%, Hyblaeidae) is the most important defoliator 1%, 2%. One drop of emulsifier (0.005%) pest of teak in India. Teak is its principal (Tween 20, Sigma Chemical Company) was food , but it has several alternative added to the extract to ensure complete hosts on which it thrives. It feeds on all the dispersion of the active ingredient. leaf tissues leaving only the major veins. H. puera causes extensive damage to The moths were collected from the plantations, resulting in reduced laboratory reared larvae of teak defoliator, productivity. In India, H. puera infestation H. puera. The freshly emerged moths were is a routine annual phenomenon and its reared in the glass jar covered with the defoliation was reported to cause 44 per cent muslin cloth. The moths were provided with volume increment loss (Nair et al. , 1996). ten percent honey as food. The moths laid the eggs on the muslin cloth. 12hourold The present investigation was carried eggs were carefully taken on a small piece out during 2006 at Institute of Wood of muslin cloth using fine camel hair brush. Science & technology, Bangalore. The wood 5 replications with 5 eggs each were used of P. marsupium collected from IWST for the experiment. The extract was (Institute of Wood Science and Technology) prepared at a concentration of 2%, 1% and campus forest, Bangalore was powdered in a 0.5%. It was sprayed on the egg using a pulverizer. 100g of the powdered wood micropipette. The cloth with the eggs after was dissolved in 250 ml of each of the complete drying was introduced into glass solvent namely petroleum ether, chloroform, vials and covered with muslin cloth. methanol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, Treatment with water and respective acetone and water and kept in sealed round solvents served as control. The eggs were bottom flasks. After 48 hours, it was observed for hatching after 48 hours extracted in soxhlet apparatus until the Percentage of egg mortality was calculated. respective eluting solvents turned colourless. The percentage values were transformed to The solvent was evaporated and the dry

www.currentbiotica.com 370 Current Biotica 5(3): 370372 ISSN 09734031 ensure normality and variance homogeneity CONCLUSION using an arcsine transformation (Zar, 1999). The environmental hazards posed by The ovicidal activity of the wood synthetic insecticides provide an impetus for extracts of P. marsupium on H. puera did investigations into some ecofriendly and not vary among the different extracts. All biorational alternatives for insect pest the treatments exhibited 100% egg hatch management. The study shows that the crude inhibition at all concentrations (Table 1). wood extracts of P. marsupium or suitable The control showed 100% egg hatching. formulations developed from the wood extracts Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. demonstrates has significant potential to be used as bio very unique features which include the pesticide. medicinal properties of the various parts of ACKNOWLEDGEMENT the tree namely, heart wood, leaves and flowers. This study has demonstrated the possible ovicidal activity of the wood of P. The authors are grateful to Institute of Wood Science & Technology, India for the marsupium against Hyblaea puera Cramer. facilities provided and Forest Research This study supplements the findings of Institute, India for helping in bioassays. The first earlier workers. It was reported that the author is grateful to University Grants wood possess pesticidal properties (WOI, Commission, India for the financial assistance. 1985). The leaves were reported to possess antifeedant and repellent property against REFERENCES Sinoxylon sudanicum (Reddy and Urs, 1989). The same authors have tested the Ahmad, F., Khalid, P., Khan, M.M., Rastogi, larvicidal activity of the wood of P. A.K. and Kidwai, J.R. 1989. Insulin like marsupium against the larvae of H. puera activity in (−) epicatechin. Acta and found effective (Deepa and Remadevi, diabetologica , 26 (4): 291300. 2010). Other like Melia azadarach, Deepa, B. and Remadevi, O. K. 2010. Strychnous nux vomica, Jatropha curcas, Insecticidal property of the wood of Cassia fistula, Gnidia glauca, Ricinus Pterocarpus marsupium Current communis, Vitex negunda, Derris indica, Biotica, 4 (2):240244. Clerodendron inermae, Lantana caftera, Semecarpus kathalekanesis have been Javaregowda and Krishana Naik, L. 2006. Ovicidal properties of plant extracts proved to produce varying degree of against the eggs of teak defoliator, ovicidal activity on the eggs of H. puera Hyblaea puera Cramer. Karnataka J. (Javaregowda and Krishna Naik, 2006; Agric. Sci ., 20 (2): 291293. Ramana, 2005). The present study once again confirms that the P. marsupium has Nair, K.S.S., Sudheendrakumar, V.V., Verma, antiinsect property. With all the extracts, R.V., Chacko, K.C. and Jayaraman, K., the lowest concentration tested (0.5%) itself 1996, Effect of defoliation by Hyblaea yielded 100% mortality which shows that P. puera and Eutectona machaeralis marsupium exhibits high ovicidal activity. (Lepidoptera ) on volume increment of teak. Proc.of IUFRO symposium on The antifeedant and larvicidal activity is impact of diseases and insect pests on already well established in this plant. The tropical forests , pp. 257273. present study proves that the organic solvent extracts of the wood of P. marsupium is Ramana, P. 2005. Ovicidal evaluation of highly effective as ovicide. Chromolaena odorata extracts on teak

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defoliatorHyblaea puera Cramer. My cultural property . India: Macmillan forest , 41 (4):519524. India Ltd., 173185 pp.

Reddy, G.V.P. and Urs, K.C.D. 1989. WOI, 1985. A Dictionary of Indian raw Antifeedant and repellent activity of materials and industrial products. Raw some indigenous plant extracts against materials, 1 (A). India: A Publication the furniture beetle, Sinoxylon and information Directorate, CSIR, New sudanicum Lesne (Coleoptera: Delhi, 302305 pp. Bostrychidae). In: O. P. Agarwal and S. Dhawan (eds.), Biodeterioration of Zar, J.H. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis . NJ: PrenticeHall Inc., Upper Saddle River.

Table 1: Ovicidal activity of various extracts of P. marsupium

Concentration in % Treatment 2 1 0.5 Petroleum ether 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00)

Chloroform 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00)

Methanol 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00)

Ethyl alcohol 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00)

Ethyl acetate 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00)

Acetone 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00)

Water 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00) 100.00±0.00 (90.00)

Control 0.00(0.00) 0.00(0.00) 0.00(0.00)

Mean ± SD represents mean percentage mortality of 5 replicates with 5 individuals each. Values within parentheses are angular transformed values [MS received 11 September 2011; MS accepted 14 November 2011]

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