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Diaspora Engagement Between Galicia, Spain and Buenos Aires

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Diaspora Engagement Between Galicia, Spain and Buenos Aires DIASPORA ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN GALICIA, SPAIN AND BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA: AIMS AND BENEFITS OF A TRANSLATIONAL COALITION A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Kathryn L. Hannum August 2020 ©Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materia Dissertation written by Kathryn L. Hannum B.A., San Jose State University 2011 M.A., Kent State University, 2016 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2020 Approved by Dr. David H. Kaplan , Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Sarah Smiley , Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Amoaba Gooden , Dr. V. Kelly Turner , Dr. Landon Hancock , Accepted by Dr. Scott Sheridan , Chair, Department of Geography Dr. Mandy Munro-Stasiuk , Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ III LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ....................................................................................................... VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... XII CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW: FRAMING NATIONAL IDENTITY, MIGRATION, & DIASPORA .................................................................................................................................................. 10 NATIONAL IDENTITY ................................................................................................................................. 10 MIGRATION PROCESSES ............................................................................................................................. 15 Macro-Level Migration Processes ....................................................................................................... 16 Micro-Level Migration Processes ........................................................................................................ 19 Migrant Networks................................................................................................................................. 21 Transnationalism.................................................................................................................................. 22 Translocalism ....................................................................................................................................... 26 DIASPORA ................................................................................................................................................... 28 DIASPORIC NATIONAL IDENTITY ............................................................................................................... 30 INSTITUTIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 31 Diaspora Institutions ............................................................................................................................ 32 CHPATER 3 - METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 37 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................................................ 38 States of Spain & Argentina ................................................................................................................. 39 Regions of Galicia and Buenos Aires................................................................................................... 40 iii INSTITUTIONAL CONTENT ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................ 42 INSTITUTIONAL INTERVIEWS ..................................................................................................................... 43 PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION ...................................................................................................................... 44 INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEWS ........................................................................................................................... 45 ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................................. 46 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................. 49 CHPATER 4 – CASE HISTORY & CONTEXT...................................................................................... 50 SUB-STATE NATIONALISM IN SPAIN ........................................................................................................... 51 THE GALICIAN NATION ............................................................................................................................. 52 BUILDING AN ARGENTINIAN NATION ........................................................................................................ 54 Galician Emigration to Argentina ....................................................................................................... 57 TODAY’S GALICIAN DIASPORA IN BUENOS AIRES..................................................................................... 61 GALICIAN DIASPORA ENGAGEMENT .......................................................................................................... 64 CHAPTER 5 – THE XUNTA DE GALICIA & REGIONAL DIASPORA ENGAGEMENT .............. 66 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE FOR DIASPORA ENGAGEMENT IN GALICIA ................................................... 67 Emigration Strategy 2020 .................................................................................................................... 69 Return Strategy 2020............................................................................................................................ 81 ASSESSING THE STATE OF THE STRATEGIES ............................................................................................... 87 Cost/benefit .......................................................................................................................................... 92 Bureaucratic Organization .................................................................................................................. 95 Unemployment...................................................................................................................................... 98 Returnees vs. Immigrants ................................................................................................................... 100 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................... 102 CHPATER 6 – BUENOS AIRES FOSTERING THE COLLECTIVE & PROMOTING DIVERSITY ..................................................................................................................................................................... 105 THE NATIONAL FRAMING OF IMMIGRATION ............................................................................................ 107 DIVERSITY PROMOTION IN BUENOS AIRES .............................................................................................. 110 iv Youth Programs ................................................................................................................................. 111 Festivals and Events ........................................................................................................................... 113 Digital Presence ................................................................................................................................. 115 URBAN POLICIES AND THE COLLECTIVES ................................................................................................ 117 Participation ...................................................................................................................................... 119 Upkeep of Association Buildings ....................................................................................................... 122 Exclusive Inclusivity ........................................................................................................................... 125 CHPATER 7 – “SOMOS COMO UNA PLAGA” – GALICIAN LIFE & LANDSCAPE IN BUENOS AIRES ......................................................................................................................................................... 130 SYMBOLIC LANDSCAPE ........................................................................................................................... 132 LATIN AMERICAN URBANISM & BUENOS AIRES ..................................................................................... 133 ENDURING GALICIAN LANDSCAPES OF BUENOS AIRES ........................................................................... 138 Corporate Symbology......................................................................................................................... 138 Religious symbology........................................................................................................................... 147 Public Art ..........................................................................................................................................
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