Ants and Their Control Ants and Their Control
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Ben Hoffmann CV
CURRICULUM VITAE - BEN HOFFMANN Personal details Name : Benjamin Daniel Hoffmann Date of Birth : 4th December 1975 Contact Details (work) (home) CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences PO Box 1682 PMB 44 Winnellie Humpty Doo NT 0822 NT 0835 Ph. +61 8 89448432 Ph. +61 8 8988 1315 Mobile +61 418 820 718 Email [email protected] Education Undergraduate Bachelor of Science (Bsc). 1993-1995, Northern Territory University, Darwin Bsc. (Honours). 1996 , Northern Territory University, Darwin Honours Project Title - Ecology of the introduced ant Pheidole megacephala in the Howard Springs region of Australia’s Northern Territory. Postgraduate PhD. 1997-2001 , Northern Territory University, Darwin Thesis Title - Responses of ant communities to land use impacts in Australia. Employment of Relevance 2004 – present CSIRO Darwin. Research of invasive ant biology, ecology, impacts and management. Coordinating exotic ant eradications. Member on scientific advisory panels providing advise to other ant management programs. Research into disturbance ecology particularly minesite rehabilitation, utilizing ants as biological indicators. 1998 – 2004 CSIRO Darwin, Numerous small consultancies, particularly minesite rehabilitation assessments and sorting ants for other researchers. Journal articles (51) Hoffmann BD , Courchamp F (in review) Biological invasions and natural colonisations: are they different? Trends in Ecology and Evolution Hoffmann BD , Broadhurst LM (in review) The economic cost of invasive species to Australia. BioScience Gibb H, Sanders NJ, Dunn RR, Photakis M, Abril S, Andersen AN, Angulo E, Armbrecht I, Arnan, X, Baccaro FB, Boulay R, Castracani C, Del Toro I, Delsinne T, Diaz M, Donoso DA, Enríquez ML, Fayle TM, Feener Jr DH, Fitzpatrick M, Gómez C, Grasso DA, Groc S, Heterick B, Hoffmann BD , Lach L, Lattke J, Leponce M, Lessard JP, Longino J, Lucky A, Majer J, Menke SB, Mezger D, Mori A, Nia OP, Perace-Duvet J, Pfeiffer M, Philpott S, de Souza JLP, Tista M, Vonshak M, Parr CL (in review) Climate regulates the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on ant assemblage structure. -
Hymenoptera: Formicidae
16 The Weta 30: 16-18 (2005) Changes to the classification of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Darren F. Ward School of Biological Sciences, Tamaki Campus, Auckland University, Private Bag 92019, Auckland ([email protected]) Introduction This short note aims to update the reader on changes to the subfamily classification of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Although the New Zealand ant fauna is very small, these changes affect the classification and phylogeny of both endemic and exotic ant species in New Zealand. Bolton (2003) has recently proposed a new subfamily classification for ants. Two new subfamilies have been created, a revised status for one, and new status for four. Worldwide, there are now 21 extant subfamilies of ants. The endemic fauna of New Zealand is now classified into six subfamilies (Table 1), as a result of three subfamilies, Amblyoponinae, Heteroponerinae and Proceratiinae, being split from the traditional subfamily Ponerinae. Bolton’s (2003) classification also affects several exotic species in New Zealand. Three species have been transferred from Ponerinae: Amblyopone australis to Amblyoponinae, and Rhytidoponera chalybaea and R. metallica to Ectatomminae. Currently there are 28 exotic species in New Zealand (Table 1). Eighteen species have most likely come from Australia, where they are native. Eight are global tramp species, commonly transported by human activities, and two species are of African origin. Nineteen of the currently established exotic species are recorded for the first time in New Zealand as occurring outside their native range. This may result in difficulty in obtaining species-specific biological knowledge and assessing their likelihood of becoming successful invaders. In addition to the work by Bolton (2003), Phil Ward and colleagues at UC Davis have started to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies and genera of all ants using molecular data (Ward et al, 2005). -
Elton's Insights Into the Ecology of Ant Invasions
P a r t 5 Poster - Child Invaders, Then and Now Fifty Y ears of Invasion Ecology: The Legacy of Charles Elton Edited by David M. Richardson © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-444-33585-9 237 Chapter 18 Elton ’ s Insights into the Ecology of Ant Invasions: Lessons Learned and Lessons Still to be Learned Nathan J. Sanders 1 and Andrew V. Suarez2 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 2 Departments of Entomology and Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Fifty Y ears of Invasion Ecology: The Legacy of Charles Elton Edited by David M. Richardson © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-444-33585-9 239 240 Poster-child invaders, then and now 18.1 INTRODUCTION (Lowe et al. 2000 ). Additionally, two of these species – L. humile at second and S. invicta at fourth – are Charles Elton ’ s (1958) classic book, The Ecology of among the four most studied invasive species (Pysek et Invasions by Animals and Plants , provides numerous al. 2008 ). Of these fi ve notorious invasive ants, Elton case studies of biological invasions. Given the breadth mentioned only L. humile and P. megacephala in his of taxonomic coverage that appears in the book, it is book. However, this probably should not be held not surprising that Elton would mention several ant against him because at the time much less was known species and use them to illuminate several different about the other species. E.O. Wilson ’ s fi rst publication general points about invasions. -
36 Wood Destroying Insects
CHAPTER 36 THE BEST CONTROL OR HOW TO PERMANENTLY AND SAFELY CONTROL ALL WOOD DESTROYING ORGANISMS http://www.pctonline.com/copesan/ (without killing yourself) The February 1999 issue of Pest Control magazine on page 18 quotes Dr. Austin Frishman as saying, “We know that termiticides alone will not solve most termite problems.” This chapter will show you how to safely solve them without using any volatile termiticide poisons. At the time a live tree is cut down, nearly half its weight consists of water! The most destructive factor to wood in structures is excessive moisture, not wood destroying insects. Correct all moisture and humidity problems and you will also control almost all wood destroying insect problems without using any poisons. Use ventilation, moisture barriers, fans, air conditioners and/or dehumidifiers first, last and always. 1347 FORWARD Far more volatile, “registered,” synthetic pesticide poison is used to control termites than any other structural pest you will ever encounter. No volatile synthetic residual insecticide or economic poison is completely safe no matter what the professional pest control industry claims. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), when it approves one of the economic poisons, basically is only concerned with the harmful effects that occur from a single exposure of only the active ingredient by any route of entry or its acute toxicity expressed as its LD50 or LC50 value which is the lethal dose or concentration (relative amount) of only the active ingredient required to kill 50 % of a test population, e.g., male rats. LD50 values are recorded in milligrams of active ingredient per kilogram of body weight of the test animal. -
Bauxite Mining Restoration with Natural Soils and Residue Sands: Comparison of the Recovery of Soil Ecosystem Function and Ground-Dwelling Invertebrate Diversity
School of Molecular and Life Sciences Bauxite Mining Restoration with Natural Soils and Residue Sands: Comparison of the Recovery of Soil Ecosystem Function and Ground-dwelling Invertebrate Diversity Dilanka Madusani Mihindukulasooriya Weerasinghe This thesis is presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Curtin University May 2019 Author’s Declaration To the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no material previously published by any other person except where due acknowledgement has been made. This thesis contains no material that has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. Signature………………………………………………… Date………………………………………………………... iii Statement of authors’ contributions Experimental set up, data collection, data analysis and data interpretation for Chapter 2, 3,4 and 5 was done by D. Mihindukulasooriya. Experimental set up established by Lythe et al. (2017) used for experimental chapter 6. Data collection, data analysis and data interpretation for long term effect of woody debris addition was done by D. Mihindukulasooriya. iv Abstract Human destruction of the natural environment has been identified as a global problem that has triggered the loss of biodiversity. This degradation and loss has altered ecosystem processes and the resilience of ecosystems to environmental changes. Restoration of degraded habitats forms a significant component of conservation efforts. Open cut mining is one activity that can dramatically alter local communities, and successful vascular plant restoration does not necessarily result in restoration of other components of flora and fauna or result in a fully functioning ecosystem. Therefore, restoration studies should focus on improving ecological functions such as nutrient cycling and litter decomposition, seed dispersal and/ or pollination, and assess community composition beyond vegetation to attain fully functioning systems. -
Can a Ten-Year Old Decision Not to Eradicate Be Re-Visited?
The distribution of Argentine ant in New Zealand: Can a ten-year old decision not to eradicate be re-visited? J.G. Charles1, D.M. Suckling2, D.J. Allan1, K.J. Froud1, P.R. Dentener1, P.G. Connolly1 and H. Verberne3 1HortResearch, Private Bag 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand 2HortResearch, P.O. Box 51, Lincoln, New Zealand 3AgriQuality, Private Bag 3080, Hamilton, New Zealand Corresponding author: [email protected] Summary Decisions to eradicate, contain or accept new invaders are made in the face of often complex interactions between biological, social, economic and environmental factors. The outcomes of this dynamic mix may change over time, so that, for any species, a decision made in the past may differ to that made in the present or future. This is illustrated by the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, which established in New Zealand in about 1990, with no attempt at eradication or containment. Changing attitudes and control options since then have led to a study of the geographical distribution of the ant throughout New Zealand over a 10 week period from mid-March until the end of May 2001. Foraging workers were collected in jam-baited traps over a 24 h period. Traps were deployed in ‘starburst arrays’ of up to 33 traps, or in groups of four, or singly at selected locations and habitats where L. humile was, or might be expected to be, a problem. Argentine ants were caught in 84 traps (out of 2216) and were shown to be widely, though patchily, distributed throughout New Zealand, especially in the north of the North Island. -
Public & Environmental Health Services
STRONGER TOGETHER Public & Environmental Health Services Australia & New Zealand The Public and Environmental Health service line of Eurofins Agroscience Services undertakes laboratory and field research in the development of products and strategies to control, inhibit and repel urban pests. Field work is conducted in residential, commercial and natural environments. All laboratory trials are conducted on site at our Gosford facility (New South Wales) in four 20m3 stainless steel lined test chambers with adjustable ventilation. These chambers are suitable for testing aerosols, liquid emanating devices and total release devices for crawling and flying insects and also for cockroach and ant bait evaluations. Mosquito, fly, leech, tick, sandfly and march fly repellent testing can also be conducted in the chambers or in the field with human volunteers. Our insectary at Gosford maintains colonies of mosquitoes, houseflies, Australian sheep blowflies, American cockroaches, German cockroaches, silverfish, stored product pests, snails and slugs. Species that are not bred in the insectary are collected from the field and include ants, spiders, termites, bronze orange bugs and aphids. We have experience in conducting trials in more than 40 different species in both field and lab studies. The species list includes (but is not limited to): • Black House Ants (Ochetellus glaber) • Housefly (Musca domestica) • Coastal Brown Ants (Pheidole megacephala) • Sheep Blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) • Green Head Ants (Rhytidoponera metallica) • Vinegar Fly (Drosophila -
The Diversity and Origin of Exotic Ants Arriving in New Zealand Via Human
Diversity and Distributions, (Diversity Distrib.) (2006) 12, 601–609 Blackwell Publishing Ltd BIODIVERSITY The diversity and origin of exotic RESEARCH ants arriving in New Zealand via human-mediated dispersal Darren F. Ward1*, Jacqueline R. Beggs1, Mick N. Clout1, Richard J. Harris2 and Simon O’Connor3 1Tamaki Campus, School of Biological Sciences, ABSTRACT University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, The number of exotic ant species being dispersed to new regions by human trans- Auckland, New Zealand, 2Department of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of portation and the trade pathways responsible for this are poorly understood. In this Technology, PO Box U 1987 Perth 6845, Western study, the taxonomic diversity, trade pathways, and origin of exotic ants intercepted Australia, Australia and 3MAF Biosecurity at the New Zealand border were examined for the period 1955–2005. Overall, there New Zealand, PO Box 2526, Wellington, were a total 4355 interception records, with 115 species from 52 genera. The 10 most New Zealand frequently intercepted genera, and the 20 most frequently intercepted species contributed > 90% of all records. Many of the species frequently intercepted are regarded as invasive species, and several are established in New Zealand. The most intercepted species was Pheidole megacephala. Despite a relatively low trade relation- ship, a high proportion (> 64%) of the exotic ants which were intercepted originated from the Pacific region. However, the majority of species intercepted from the Pacific was exotic to the region (71%), or to a lesser extent, wide-ranging Pacific native species. No endemic species from the Pacific were intercepted. The effectiveness of detecting exotic ant species at the New Zealand border ranged from 48–78% for dif- ferent trade pathways, indicating a number of species remain undetected. -
Linepithema Humile
New Zealand Arthropod Collection Factsheet Series (ISSN 1179-643X) Argentine Ant: Linepithema humile Taxonomic Classification Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Linepithema humile (Mayr 1868) (Source: Hymenoptera Name Server) Lateral and head images of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile. Images courtesy of California Academy of Sciences. Origin The native range of Argentine ants is northern Argentina, southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. They have been accidentally introduced by human trade to many countries throughout the world. They were first discovered in New Zealand at Mt Smart stadium (Auckland) during opening ceremony rehearsals for the 1990 Commonwealth games. Genetic analysis shows that Australia was the most likely source of Argentine ants in New Zealand. It is also likely they were introduced from a single source population. Current and Potential Distribution Argentine ants are now relatively widespread in many North Island towns and cities, and also in several locations in the South Island. Current records of Argentine ant occurrence fit with the predictions of the recent distribution models. Argentine ants could potentially invade up to 20% of New Zealand, approximately 5,513,500ha. General Identification Argentine ants are uniformly light brown in colouration. This immediately distinguishes them from the majority of other ants currently in New Zealand. Argentine ants are 2-3mm in length. A high power microscope of 20-40x magnification is needed to examine other diagnostic characters, which include: a single petiole; no sting or acidpore from the end of the gaster; very low placement of the eyes on head (to distinguish from Iridomyrmex); upper and rear faces of the propodeum equal in length, without a smell when crushed in the field, and mandibles longer than wide (to distinguish from Doleromyrma darwiniana (Darwins ant). -
1 the Blue-Rinse Moth with the Secret Inflatable Hair-Drier, the Star
1 The blue-rinse moth with the secret inflatable hair-drier, the star-spangled can-opener and other wonders of the wainscot world Robert Hoare *1 1 Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, Auckland, 1072, New Zealand New Zealand used to have an amazing radiation of Hadeninae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), beating anything the Australians have to offer by a trans-Tasman mile. Recent taxonomic shenanigans have resulted in New Zealand losing all its hadenines, but fortunately these have been replaced by exactly the same number of noctuines of the tribe Leucaniini. How many are there? In how many genera? What do their genitalia look like when squashed and mounted on slides? Why, oh why? All of these questions will be addressed, though not necessarily answered. 2 Patterns – and lack of patterns – in Thysanoptera host associations Laurence Mound *1 1 CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia There is no direct correlation between the number of thrips species in an area and the number of available plant species, nor yet between the number of thrips species and the number of species in any given higher plant taxon with which those thrips are associated. Some plant taxa have a disproportionately large number of associated thrips species, yet other taxa are not exploited. Thrips species richness will be considered in relation to the relatively few plant species on which these insects are dependent. 3 Australasians behaving badly Up-Over: a downunder thrips killing an invasive New Zealand tree in California Jon Sullivan *1, Richard Hill 2, Laurence Mound 3, Stephen Cameron 3, Cynthia King 4 1 Bio-Protection Research Centre, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, NZ 2 Richard Hill and Associates, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, NZ 3 CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, PO Box 1700 Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia 4 DLNR - Forestry & Wildlife Native Invertebrate Conservation Progam, 1151 Punchbowl St. -
The Worldwide Transfer of Ants: Geographical Distribution and Ecological Invasions Terrence P
Journal of Biogeography, 26, 535±548 The worldwide transfer of ants: geographical distribution and ecological invasions Terrence P. McGlynn∗ Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309±0334, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Aim This is the ®rst comprehensive account of the biogeography of ants transferred and at least temporarily established outside their native habitat. Location Using museum and literature records, I established the distributions of transferred ant species. Methods I used taxonomic and functional groups to assess how geographical spread as a transferred species is affected by taxonomy and life history. Results 147 ant species in forty-nine genera have been recorded outside of their native habitat. The proportion of transferred ants is similar to the number of genera and species in each subfamily. The species-rich subfamily Myrmicinae contains nearly 50% of all transferred species, while many of the species-poor subfamilies have absolutely no transferred species. A disproportionate high number of transferred ants originate from the Neotropical and Oriental biogeographic regions. The Paci®c Islands are the recipients of the most transferred ant species. Most transferred ants belong to the CRYPTIC, OPPORTUNIST, and GENERALIZED MYRMICINE functional groups, while there are no recorded transfers of army ants or leaf-cutting ants. Both invasive and human commensal `tramp' ant species are nonrandom subsets of transferred ants. Main conclusions `Tramp' species and invasive species tend to have widespread geographical distributions, and share life history characteristics including queen number, nest structure, and foraging behaviour. Combining observations of functional groups and biogeography may lead to a better understanding of the factors contributing to the spread of transferred species. -
Invasive Ants Reduce Nesting Success of an Endangered Hawaiian Yellow-Faced Bee, Hylaeus Anthracinus
NeoBiota 64: 137–154 (2021) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/neobiota.64.58670 RESEARCH ARTICLE NeoBiota https://neobiota.pensoft.net Advancing research on alien species and biological invasions Invasive ants reduce nesting success of an endangered Hawaiian yellow-faced bee, Hylaeus anthracinus Sheldon Plentovich1, Jason R. Graham2, William P. Haines3, Cynthia B.A. King3 1 Pacific Islands Coastal Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Rm 3-122, Honolulu, HI 96750, USA 2 Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA 3 Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife, 1151 Punchbowl St. Rm. 325, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA Corresponding author: Sheldon Plentovich ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Sun | Received 23 September 2020 | Accepted 21 December 2020 | Published 28 January 2021 Citation: Plentovich S, Graham JR, Haines WP, King CBA (2021) Invasive ants reduce nesting success of an endangered Hawaiian yellow-faced bee, Hylaeus anthracinus. NeoBiota 64: 137–154. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.64.58670 Abstract Hawaii has a single group of native bees belonging to the genus Hylaeus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) and known collectively as Hawaiian yellow-faced bees. The majority of the 63 species have experienced sig- nificant declines in range and population. In 2016, seven species received federal protection under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Competitors and predators, such as invasive bees, wasps and ants, are thought to be important drivers of range reductions and population declines, especially at lower elevations where more non-native species occur. We evaluated the effects of invasive ants on nesting Hylaeus anthra- cinus using artificial nest blocks that allowed us to track nest construction and development.