Department of Environmental Quality Introduction to Air and Air Department of Environmental Quality

“Providing science-based environmental stewardship for the health and prosperity of ALL North Carolinians.” Divisions within DEQ Air Quality Coastal Management Mitigation Services Energy, Mineral, and Land Resources Waste Management Environmental Assistance and Customer Service Water infrastructure Environmental Education and Public Affairs Water Resources Marine Fisheries Administrative Services

https://deq.nc.gov/about/history-of-deq

2 The North Carolina Division of Air Quality

Division of Air Quality’s Mission The Division of Air Quality works with the state's citizens to protect and improve outdoor, or ambient, air quality in North Carolina for the health, benefit and economic well-being of all. Air is invisible. Air has almost undetectable mass. Air cannot usually be felt. Yet, many watch the news to find out about the weather conditions of the air, N.C. Division of Air Quality does daily air quality health forecast, and air is vital to the life of our plants, animals, and people.

The Air Awareness Team of the N.C. Division of Air Quality (DAQ) will present on their air quality education programs and It’s Our Air our on-line educational resource for teachers and educators. Attendees will patriciate in some of the air quality lessons and learn how to best use N.C. DAQ’s free on-line curriculum and resources. Air quality specialist will be on hand to answer your questions about air, air quality health, and solutions to our air quality problems.

3 Division of Air Quality (DAQ)

DAQ is the state division responsible for addressing the Federal Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) rules, regulations, and requirements for states with respect to and air quality.

To learn more about the EPA visit: https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview

To learn more about DAQ visit: deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/air-quality

4 The Division of Air Quality Areas of Work • Public Information • Seven Regional Office • Air Quality Forecast • Monitoring • N.C. Air Awareness • Permits • Monitoring the Air • Inspections • Planning • Investigations of Complaints • Developing new rules • Regional Illegal Burning Investigations • • Air Quality Forecast Compliance with Air Quality Rules • Air Pollution Inventory • N.C. Air Awareness and Outreach • Outreach and Education • Permitting Air Pollution Sources • Mobile Sources and Compliance

5 Why Air is Important

Why Air is Important?

Hold Your Breath for 30 Seconds No, really. Do it. Take note of the sensations within your body.

6 Recommended Daily Allowance of Air

Breaths for an Adult: Per minute: 10 to 20 Per Hour: 600 to 1,200 Per Day: 14,400 to 28,800

Average resting respiratory rates by age are: • Infant: 20–40 breaths per minute (as many as 57,000 a day) • Youth: 16 – 25 per minute (about 30,000 a day) • Elderly ≥ 65 years old: 12-28 per minute (as many as 40,000) • Elderly ≥ 80 years old: 10-30 per minute (as many as 43,000)

7 Air Use by Fluid Volume

Air in a day (3,000 gallons) Air in a minute

8 Why do we care?

Air pollution can impact your health. In North Carolina, asthma or respiratory problems are one major reason our students miss school and adults miss work.

Environmental Impacts

Air pollution, such as ground level ozone, can damage many plants and crops.

Human Impacts

9 Asthma

10 Heart and Lung Disease

Air pollution contributes to heart and lung disease, cancer, Alzheimer disease, and temporary conditions like flu, pneumonia.

11 Why do we care?

85 Degrees F, 48% Humidity

Air pollution impacts our economy, not only is it the one of the most common reasons that students miss school and parents miss work, but in Western North Carolina it results in lost tourism revenue.

12 How Do We Know About Air?

13 NC Air Monitoring Network

http://ncair.org/monitor/

14 Air Quality Forecast (Color Code)

Air Quality Index Ozone ppb Levels of Health Numerical Value Meaning PM 2.5 mg/m3 (8hr) Concern Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pollution poses Good 0 to 50 0 to 12 0 to 54 little or no risk Air quality is acceptable; however, for some pollutants there Moderate 51 to 100 may be a moderate health concern for a very small number 12.1 to 35.4 55 to 70 of people who are unusually sensitive to air pollution. Unhealthy for Members of sensitive groups may experience health effects. 101 to 150 35.5 to 55.4 71 to 85 Sensitive Groups The general public is not likely to be affected. Everyone may begin to experience health effects; members Unhealthy 151 to 200 of sensitive groups may experience more serious health 55.5 to 150.4 86 to 105 effects. Health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire 106 to Very Unhealthy 201 to 300 150.5 to 250.4 population is more likely to be affected. 374 Health alert: everyone may experience more serious health Hazardous 301 to 500 250.5 and above 375 to effects

Department of Environmental Quality

15 How do you get the Forecast?

EPA: www.airnow.gov

https://xapps.ncdenr.org/aq /ForecastCenterEnvista

EnviroFlash Get an : Air quality app! forecast to mobile your inbox solutions 16 What Do We Know About Air?

17 Ingredients in Dry Air Argon, 9,340, 1% Carbon dioxide, 402, 0%

Oxygen, 209460, 21%

Nitrogen, 780840, 78%

Nitrogen Oxygen Argon Carbon dioxide 18 Parts Per Million in Dry Air Helium, 5.24 Methane, 1.79

Krypton, 1.14 Neon, 18.18

Carbon dioxide, 402

Carbon dioxide Neon Helium Methane Krypton 19 What Do We Know About Clean Air? Atomic Molecules Volume ppm Percent Symbol Phase of Matter Bond

Nitrogen 780840 78.084 N2 Gas trivalent Oxygen 209460 20.946 O2 Gas double Argon 9,340 0.934 Ar Gas none

Carbon dioxide 408 0.04 CO2 Gas double Neon 18.18 0.001818 Ne Gas none Helium 5.24 0.000524 He Gas none

Methane 1.79 0.000179 CH4 Gas single Krypton 1.14 0.000114 Kr Gas none Solid, Liquid or

Water vapor 0000 - 4000 0 to 4.5 H2O Vapor single Everything else is air pollution, some natural – most is anthropogenic or man made.

20 What is Air Pollution? Where Does it Come From?

21

Mobile Sources of Air Pollution

•Personal Transportation •Cars •Trucks •Motorcycles and Scooters •Shipping •Off-road vehicles •Construction •Landfills •Recreation •Boats, ATV •Lawn Care #2 Coal Fueled Power Plants

24 Industry is the third largest source of Air Pollution in North Carolina People burning Manmade things, trash, construction debris, and other illegal things. 27 What is Air Pollution In the Past

28

The Past Donora 1948

This photo shows a street in Donora, PA in October 1948 - at around noon. Beginning Oct. 27, 1948 and lasting five days, a thick, acid smog of sulfuric gases and metal-laden particles settled on Donora - the result of industrial emissions trapped by an atmospheric inversion - and killed two dozen people, sickening 7,000 others. http://www.pollutionissues.com/Co-Ea/Donora-Pennsylvania.html

30 What is pollution? What is Air pollution

EPA Pollution Project had photographers make a visual record of pollution in the early 1970. The purpose was to create photos of the same areas to visually quantify the effect of the Clean Air Act and .

31 Then (1971)

32 2013

33 The US has the cleanest air in the world.

January 11, 2013: 700 micrograms per cubic meter PM2.5. The Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center Worldwide Air Quality Index: https://waqi.info

34 India’s Air Pollution Rivals China’s as World’s Deadliest

Smog blanketed New Delhi in 2016.

NEW DELHI — India’s rapidly worsening air pollution is causing about 1.1 million people to die prematurely each year and is now surpassing China’s as the deadliest in the world, a new study of global air pollution shows.

The number of premature deaths in China caused by dangerous air particles, known as PM2.5, has stabilized globally in recent years but has risen sharply in India, according to the report, issued jointly on Tuesday by the Health Effects Institute, a Boston research institute focused on the health impacts of air pollution, and the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, a population health research center in Seattle. The Eiffel Tower seen through a haze of air pollution in Paris in January of 2017. The United States and Europe have made good progress in cutting fine particulate air pollution since 1990 What Do We Know About Air Pollution? Criteria Pollutants • Ground Level Ozone • Particulate Matter • Carbon Monoxide • Lead • Sulfur Dioxide • Nitrogen

37 NOx Emissions Profile 1990, NOx 2014, NOx 630,919 tons 321,911 tons Power Plants Non-EGU Power Plants Non-EGU OnRoad Mobile NonRoad Mobile OnRoad Mobile NonRoad Mobile Area Sources Area Sources 5%

13% 11% 16% 33% 10% 11%

42% 9% 50%

Department of Environmental Quality

38 39 40 Success ! – What does it look like? Statewide Ozone (O3) Concentrations

0.13

0.12 1-hr NAAQS 0.12 ppm (discontinued in 1997)

0.11

0.1 Ozone (8-hr) 13% below limit 0.09 Ozone (1-hr) 40 % below limit 0.08 1997 NAAQS 0.80 ppm

Parts Per MillionPer Parts 2008 NAAQS 0.75 ppm 0.07 2015 NAAQS 0.70 ppm

0.06

0.05 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018

Department of Environmental Quality

41 Success ! – What does it look like?

Department of Environmental Quality

42 Department of Environmental Quality

43 Annual Statewide Emissions Trends, 1990 – 2014

900

800 NOx 700 VOC 600 SO2 500 PM10 400 PM2.5 300

Thousands Tons Per Year Per Tons Thousands 200

100

0 1990 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014

Source: US EPA National Emissions Inventory

Department of Environmental Quality

44 Changes in NC Power Plant Net Generation Net Generation has Increased by 5.6% from 2002 - 2016

2002 2016 Total Generation = 123.5 Million MWh Total Generation = 130.8 Million MWh

Natual Gas, 2% Natual Gas, 30%

Coal, 61% Nuclear, Nuclear, Coal, 33% 32% 29%

Other, Other, 9% 5%

Department of Environmental Quality

45 Annual Statewide Emissions Trends, 1993 – 2016 (Hazardous and Toxic Air Pollutants)

160,000,000

140,000,000

HAP+TAP totals 120,000,000

100,000,000

80,000,000

60,000,000

40,000,000 Pounds per Year per Pounds

20,000,000

0 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

Source: US EPA National Emissions Inventory Visibility of 150 miles Natural Summer Visibility of 77 miles Current Avg. Summer Visibility is 15 Miles Poor Visibility of <3 miles Be an Air Avenger and help keep our air clean NC Air Awareness

Learn about all of the great programs and projects that NC Air Awareness is involved in throughout the year at http://ncair.org/airaware

52 Playing with Fire • Fuel, air, and a spark will make things burn. The same elements are used in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. We will use molecule models to learn about chemistry of combustion, and how it can be used in a classroom to help your student understand: air, air quality, environmental health, how to reduce air pollution, and possibly save money. • The North Carolina Division of Air Quality provides these tools and resources to teachers for free. Air quality fits most strongly into the seventh grade science and high school earth and environmental essential standards, our resources can be used to teach about matter, biology, chemistry, energy and electricity, and personal economics. We will help you find the DAQ resources that best meet your educational need, and we promise that you won’t get burned and the school will escape unharmed.

53 How do you get the Forecast?

EPA: www.airnow.gov

https://xapps.ncdenr.org/aq /ForecastCenterEnvista

EnviroFlash Get an : Air quality app! forecast to mobile your inbox solutions 54 NC Air Awareness

NC Air Awareness is an education and outreach program within the Division of Air Quality. • Program includes community, partnership and education projects. • Focus on voluntary actions to help solve air pollution problems. • Provides free air quality outreach and education to citizens.

55

Air Awareness Programs and Areas of Work

• About N.C. Air Awareness: • https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/air-quality/air-quality-outreach/air-quality-public- involvement/air-awareness • The Air Quality forecast and AQI: https://xapps.ncdenr.org/aq/ForecastCenterEnvista • Community-based programs • K-12 education • Lesson Plans and Curricula: • https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/air-quality/air-quality-outreach/air-quality-public-involvement/air- awareness/teachers-students • It’s Our Air • www.itsourair.org • AQ-IQ Contest for Seventh Grade • http://web.eenorthcarolina.org/resource/about.aspx?s=121764.0.0.37430 • Partnerships

57 NC Air Awareness Air Awareness has a lot of tools to help you work with the public. These include the public on-line resources shared above and resources that are stored on the Air Awareness SharePoint. Each regional office also has a set of tools to help connect with students and the public. Activities, Lesson Plans, Teaching Tools and Curricula • Fifth Grade • Properties of Air • Air Is All Around Us • Alternative Energy • Seventh Grade • Transportation • Driving Choices • The Science of Air • High School: • When There Is Smoke

Department of Environmental Quality

58 NC Air Awareness NC Air Awareness conducts a variety of education and outreach projects. We informs citizens about air pollution and encourages them to take voluntary actions to improve air quality and protect their health. Education Outreach • Summer camps • DAQ Website • Internships • Facebook • Educational summits • Radio interviews • After-school programs • Newspaper • Parents academy • TV • Workshops for teachers • Health fairs and events

Department of Environmental Quality

59 What is air pollution?

To learn more about how we define air pollution and EPA’s six criteria air pollutants watch a quick video here: http://itsourair.org/1-4-criteria-pollutants-closer-look-ozone

60 NC Air Awareness

NC Air Awareness also supports local air quality programs that work directly with students, community groups, and businesses to improve air quality and protect health.

Charlotte Area Air Awareness http://charlotteairawareness.org/

Triad Area Air Awareness http://www.forsyth.cc/eap/air_awareness.asp

61 Please Contact:

Keith Bamberger, MPA, EngMgt, E.Edu Annie Lee, M.A. Education Melissa Kennedy Information and Communication Specialist Information and Communications Specialist Information and Communication Specialist Coordinator, AQ-IQ Contest N.C. Air Awareness N.C. Air Awareness N.C. Department of Environmental Quality Division of Air Quality Division of Air Quality, DEQ 828-296-4553 919.707.8710 919-707-8403 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Robin Barrows, MEnvMgt, CPM. Jonathan Navarro, M.S. Supervisor, Senior Environmental Specialist Allied Programs Branch N.C. Air Awareness Team Leader N.C. Department of Environmental Quality N.C. Department of Environmental Quality 919 707 8445 office 919 707 8494 office [email protected] [email protected]

Department of Environmental Quality

62 Think.Act.Breathe

NC Air Awareness [email protected] 919-707-8400

Department of Environmental Quality

63