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Seasonality and Frequency of Snake And WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSIRCF REPTILES • VOL15, &NO AMPHIBIANS 4 • DEC 2008 189 • 26(1):16–20 • APR 2019 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES Seasonality. Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi and) in Wisconsin: Frequency of Snake On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 and. TheGoanna Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus Incursions grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: on an Australian A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 AgriculturalRESEARCH ARTICLES Institute and the Attitudes . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida .............................................of StaffBrian RegardingJ. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge,Coexistence Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 CONSERVATION ALERT Matthew Mo . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 . More ThanP.O. Mammals Box A290, ............................................................................................................................... Sydney South, New South Wales 2000, Australia ([email protected])....................................... 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................................... 225 Photographs by the author. HUSBANDRY . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226 Abstract.—A PROFILEnumber of snakes and goannas persist in areas frequented by humans, such as the Elizabeth Macarthur . Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting Herpetology ................................................................................................ Michael L. Treglia 234 Agricultural Institute in New South Wales, Australia. This institute is used as both an office location and an agricultural demonstrationCOMMENTARY site, which inevitably results in snakes and goannas coming close to institute buildings, prompting con- cerns for human .safety.The Turtles Reports Have Been ofWatching snakes Me ........................................................................................................................and goannas within 100m of institute buildings Eric were Gangloff collected 238 over a three- year period; anBOOK analysis REVIEW of those data identified a seasonal pattern of incursions by three species between September and March. A short. Threatened verbal Amphibians survey ofrevealed the World editedthat by more S.N. Stuart, staff M. had Hoffmann, encountered J.S. Chanson, goannas N.A. Cox, than snakes. Most were cautious to curious when snakesR. Berridge, and P. goannasRamani, and B.E.were Young reported, .............................................................................................................. whereas only a minority admitted Robertto being Powell 243fearful when snakes were reported. CONSERVATION RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Conservation Research Reports ................................. 245 NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 uman interactions NEWBRIEFS with ............................................................................................................................... wildlife are complex. Herein, I report....................................................... on the seasonality 248and frequency of snake EDITORIAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 251 HInteractions can FOCUS be positive ON CONSERVATION when wildlife: A Project is valued You Can for Support ...............................................................................................and goanna incursions close to institute 252 buildings, and the either aesthetical, cultural, economic, or functional reasons results of a short verbal survey that gauged attitudes of insti- (Orams 2002; Wilkinson et al. 2014; Mo and Waterhouse tute staff regarding co-existence with snakes and goannas. 2015a). Conversely, conflicts arise from social, cultural, eco- nomic, political, or even environmentalFront Cover. factors Shannon (Barker Plummer. et Back Cover. Michael Kern Methods al. 2008; McClelland et al. 2011; TotatWhite et velleseque and Ward audant mo2011). TheTotat EMAI et velleseque is part audant of mo a 1,600-ha property approximately 70 estibus inveliquo velique rerchil estibus inveliquo velique rerchil Reptiles are among the least favorederspienimus, vertebrates quos accullabo. (Ceriaco Ilibus erspienimus,km southwest quos accullabo. of the Ilibus Sydney central business district (Fig. 1). 2012; Abell 2013). Members of theaut dolorgeneral apicto publicinvere pe dolumtend to aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque be more accommodating toward coexistencemoditia erere nonsediswith mammals,ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- birds, and fish than reptiles. For example,ma derrovitae urban voluptam, communi as quos - tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as ties in Australia develop overwhelmingaccullabo. attachments to local populations of iconic species such as the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus; e.g., Ward and Close 2004; Lunney et al. 2010) and Powerful Owl (Ninox strenua; e.g., McNabb et al. 2007; Mo and Waterhouse 2015b). On the contrary, a common response to reptiles is a desire to have them removed, with licensed handlers able to generate some income from relocat- ing them (Shine and Koenig 2001). In Australia, a number of front-fanged venomous snakes (family Elapidae) and goannas (family Varanidae) have per- sisted in frequently-used areas (Butler et al. 2005; Shea 2010). The Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (EMAI), situ- ated in Menangle, New South Wales, is an example of a well- Fig. 1. Layout of the Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute and its used facility vulnerable to incursions of snakes and goannas. location within the Sydney region. Copyright © 2019. Matthew Mo. All rights reserved. 16 IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 1098-6324 MO IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 26(1):16–20 • APR 2019 Owned by the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries since 1990, the property has been used as both a departmental office location and an agricultural demonstra- tion site. The landscape is a mosaic of open woodland rem- nants and livestock paddocks on gently undulating terrain situated between the Nepean River and the Razor Back Range (Starr et al. 2004; Mo 2017, 2018). Large permanent dams have been established to provide water in addition to ephem- eral floodplains. Vegetation restoration has been progressively implemented to create conservation corridors throughout the property. The institute buildings occupy 11 ha of the EMAI property and are situated south of a large permanent dam. The juxtapositioning of the institute buildings and agricultural land had led to staff encounters with wildlife, which has raised health and safety concerns. European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) warrens are common on the property, particularly Fig. 2. A Red-bellied Black Snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) descending into in the immediate vicinity of buildings (Fig. 2). These warrens a rabbit warren. provide retreat sites for other species, including reptiles. I collected data on snake and goanna sightings within the site. Sightings were primarily gathered by reports from 100 m of institute buildings at EMAI between February 2014 institute staff, either reported to reception or me directly. and February 2017, during the time when I had an office at Reporting wildlife sightings to the institute reception had Table 1. Questions that formed the semi-structured survey on the attitudes of institute staff toward snakes and goannas. Question Response range Has the participant seen a snake on the institute grounds? Yes No How does the participant feel when they hear a snake has been sighted? Afraid Wary, but not afraid Curious, but not concerned Not curious or concerned What is the participant’s ideal standing in relation to snakes on the institute grounds? Never want to see them Don’t mind seeing them Want to see them Has the participant seen a goanna on the institute grounds? Yes No How does the participant feel when they hear a goanna has been sighted? Afraid Wary, but not afraid Curious, but not concerned Not curious or concerned What is the participant’s ideal standing in relation to goannas on the institute grounds? Never want to see them Don’t mind seeing them Want to see them 17 MO IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 26(1):16–20 • APR 2019 been a long-running practice intended for circulating precau- tionary notifications to staff. These reported sightings tended to be biased toward animals found directly outside institute buildings and potentially hazardous species, such as
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