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SWR2 Musikglobal SWR2 MANUSKRIPT ESSAYS FEATURES KOMMENTARE VORTRÄGE __________________________________________________________________________ SWR2 MusikGlobal Mit Waschbrett und Besenstiel-Baß Jug-Bands und Skiffle-Gruppen Von Christoph Wagner Sendung: Dienstag, 10. April 2018, 23.03 Uhr Redaktion: Anette Sidhu-Ingenhoff Produktion: SWR 2018 __________________________________________________________________________ Bitte beachten Sie: Das Manuskript ist ausschließlich zum persönlichen, privaten Gebrauch bestimmt. Jede weitere Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung bedarf der ausdrücklichen Genehmigung des Urhebers bzw. des SWR. __________________________________________________________________________ Service: SWR2 MusikGlobal können Sie auch als Live-Stream hören im SWR2 Webradio unter www.swr2.de __________________________________________________________________________ Kennen Sie schon das Serviceangebot des Kulturradios SWR2? Mit der kostenlosen SWR2 Kulturkarte können Sie zu ermäßigten Eintrittspreisen Veranstaltungen des SWR2 und seiner vielen Kulturpartner im Sendegebiet besuchen. Mit dem Infoheft SWR2 Kulturservice sind Sie stets über SWR2 und die zahlreichen Veranstaltungen im SWR2-Kulturpartner-Netz informiert. Jetzt anmelden unter 07221/300 200 oder swr2.de 1. Musik Kompon.: Memphis Jug Band Titel: Jug Band Music Interpret: Jim Kweskin & The Jug Band CD: Jim Kweskin & The Jug Band – Greatest Hits Label:Vanguard Records Bestellnr.: 13/14-2 1. Track Dauer: bei 0:07 Ansage Heute: Mit Waschbrett und Besenstiel-Baß: Jug-Bands und Skiffle-Gruppen von Christoph Wagner 1. Musik (Fortsetzung) Kompon.: Memphis Jug Band Titel: Jug Band Music Interpret: Jim Kweskin & The Jug Band Dauer: kurz hochziehen, dann unter nachfolgende Mod legen Schwarze Bluessänger mit Gitarre und weiße Hillbillies mit Fiddle und Banjo, dazu Blasorchester, Jazzkapellen und Gospelchöre – so sah die musikalische Landschaft des amerikanischen Südens Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts aus. Dazu kamen die Jugbands und Waschbrett-Gruppen, die bei Tanzveranstaltungen und Grillfesten für ausgelassene Stimmung sorgten und in Kneipen und Spelunken für wilde Unterhaltung, auch dafür, dass der Alkohol floß – in Strömen! 1. Musik (Fortsetzung) Kompon.: Memphis Jug Band Titel: Jug Band Music Interpret: Jim Kweskin & The Jug Band Dauer: bis Ende spielen (3:18) Jugbands und Waschbrett-Combos waren aus der materiellen Not entstanden. Das billige, oftmals selbstgebaute Instrumentarium eröffnete den unteren Gesellschaftsschichten den Zugang zur Musik. Dazu kam eine einfache Songstruktur, die selbst Anfängern das Mitmachen ermöglichte, aber auch Virtuosen Möglichkeiten zur Entfaltung bot. Snobs nannten deshalb die „Jug Band Music“ abschätzig: „Jazz für Arme“. 2. Musik Kompon.: Trad. Titel: Jug Band Special Interpret: Whistler’s Jug Band CD: Ruckus Juice & Chittlins – The Great Jug Bands Vol. 2 Label: Yazoo Bestellnr.: 2033 19. Track Dauer: 3:09 Das Merkmal, das herausstach und den Jug Bands letztlich den Namen gab, war das außergewöhnliche Instrumentarium, wobei vor allem der Jug auffiel. Bei diesem Klangerzeuger handelte es sich um einen bauchiger Flaschenkrug aus Ton mit 2 kurzem Hals, auf dem der Baß geblasen wurde – richtiger: gesummt, was einen kräftigen, aufgerauhten Ton ergab, der dem einer Tuba ähnelte. Andere Gebrauchsgegenstände, die musikalisiert wurden, waren Glocken, Teekessel und das Waschbrett, auf dem komplexe Rhythmen mit Münzen oder zwei Gabeln geschlagen oder gerieben werden konnten. Aus einem rostigen Blechzuber, einem alten Besenstiel und einem dicken Draht wurde ein einsaitiger Zupfbass gebastelt. Eine Zigarrenkiste bot sich zum Bau einer Ukulele an und aus Zuckerrohr ließ sich eine Art Panflöte schnitzen, die Quills genannt wurde. Dazu kamen billige Banjos, Gitarren, Mundharmonikas, Mandolinen und Kazoos, die durch Versandhäuser den Weg selbst ins abgelegenste Hinterland fanden. Zwischen solchen Musikgruppen mit Instrumenten der Marke Eigenbau und primitiven Stringbands oder Jazzkapellen gab es kaum einen Unterschied. 3. Musik Kompon.: Jed Davenport Titel: Piccolo Blues Interpret: Jed Davenport & His Beal Street Jug Band CD: Ruckus Juice & Chittlins – The Great Jug Bands Vol. 2 Label: Yazoo Bestellnr.: 2033 22. Track Dauer: 1:47 Die meisten Jugbands zeichneten sich durch einen lebhaften Sound aus, der rustikal und ungeschliffen daherkam und einen schwungvollen Rhythmus besaß. Sie brachten alte Folksongs zur Aufführung, populäre Bluesnummern, Ragtime-Titel und Country-Dance-Melodien. Ja selbst Stücke aus dem Programm der Minstrelshows und bekannte Walzermelodien wurden herangezogen. Jugbands war auf dem Land aktiv. Doch auch in den Städten ertönte ihr Sound, weil dort die Chancen größer waren, an den Wochenenden einen Auftritt zu ergattern. Und während der Woche konnte man auf öffentlichen Plätzen, an Straßenecken oder vor Fabriktoren für das Kleingeld der Passanten spielen. 4. Musik Kompon.: Prairie Ramblers Titel: Jug Rag Interpret: Prairie Ramblers CD: Ruckus Juice & Chittlins – The Great Jug Bands Vol. 2 Label: Yazoo Bestellnr.: 2033 23. Track Dauer: 2:52 Traditionsgemäß waren die amerikanischen Binnenhäfen wie Cincinnati, St. Louis oder Memphis am Mississippi Wimmelplätze des Unterhaltungsgewerbes. Flußschiffer, Hafenarbeiter und Handlanger, die auf Kähnen arbeiteten, hauten an ihrem freien Tag auf den Putz, weshalb es in den Hafenvierteln vor Spielern, Prostituierten und Gaunern nur so wimmelte. Solch zwielichtige Gestalten waren darauf aus, den Bootsleuten das Geld aus der Tasche zu ziehen. 3 Oft waren diese Städte auch Knotenpunkte bzw. Endstationen von Eisenbahnstrecken, wo Zugbegleiterteams einen Tag lang Rast einlegten, und Landstreicher, Hobos und Vagabunden sich trafen. Kein Wunder, dass dort Tanz- und Vergnügungshallen florierten und es in Kneipen und Kaschemmen hoch herging. In Memphis, Tennessee war die Beale Street die Lastenmeile, wo ein Etablissement neben dem anderen lag und die Vergnügungssüchtigen willkommen hieß. Musikgruppen mußten genügend Lärm machen, um die Kundschaft anzulocken. 5. Musik Kompon.: Will Shade, Jenny Shade Titel: He’s in the jailhouse now Interpret: Memphis Jug Band CD: Ruckus Juice & Chittlins – The Great Jug Bands Vol. 2 Label: Yazoo Bestellnr.: 2033 14. Track Dauer: 1:02 6. Musik Kompon.: Will Shade, Jenny Shade Titel: In the jailhouse now Interpret: Soggy Bottom Boys CD: Various – O Brother, Where Art Thou? (Music From The Motion Picture) Label: Mercury Bestellnr.: 170 069-2 15. Track Dauer: 1:43 Wie der Gruppenname schon sagt, war die Memphis Jug Band in der Stadt am Mississippi aktiv. Gerade war sie mit dem Titel „He’s in the jailhouse now“ zu hören, einer Nummer, die durch den Coen-Brothers Film „O brother where art thou“ im Jahr 2000 zu weltweiter Berühmtheit kam. Dieser Titel aus dem Soundtrack schloß sich an die historische Aufnahme an. Die Memphis Jug Band war die Gruppe des Harmonika-Spielers Will Shade. Sie war eine der bekanntesten Combos des Genres und nahm allein in den Jahren zwischen 1927 und 1934 mehr als 160 Schallplattenseiten für die Labels Victor und OKey auf. Für jedes aufgenommene Stück erhielt die Band 50 Dollar. Dazu kamen die Komponistenanteile, die Will Shade kassierte, der normalerweise die Stücke schrieb, zu denen seine Frau Jennie die Texte lieferte. Die beiden verdienten dabei so prächtig, dass sie ein stattliches Haus in Memphis erwerben konnten und auch sonst einen recht opulenten Lebensstil führten. 7. Musik Kompon.: Will Shade Titel: Stealin’ Stealin’ Interpret: Memphis Jug Band CD: Ruckus Juice & Chittlins – The Great Jug Bands Vol. 2 Label: Yazoo Bestellnr.: 2033 9. Track Dauer: 1:40 4 Wenn eine Plattensession anstand, bekam Will Shade von der Memphis Jug Band zwei Monate vorher Bescheid. Das war genug Zeit, um neue Songs zu schreiben und einzustudieren. Shade feilte dann oft tagelang an einer Melodie und sang sie so lange, bis er sie wie im Schlaf konnte. Die Songs waren dem Format einer Schellackplatte angepasst: 3 Minuten und nicht länger. Der Bandleader war stolz darauf, dass seine Titel normalerweise diesem Zeitlimit entsprachen. Nachdem die Melodie und der Text niedergeschrieben worden waren, ging das Stück an die Southern Music Corporation, die das Copyright verwaltete. Beim „Cocaine Habit Blues“ wurde die Memphis Jug Band durch die Sängerin Hattie Hart verstärkt, wobei Bandleader Will Shade mit virtuosem Mundharmonika-Spiel brillierte. 8. Musik Kompon.: Will Shade Titel: Cocaine Habit Blues Interpret: Memphis Jug Band CD: Ruckus Juice & Chittlins – The Great Jug Bands Vol. 1 Label: Yazoo Bestellnr.: 2032 3. Track Dauer: 2:49 Der Erfolg der Memphis Jug Band brachte die Talentscouts anderer Plattenfirmen nach Memphis auf der Suche nach Gruppen ähnlichen Formats. Sie stießen auf Gus Cannon, der nicht nur ein formidables Banjo spielte, sondern zusätzlich noch den Bass auf einem Ölkanister blies, den er auf einem Gestell um den Hals trug. Cannon war im Unterhaltungsgewerbe ein geübter Haudegen, der jahrelang – wie so viele Jugband-Musiker – sein Geld in fahrenden „Medicine Shows“ verdient hatte. Jetzt hob er mit Cannon’s Jug Stompers eine schlagkräftige Truppe aus der Taufe, die keine Konkurrenz zu fürchten brauchte. Mit dem Mundharmonikaspieler Noah Lewis hatten sie einen echten Virtuosen in ihren Reihen. 9. Musik Kompon.: Titel: Walk right in Interpret: Cannon’s Jug Stompers CD: The Best Of Cannon's Jug Stompers Label: Yazoo Bestellnr.: 2060 8. Track Dauer: 2:56 Die Jugbands hatten ihre große Zeit in den 1920er und 1930er Jahren, danach ebbte die Begeisterung ab. Nach dem 2. Weltkrieg
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