Plant Ecology Sabanci University 30. April 2009 Lecturer: Prof. em. Dr. Klaus Ammann, University of Bern, Switzerland
Rain forests Jamaica Readers: only the essentials on biogeography and the vegetation types and ecology, compare slides
Asprey, G.F. & Robbins, R.G. (1953) The Vegetation of Jamaica. Ecological Monographs, 23, 4, pp 359-412 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Jamaica/Asprey-Vegetation-Jamaica-1953.pdf
Acevedo-Rodriguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2008) Floristic richness and affinities in the West Indies. Botanical Review, 74, 1, pp 5-36 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Jamaica/Acevedo-Floristic-Richness-West-Indies-2008.pdf
Tanner, E. V. J., P. M. Vitousek and E. Cuevas (1998), Experimental investigation of nutrient limitation of forest growth on wet tropical mountains, Ecology, 79, 1, pp. 10-22,
and a short link to rainforest ecology, the basics for the exam: http://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/rainforest_ecology.html
Flora und Vegetation Jamaicas
Vegetation map from Schmitthüsen
Vegetationskarte Schmitthüsen Jamaica tectonic landbridges from tertiary age
Tektonische Landbrücken Asprey, G.F. & Robbins, R.G. (1953) The Vegetation of Jamaica. Ecological Monographs, 23, 4, pp 359-412 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Jamaica/Asprey-Vegetation-Jamaica-1953.pdf
Höhenstufen Antillen •
Pflanzengeographie Antillen, Mittelamerika Biogeographie Westindien Asprey, G.F. & Robbins, R.G. (1953) The Vegetation of Jamaica. Ecological Monographs, 23, 4, pp 359-412 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Jamaica/Asprey-Vegetation-Jamaica-1953.pdf * Karibische Biogeographie Biogeographical relationships in Tertiary
Asprey, G.F. & Robbins, R.G. (1953) The Vegetation of Jamaica. Ecological Monographs, 23, 4, pp 359-412 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Jamaica/Asprey-Vegetation-Jamaica-1953.pdf Karibische Biogeographie, Tertiär Acevedo-Rodriguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2008) Floristic richness and affinities in the West Indies. Botanical Review, 74, 1, pp 5-36 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Jamaica/Acevedo-Floristic-Richness-West-Indies-2008.pdf Acevedo-Rodriguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2008) Floristic richness and affinities in the West Indies. Botanical Review, 74, 1, pp 5-36 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Jamaica/Acevedo-Floristic-Richness-West-Indies-2008.pdf Acevedo-Rodriguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2008) Floristic richness and affinities in the West Indies. Botanical Review, 74, 1, pp 5-36 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Jamaica/Acevedo-Floristic-Richness-West-Indies-2008.pdf Acevedo-Rodriguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2008) Floristic richness and affinities in the West Indies. Botanical Review, 74, 1, pp 5-36 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Jamaica/Acevedo-Floristic-Richness-West-Indies-2008.pdf Cyathea furfuracea Verbreitung Cyathea furfuracea, Cyatheaceae
Cyathea furfuracea Cyathea furfuracea
Cyathea furfuracea Cneorum: Karibik-Mittelmeer Cneorum pulverulentum, Cneoraceae, nahe Daphne
Cneorum pulverulentum Beispiel Ocotea Topographie Jamaica Wichtige Bodentypen Niederschläge Jamaica total 0-1 month with less than 10cm rain 1-2 2-3 more than 6 months with less than10cm rain
* Niederschläge Jamaica saisonal Jamaica Vegetation 2000 Jamaica Vegetation 2000
Jamaica,Vegetation Eastern Part,
Blue Mountains Jamaica Vegetation Detail Blue Mountains Legende vergrössert Legende vergrössert Blue Mountains at noon, the trade winds bring the clouds
Blue Mountains, mittags Blue Mountains quer Lower Montane Rain Forest Typisch für Regenwälder: Sehr wenig Biomasse in den niedrigen Böden: Lower Montane Rainforest, Untergrund Kalkfelsen
Kalk-Untergund Thrinax excelsa, lower Montane Rainforest heart of palm edible
Thrinax excelsa Heliconia caribaea, Musaceae
Heliconia caribaea Heliconia caribaea
Heliconia caribaea Cyathea microdonta, lower montane rainforest
Cyathea microdonta Cyathea microdonta, Cyatheaceae
Cyathea microdonta Brassia caudata, Orchidaceae
Brassia caudata Brassia caudata, Orchidaceae
Brassia caudata George Hull mit Riesenbohne von Entada gigas, Mimosaceae
* George Hull, Entada gigas Entada gigas, Mimosaceae Oberer Teil der Riesenbohne
* Entada gigas Entada gigas, unreife Frucht mit Chalaza (Verbindung zu Fruchtblatt) * Entada gigas Entada gigas, Mimosaceae, Frucht aufgeschnitten, Chalaza sichtbar
* Entada gigas Entada gigas, Sea Hart, Funde sogar in Norwegen dank Golfstrohm
* Entada gigas * Entada gigas Entada gigas, Mimosaceae, section through stem, tracheae ca. 1mm
* Entada gigas Stem of Entada gigas, trachaea, water reservoir
* Entada gigas Dorstenia fawcettii, Moraceae, pollinated by snails Dorstenia fawcettii John Crow Peak, morning, below: artificial pine forests, all destroyed by hurricane Andrew 1998 John Crow Peak Mor: Rohhumus, in den Tropen eine Ausnahme, nur möglich, da der Boden extrem sauer und damit arm an zersetzenden Mikroorganismen John Crow Peak, Vegetation Mist Forest Mor Forest Mist Forest
Mor Forest Marcgrafia umbellata mit bestäubendem Doctor Bird Marcgravia umbellata and Doctor Bird Marcgravia nectaria upside down
Marcgravia umbellata Nektarien falsch positioniert Marcgravia umbellata Nektarien korrekt dargestellt Bat Hylonycteris underwoodii at Marcgravia nervosa rainforest of La Selva, Costa Rica. Approach from above and reaching the nectaria below, getting pollen at gorge and breast, photo M. Tschapka
Fledermaus an Marcgravia nervosa Pilea grandifolia, Urticaceae
Pilea grandifolia, Urtikaceae Mist Forest, Tillandsia campanulata Bromeliaceae
Tillandsia campanulata Epiphyt Scybalium jamaicense, John Crow Nose, Balanophoraceae female cones lives parasitic on tree ferns Scybalium jamaicense weiblich Parasit Scybalium jamaicense, John Crow Nose, Balanophoraceae male cones lives as parasite on tree ferns Scybalium jamaicense männlich Pilotrichum jamaicense tropical hanging moss
Pilotrichum jamaicense Hängemoos Solanum punctulatum Solanaceae, abundant tree Mull-Forest
Solanum punctulatum baumförmig Solanum punctulatum, Solanaceae, Mull-Forest flowers
Solanum punctulatum Blüten Leucoloma serrulatum, Mull – Forest, epiphytic moss on tree
Leucoloma serrulatum, Mull Forest, Rindenmoos Podocarpus urbani, Podocarpaceae, Gymnospermae
Podocarups urbani Gymnospermae Podocarpus urbani, Podocarpaceae, Gymnospermae, Arillae: scales of cones fleshy, eaten by animals, spreading the seeds Podocarpus urbani Lepanthes cochleariifolia, Orchidaceae, epiphytic, ca. 4cm broad
Lepanthes cochleariifolia Hedyosmum arborescens Chloranthaceae, Cold-Bush (medicinal plant against colds) one of the most ancestral plant families Hedyosmum arborescens Chloranthaceae, frühe Angiospermen-Evolution Blackea trinervia Melastomataceae typical innervation for the family
Blackea trinervia Melastomataceae Blakea trinevia, Melastomataceae
Blakea trinervia Melastomataceae Meriania purpurea Melastomataceae
Meriania purpurea, Melastomataceae Meriania purpurea, Melastomataceae
Meriania purpurea, Melastomataceae Blechnum fragile , epiphytic fern Blechnum fragile Baumsitzer Blechnum fragile Blechnum fragile Nerven Blatt-Unterseite Marattia alata, Marattiaceae ancient fern genus
Marattia alata, Marattiaceae, Eu-Sporangiatae Marattia alata, Marattiaceae , ancient fern genus
Marattia alata Diplazium Diplazium Diplazium sp.
Diplazium Diplazium Diplazium Trichomanes robustum Hymenophyllaceae
Trichomanes robustum Grammitis grahamii
Grammitis grahamii Hymenophyllum lanatum, extreme case of collecting water droplets with hairs Hymenophyllum lanatum Hymenophyllum lanatum, extreme case of mist droplets collection
Hymenophyllum lanatum Guarea swartzii, Meliaceae, one of the common mist forest species
Guarea swartzii, Meliaceae Guarea swartzii, Meliaceae , common tree in mist forest
Guare Swartzii Anthurium scandens, Araceae with a small green spatha
Anthurium scandens Dendropanax pendulum, Araliacaeae a relative of ivy
Dendropanax pendulum, Araliaceae Mor-Forest with Alchornea latifolia
Mor-Forest Alchornea latifolia Alchornea latifolia Euphorbiaceae
Alchornea latifolia Alchornea latifolia chloroform leaf extract from Monteverde These A-ring-opened triterpenoids show in-vitro cytotoxic activity against Hep-G2 and A-431 human cancer cell lines and are potent inhibitors of topoisomerase II. Research done at Missouri Bot. Garden
Alchornea latifolia, Krebsmittel Schradera involucrata, Rubiaceae, climbing, mist forest Jamaica
Schradera involucrata, Rubiaceae Rhamnus sphaerospermus, Rhamnaceae, one of the few European genera
Rhamnus sphaerospermus Viburnum alpinum, Caprifoliaceae, another rare European genus
Viburnum alpinum Bletia florida, Orchidaceae, an abundant orchid in disturbed places Bletia florida Epidendrum diffusum, Orchidaceae, epiphytic, mist forests
Epidendrum diffusum Oncidium tetrapterum Orchidaceae, a common species in many habitats of Jamaican forests
Oncidium tetrapterum Epidendrum verrucosum, Orchidaceae, disturbed habitats
Epidendrum verrucosum Epidendrum verrucosum Orchidaceae in disturbed habitats
Epidendrum verrucosum Epidendrum verrucosum Orchidaceae two colors of the lip
Epidendrum verrucosum Ponthieva ventricosa, Orchidaceae, terrestrial orchid
Ponthieva ventricosa Malaxis integra, Orchidaceae small terrestrial orchid
Malaxis integra Prescottia oligantha, Orchidaceae small terrestrial orchid with minute flowers
Prescottia oligantha Bauxit surface mining in Schmallenberg, central Jamaica, orchid sanctuary
Bauxit-Tagebau, Schmallenberg Lopadium quercizans, minute lichen on tree bark, mist forest Jamaica
Lopadium quercizans Cinchona, Forest Center
Cinchona, forest center Forerst clearing 3 Months
Forest Clearing Gleichenia japonica from wikipedia Gleichenia bankroftii Pteridophyta
Gleichenia bankroftii Tibouchina urvilleana, Melastomataceae
Tibouchina urvilleana Tibouchina urvilleana
Tibouchina urvilleana Chusquea abietina, Bambusoideae, Poaceae
Chusquea abietina Chusquea abietina, 1992: 31-year period ended in flowering and death of Chusquea on the whole Island regeneration from seeds
Chusquea abietina, 31-jährige Blühperiode Seifriz, W. (1920), The Length of the Life Cycle of a Climbing Bamboo. A Striking Case of Sexual Periodicity in Chusquea abietifolia Griseb, American Journal of Botany, 7, 3, pp. 83-94, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2435166 AND http://www.ask- force.org/web/Jamaica/Seifert-Life-Cycle-Climbing-Bamboo-1920.pdf
Marchesini, V. A., O. E. Sala and A. T. Austin (2009), Ecological consequences of a massive flowering event of bamboo (Chusquea culeou) in a temperate forest of Patagonia, Argentina, Journal of Vegetation Science, 20, 3, pp. 424-432,
Pearson, A. K., O. P. Pearson and I. A. Gomez (1994), BIOLOGY OF THE BAMBOO CHUSQUEA-CULEOU (POACEAE, BAMBUSOIDEAE) IN SOUTHERN ARGENTINA, Vegetatio, 111, 2, pp. 93-126,
Clidemia hirta Miconia quadrangularis Melastomataceae plants of disturbed habitats Jamaica
Miconia quadrangularis Pittosporum umbellatum, Pittosporaceae, from New Zealand, invasive
Pittosporum umbellatum invasiv Pittosporum umbellatum, Pittosporaceae, from New Zealand, invasive
Pittosporum umbellatum Pittosporum umbellatum, Pittosporaceae, from New Zealand, invasive
Pittosporum umbellatum Pittosporum umbellatum, Pittosporaceae, from New Zealand, invasive Pittosporum umbellatum Polygonum chinense, Polygonaceae, invasive
Polygonum chinense Polygonum chinense, Polygonaceae, invasive Gleichenia bifida Pteridophyta highly invasive fern, invades disturbed habitats here a path which has been broadened for eco-tourism
Gleichenia bifida Hibiscus elatus, Malvaceae, common forest tree, lower levels, Jamaica Blue Mahoe Hibiscus elatus Blue Mahoe, Hibiscus elatus common forest tree Jamaica Juwellery Box made of Blue Mahoe, Hibiscus elatus picasaweb.google.com/.../vo__Tl7bzSS5ARc_0GtvJA
Gleichenia bifida Pteridophyta
Gleichenia bifida Bocconia frutescens Papaveraceae typical for forest clearings
Bocconia frutescens Bocconia frutescens proterandric
Bocconia frutescens Sida acuta, Malvaceae Broomweed
Sida acuta Cnemidaria horrida, huge fern with big thorns at trunc
Cnemidaria horrida Cannabis sativa,
Cannabis sativa Napoleona imperialis, Lecythidaceae from the old British Botanic Garden
Napoleona imperialis Napoleona imperialis, Lecythidaceae
Napoleona imperialis Barringtonia asiatica, Lecythidaceae, opening flower, used for fishing
Barringtonia asiatica Barringtonia asiatica, Lecythidaceae, open flower, used for fishing http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1329/616853523_9819668655.jpg?v=0 highly synchronous leaf renewal, leaf sheading strategy against herbivores Brownea rosa-del-monte Fabaceae
Blatt-Schüttung highly synchronous leaf renewal, strategy against herbivores
Blatt-Schüttung Bombax ellipticum, Bombacaceae, Bat-Pollination Bombax ellipticum, Bombacaceae Beautia, Caesalpiniaceae, Bird Pollination
Beautia, Caesalpiniaceae Carludovica palmata Cyclanthaceae
Carludovica palmata Cananga alata, Ylang Ylang, Annonaceae, important perfume
Cananga odorata, Ylang Ylang, Parfüm Cananga odorata Ylang Ylang Annonaceae important perfume
Cananga odorata Cananga alata, Ylang Ylang, Annonaceae, important perfume, flowers http://www.ageless.co.za/herb-ylang-ylang.htm Cananga odorata Asplenium underwoodianum, Polypodiaceae, John Crow Peak a rare plant, believed extinct, rediscovered 1992 Asplenium underwoodianum Carausius, Stabheuschrecke, walking stick
Carausius Stabheuschrecke, walking stick
Stabheuschrecke reparing a Volkswagen bus, Kingston, Jamaica 1992
Autoreparatur Obeo Rites at Easter, 1992, near Kingston, Jamaica, with christian elements Obeo-Riten Ostern Satureja viminea Lamiaceae, Jamaica, John Crow peak, elfin forest 1992 popular medicinal plant among motherwomen Satureja viminea Teloschistes laevigata epiphytic lichen Elfin forest J.Crow Peak, Jamaica
Teloschistes laevigata Trentepolia cf. eliunque John Crow Peak limestone wall near top
Trentepohlia cf. eliunque
100.htm -
Trentepolia cf. eliunque John Crow Peak limestone wall near top http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/ Chlorophyta/Chlorophyta Trentepohlia cf. eliunque Schleimpilz Myxomycetes, sporulating phase, Jamaica, decaying wood
Myxomycetes fungal infection on fallen leaf, Mist forest Jamaica 1992 Blatt Pilzbefall Amherstia nobilis , Caesalpiniaceae, named after Lady Amherst, the wife of the former Governor of Burma, the Pride of Burma Amherstia Hurricane Dean in Jamaica