21St Century Kalihi Transformation Initiative

21st Century Kalihi Transformation Initiative

Draft Vision Report Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Visioning Process and Outreach 1.2.1 Vision Committee 1.2.2 Planning Area 1.2.3 Visioning Process 1.2.4 Public Meetings and Outreach

Chapter 2: Vision Concept 2.1 Vision Statement 2.2 Related Plans 2.3 Adjacent Projects

Chapter 3: Existing Conditions & Community Profile 3.1 Socio-Economic Characteristics 3.2 Regulatory Context and Existing Land Use 3.3 Land Ownership 3.4 Built Environment 3.5 Opportunities and Constraints 3.6 Summary of Infrastructure

Chapter 4: Best Practices* 4.1 Adaptive Re-use of Jails & Prison Sites 4.2 ‘What is gentrification?’

Chapter 5: Next Steps*

*Work-in-progress (Content will be created based on future meetings with the VC in early 2017) List of Figures

List of Appendices

Appendix A: Visioning Process - List of Vision Committee members - Summary of input - Meeting notes

Appendix B: Related Plans - Kalihi-Palama Action Plan (2004) - Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan (2014)

Appendix C: Data - Demographic Trends

Appendix D: Planning Tools* - Enterprise Zone

*Work-in-progress (Content will be created based on future meetings with the VC in early 2017) Introduction Fern Park

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R T V I S T I PUN S A LINA H A E W M Y A A H W W E Kuhio O H M E P A K L K I Park Terrace G L NE E E A K N T R I KAIKU S T L T I Z S O L N T E K T S A S I N AI I AN LP K E N H L A H D L Kamehameha ID I A M W M E U OANAL W L UA FWY H1 F Shopping K WY A Source: Google Street View 2016 E H 1 FWY Center M VE Jikoen Hongwanji A K Temple C LI U N G Figure 1-1: Area of Focus L K ILIHAU D 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Visioning Process and Outreach ST R H A Kamehameha 1WB EX H IT 1 C B H 8 NIM I E ITZ EXIT R Kalihi Park A C L The 21st Century Kalihi Initiative was instituted in August 2016 by K A H1 L ¨¦§ E Waena D Y R ST B Governor David Ige and the State Office of Planning (OP) to produce a 1.2.1 Vision Committee I S E Transit UM T Park R N IC A Vision Committee (VC) comprised of area legislators, Center E vision concept that re-imagines the future of Kalihi in the event the O‘ahu S T A N L A Community Correctional Center (OCCC) is relocated or replaced. The neighborhood board members, representatives from the public S N C I H S O T O Hawai‘i Department of Public Safety is actively evaluating options for the and private sectors, social service agencies, and community-based T L N N IMIT S S Z H R T WY TE IS E organizations was formed by the Governor to provide balanced N T E V replacement of the aging facility, which has been in operation since 1975. N I S H A A L 1 Middle St B T I E A S A B M A E K K A H K A L representation from different community and business interests. P A IA The purpose of this effort was to understand community needs, K O LI P T Station AM K H A S H I K G I EH O IN S A N IL T M R A concerns, and desires for the site and surrounding area, and to articulate a E A T H Mokauea M GH A P U H O Keehi W H vision informed and inspired by community aspirations. 1.2.2 Planning Area Y Park Lagoon Farrington The planning area originally designated by the Governor’s Office T Peter Occupying 16-acres of State land, the existing OCCC site and its Park S I ¨¦§H1 IH L N K High School Buck A IN anticipated redevelopment* is the impetus for exploring how the site’s is bound by Middle Street on the north side, King Street on the mauka K G H ST Loi A Park K side, and Kohou Street on the south side. The western boundary of the A Kalo transformation can serve as a catalyst for large-scale redevelopment in the E K DR OCCC L A U H W A Park A N site generally follows the City’s Kalihi Neighborhood Transit-Oriented E U Kamehameha Kalihi neighborhood. By examining the OCCC site’s potential to transform L N A E A S S H T H T U A U A Homes Development Plan boundary, which is one-half mile radius from the L L social, physical, and economic conditions, the vision aims to catalyze a O A O K P S E T L L E S preferred future for Kalihi in the 21st Century. future rail stations (see Figure 1-2). T

H Based on its research and findings, the VC determined in the O O L N H A E A A E Kalihi P L L early stages of the planning process that there would be more value in L O N N O A Station Kalakaua *City Council Resolution 15-078, CD 1 (OCCC) sets forth the rationale for the relocation of L S focusing on the OCCC site (see Figure 1-1). Thus, this study envisions O T M Rec Center M O E OCCC and requests the establishment of an OCCC Site Redevelopment Task Force. O A the transformation of the OCCC site as the impetus for large-scale K S A T U Honolulu H D L A T R A U S improvements to the area. S O S T L IL T Harbor IL M E A N K C A C M I O A L Honolulu B W U Cosmopolitan R N D UCC R K S A T C N C A R A K D D A D I N IL T N R U L S U A E I I N L P S N A U S U T G A I H H O B K A K W H D L A A O D IC R L M A A N R T A B U O P A H A N M M S E O N S I LV U L M S T S D A M Korean Baptist A E T T L A H R I E Church U I S R U L T U D E T Kanoa P E S M S T T S A O U M Park C O A R H L A O A T T K P T Kanoa S K S A S A T K A A H E E A K Street U I O A S K K T O S Park IL T M V S A A M S A T L A P M LN A N R TI Y US S A T Honolulu AUI KI ST Community College T K S A Banyan N Y O B Kapalama A B I Court S L Station T

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Figure 1-2: Planning Area R T V I S T I PUN S A LINA H A E W M Y A A H W W E Kuhio O H M E P A K L K I Park Terrace G L NE E E A K N T R I KAIKU S T L T I Z S O L N T E K T S A S I N AI I AN LP K E N H L A H D L Kamehameha ID I A M W M E U OANAL W L UA FWY H1 F Shopping K WY A E H 1 FWY Center M VE Jikoen Hongwanji A K Temple C LI U N G L KIL PROCESS IHAU D ST R H A Kamehameha 1WB EX H IT 1 C B H 8 NIM I E ITZ EXIT R Kalihi Park A C L K A H1 L ¨¦§ E Waena D Y R T B I S S E Transit UM T Park R N IC 1.2.3 Visioning Process Center E S T A N L A S C N I H S O T O L N N T IMIT S S Z H R T (1) Revisits the community’s values in previous planning studies WY TE IS T E PA N E V S N I S H A T A L 1 V Middle St B T I E A A S A B M A L E K K A H U K A L and outreach efforts in Kalihi P A IA E K O LI P T S Station AM K H A S H I K G I EH O IN S A N IL T P M R A E A T R H Mokauea M GH (2) Identifies present-day priorities specific to the OCCC site A P U E H O Keehi W H S Y Park N E Lagoon O N Farrington (3) Puts forth a shared vision that imagines the transformation of I T T Peter Park S T - I ¨¦§H1 D IH A L N High School Buck A KI T A NG K S the OCCC site as a catalyst for large-scale change Y H T Loi A Park N K A E P D Kalo E K R R OCCC L A U H M W A Park I A N E U Kamehameha E O L N A E A S S H T L R H T U A U A Homes L L P I O A O T K The vision presented here is the result of a process that

P S E E T L I L E M S X E T I S I revisited previous planning efforts, identified present-day S H + T O L O A N H I A E A N E Kalihi L P L N L O N N priorities, and articulates a vision with a focus on the OCCC G

O A A Station Kalakaua L S O C T L M

Rec Center M E O

O P

O A site. The input received at various stages of vision development is K S N A T U

Honolulu H D L D A T R A U S

S O S I L L T summarized and documented in Appendix A. T T I

Harbor IL M E A I

N K O C A

C M I O A Honolulu N

L W In the first phase of the process, meetings were held to B U Cosmopolitan S R N D UCC R K S A T C N C A establish and gather input from both the VC and the community R A K D D A D I N IL T N R U L S U A E I I N L P S N A U S U T G A I B H K H O A A A K W regarding their concerns and aspirations for Kalihi. During a H D L O D IC R L M A A N R T A B U O P A H A N M M S E O N S I LV U L M S T S D A M Korean Baptist A E T T L A H R II E Church U U S R subsequent half-day visioning workshop, the VC considered the L T U D E T Kanoa P E S M S T T S A O U M Park C O A R H L A O A Kanoa T T K P T initial input as well as thematic principles, concepts, and priorities S K S A S A T K A A H E E A K Street U I O A S K K T Park O S T produced in prior community visioning exercises, studies, and IL M V S A A M S A T L A P M N surveys dating back to 2004 to formulate its own list of priorities A L R IN V T Y US S A I T Honolulu S AUIK and concerns specific to the OCCC site and the areas immediately I I ST Community College O T T K N N S A Banyan E FOCUS ON N Y D O M B E Kapalama A adjacent to it. VELOP B I Court S L Station T THE OCCC SITE

Disclaimer: This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only and should not be used for boundary interpretations or other spatial analysis. File: Q:\Oahu\OP 21st Century Kalihi\GIS\project\Project Site.mxd The VC’s list of priorities was shared with community integrated throughout various stages of vision development. members who were given opportunities to review, comment and Wish cards were distributed at the meetings to solicit input add their own concerns, priorities, and issues to assist the VC in from those who were unable to attend. Wish cards and web-based its efforts to formulate a draft vision concept. The VC’s draft vision input forms were also made available on the Office of Planning’s concept was reviewed and accepted by the community with little project website. The website provides an overview of the vision, amendment. links to input forms, and a mailing list sign-up. In later phases of the process, the VC convened to integrate All members of the VC were asked to extend public meeting comments it received from the OP and Governor and worked to invitations to their networks. Resource teams and social service refine the draft vision concept. The VC successfully presented organizations were encouraged to distribute input forms to their a final draft of its 21st Century vision concept for Kalihi to the constituents. 75 comments have been received (to date). Governor for approval in June 2017.

1.2.4 Public Meetings and Outreach The community was invited to share their input and comments as the vision was being developed and refined by the VC. A public kick-off meeting was held to introduce the goals and objectives of the Governor’s initiative. Additional meetings were conducted to allow for community review and input to be

Participants at the kick-off meeting helped identify the community’s needs and assets. Ramsay Taum initiated every meeting by introducing the ALOHA protocol.

VISION DEVELOPMENT

SEPTEMBER 13: PUBLIC KICK-OFF MEETING NOVEMBER 15: PUBLIC MEETING AUGUST 8: (Future meeting dates to be determined.) VC KICK-OFF MEETING OCTOBER 22: VC WORKSHOP NOVEMBER 1: DECEMBER 6: VC MEETING #3 VC MEETING #4 DRAFT INITIATION VISION REVISIONS TO FINAL CONCEPT REPORT DRAFT REPORT REPORT AUGUST 2016 OCTOBER 2016 DECEMBER 2016 JAN - MAY 2017 JUNE 2017

O N L INE O U T REACH Vision Statement

The top priorities for the 21st Century Initiative focus on economic development and housing for the support and betterment of Kalihi’s current and future generations. It supports innovation and capacity- building, and takes a balanced approach in creating jobs and providing housing so the people who live in the area can continue to live and work in Kalihi and future generations can be elevated. Mixed-income and mixed-housing types would be provided, including affordable, workforce, low-income, and kupuna housing as well as market-rate and larger 2-3-bedroom units to support families and multiple generations. The mixed-use neighborhood that is envisioned would provide safe and convenient access to goods and services, including restaurants, child and kupuna care facilities, small grocery stores and pharmacies, and health/medical clinics. Mom and pop stores would thrive and gentrification would be mitigated.

Additionally, the Vision Committee expressed aspirations for a future Kalihi that is not only iconic and outstanding, but one that memorializes the historic and cultural sense of place, and honors the intergenerational and multicultural community that resides, works and recreates in the region. Equally important, members of the Vision Committee stated a need to incentivize investment in the area, support and encourage educational and workforce development opportunities, and coordinate strategic, large-scale improvements to the area’s infrastructure and transit systems. Vision Concept PRESENT-DAY PRIORITIES

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OPEN SPACE • Use OCCC site as highest and best use • Green space as part of workforce housing concept - Financing is key; use OCCC to bargain with investors/developers to relocate the jail to Halawa at little or no cost to - Shade, pocket parks, walkability built into the housing complex but open to community with security taxpayers in return for development rights • Cultural center • Balanced approach - Include fields for soccer, softball, rugby; something like Kroc Center to bring people in - Consider economic future of Kalihi; develop jobs/tax base so you can elevate people that live in the area • Support innovation INFRASTRUCTURE & SIDEWALKS - Housing / coworking / living; draw population in so they can learn skills they can do in place • Develop industrial park • Improve infrastructure to support and enhance opportunities for small • Establish City facilities business owners - Consolidate transit services into a one stop shop • Accessibility, safety, and connectivity for everyone

HOUSING HEALTH & SAFETY • Mixed-income, mixed-type/family housing • Need the community to buy-in so they become proactive, as opposed to - Encourage mixed-income housing and distribute affordable housing throughout the planning area. Mitigate the potential for gentrification and avoid displacing low- and moderate-income residents reactive - Include affordable, workforce, low-income, kupuna as well as market housing - Include a mix of types, not just lofts and studios, but also 2-3 bedroom units PRIDE & CULTURE • Mixed-use, complete neighborhood - Include neighborhood-oriented commercial uses such as restaurants, day care, small grocery stores, health center/ • Build on ‘I love Kalihi’ medical clinic/pharmacy/mom & pop shops/local stores/kupuna/community center; cluster along Dillingham • Have ethnic parades and cultural celebrations in and throughout Kalihi • Flexible and realistic - Plans need to be flexible and realistic or no one will take the risk to build OUR VISION CONCEPT WILL BE...

• Be iconic • Be multicultural • Create incentives for investors and property owners • Be intergenerational • Transform infrastructure and transit • Prioritize education PLANNING CONTEXT 2.2 Related Plans

Through the visioning process, this project affirmed that the values The plan supports a revitalized, mixed-use corridor along Dillingham presented in previous planning efforts in Kalihi were still relevant today. Boulevard, which will provide residents and transit riders with an array Many of the action items identified in the Kalihi Neighborhood Transit- of shopping choices and services that accommodate the needs of Kalihi’s Oriented Development (TOD) Plan and the Kalihi-Palama Action Plan diverse, multi-cultural community. The land use framework supports were successfully reinstated by the VC in this vision. This 21st Century the existing scale and character of uses, with a diversity of industrial Kalihi vision concept narrowed the focus of these shared goals by and commercial uses makai of the station and primarily residential uses exploring how they can be applied to the OCCC site. mauka of the station. New higher-density housing and rehabilitation of units in disrepair is envisioned in the residential neighborhood. Kalihi Neighborhood Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Plan (2014) In addition to a vision, the plan also describes keys actions for With the planned introduction of three rail transit stations, the City implementation. It addresses specific transportation improvements, and County of Honolulu’s Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan provides a urban design recommendations, and infrastructure needs. The vision City and County of Honolulu Kalihi Neighborhood Transit-Oriented st land use and circulation framework to guide future development. The 21st presented in the Kalihi Neighborhood TOD plan is still relevant today Development Plan 21 Century Kalihi Draft Final Plan November 2014 Transformation Initiative Century Kalihi Vision acknowledges the projected growth and extensive and the implementation plan outlined with this vision will continue to Draft Vision Report outreach efforts of the TOD plan, and re-affirms many of the concepts apply to the 21st Century Kalihi project area. The 21st Century Kalihi it puts forth. Another impetus for this visioning effort is that, upon its Vision carries forward many elements of the TOD plan, including: adoption, the TOD plan will serve as the de facto guide for near-term Primary Urban Center Kalihi-Palama Action Kalihi Neighborhood TOD 21st Century Kalihi (2017) redevelopment in Kalihi’s new transit corridor. The 21st Century Kalihi • Creating a safer, more active streetscape for residents and visitors Development Plan (2004) Plan (2004) Plan (2014) - Vision for Kalihi in the 21st Vision therefore aims to scale the vision of the TOD plan to the OCCC • Supporting the success of existing industries with better - Policy guide for - Vision for the future of - Corridor Vision Century site. infrastructure development decisions Kalihi-Palama neighborhoods - Planning Principles - Articulates priorities specific to The TOD planning effort encompasses areas within a ½-mile radius • Expanding the range of uses in the neighborhood required to support expected - Values - Goals and Policies (Land the OCCC site growth in Oahu’s most Use, Mobility, Urban Design, of the three future rail stations located in Kalihi (see TOD Plan figure). • Promoting a more robust economic mix, with greater opportunity populous region Public Facilities, Services, and The plan presents the community’s vision for the area, as well as a set of for career work Infrastructure) planning principles: • Maintaining neighborhood character throughout the - Implementation Strategy development process 1. Revitalize Kalihi into a More Livable Community 2. Maintain and Enhance Diversity Various elements of the TOD plan attempt to capture and leverage 3. Improve the Quality of Public Spaces the potential value of the OCCC site. Of particular relevance are the land 4. Improve Connections to the Waterfront use and mobility goals stated by the plan (See Appendix B). 5. Create a Convenient and Accessible Transportation Network 6. Increase Public Safety Chapter 4: Urban Design 4-5

FIGURE 4-2: KAMEHAM ILLUSTRATIVE VIEW OF DILLINGHAM BOULEVARD LOOKING DIAMOND HEAD TOWARD KALIHI STATION AREA

E H

A KALIHI

KA HWY

ANU S

E LUWEN

E ST KALANI ST

N. NIMITZ

ST Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan (2014) Kalihi-Palama Action Plan (2004)

The 21st Century Kalihi visioning effort revisits the final stage of the phasing scheme of public improvements proposed Many of the concepts rendered by the TOD plan, which preserves the idea that OCCC can in the Kalihi-Palama Action Plan serve as an impetus for further growth. The TOD Plan proposes still resonate with Kalihi residents today: Redeveloping the OCCC as a a potential sequencing of public improvements based on community gathering place, such as a development cost, market factors, available financing, and multi-cultural marketplace; improving Existing. infrastructure improvements. In this phasing scheme, projects streetscapes with adequate sidewalks, currently underway, such as the Honolulu Community College better lighting, street trees, landscaped and Kamehameha Schools, would serve as “catalyst” projects, medians, and setbacks from vehicular helping to fund and construct critical public facilities that draw traffic; supporting local businesses; new activities, residents, students, and services to the area. The and improving existing open space. second phase of the phasing scheme anticipates the construction (2004 Kalihi-Palama Action Plan) and opening of the three Kalihi rail stations by 2019. The potential transformation of OCCC site is considered in the third phase, in which the rail system and infrastructure and public amenities are installed. The redevelopment of the OCCC is expected to spur new residential and mixed-use district on the ewa end of the corridor.

Kalihi-Palama Action Plan (2004) Primary Urban Center Development Plan (2004) The Kalihi-Palama Action Plan presents a vision statement and The Primary Urban Center Development Plan (PUCDP) was action plan for the future of neighborhoods in the Kalihi-Palama area, prepared to address projected growth within O‘ahu’s Primary Urban a designated project area that encompasses 8,500 acres between the Center, which includes the Kalihi neighborhood. It outlines policies Conceptual illustration of streetscape improvements and land use changes along Dillingham Boulevard. OCCC is consolidated into one portion of the site, creating opportunities for new community uses. Landscaping, bike lanes and sidewalks create a truly multi-modal street. coastline and the ridge-line. It puts forth a set of value statements that that promote key elements of the vision statement, which include articulate the spirit of the community and to some extent responds to transit-oriented development. The policies presented in the plan promote mixed land uses that support a diversity of lifestyle choices. “Moreover, the possibility of the question: ‘Who are we planning for?’ redevelopment or consolidation of Oahu A rough vision for the OCCC site is described in this former The plan also calls out the significance of cultivating “neighborhood Community Correctional Center and planning effort, in which it is considered a potential catalyst for centers” that provide a sense of community identity and allow people development in the Middle Street area large-scale redevelopment. The Kalihi-Palama Action Plan specifically to come together. around the transit center could spur a recommends redeveloping the OCCC as a community gathering The 21st Century Kalihi Vision integrates many elements of the new residential and mixed-use district on place and has proposed alternative facilities including a multi-cultural PUCDP, as it strives to scale both policy and planning solutions to the the ewa end of the corridor” marketplace, health and senior services, multi-purpose rooms, office OCCC site and surrounding parcels. space, and other venues that could directly serve residents. (2014 Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan, Section 6-11) ONGOING PROJECTS IN KALIHI 2.3 Adjacent Projects

G LO Jikoen Hongwanji K W Kalihi & Moanalua E H E R A PU T IL TeSmT ple M Church Z A Kamehameha L N E IA R O L N M Fern El I D A N S I K D D A O U T Shopping T ST A L R N ON I H A S R E D A A St. John the Baptist Catholic School O WA N L U I IA I N ST U EL Center VE K A R T A K S ST A S L A A T St. John the T D A A N D II U OM N L Legend U S K P E Academy of the Pacific C. Chinatown Community Action Plan A F A Apostolic A A T U A. Kapalama Canal Catalytic Project W BaIptist Church EA Kapalama El A N A T A MOK S R L M S I ST U R T O S MOA ST D Y Faith E A L Kalihi Waena El L A M L K N H N O I L G Y U A A Church R H H N ST T L I A I A K S O A M N P L L E T E L I S A H S A A L S H T A A EA R U L 1 K T K P O Envision Kalihi K C The City and County of Honolulu has worked directly W H L The City and County of Honolulu is working to incorporate B G R B ER M L N E R ON G D A X E L I I T N SO H 19 G T A B I O OU A H L 78 WEST EXIT W H Kalihi C E L OLE M A ST 1WB E R H L P N Iwilei Kapalama Infrastructure Master Plan T K C A A I T A P Y HOLENA M L RAM S O N H A ST P Love's S M IHI ON YMCA T S L S Hawaiian O I A more open and recreational space along Kapalama Canal, with the community to develop a plan for Chinatown that T N Kalihi Union A T K ST EN U S E H Pentecostal E L L E E Bakery Church K ST A O E H L N E Full B PL I L T OW L N V EC Bishop N D OCCC D PI A S P L Kalihi-Palama R ID K PE D K L Museum PU LU A C L T M New City OE R I U E Public Library E U KA L K U L K Y B R A LEPA P A focuses on improved street utilization, sanitation and safety, A EL R ST which will also be located near the future Kapalama rail S S EP H B Nissan H GU A T IG U I T Kalihi Palama Health Center A PO IC L H C A ST A K K R N Damien Memorial School A Oahu Transit E M ST K A L H K ST O N L P I Services H S A U OP ST N ST EA DHHL Parcels C H N I O K economic vitality, and park improvements in the Chinatown Church of Jesus transit station. Improvements under consideration include K J L Cavalry H K A U H I I N U T A Christ of LDS O OLA M D OI T L A S K E D S N Assembly O ST A S S K K A I K N T S I L D T L A T A N L of God T A A S S L M ER L Y T N HPHA Parcels K U T U PL Church U L DHHL S P EY ST I I ST K L area. Chinatown represents an important connection V L IH new park space, waterfront promenades, sidewalks, A P K N E HPHA I A A N ST R Gospel of H L H IH M K Farrington High H O IA U L E A PL A Y A H E P PU P B R SalvatioAn PO W A V N A A S T S OP H L A A P N T DOT Harbors Shafter XI M T K O ON E W U LN Z E A A T L L LA I S IT P L I A T 8 NIM R N C N A School I EXIT 1 P L I K N L WB N A L PL A between Kalihi and Downtown Honolulu, which the Action H1 E F OL ST A L N bike lanes, pedestrian bridges over the canal, and green M Y N K O A S A F A U A W W A Flats WY N Z T K L O L A H N T I U A I I R I N M L K B EH MIT L A A N LN A AM Z IM C S SE EA Street IN T ST H H P Honolulu A O LIHAU E W N T O T K I I E KI AM Y ST N K Lanakila El ST BORGE S K M S X A S T LN S EB L ASH HA Ford M OB U T A Plan is working to make more accessible to surrounding 1 A N H L S T infrastructure. For the greater Kalihi neighborhood, these K C Y WY F Hawaii 1 S H H R K T 1 FW HA O A F C L E H E N A W EHAM A R W E IO O L AM N DR S L K D T Kotohira Y A W E E L M M S I A L N N Y Y St. Anthony School - Kalihi T S Jinsha N O N A W W A A 1 F E H1 F U N M D N E H T N N L S A K A L A A L L G L A T L N K N N N NIMITZ HWY H ES A A A N R L communities. This plan also provides an important reference P canal improvements are expected to be the catalyst for future A N M 21st Century Kalihi A E H U L N E G A U S O I T N S T K M N ZIE LN D St. Theresa School - Honolulu T K U T E L Honolulu N M T A LA L W A OL O L L S U E L O N O S M S ST Cosmopolitan O U T K W A A OL O N I M T Ka Makua MAauL M L UCC OL I MUSPO IO EN O EL I Kalakaua Mid ST IS S ST O R T ST infrastructure improvements throughout the entire area as point for recent partnerships between the community and Loa Church N R U O W A N N EL M K OR L L A E L Likelike El L I SE H N OO A M L H H E U U I A I I OCCC I OL C ST P L N L N I A U A W A W OA H O L K I I 1W O I S S H B K B A EXIT A L T T 20C PA H the City to attain desired improvements and preserve the A K N H O it transitions to an urban mixed-use and transit oriented L L U L ST A A L L O M L A Pentecostal I IA L A N E A E A A H Faith N T N K XI D L I T L K A Assembly C S N M N O R D L E M A L N L Palama PL E A U A K T culture of the community. L I community. A SO A S L A Kalihi Kai El W R N Settlement P IBEW U A H H O E N A T N U U O PL L 1186 S PE U U K T D M H A N A H Status: Initial community input began in June of 2015 and the final P L R ST L H Status: The first community workshop was held in September of A E U O N C A IR H O Tensho Kotai A P N O I ST O P A 1 W N L L M N I E A L L N B I Jingu Kyo Hawaii M B H EE PBS UR Waiakamilo N A V A L 1W K M L L I L I B G N PL N K N N W N LI Puuhale El T S A A A A E H S O A Hawaii T U N L P Y A C S ShoppingK M T I R 2016, beginning the conceptual design phase. The next major steps Action Plan was produced in March of 2016. Implementations A O H M U S IK IN F A R N O A H L A CenterI L A KaumakaKpili D R O II ST L E A ST E A A L U B M I U K Church N N L P O W A OA L VD N T A O R will include environmental studies and more phases of design and are expected to range from late 2016 through 2018, though some K St. Elizabet hSsT A AM S OK H P K A DIL N Episcopal PU M A R LIN MNayor NA T Dillingham GHA KChurch K Kauluwela El K ST M Kaiulani El IN U AN BLV G K U Plaza D S U R I T I construction prior to approved funding and implementation. improvements are still searching for funding. EP ST ST WrigShT t D H U EM OM B Y L N E B City Square O I L R C C U A B R L N I Kalihi Palama A E S A R T ST T L Homes D S H I T N K L U A ES N H O A Health Center D U I ST EP O Halau Lokahi K H A A P B. Mayor Wright Homes Redevelopment D. HPHA School Street Senior Housing K ST A LI I DHHL A SI H W L I A V K S A L T ST ST A A T E K Y A S V B Kapalama K H T A A A The Hawaii Public Housing Authority (HPHA) has teamed The HPHA will be redeveloping its existing administrative OE B I S H L L A I A U M ST L S A A W T A N R A W Y K ST A S K U T A E E L U G U A Costco N W E offices on School Street into a mixed-use development that PI I L N up with Hunt Companies, Inc. and other members of a AUIKI ST L I L ST ST O C EAN K K A U D N K will directly support the surrounding community within R T U Master Developer Team to redevelop Mayor Wright Homes I U E S S I ST IL U A IW R M M E N V S E I N K R Iwilei KaR pa lBama U S E K into mixed-income, transit-oriented development housing. Kalihi. HPHA has partnered with the nonprofit Retirement T R U ET N I P A S A P N T T N A IA C InAWfArSastru ctureU Master Plan I K H A ST F U O IC T H K EL I Housing Foundation for the redevelopment project, which DOT Harbors S A S ST The public and private partnership will rehabilitate the S T A T H S T T N I T S R D S S T B O T E S C ER F IS K H H L I IT A E A L E PL TA will incorporate a mix of new office space, affordable housing N U V A N current facilities of Mayor Wright Homes, first constructed SM D A A IN IA U S A EK N LN T C K A C U L R U N L units, and commercial space, implemented through multiple D A in 1953 as a federal low-income public housing development ST M

M L K ST A E ST N E R H E T IO IN R H ET N S B O U ST I T F S H and last renovated in 1984. The redevelopment will include phases. M OT A E EA L K R ST A I N L A A Status: Phase 1 is expected to be completed in 2020 with the status M E new public housing units and add more mixed-income R C T H S A N of other phases still pending. T OP S H T IS S units in order to both retain affordable housing and provide B K IN G QU ST EEN additional housing opportunities for the people of Kalihi. ST

ST S D Status: Community engagement has begun and is ongoing with the R S A T N H S IM IC I A R N L IT A final project timeline to be determined by future financial analysis. O Z IL H L A H I T W M O Y W E H R A L D E R K A U W I LA S T

A T L S A L S M AND W IS M O O LA B ND A A PKWY H PO K N C E A N H P U ST K O PU A

HOOKELA PL O IN N A

O ST

U L Iwilei-Kapalama Projects U MIKOLE ST T T North S S Island of O'ahu EL H N T Linear Scale (feet) N U A A H SO U A PUUWAI ST C H I S 0 600 1200 2400 T

Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Disclaimer: This Graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only and should not be used for boundary Interpretations or other spatial analysis. E. Dillingham DMV Relocation The Department of Community Services has been the first of various city departments relocating its operations from City G. OCCC Replacement Project I. Kalihi-Palama Health Center Square to Kapalama Hale on Dillingham Boulevard, toward The State of Hawai‘i Department of Public Safety is working Redevelopment of the Kalihi-Palama Health Center (KPHC) the Diamond Head side of Kalihi. The new Kapalama Hale, to replace the O‘ahu Community Correctional Center will provide a larger facility to accommodate a growing previously known as the Sprint building, will also house (OCCC) in Kalihi in order to provide a more modern and number of patients and provide space for new services. the Ethics Commission, the Equal Opportunity Office, the functional facility. The focus of the development is to improve The new facility will utilize a vacant commercial space Neighborhood Commission Office, the Honolulu Emergency the efficiency and security of OCCC operations as well as to consolidate the services of three of its existing Kalihi Services Health Services Branch, and a part of the Honolulu to improve the availability of inmate services. Although facilities. The new facility will benefit the entire Kalihi area Police Department. The consolidated city offices will be able a decision for the final project site has not been decided, and surrounding communities by providing improved to improve efficiency of services to the community and will the Kalihi area can expect to benefit from investments in facilities and easier access to multiple services within a single remain easily accessible within the Kalihi neighborhood. infrastructure and improvements to the surrounding area location. Providing primary health services to low income Status: Phase 1 was completed in the summer of 2016 in which the whether the site is redeveloped for OCCC or for different Native Hawaiians and New Americans will continue to be Department of Community Services relocated driver’s licensing and purposes. the primary function of KPHC as well as other populations satellite city hall services to the new location. The remaining phases Status: An Environmental Impact Statement Preparation Notice that face significant barriers to accessing healthcare. were anticipated to transition to the new location during the weekend (EISPN) was published on September 23, 2016 and the comment Status: Phase 1, renovation of the existing building on site has been of November 19, 2016. deadline ended on November 22, 2016. The site selection process completed. The timeline of Phase 2, an addition on the makai portion is underway and as of November 21, 2016, eleven sites are being of the property, will be contingent upon the release of HUD funds. F. Downtown Neighborhood TOD Plan reviewed, including its current location. Downtown Honolulu is one of the main employment centers J. Department of Community Services 431 Kuwili St. in the region. Planning for transit-oriented development is H. DOT Harbors The City and County of Honolulu is working to develop underway to improve public spaces and accessibility within The Department of Transportation is working to upgrade a hygiene center in Iwilei to accommodate families and the already dense, urban area via the draft Downtown existing harbor facilities and develop newly constructed individuals dealing with homelessness. The center will include Neighborhood TOD Plan proposed. The plan incorporates piers into what will become known as the Kapalama various disability services and stable housing through reuse guiding principles for the future rail corridor between the Container Terminal. These improvements are expected to of an existing four-story facility on Kuwili Street. The hygiene Iwilei, Chinatown, and Downtown rail stations. Downtown increase the capacity and efficiency of cargo handling as well center will be accessed most directly by homeless individuals will be extended into Iwilei, which borders Kalihi on the as consolidate emergency response vessels at Piers 12 and and families in the Iwilei and Kalihi areas, providing both Diamond Head side, through additional housing, green 15, makai of the Kalihi neighborhood. These developments short and long term services and solutions for homelessness. space, and mix-use developments. are expected to improve commerce and may provide more Status: The City and County of Honolulu purchased the building at opportunities for the surrounding Kalihi community. 431 Kuwili Street for use as a hygiene facility. The timeframe for the next phases will be determined once all project consultants have been selected.

Renderings from the Downtown Neighborhood TOD Plan COMMUNITY SNAPSHOT

Higher percentage of renter-occupied housing 3.1 Socio-economic Characteristics Kalihi’s population is diverse and growing. The percentage of renter-occupied housing is noticeably higher in the planning area, compared to other parts of O‘ahu. Most households generate less income than households across O‘ahu. It is also a transit-oriented population: 72% 45% 30% of the residents in the planning area reported using public transit to get to work, compared to only 6% of residents throughout the State. See Appendix C for additional statistics.

Kalihi planning area Oahu 3.2 Regulatory Context and Existing Land-Use Dillingham Boulevard is the main arterial road. Along Dillingham Boulevard, there is a range of small commercial buildings, including fast food, gas stations, offices, banks and auto uses (e.g. sales and reparts). Higher percentage of transit-oriented population Although the area makai of Dillingham is designated as an Industrial- % of residents who reported taking public transportation to work Commercial zone, the existing uses range from “engineering offices/ machine shops, food industries, and warehouses to single-family 6% residential homes” (Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan). The area mauka of Dillingham is primarily residential, with some stores and auto- 30% related uses interspersed. Within the project site, most of the residents are two-story single-family homes with fenced front yards and carport Community Profile parking. Street parking is common in the residential areas. & Existing Conditions Kalihi planning area Oahu ST E K I M U A N " O U O " A A H N S A A T L U " A " F W " Y Linapuni M O Fern " A " N A L Elementary U Shafter A T Elementary S " R I D UN AP T LIN S " D A R W " V Flats I A A W H O E " M " " A W H E " M M Y M O W A A A " K G H K N E UAH A E INE PL Govt. State LU R IK Á T L ! A Kuhio Park Z F E " W L IK DHHL Y N L T " S

T E S " N I I LP N AI H N " LA A Kalihi Waena I A H " LE U K T A S W H1 E FWY M DL ID E H Elementary M 1 FWY

E N V S A C K H C LI O U O T S G L S E LEGEND T IN H P A U N U A L IK N D H1W R B A B EX A A E K IT 1 H C Public Transportation 8 N N Kapalama IMI IC TZ EXIT I K R L L E N Y S T Elementary !¿ T Bus Stops I S UM B IT E EX R N RAMP 0A N I O IT 2 IC IH X E Á E L ! A WB S Rail Station 1 T K H Middle Street B E W 1 Station H Rail Line G R E G O N N R IM E Y ITZ V HW S 0.5-mile radius from Rail Station Y T A S EB KALIHI A T ER 1 O M T T H N A IS S E R L N LI A A N I M P BA A A T K P K K S AM KE EH P A KO ME Major Landowners HA H W Y Farrington Bank of Hawaii High School Castle & Cooke N KI NG S Costco Wholesale Corporation T Hawaiian

K A Electric Company Govt. County of Honolulu H A Oahu CCC N T U H S S A T K G A N A Kalihi I A D IL L H R A A U T Govt. Federal U H L A H A A L G O U O Station ST K E O L H P E L ST Kamehameha Govt. State Schools H O King David Kalakaua O N E E Govt. State DHHL PL H A Middle School L O N A S O T L Hawaiian Electric Company O M E A S Govt. T Kamehameha Schools T H S D A I Federal R U H Puuhale LI

C ST A C K A D T N Lowe's S A Elementary L L IL IS E N D C C N O A M S LB 3.3 Land Ownership U M R O Salvation Army N

ST O K A K U A L N K A A A K LA S R A T Tradewind D N N I U I T U I S S T Situated on 16-acres of State-owned land, the OCCC site is ripe S T S N T A U U R A O EP H O U W O H B O K A L H P IC A D O R R K M Weinberg A D T A R N O U S L E S T I M L H T U O M A A A H M LI K I M U E A S for a number of long-term development opportunities. Publicly owned U R I T A P U E LE A TR W S ST D A EM M O D C I LA R LL A A Kamehameha IN P T G A ST H K A ST K lands (i.e. land owned by City, State, and Federal agencies) occupy most M A K A A BL KE N H VD O O A K A I ST Schools S T

SI LV A S LN of the project area, including the OCCC, the O‘ahu Transit Center, T IN ST Kapalama AU Govt. T S T S A E M Kamehameha Y U A B Federal A R K Y IB Station L O ST Schools Farrington High School, Kalakaua Middle School, Kalakaua District M Govt. AUI KI ST Federal Govt. State Park, and Puuhale Elementary. DHHL Kamehameha Schools is the largest private owner in the area. Major Landowners Other major landowners in close proximity to the OCCC site include Tradewind Bank of Hawaii Kalihi 21st Century ST WA Weinberg KA LA the Mark A Robinson Trust and First Hawaiian Bank. The smaller A Costco Wholesale Weinberg Island of O‘ahu Corporation NORTH LINEAR SCALE (FEET) K Iwilei E E Castle H

M & Cooke Station 0 200 400 A Hawaiian

R residential and industrial parcels in the area are owned by other private I N

A Electric Company individuals. Castle Disclaimer: This Graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only and should not be used for boundary Interpretations or other spatial analysis. File: Q:\Oahu\OP 21st Century Kalihi\GIS\project\Major Landowners.mxd & Cooke DATEW: e8in/6b/e2rg016 3.6 Summary of Infrastructure The vision presented in this report acknowledges ongoing Sewer Rehabilitation is currently underway in the area. improvements to the area’s infrastructure. A number of infrastructure An increase in the population will generate demand for wastewater improvements are expected to take place within the next few years. treatment. Further study will need to be done for this specific project 3.4 Built Environment This section provides a summary of current and future infrastructure area. However, the TOD plan does estimate that it will not exceed With the exception of OCCC, most of the project area consists Honolulu Community College, and Kapalama Canal. projects in the planning area. projections already anticipated under current zoning. of a small-block grid pattern that houses relatively dense mix of retail, Many of the retail buildings were built over 30 years ago and are in employment, and residential uses. Kalihi maintains a distinct industrial need of rehabilitation and reinvestment. A. Police and Fire Facilities D. Water Supply character, as a result of Kalihi’s transition from a formerly working-class There are no police stations located in the planning area. The Water supply is another important consideration in the residential neighborhood to an industrial center. Whether its industrial “Based on projected household growth, the market demand Kalihi City Police Station is approximately 2 miles from the OCCC site future buildout of the planning area. According to the 2014 Kalihi study finds that the market could support approximately character ought to be preserved will be an important consideration (mauka of the planning area). Neighborhood TOD plan, the planning area has a “very modest 465,000 square feet of retail development within the [Kalihi There are currently 2 fire stations in the planning area: the Kalihi projected increase: the additional source requirement is estimated to moving forward, as the needs of most industrial spaces (i.e. large TOD planning area] by 2035.” Fire Station at North King and Kalihi Streets and the Kalihi Kai Fire parcels of low-rise warehouses, primarily surrounded by other hard (Market Opportunities Study / 2014 Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan) be 0.37 MGD.” surfaces) may be at odds with the proposed mixed-use, transit-oriented Station at Waiakamilo Road and Nimitz Highway. The Board of Water Supply is currently undergoing Part III of the development. Although large-scale re-use of the site may be ideal, the fragmented Kalihi Water System Improvements project, which is being undertaken ownership of smaller parcels surrounding the OCCC site will make lot B. Education and Library Facilities to replace approximately 9,600 feet of 8-inch water main along Puuhale 3.5 Opportunities and Constraints consolidation challenging. Another potential challenge lies in the poor Schools are an important educational amenity and are also Road, Bannister Street, Gulick Avenue, Kopke Street, Stanley Street, A market study was conducted as part of the Kalihi Neigborhood condition of the area’s infrastructure, particularly its sewer and drainage critical nodes of community activity for Kalihi residents. Schools in the and Waterhouse Street. The replacement will minimize potential breaks systems. Most of the site is also in need of pedestrian improvements, TOD planning effort. Much of the report re-affirms that the OCCC area include: Puuhale Elementary, Kalihi-Kai Elementary, Kalakaua in the existing piping, which was installed in the 1930s. The project is including repairs related to sidewalks, crosswalks, and street lighting. Middle, and Farrington High School. Because Farrington has a large expected to be complete in the summer of 2017 (Honolulu Board of site and surrounding parcels are in many ways ripe for development. There are also several environmental hazards inherently tied to the catchment area, students travel somewhat long distances to school, Water Supply, 2016). The market study identifies affordable housing as a priority issue site. The ewa part of the OCCC site is within the 100-year flood plain whether on foot, by bicycle, by transit, or by car (2014 Kalihi TOD for the community, which is consistent with the findings from more (i.e. zones subject to a one percent annual flood). In addition to the recent outreach efforts. This study also projects a high demand for inherent development risks of known flooding issues, flood insurance Plan). E. Drainage rental housing. Recognizing that Downtown will be just a six-minute rates may rise substantially in the next few decades. As more housing units are developed, the City and State will need Many residents mentioned “flooding” and reported drainage train ride from the Kalihi future rail station, this study also anticipates Due to the industrial nature of the site, the undetermined presence to coordinate with the Department of Education to ensure that the issues on Kalihi’s streets. Poor road and sidewalk conditions are a greater demand for housing close to transit. of hazardous materials may pose legitimate health and safety concerns educational needs of the future population are met. long-standing problem in Kalihi, where many privately-owned roads The community has expressed a preference for low- to mid-rise and add time and cost to redevelopment. However, there are Federal have received little to no maintenance and may not have functioning and State grants that fund brownfield remediation. buildings. The TOD plan acknowledges this as well, and has projected C. Sewer Wastewater drainage. Initial modeling suggests that three feet of sea-level rise could Wastewater services in the planning area are provided by the To date, the City and County of Honolulu has no plans to higher-density development to occur in the areas immediately around inundate areas makai of Nimitz Highway, including the OCCC site, if City and County of Honolulu Department of Environmental Services. modify drainage systems in the Kalihi area. However, in 2013, the the Kapalama station, where large-scale redevelopment is expected no protection measures are put in place (Kalihi Neighborhood TOD The limited capacity of the existing wastewater system could create City and County implemented rule changes that encourage “Low- to take place in and around the Kamehameha Schools properties, Plan). Further site-specific analysis will be required in any event. development constraints. The existing sewer infrastructure connects to Impact Development” (LID)-based stormwater drainage regulations the Hart Street Pump Station. Additionally, the Kalihi/Nuuanu Area and standards, which integrate post-construction Best Management Practices into the initial design process. According to the TOD plan, the planning area will not be significantly impacted with respect to its hydraulic capacity. The plan suggests that TOD redevelopment will be an near-term opportunity to soften the vast amount of hardscape on the site. Landscaping elements such as bioswales could potentially help reduce stormwater overflow and provide aesthetic improvements to the streetscape.

“Streetscapes were a top priority for development.” (2011 Community Survey / Kalihi Neighborhood TOD Plan)

Best Practices industrial, commercial, and residential functions. Most importantly, the OCCC site as a whole can be planned for mixed-use much more easily than coordinating with many individual building owners throughout the neighborhood. Successful examples of adaptive re-use of correctional and prison structures include the Charles Street Prison in Boston, Massachusetts, which converted its use into a luxury hotel, now known as the Liberty Hotel, in the early 1990s. While the design concept of the hotel is meant to maintain historic themes of the old jail, the converted use was successful by adapting the structure in a way that does not give the same feeling of jail or prison. Other adaptations like the Jackson State Prison in Jackson, Michigan and the ongoing redevelopment of the former Lorton Prison in Fairfax, 4.1 Adaptive Re-Use of Jails & Prison Sites Virginia, have adapted the prison structures into mixed-use centers that house arts centers, educational facilities, parks, and residential buildings. An important factor in the success of these mixed-use communities was Following the Kalihi TOD Plan, the OCCC site and surrounding Charles Street Jail (built 1851) additional development in parcels around the prisons that created a demand parcels provide opportunities for reimagined utilization of the space. As for conversion of the prison for additional housing and community resources. a TOD zone, the greater Kalihi neighborhood has the ability to benefit Adaptive re-use of these prisons took cues from the revitalization of the rest from mixed-use and industrial mixed-use development near or on the of the neighborhood, which paved the way for a successful adaptation of the OCCC site by improving connections between residential and economic prisons. The OCCC site in Kalihi may be similarly affected by TOD plans, activities. Industrial mixed-use development promotes more efficient use which may see changes in population, availability of community resources, of underutilized space, existing facilities, and resource centers within the and land use. The conversion of these prison structures has improved community. The location of the OCCC site also provides an opportunity to access to community resources and demonstrated how partitioning space increase physical connections between existing residential and commercial to various uses can both function harmoniously and better serve the areas that are currently segregated by zoning restrictions. community. Adaptive re-use may also help to reduce development costs of Consolidation of OCCC operations in Kalihi, either by partial or a full demolition and rebuild if, instead, there is an option to expand and complete relocation of the jail, leaves the facility available for redevelopment renovate the existing OCCC structure for other uses. of all or portions of the site, and/or adaptive re-use of the existing structures. Adaptive re-use of a site refers to the process of retaining part of the previous physical structure to use for a different functional purpose. Jail and prison structures have been successful for adaptive re-use as they possess features like high building integrity and can support accommodate a range of

Liberty Hotel (today) 4.2 ‘What is gentrification?’ Another option that should not be overlooked is the possibility of retaining some of the OCCC operations on part of the current site, most One of the biggest concerns that articulated in public meetings likely in the form of a vertical structure. This upgraded structure will also in the 21st Century Kalihi effort has begged the question, ‘Who are we need to be integrated into the surrounding mixed-use development of Kalihi building for?’ Some of these concerns have included, but are not limited in a way that is conducive to both the existing community and future TOD to increased housing costs, dilution of community and culture, and operations. A successful example of this design is a federal jail located in displacement of current residents and businesses. In light of the future downtown Chicago, which serves the same functional purpose as OCCC, OCCC redevelopment, it will be important to decide how the space and has been able to blend seamlessly into the surrounding metropolitan will be adapted and what purpose it will serve within the community community. This jail, called the Metropolitan Correctional Center (MCC), in order to fully support the people of Kalihi. is a high-rise structure occupying a much smaller building footprint with A familiar example on O‘ahu is the redevelopment of the Kaka‘ako convenient access to necessary resources such as medical centers, courts, area. Recent developments in Kaka‘ako have demonstrated the issues and job training venues at its urban location. The jail directly supports the of gentrification in the increased demand for housing, which has driven local economy through the need for outsourcing certain services and is up housing prices as well as displacing businesses and residents who able to operate discretely with a building façade that mimics surrounding could no longer afford to remain in the area. Governor Ige addressed office buildings. The high-rise building design supports the inmates as the issue of gentrification in Kaka‘ako in his 2016 State of the State well, offering a layout that can better support specialized programs and speech, and called for a return to community focus in Kalihi (Ige, 2016): surveillance operations. Whether OCCC is fully relocated or remains a part of the Kalihi “When we govern in the right way, we conduct the people’s neighborhood, the parcel will need to be planned and redeveloped to adapt business WITH the community, not against it or around it or to a mixed-use community without negating the needs of the existing without it. I’ve long had strong concerns about the way the residents. Lessons learned from previous adaptations to jails and prisons as redevelopment in Kaka‘ako proceeded. So do a lot of people well as lessons from similar TOD plans should be considered to help direct who felt left out. We have a great opportunity to learn from past experience and do things differently going forward. We have an appropriate development in Kalihi so as to uphold community culture while Source: Honolulu Magazine (Olivier Koning) immediate opportunity to get it right in Kalihi.” also upgrading the rest of the neighborhood.

Metropolitan Correctional Center in Chicago, IL As property values rise and private developers construct more With the Governor’s commitment to robust 21st Century planning market-rate homes, affordability is a growing problem (Hofschneider, and learning from the lessons of our own island in the Kaka‘ako case, 2014). Existing residents are left to watch their property values and the opportunities provided by TOD with the advent of the HART spike as money pours into the neighborhood to build housing they rail corridor, there has never been a better time for a true community- themselves are unable to afford. They are faced with the decision of based and people-oriented approach to a 21st-century Kalihi. TOD paying a property tax far higher than they ever expected, or selling means heavy public investment in highly-demanded infrastructure like their property and abandoning the community they once called home, sidewalks and street lighting, and the promise of access to and from which is ‘displacement.’ For many of those displaced, moving means Kalihi for residents, shoppers, and commuters alike. It also means relief abandoning the support system they have developed, the family and to a housing market rife with overcrowding and expansion of much- friends they have nurtured, and finding a new home somewhere needed green spaces and community services (Hofschneider, 2014). affordable. As social connections are the key decider of quality of life, Making incentives inclusive and favoring residents can safeguard and the effects can be devastating, far-reaching, and difficult to mitigate. preserve the most valuable part of Kalihi: the Kalihi community. By In Kaka‘ako, rising property values are forcing organizations like keeping to this community and transit focus, Kalihi will be more able to the Kaka‘ako Food Pantry and Nā Mea Hawai‘i bookstore to relocate elevate and provide for community members, without the destructive as well (Cerball, 2016). The neighborhood is noted for its thriving art effects of gentrification and displacement. scene and high-end commerce, serving as a foil to the high population of unhoused residents, which consists of up to 400 people by some estimates. Several initiatives were started to accommodate the artist community by HCDA and developers. Affordable housing promises likewise attempted to accommodate demand for housing among those defined by the state as low-income (80% AMI). Despite best efforts, the discrepancy between low-income population and low-income housing continues to grow (Grandinetti, 2015). The fears associated with increased development are not unique to Kaka‘ako. How can gentrification be controlled in a 21st Century Kalihi? As the Governor said, by working with the community. This task is not a simple one. With the advent of 21st Century data technology, working at a grassroots level has never been easier. The key to this effort will be encouraging the same communities who have been sidelined or ignored by past policymakers to engage in the planning process, though the disenfranchising effect of the top-down policies of the 20th century will not be easy to overcome. Next Steps... References

City and County of Honolulu. Department of Transportation. Kalihi Neighborhood Transit-Oriented Development Plan (Draft). November 2014.

City and County of Honolulu. Department of Planning and Permitting. Kalihi-Palama Action Plan. September 2004.

City and County of Honolulu. Department of Planning and Permitting. Primary Urban Center Development Plan. June 2004.

Cerball, Alex. Khon 2. ‘Kakaako food pantry loses lease, faces challenges to find new location.’ Published on November 19, 2016. (http://khon2.com/2016/11/19/kakaako-food-pantry-loses-lease-faces-challenge-to-find-new-location/)

Grandinetti, Tina. FLUX Hawaii. ‘Whose Kaka‘ako?’ Published on March 26, 2015. (http://fluxhawaii.com/whose-kakaako/)

Hofschneider, Anita. Civil Beat. ‘Whose Kakaako?’ Published on July 23, 2014. (http:// www.civilbeat.org/2014/07/whose-kakaako-construction-boom-leaves-behind- residents-with-greatest-housing-need/)

Hofschneider, Anita. Civil Beat. ‘When the Rail Rolls Into Kalihi, What Kind of Change Will It Bring?’ Published on December 9, 2014. (http://www.civilbeat.org/2014/12/ when-the-rail-rolls-into-kalihi-what-kind-of-change-will-it-bring/)