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Welding of Plastics: Fundamentals and New Developments
REVIEW ARTICLE D. Grewell*, A. Benatar Agricultural and Biosystems Eingineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Welding of Plastics: Fundamentals and New Developments serves as the material that joins the parts and transmits the load This paper provides a general introduction to welding funda- through the joint. In welding or fusion bonding, heat is used to mentals (section 2) followed by sections on a few selected melt or soften the polymer at the interface to enable polymer welding processes that have had significant developments or intermolecular diffusion across the interface and chain entan- improvements over the last few years. The processes that are glements to give the joint strength. Each of these categories is discussed are friction welding (section 3), hot plate welding comprised of a variety of joining methods that can be used in (section 4), ultrasonic welding (section 5), laser/IR welding a wide range of applications. This paper is devoted to welding (section 6), RF welding (section 7) and hot gas/extrusion weld- processes only. Accordingly, only thermoplastics are consid- ing (section 8). ered, because thermosets cannot be welded without the addi- tion of tie-layers such as thermoplastics layers. Greater details on welding processes can be found in several monographs [1 to 4]. 1 Introduction to Joining Welding processes are often categorized and identified by the heating method that is used. All processes can be divided Despite designers’ goals of molding single component pro- into two general categories: internal heating and external heat- ducts, there are many products too complex to mold as a single ing, see Fig. -
Cortec Packaging.Pdf
™ VpCI VpCI™ VpCI™ ™ ™ VpCI VpCI Compostable VpCI™ SOLUTION Corrosion is a constant, indiscriminate and costly enemy of metal parts, especially when packaged for storage and transportation. Traditional anti-corrosion methods are messy, costly, and can be hazardous to personnel and the environment. Too often, they’re ineffective as well. Cortec® VpCI™ technology represents a breakthrough solu- tion in corrosion prevention. Our VpCI™ products protect metals with a chemically adsorbed molecular layer that pro- vides multimetal corrosion protection. The coverage is com- plete – all surfaces, including crevices, cavities and other inaccessible void areas receive total protection. The VpCI™ barrier is self-replenishing, even for packaging that’s repeat- edly opened, and typically protects for up to 24 months. The industry proven result is exceptional product protection without the labor-intensive clean-up required with convention- al oil coatings or other inhibiting products – even for previ- ously corroded, painted or coated surfaces. Cortec® VpCIs are environmentally safe, and are not based on nitrites. Cortec® VpCI™ technology. The safety net your products and systems deserve. Anode e Cathod VpCI™ Benefits VpCIs Fight Dissolved® ions VpCI Cost Effective Corrosion at the • Saves costly time and labor Molecules of – no surface preparation required VpCI™ in gaseous phase Molecular Level for application Anode – no cleaning/degreasing required e for product use Cathod Cortec® Vapor phase Corrosion Inhibitors™ • Reduces raw material requirements (VpCI™) provide multimetal protection with cor- – need for oil is eliminated – desiccants are eliminated ® rosion inhibiting vapors that condense onto the Dissolved ions • Eliminates disposal costs VpCI surface of your products and form a thin, uniform, – products are fully recyclable economical and extremely effective corrosion – no hazardous waste disposal costs Molecules of inhibiting layer. -
The Use of PEEK in Digital Prosthodontics: a Narrative Review Ioannis Papathanasiou1, Phophi Kamposiora1*, George Papavasiliou1 and Marco Ferrari2
Papathanasiou et al. BMC Oral Health (2020) 20:217 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01202-7 REVIEW Open Access The use of PEEK in digital prosthodontics: A narrative review Ioannis Papathanasiou1, Phophi Kamposiora1*, George Papavasiliou1 and Marco Ferrari2 Abstract Background: Advanced computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology led to the introduction of an increasing number of machinable materials suitable for dental prostheses. One of these materials is polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a high performance polymer recently used in dentistry with favorable physical, mechanical and chemical properties. The purpose of this study was to review the current published literature on the use of PEEK for the fabrication of dental prostheses with CAD-CAM techniques. Methods: Electronic database searches were performed using the terms “PEEK”, “CAD-CAM”, “dental”, “dentistry” to identify studies related to the use of PEEK for the fabrication of CAD-CAM prostheses. The search period spanned from January 1990 through February 2020. Both in vivo and in vitro studies in English were eligible. Review articles and the references of the included publications were searched to identify relevant articles. Results: A great number of in vitro studies are available in the current literature pointing out the noticeable properties of PEEK. The use of PEEK has been recommended for a wide range of CAD-CAM fabricated fixed and removable dental prostheses. PEEK was additionally recommended for occlusal splints, intra-radicular posts, implant abutments, customized healing abutments and provisional restorations. However, only a few clinical studies were identified. Conclusions: PEEK could be considered as a viable alternative for CAD-CAM fixed and removable dental prostheses to well-established dental materials. -
Powder Coatings
Emmanouil Spyrou Powder Coatings Chemistry and Technology 3rd Revised Edition Emmanouil Spyrou: Powder Coatings: Chemistry and Technology © Copyright 2012 by Vincentz Network, Hanover, Germany ISBN: 978-3-86630-884-8 Spyrou_Powder Coatings.indb 1 14.09.2012 10:17:21 Cover: Evonik Industries AG, Marl/Germany Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Emmanouil Spyrou, 3rd Revised Edition Based on Pieter G. de Lange’s, 2nd Edition, Vincentz Network, 2004, and Tosko A. Misev’s, 1st Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1991 Powder Coatings: Chemistry and Technology Hanover: Vincentz Network, 2012 EUROPEAN COATINGS TecH FILES ISBN 3-86630-884-1 ISBN 978-3-86630-884-8 © 2012 Vincentz Network GmbH & Co. KG, Hanover Vincentz Network, P.O. Box 6247, 30062 Hanover, Germany This work is copyrighted, including the individual contributions and figures. Any usage outside the strict limits of copyright law without the consent of the publisher is prohibited and punishable by law. This especially pertains to reproduction, translation, microfilming and the storage and processing in electronic systems. The information on formulations is based on testing performed to the best of our knowledge. The appearance of commercial names, product designations and trade names in this book should not be taken as an indication that these can be used at will by anybody. They are often registered names which can only be used under certain conditions. Please ask for our book catalogue Vincentz Network, Plathnerstr. 4c, 30175 Hanover, Germany T +49 511 9910-033, F +49 511 9910-029 [email protected], www.european-coatings.com Layout: Vincentz Network, Hanover, Germany Printed by: Quensen Druck + Verlag GmbH & Co. -
The Transversal Strength Comparison Between Polyethylene and Glass Fiber As an Acrylic Resin Denture Plate Repair Material
Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia Vol 5 No 1 – April 2019 ISSN 2460-0164 (print), ISSN 2442-2576 (online) Aditama,Available et al: The online transversal at https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/mkgi strength comparison … DOI: http://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.17497 RESEARCH ARTICLE The transversal strength comparison between polyethylene and glass fiber as an acrylic resin denture plate repair material Pramudya Aditama*, Sabdayana**, Erwan Sugiatno* *Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia **Dentistry Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia *Jl Denta No 1, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; e-mail: [email protected] Submitted: 29th December 2016; Revised: 10th February 2017; Accepted: 25th March 2018 ABSTRACT Acrylic resin is the most commonly used denture base material. However, it has a shortage of being easily broken. One way to resolve this problem is by adding polyethylene (PE) or glass fibers. The purpose of this research is to compare the transversal strength of PE and glass fibers from denture plate acrylic resin repair material. The experiment involved 32 plates of heat cure acrylic with the dimensions of 65 mm x 10 mm x 2.5 mm. The speciments were prepared to create a 3 mm gap and 45° bevel. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, each group containing 16 plates. Group I was reinforced with PE fiber and Group II was reinforced with glass fiber. All plates were soaked in distillation water for one day at 37 °C. Plates were tested for transverse strength with universal testing machine and all data were analyzed with independent t-tes at 95% confidence level. -
Howto Print on Corrugatedplastic
How to Print on Corrugated Plastic An explanation of how to print on polypropylene corrugated plastic boards. 1 © Copyright 2018 HP Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. How to Print on Corrugated Plastic What you will need What you will need PP corrugated board Cutting device A clean cloth Gloves (optional) Before Preparing the substrate printing Preparing the job SW tools Printer Isopropyl alcohol Surface tension test (RIP, edition, etc.) (optional) inks/pens (optional) Printing The printing process After Post-print finishing printing Drill and metal drill bits Finishing parts: Plastic eyelet press (optional) H-stakes, nylon clamps, (optional) plastic eyelets, plastic 2 © Copyright 2018 HP Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. clips… How to Print on Corrugated Plastic Preparing the substrate What you will need 1. Substrate check 2. Substrate handling 3. Table grounding A corona treatment is often applied to PP boards tend to hold static charge. Ensure that substrate tables are boards to increase ink adhesion. This Avoid sliding the substrate over the attached and secured to the printer to treatment will diminish over time. Use stack / carrying it across carpeted provide a grounding surface for static- Before Preparing the substrate surfaces. printing fresh material to ensure the best results. loaded materials. NOTE: Latex inks wet materials with a surface energy of at least 30 dynes/cm. Surface energy can be measured with a special set of calibrated pens or inks. Preparing the job Printing The printing process 4. Substrate cutting 5. -
STATE-OF-THE-ART in RIGID P.V.C. PLASTIC WELDING by HOT AIR TECHNIQUE Mahmood Alam1, (Dr.) M.I
International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163, www.ijtra.com Volume 1, Issue 2 (may-june 2013), PP. 20-23 STATE-OF-THE-ART IN RIGID P.V.C. PLASTIC WELDING BY HOT AIR TECHNIQUE Mahmood Alam1, (Dr.) M.I. Khan2 1Asstt. Professor, department of Mechanical Engineering 2 Professor, department of Mechanical Engineering Integral University, Lucknow, India while others are semi-crystalline [6]. When PVC is heated it Abstract: This paper presents the state-of-the-art in the will soften [5, 6], that allow a limited amount of chain field of plastic welding to assist in the future entanglements to assure a strong bond. developments in this field. Various important P.V.C. plastics welding parameters such as welding techniques HOT AIR TECHNIQUE in common use, equipments requirement and the effect of variables on the weld bead shape, have been discussed. Hot air technique is an external heating method. In this Problem associated with plastic welding and applications method, a weld groove and a welding rod are simultaneously have also been outlined. heated with a hot gas stream until they soften sufficiently to fuse together; the welding rod is then pressed into the weld Keywords: Poly vinyl chloride, P.V.C. welding, hot air groove to affect welding. A stream of hot air or gas technique, High-density polyethylene, linear low density (nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, or oxygen) is polyethylene. directed toward the filler and the joint area using a torch. A INTRODUCTION filler rod or tap (of a similar composition as the polymer being joined) is gently pushed into the gap between the Now a day’s plastics are used in everyday life from substrates (Fig1). -
Adverse Reactions to Denture Resin Materials
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2017; 21: 5298-5305 Adverse reactions to denture resin materials M. KOSTIC1, A. PEJCIC2, M. IGIC1, N. GLIGORIJEVIC1 1Clinic of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia 2Clinic of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia Abstract. – Irrespective of the new generation holders, artificial teeth, veneers and temporary of dental materials, acrylates still have a wide crowns and bridges3,4. Soft acrylic materials are indication field. Although they are classified used in the preparation, conditioning, and treat- as biomaterials, acrylates can have both local ment of damaged and inflamed tissue. Special and systemic side effects. The individual com- types of acrylates are used as a part of the structu- ponents of the acrylic materials may leave the dental restorations and diffuse into saliva. The re of materials for the permanent binding of fixed aim of this study was to point out the potential- dentures (resin cement, glass ionomer resin mo- ly toxic components of acrylic dental materials, dified cement). As supporting materials acrylates as well as their possible adverse effects on oral have found the application in making individual tissues and the organism in general. The paper trays, certain dental restorations models, bite pla- was based on the assumption that the appropri- nes and occlusal templates1,2. ate selection of the type of acrylic material and the proper method of their preparation reduce Acrylics, depending on their indication field, their adverse effects to a minimum, which was may differ by type and method of preparation. -
Pvc Piping Systems for Commercial and Industrial Applications
PVC PIPING SYSTEMS FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association © 2012 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA) Acknowledgments We would like to thank the following contributors to the Design Guide: The PVC and Thermoplastic Industrial Piping Systems (TIPS) Product Line Committees and member companies of the Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA). In particular the following PPFA companies and individuals ably assisted in reviewing the text and tables and provided valuable comments which added greatly in producing a better and more accurate source document: Chuck Bush – Oatey Company Mike Cudahy – PPFA Staff Patrick Fedor – IPEX Bill Morris – Charlotte Pipe & Foundry Jack Roach – Mueller Industries Bill Weaver – Harvel Plastics Larry Workman – LASCO Fittings All text, tables and photos were prepared and or edited by David A. Chasis of Chasis Consulting, Inc. Using the Design Guide The Design Guide was created to assist engineers, installers, end-users, engineering students and building code officials in learning more of the dos and don’ts of PVC piping systems. The Design Guide is comprised of ten sections including: Introduction Features and Benefits Engineering Design Joining Methods Installation Testing and Repair Applications Building Codes, Standards, and Sample Specifications PVC Piping and the Environment Other Plastic Piping Systems In addition, in the back of the guide is the most complete appendix and glossary of PVC piping systems ever assembled. Other PPFA Educational Materials The PPFA offers a wide range of other educational materials developed to assist the engineering and construction industry to become more proficient in the use of the preferred piping system...plastics! On-site seminars, Webinars, CD-based seminars, workbooks, online tutorials and product and technical literature are available. -
Kidder-Catalogue.Pdf
SHORT SUMMARY INDEX Balloon Helicopter Kit TRANSPORTATION Pg. 4-13 MECHANISMS Pulleys & Gears Pg. 14 &15 ELECTRICITY Pg. 16-20 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Pg. 21 & 22 Pg. 50 MakerSpace Stations MAGNETICS Pg. 23 & 24 STRUCTURES Wood Building Materials Pg. 25-27 TOOLS & ACCESSORIES Pg. 28-32 MAKERSPACe Pg. 33-34 Pg. 34 WIGGLE-BOTS SAFETY Pg. 35 KIDDERAMA DOLLAR STORE! Pg. 36-38 HYDRAULICS/PNEUMATICS Pg. 39 & 40 TEACHERGEEK Pg. 41 & 42 Pg. 41 FLIGHT/AEROSPACE Pg. 43-45 SAFETY EARTH & SPACE Pg. 46 OPTICS Pg. 47 LABWARE & CHEMISTRY Pg. 48 & 49 Pg. 35 PHYSICS Forces, Mass & Density Pg. 50 TELESCOPES PLASTICS & MANUFACTURING Pg. 51-55 RESOURCE MATERIAL Pg. 56-58 CLOCKS & CRAFT SUPPLIES Pg. 59-69 Pg. 46 A...Bass Body Blanks N CO2 Dragster Supplies Th e basswood blank has a hole for the cartridge cut out. O I It is 30cm x 4cm x 7cm. T CAT# 19-1013 EA ........................QTY 1 $5.60, 2-5 $5.00, 20+ $4.30 A CAT# 19-1014 EA (BALSA)............QTY 1 $7.70 2-5 $6.85 20+ $5.95 T R B...Rear Slicks O Th ese plastic slicks are 40mm in diameter and 16mm thick. 12” A P CAT# 19-1016 EA ................................QTY 1 56¢, 2-5 46, 6-19 42¢ S CAT# 19-54-1016 100/PKG ......................................................$30.00 Also available in BALSA Cat# 19-1014 N CAT# 19-5426 500/PKG ..........................................................$146.50 A R C...Front Wheels T TRANSPORTATION Th ese plastic wheels are 33mm in diameter and 5mm thick. CAT# 19-1015 EA .................................QTY 1 47¢, 2-5 43¢, 6-19 39¢ CAT# 19-54-1015 100/PKG .....................................................$22.50 CAT# 19-5425 500/PK. -
Structural Design Procedure for Corrugated Plastic Drainage Tubing
'-^^n a. STRUCTURAL DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR CORRUGATED PLASTIC DRAINAGE TUBING Technical Bulletin No. 1466 -OjÇûS Agricultural Research Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE in cooperation with The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and Department of Agricultural Engineering Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express appreciation to many colleagues for suggestions and assistance given in the preparation of this technical report-G. O. Schwab, N. R. Fausey, and B. H. Nolte, for reviewing and offering comments on the report; to R. C. Reeve, research investigations leader, who reviewed the report in depth and made detailed suggestions for improving it; and to Dennis L. Bassett, research assistant, who drafted all the figures and graphs in the report. CONTENTS Page List of symbols iv Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Purpose and scope of the report 2 Flexible conduit principle 2 Design procedure 2 Principle 2 Step 1 : General requirements and assumptions 3 Step 2: Design soil load 4 Step 3: Soil-conduit deflection 4 Step 4: Parallel-plate design load 6 Step 5: Plastic material specifications 6 Step 6: Moment-of-inertia of pipe wall 7 Step 7: Corrugation profile design 7 Step 8: Approximating minimum coiling radius for draintube 23 Step 9: Water-entry openings in draintube wall 24 Comments and discussion 26 Selected references 27 Appendix I 28 Appendix II 30 Analysis example 1 3Q Analysis example 2 35 Appendix III 4O Washington, D.C. Issued July 1973 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price: 65 cents, domestic postpaid; 40 cents, GPO Bookstore Stock No. -
Coating Containing Urethane and Acrylic Resin Mixture for Improved
Europaisches Patentamt (19) European Patent Office Office europeenpeen des brevets £P 0 661 317 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) intci.6: C08G 18/40, C09D 175/06 of the grant of the patent: 11.11.1998 Bulletin 1998/46 (21) Application number: 94119907.7 (22) Date of filing: 16.12.1994 (54) Coating containing urethane and acrylic resin mixture for improved resistance to chipping Urethan- und Acrylharzgemisch enthaltende Beschichtung zur Verbesserung des Steinschlagschutzes Revetement a partir d'un melange de resine d'urethane et d'acrylique pour une resistance amelioree aux pierres (84) Designated Contracting States: • Foukes, Richard J. DE ES FR GB IT SE Utica, Michigan 48317 (US) (30) Priority: 23.12.1993 US 173296 (74) Representative: Munch, Volker, Dr. et al Dres. Fitzner, Munch & Jungblut (43) Date of publication of application: Kaiserswerther Strasse 74 05.07.1995 Bulletin 1995/27 40878 Ratingen (DE) (73) Proprietor: BASF CORPORATION (56) References cited: Southfield, Michigan 48086-5009 (US) EP-A- 0 542 105 EP-A- 0 555 705 (72) Inventors: • Harris, Paul J. West Bloomfield, Michigan 48324 (US) DO Is- CO CO CD Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice the Patent Office of the Notice of shall be filed in o to European opposition to European patent granted. opposition a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. a. 99(1) European Patent Convention). LU Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP0 661 317 B1 Description Field of the Invention 5 The present invention is directed to coating compositions.