• W•• CHECK YOUR ORDER ON THIS HANDY BLANK! DESCRIPTION Prio. DESCRIPnON Price LIONEL GG-l PENN. Quan. Quan. ELECTRIC-TYPE LOCO &

2332 _._ ...... _. .:;=,--.;---.,- _._... ._ . _.. _ .. _ ....

M. ..M

$37.50 Wh. LIONEL "027" GAUGE TRAIN SETS LOCOS "027" GAUGE TRACK AND SWITCHESM._. . LIONEL ZW 30/.. . high. Authentically desiqned. beautifully (TransIOl"mars lnclud'ed) Manual Switchel "0". .{p air) S_OO 20·wheel drive. realistic-sounding- born. 2 panto_ "Scout" Freiqht . . .515.95 Elec. Rem. Cont. .Switches.. ... _ .I . (pr.) 10.95 can railed or lowered. Desiqued for third·rail op­ "Scout" 4·Cal" Freight 18.95 adiustabla for pantoqraph ovarhead currant pick-up. Freight with Whistle Tendel"M"_" Magnetic Track Set 2.75 ._MM.M··.. ····M.. Freiqht w. built·in Remote Control Track Set. 2.50 Pall. with 1������:������ Ci'i o;..� � ov�.�r 1.15 Fl"eiqht w. and Gauge) .4' Pall...... _ . . . . 'tiool .25 .... (section) _2S 2.50 . .. • ����������Q������� . 10 2.50 2.75 18.75 I 10.00 1.75

Throt­ 2.75 •• but­ 3.00 On .3' layout. .30 labia. _3D .30 Completelr l"ede.iqned with brand-new Speed Connol TYPE VW AC. .10 da 2 buUl-in_ . raversinq. .M . __H __ buttons.... __ ...andH .•_H_ 2 •••whistle _H. contl"ol toni, for the simultaneous operation of 2 tl"ains $22same.50 .OS tl"ack ILLUMINATED4 output circuits. BUMPER each independently connol­ NEW plus buill-in automatic circuit breaker. Handsome bakelite case. 250 watts. 115 volts AC. 50-80 cycle.'$ 25.00 1.95 LIONEL TRANSFORMER-ISO watts. 115 nltl; 6.50 50·60 cycles. .. .. ___ 15.75 "0" IS.50 :li1.75 5.50 FLASHING Patterned after real railroad bumpers. 4.50 Indispenlable forHIGHWAY "dead end"SIGNAL tl"ack. 4.25 Spring- buffer absol"bs shock. Red warn­ 4.75 b:toq Jiqht. For and "027" gaute. .•..• �.... H . 21.50 _ ._ .. 19.95 _ ••H .... H....

'.... H .. H._.24 0 24.95 "0" os ••M.M ...... H •• 12.50 ,.... _ ...... 10.95 Flashes alternate red .. M_.... M ..... " AUTOMA1JC 3.25 warninq liqhts as train 'M.. M... . H.2452 approaches; BLOCKceases whenSIGNAL . ..M ... . .-2454 train bas passed. 9" "H.M.__ .H _2456 •• hiqh. For "027" or . . 6 q auge s. Contactol" in­ may . 2461 2.25 56 cluded. $4.'75 . _.2465 3.00 ...... ,H .. 2458 ... MM ....M ... . . 2.50

. ..._ ... _.HM._ __2555 • ...... _ . M.. . 2.25 .M'MM.. .._ .M._.2625 . . __.M_ ...... H ... 1.25 .. .H . .. M. ..2627 ...._.M .. Teleqraph ....PolesH...... (5et of 6) 3.00 Controls locomotives auto­ 2628 matically so 2 nains 153·C Contactor for Block Sig'nal... 1.25 AUTOMATIC CARS m154-C Contactor for Hiqhway...... MSiqnaL.. ..H � run at .ame time on same __.... _ .._ .. _.H_ 1.25 �... .. _ track. without crack-up. . .3451 Operatinq . __LumberH .... M ._ . CarM._. .._ . 6.51 156 Illuminated Station Platform.M." .... . 4.50 Sig-nal Uqht. also oparate . . _._3459 Operatinq Ore_._ . Dump._ ._._ .. _ Car.. H 7.75 167 Whistle Controller . .. . . 3.25 on .ingle traiD pe:form· . _3462 Operating' Milk Car 9.50 . ._____ .. _ .H ...... _ __. .. H... . 206 Artificial.M .Coal... _ ._ ..... _ ...... 3S ance. For all gaug-es...... 3559 Operating- Coal Dump Car 5.50 308 Yard Set . Contactor included. $4.25 3.25 TRANSFORMERS VW. 31. Girder Bridge 2.50 80 Watts . 10.95 Illuminated Trestle MAPISON...... rAYS3.95 90 Watts . . . . 9.95 . . 919 Baq of Artificial GrassTHE rOSTAGE.SO 110MAOISON WaUs . . HARDWARE. 13.15CO...... 925 Tube of Lubricant AI

NAME ___" MARCH

ADDRESS Red warninq liqht ...... siqnal. approach forCITY above. ZONE STATE ... nain; qate$4.50 AV'I'OMATIC WATER TOwn lowers. When train has pOised. liqht qoes out and qate opens. 10112" COUPLER TRUCKS tolds 10 long. For all OUR OTHER ON BACK COVER KNUCXLE 1 qauqel. Contactor$7.95 SEE AD included. folder.

us action. When control button is pressed. Mostblqenio ..._ ...... spout lowers over waiting locomotive tender. Spoul back vertical position when button il reo leased. Tank made of translucent polystrene. Fully Automatic. Die Cast. Heavy.. M Solid Steel Wheels. Heavy Steel Axles. Non­ Bind Bearings. EACH With Roller Contact Pick·Up . . $1.50 Without Roller Contact Pick-Up 1.25 6 Wheel Knuckle Coupler rrucks with Roller Contact Pick,Up . 1.75 Semi·Automatic Box Type Trucks (4 wheels) (2&00, 2700 and 2900 Series Only) .35 1

- ___ I , - --

Rita E. M:lza Rohert Sherman R. Lodato Gordon K. Zern Assislarlt Editor r:o".�/litillg Editor Circulatiorl Mtl1lllger Editor

Maybe iL's the spring weather and maybe LOCOMOTIVE GRAVEYARD . it's just the way things nre, but every year 6 about this time we gel an article or a com· munication or a 'phone call or something Although this is the sad account of the prototype train's burial that revives our spirits no end. After aU, grounds, this story may supply some useful ideas for your pike. they've been buried under a welter of snowy walks and muddy shoes for the last four or five months and they need some attention, HOW TO BUILD MODEL HOUSES 8 our spirits, that is. Anyway, sure enollgh iL arrived today­ This article will give you the finely detailed, basic plans for the annual letter that always makes us feel building model houses that help make your pike look true-to-Iife. that there is hope for things yet. We won't tip the whole thing, but it's a leuer from L. A. Bartholomew aod it runs to four pages. It came too late to gel into ROADSI�E IMPEDIMENTA 12 the March issue, and it deserves so much altention tbat wc'lI cheerfully devote a YOLl can add fine realistic touches to your pike by constructing whole I)age to it ncxt issue in April. these roadside incidentals that are discussed in this article. WhaL it ofTers, in brief, is a long step forward in solution of problems for hobby. ists. And anybody knows that hobbyists A DEMOUNTABLE-LAYOUT have more headaches pcr cubic inch of brain 14 than anybody else except maybe hobby edi. Here is a hobbyist who solved the worrisome problem of how to lors. 000 build a sturdy pike that can be demounted and set up many times. Probably one of the things that depresses us most of all during the winter is the rash of cartoons that break out all over otherwise AN L.C.L CEMENT CAR . acceptable magazines just before Christmas. 17 We will wager several used copies of Model Some issues ago we promised you a cement car that is handsome as Builder that next Christmas and the next and everyone thereafter, there will be at well as functional on your model railroad layout; and here it is. lensl three cartoons showing kids fending off fathers or fathers fending off kids from train sets. SNAPSHOTS 20 This is nIl very true to We maybe, and I'm sure that tbe first magazine which ap· Here are more photos of some of our readers' splendid layouts. peared with tbe joke back in 1903 got howls of appreciative lnughter. But for us, we think it's been worked over enough now and can be bid to rest along with jokes about SUNSHINE BAKERS AT FILLMORE 22 tnndem bicycles ;md Jack Benny's switch to wherever he switched to. Frank C. Ellison again comes through with the complete construc­ " 0 0 tion plans for a building that is sure to add color to your pike. Periodically wc use this space to air gripes and beefs of various sorts that all editors accumulate. Most editors like being editors, but all of them beef about writers, CARDBOARD SCENERY 25 readers, ndvertisers, printers, not 10 men· tion other editors. The experiences of this model hobbyist prove that you don't have On the other hand, the readers retaliate to be an artist to make realistic, fine scenery for your layout. \'I'ilh great pungency by writing letters to the editor, a surprising number of which start out by saying in effect, "\Vhat's the HOW TO PAINT YOUR MODELS matter with you jerks." 28 All this is as it should be and it keeps editors from getting adhesions to their What you, beginner or expert, will learn from this fundamental c.hairs, but it poses some tough problems. model article will prove invaluable in the finishing of models. The one we've tried to solve in this issue is the frequent question, "Why not do some houses?" Well, we shy nway from houses COVER as nrticle material because most often you do one particulnr house and there you are. It won't fill up n town and it isn't very A New York Central locomotive near Rochester, N. Y. hauls ship­ ments of grain to mai·ket. A New York Central System photograph. (Conl.inucll on Page 36)

For advertising inform3tioD, write to MODEL BUILDER, Room 1901, 15 East 26th Street, New York 10, New York

Richard S. Robbin. _ Advertisinq Repre.entatin - Room 221 - 1133 Broadway - New York 10, N. Y.

Publisherl eight times a year-January. February. March, Aoril, September, October, November, December-by The Lionel Corporation, 1.3 East 26th Street. New York 10, N: Y. Entered as second class matter, February 19, 1042, at the post office at New York. N. Y., unrler the act of March 3, 1879. Entire contents copyrighted, 1949 by The �Ionel Corl>:oration. Price 2':;C a copy. Subscription price $1.50 a year in the United States and possessions; $2.00 per year elsewhere. Display advertising rates upon applica. tlon. Contributors are especially advised to be sure to retain copies of their contribu tions, otherwise they are taking an unnecessary risk. Evcry possible effort will be made in our organiJ:ation to return unavailable manuscripts. photographs and drawings (if accompanied by pOSla$e), but we will not be responsihle for any loss of such matter contributed. It will be assumed that unless otherwise specifically stated. all photogra phs and other material submitted are offered for reproduction without compensation. Printed in the U. S. A.

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LIONEL ""''7� '' PLATE VS. BAR but have uol come out so hot' so I would like to see some detailed plaus on the above To the Editors: • mentioned. TRANSfORMERS I am a new subscriber to your magazinc, (lnd 1 think it is swell. The main reason I am writing is that I disagree with an answer in the quiz of the January, 1949 issue of Model Builder. The question was: What is the piece of melal that connects ule ends of two railroad rails called? You said it was fI fish plate. I did not think it was, so I looked it up ill the encyclopedia and it said it was an angle bar. Thomas Clinton 1002 South Mont Clair DaUas, Texas We have no arguments with Reader Clinton's encyclopedia. However, our source of information, which is the railroad man, tells us that he calls "'that piece of metal" a fish plate. That's good enough for us. I don't have much gd()e with Model Builder except that of ngreeillg witb Cnm­ eron Smith, Ogunquit, mainly on the subject of cars. I think you should put some plain o gauge curs in your magazine. Bow about n column set IIside for model railroad hints w:ritlen hy model railroaders '?� like Frank Ellison, Robert Sherman, and Henry Abraham? Jack Hank de He«).,, , 1127 Capuchino Avenue Burlingame, Calif. For one of Reader Bank's requests, see uRoadside Impedimenta" in this ENGINEER month's issue.

THROTTLES COMPROMISE To the Editors: Ws almost like being in the cab of a real ft seems to me that nine out or ten leners have a complaint of some kind. Some want locomotive when you grip these Engineer. "tilis" and some want "thlll," they don't type Throttles and start to roll your fast B. & l. BOARD think of the other guy. freight out of the yards! Move the throt­ Some want real nlilroad articles and some To the Editors: wnnt model train articles. tles forward and the train slowly picks up I would like to have the name and address I think you are doing a good job of divid: speed; pull them toward you and your of a place where I can get Bristol and illus· ing things evenly. speeding limited slows down for station tration board. I have sent to numerous I, myseH, like model railroad articles but places but without success. stops. Now, without toking your hand the real railroad is still very helpful. I would like to compliment yOll on your from the throttles, you can give a blast excellent magazine. I have not found a on the lionel locomotive Whistle or re­ railroad magazine yet that explains and verse the direction of the train! liTrain­ shows clearly the things in articles like yours - master" Transformers Types VW and ZW does. both feature the Engineer Throttles. Ei­ Paul Burckbart 739 McGill Street ther will operate up to four trains simulta­ Orrville, Ohio neouslyon differentlayouts. Order one for Reader Burckhart should be able to your pike today from your lionel dealer! buy Bristol and illustration board in either an art supply store or a sta­ tionery store.

There are still a few 1948 Lionel full col· COMMENTS or Catalogs left-and To tbe Editors: they're yours for the I am a new subscribe[" of about a yellr, and asking. Write your after reading othe[" readers' comments, praise, name and addre$S suggestions, and complnints I thougbt I elearlyon a post card would put my two cents in. and tell us you want First, after reading the January issue I Gerald Sharp one olthe 1948 FREE am glad to see the railroad quiz back and 8240 Orchard lionel Train Cata­ a150 an article on how to build a table which Base Line, Mich. logs. We'll send you will help me and a lot of other beginners one promptly. Jike myself. especi31ty enjoyed Ihe article I CONSTRUCTION, PLEASE on Sooty's Coal Yard, because I am in tbe process of building some buildings fo[" my To the Editors: THE LIONEL CORPORATION layout. I think Model Builder is swell, but I I would. especially like to sec :10 article can't figure out why it's not published duro 15 EAST 26th STREET On how to build small things like hand ing the summer months. NEW YORK 10, N.Y. trucks, telephone poles, endhumpers, and How abotlt another page of snapshots lamp posts. I have started on these things a "Layout of the Month." This would

4

\ beginners like myself and also give advanced the editors. If some of those w4.o tear apart model railroaders a few tips. Model Builder's good efforts would only I'd appreciate some articles on road con­ keep their shirt on their back, bide their BUILD IT YOURSELF struction, such as highways, grade crossings. time, and do as I did, they too, in short lime, and even city streets and sidewalks. would have a pike to display with pride. Don't get me wrong. I still think your When I got my first set, I also got a Model magazine is tops! Builder magnzine. There was nothing in it Jack Ludwig for me, so I thought at that time, foc I ex· 8261 S. Langley pected to learn in one simple edition all Chicago 19, Ill. :II>out pikes, etc. A friend suggested I try to purchase tbe complete magazines for the QUESTIONS and ANSWERS past two years and read them carefully. To the Editors: This I did, and to my amazement I found Although I am an ardent train fan and a that the articles therein contained were so reader of your magazine for over two years, varied that after taking bits or each and this is the first time you have heard from putting them together, what seemed an un· me. However. it seems right enough that surmountable barrier became comparatively we should all throw in our pill occasionally. simple; patience plus a little or your own First. a question, the answer to which will time makes up the formula for pleasant rail· help me as well as many others, I am sure. roading. Suppose that one train with five cars reo It is apparent, that in its due time, most quires 16 volts. If a second train of identical every subject is touched upon now and tben. load is placed in the same block, how mucb, I started by reading all articles and ill the if any, voltage increase is necessary? A meanwhile, playing with my trains on the simple 12-volt bulb or a dozen of them still floor, as all beginners do. In the mean· require only 12 volts. Is the same true of lime I have formulated mental plans as to trains? I am using a ZW transformer so what I should ultimately enjoy seeing my I ,. have lots of power. pike look like. When through Model , Builder I learned about circuits and elec· tricity, saw 15 to 20 assorted types of com· plete layout plans, saw various snapshots of other men's pikes. I began to fit things With Tru-Scale's together. Corrugated Aluminum I now have a beautiful pike laid out ... fuHy wired .•. This was achieved solely U-Build Kit through using the articles wriUen up in Model Builder. Scores of authentic building'S such as tbe oil Ouly too often people forget that there is derrick shown above can be built quickly and a limit to the amount of articles that can easily with tbis famous "build-il-ygunell" kit be printed in one edition, and' because of by True-Scale. Iheir impatience begin to tell the editors See your nellrest dellier. If he can't supply how terrible Model Builder is. It is my you, order direct. opinion that the editors Qt:e only loo willing 10 please, �nd if and 1vhen many request a "0" - 1/4" scale kit S2.85 plus postage ptlrlicular item, then you can bet that shirt off your back, if you haven't in your haste already lorn it off, that it wi1l receive a proper write up. I have reached the point Having gotten this off my chest, I can where I should like 10 run a few locomotives settle back and enjoy my future issues. 'I'll 011 my pike. The picture I see, shows as be interested in the answer to my question lllany as four on a layout. How can this be and I'll be looking for some Diesel covers in done without having start at the same the fortbcoming year. My compliments on all time when the current is turned on and a fine magazine. witbout ultimately causing crash-ups? I TINPLATE AND SCALE Bill Leland need this information in simple explanation, 346 Yale Avenue SALES AND SERVICE and I presume many others have need for Winnipeg, Mtlnitoba the same. Another item I crave help on is SIMONSEN MODEL SUPPLIES Canada The answer to the question about how to make ]JI'oper gradint; four inches to 3054 N. Greenview Ave. ChlC8qO 13. IlL the 100 inches on a layout 4' x 8'. TeL Eaatqillte 7·1565 voltage is that if one train requires I sincerely want to .thank you one and an 16 volts, two trains or twenty trains of the editorial staff ror making my rail. will also require only 16 volts. The 'loading a l1appy hohby. problem is that an additional number Saul Schwartz 1627 E. 67th St. of trains. require an increased watt­ H EADQU ARTERS Chictlgo 49, lll. (In age, and so may require extra trans­ Thanks to Saul for hitting the edi­ Brooklyn) former capacity. However, with a ZW torial nail on the head; we try to for LIONEL transformer, there should be no prob­ cover everything in due time. As to lem of any kind under normal operat­ the questions: Usually the pictures are DINKY 0 Gauge Cars Ilnd Trucks, made to ing conditions, no matter how many posed, it is true, but by having in­ scale, at new low prices: trains are run. sulated sections of trackage that have 29C Double Decker Bus ...... �...... _s .85 their own connecting switches, it is 47 Road Signs (Set of 12) 1.50 FACTORIES. ETC. possible to rig them so that they are 30F Ambulance ...... � ...... 75 To the Editors: connected with the remainder of the These Ilnd many other 0 Gauge DINKY items I get Model Builder magazine and I like now in stock. They will add realism Ilnd interest it very much, especially the articles on fac. track or are unconnected. Thus, a 10 your layout. tories and houses. Keep up the good work. train sitting on a section can be im­ John De Pree mobilized when the knife switch that LIONEL True·lo·Life Accessories 49 N. Church Street connects the section is pulled out. Zeeland, Mich. As to grades, on a 4' x 8' layout, the 26 Illuminated Bumper, 0 and 027 ...... 1.75 There are some more of the kind of "Ornamental" Lamp Post ...... 2.50 grade will have to run around a curve 58 article Reader De Pree likes in this 115 Automlltic Slop Station ...... 16.50 issue. or two, a poor expedient but often 354 Conveyor Lumber Loader ...... 12.50 necessary. In other words, the grade 397 Diesel-Type Conveyor Coal Loader ...... 10.95 150 Telegraph Poles (set of 6)...... $ 3.50 HIGH PRAISE would run along the four-foot section To tbe Editors: and continue along the eight-foot sec­ I have been a subscriber to Model Builder tion until completed, by which time it HOBBY TRAIN MART, INC. for two years and read every word printed in would be covering nearly three sides (formerly Hollender's) each edition. It is II superb magazine. of the table. A better alternative is to 37 Bond Street Brooklyn 2, N. Y. It amuses me to read the letters seut in Opposite Loesser's by subscribers .. some throwing orchids, start from a middle point and grade . TRiangle 5.B876 C.O.Do's Accepted while others berate the good intentions of up and down, thus cutting gradients.

MARCH, 1949 5

- This story tells you what hap­

pens to trains no longer of use.

T TAKES about 140,000 man hours to produce a locomotive I from blueprint to finished stage. It takes only eight hours to scrap the same locomotive. Six skilled workers in the Modena Scrapping Plant of Luria Brothers & Company can reduce a worn out Pacific locomotive to a pile of unrecognizable but usable scrap ready for the melt­ ing furnace in eight hours flat. The reaSOll, of course, is that the scrapping operations at Modena are systematized to an extent that might break the heart of any confirmed steam fan. The first step in scrapping a locomotive is to set the cab on fire. This incendiarism has been found the most satisfactory method of removing all wood, the presence of which wouLd cause havoc at the open hearth furnace which will eventually convert the metal back into rails, tie-plates, Diesel engine parts or any of the other vast numbers of steel items. When the bUTning ceremony is finished, the cab, domes, stacks and all other parts of the superstructure are stripped off with an acetylene torch. A gantry crane removes the debris and stacks it in other parts of the yard. Next the boiler is cut away from the chassis, leaving the wheels and framework. When this is completed, the frame and wheels are cut into small pieces, removed from the track and stacked by the electro-magnetic crane. Large pieces and plates are fed into a 100 ton alligator shear which quickly chomps them into pieces that can be easily managed.

Burning h�ls been found the fastest wny to e1irninate the useless wood in the cabs of old locomotives wbose usefulness is gone. The metal parts or the cab will be eul off :md eventunUy melted back into useful steel.

6 MODEL BUILDER The steel tires that fit over the rims must he cut oft with The oxy-acetylene torch can I'educe hundrcds of hours of fine an acetylene burning torch. Scnlp is sepnrated hy grades and workmanship 10 scr:lp in a few moment.s. The scrap is espe· goes into open hearth furnaces, perhaps to mnke new engines. cially valuablc because of the high-grade steels originally used.

The stacks are piled neal' a siding where the magnetic crane away from any problems of nicety, there is an opportunity will eventually load them into flat cars on their way to the for any modeler to make a compact yard that will be fascinat­ steel mills. ing to watch, and will will afford him opportunities to use his Luria Brothers & Company scrap an average of 200 locomo­ electro-magnetic crane. tives a year at their Modena plant in Pennsylvania. The aver­ A spur can be set up and one or two old and otherwise use­ age weight of these locomotives is about 350,000 pounds each, less locomotive frames and unusable parts set out on it. Of which results in 70,000,000 pounds of critically needed scrap course, the motors would have been removed, also the wheels steel each year. if they could be salvaged. For any modeler who doesn't have An operation sLlch as this one poses a neat problem to any an old engine no longer in shape to run, there is a probability model railroader. On the one hand, it is certainly a legitimate of being able to get one dirt-cheap at any hobby shop or from ending for old trains ; but on the other hand there seems to other hobbyists. be a certain tinge of treason to any operation which reduces The yard would consist of little more than heaps of bits of the queens of the rails into ignominious scrap. Still, turning. metal to be shuffled about by the crane. END

While one workman Stdl};; otT the boiler's ouler coaling, n Some of the pieces can be cut more (Iuickly with :l shears, lind second mall retrieves the valuable ;lsbestos insulation which so this inlrnl1cse mechanical Scissors cllls through the sheet metal will also be piled up :md sold to go into new industrial uses. as scissors go through :I scrnp or cardbO:lfll used ill a model.

MARCH, 1949 7 H·O TO BUILD

This is the first of two articles on the building of model houses.

By Joe Clayton

RE THE veterans in YOUI' model sian to the simplest bungalow, there is check off all the items your building will A town doubling up with their in-laws something basic and common to all of have. If you do not decide in advance, because they can't find a place to live? them. Mainly, they consist of a rectang­ you will find too late that you may have, There is no shortage of building mate­ ular core that resembles an over-sized for example, left out an entrance to the rials for a model town, and now in this cheese box. But from this core, extend­ building you're constructing. series of two articles, we will show you ing in all directions are additions and at­ After you've checked off all the items, how to build almost any type of home, tachments that add the character and draw a rough map, not necessarily to Colonial, or rambling ranch style, bunga­ individuality to your home and which scale, of exactly where each item will go. low, or Cape Cod type, two-story or one­ make it different from all the rest. You don't have to have an intricate archi­ story. And there will be no excuse for a The first article in this series will ex­ tect's drawing of the house; merely in­ housing shortage in your layout. plain how to make the core and, from dicate the general shape of the house and If you are starting your model town, this core, three basic houses. The next its attachments. you can build it to a set plan or design. article will go into detail on how to adorn Then after you've decided all this, and You can pattern it after your own town, the basic houses to give them their in­ the house is completely clear in your or even your own home. Or you can dividuality, and to make them into large mind, begin to build the core. This core build it like most towns, in a haphazard luxurioLis homes. can be used for almost any type of build­ unplanned manner, a house shooting up Before you begin to build any house, ing, and, therefore, all your houses will here, another there. Remember, that de­ plan it. Decide what style it will be. Do be made practically in the same manner. spite the trend towards one-story homes, you want it to be Cape Cod or Southern Before we go into any further detail, there is still a predominance of two-story Colonial ? Do you want the exterior to let's clarify one point. The core of a houses in the average town. And, there­ be wood or brick? Is it going to be a house is simply one-story of any fou1'­ fore, your pike should have more of the single- or double-story? What kind of walled house, shaped in rectangular form. two-story variety. windows will it have? Will a garage be This is not a house in itself ; it is merely If you take a glance at the homes in atached to the building, or will it be something that is common to all houses. your town, from the wealthy man's man- separate? See the list on this page and (Continued on Page 10)

CHECK LIST

Style of Architecture Colors of"house, including roof Stairs (outside) 0 0 0 Type of Roof Flacement of windows, doors, chim- Porches, style and location 0 0 0 ney Style of Windows Terraces 0 0 Will the house have: Style of Doors 0 0 Type of fence A garage-one car or two ; attached 0 Shutters, kind if any 0 Dormer windows 0 or separate 0 Exterior finish A breezeway Bay windows 0 0 0 Number of Floors Wings or extensions Trellises 0 0 0 Tbis diagram will demonstrate the flexible way Below, the diagrams show bow the various tYI)eS in which houses can be varied. since any house or roor affect the nppearance or the different is really n box with vnrious sorts or trimming houses. Using one basic rrame, a whole model stich ns this ndded onto its component parts. town can be filled with a variety or dwellings. r- r----

R EIGHTD 5' ______�:.:�� _____ 1 r· -..L: I" STEEP ROOF PITCH TO BE USED WITH CONE FOF 2 OLD ENGLISH STYLE AND DORMER TYPE WINDOW HC -

� IYlQ � DO t " I I � := e - �I��[§l[§l �.- - G5:l t- �DD t 7" DD 8 t ROOF PITCH FOR SINGLE STORY BUNGALOW, CAPE I TWO STORY SHALLOW ROOF AS GEORGIAN, NEW ENGLAi t-c-Ic----- 6" ------+j. I d

(Cont'inued /TO'm Page 8) the two-story houses and the one-story model building in a gauge, most common From the core, as it is, you can build houses are made in a similar manner. windows are 1%" high by %," wide, and almost any type of single-story hOllse doors are 2" high by 0/8" wide. and most kinds of two-story houses with Building the Sides Cut the structure from the illustration tall sloping roofs. Most of the homes Purchase a large piece of illustration board either with a very sharp scissors with high roofs have dormer windows board about 8-ply thick from your local or a razor knife or blade. When cutting protruding from the roof to give the art 01' stationery store. Any smooth sur­ out the windows and door spaces, be rooms more depth. The construction of face cardboard about 1/16" thick will also sure to use a sharp razor blade. One dormer windows will be taken up in the also serve the purpose adequately. On cannot overstress the importance of a next article. this cardboard measure out carefully the sharp cutting tool to prevent ragged Simply, by doubling the height of the dimensions of the walls of the building. edges. Many times, clean cuts will de­ basic core, you can make almost any type Make the building in one piece, and score termine the difference between a realis­ of two-story house with a shallow roof, and bend the corners. If the piece of tic building, or one that looks like pieces a flat roof, or a gambrel type roof. illustration board is not large enough, of cardboard cemented together. After Illustration 1 shows you the core of a then make three connecting walls and cutting out the window spaces, score the house. The remainder of the illustra­ the fourth separate. See Illustration 2. ends of the building so that they will tions shows you how to build a two-story Mark where each window and door will fold easily. Do this by cutting partially >,ouse after the core is doubled. Both be placed. For practical purposes of through the cardboard.

Whether the basic house is two stories 0'· one, the trim and the Any house consists of a box·1ike fname. no maHer how many win· type or roof will give it its basic appea1. Choose from the dows and doors or what the trimmings may be. Of course, it is groups on the preceding page to give each house individuality. possible to add adjuncts and wings which will be covered later.

, I I I I " I I .' • I I , • I

10 MODEL BUILDER 5"

SES

;:", -1 OD _ f ID FARMS l." •I • J !!.. J II 1" I 8 4 16 8 � -� 7" 10" • I

Making the ExlCl'iol' purpose, but anything with a hard, point­ to cover the surface of your house, you Despite recent innovations in modern ed tip will do. Some model makers use can cement the paper directly onto the building materials, the exteriors of the dulled-down ice picks, while others use a sides of the building, cutting out the majority of the homes today are either large nail. Make a deep impression in window and door spaces. wood or brick. Some new houses going the cardboard, and make each scribed Shingle paper can also be purchased up are faced with porcelain or are en­ ]ine as even as possible. Wood siding on at your model store, but the razed finish tirely made of aluminum or glass, but actual houses range from 6" wide to 24" of home-made shingles seem to be more these houses are the exception rather wide, with the majority about 10" or 12" realistic. To make shingles, cut bond than the rule. Wood siding, shingles or wide. Since 0 gauge is %:" to a foot, paper or an index card into 1/2" strips. brick should, therefore, make up the ex­ the scribed lines will range from l/S" Then across the width, cut into the card terior of most of the houses on your lay­ apart to 1/2" apart. In the: model shown about IA,", making each shingle about lA" out, with wood siding having the edge in the i1lustrations the scribed lines are wide 50 that the strip resembles a wide­ in popularity. %," apart. toothed comb. Paint these strips the To make the model seem as if it is Brick exteriors can be made in numer­ color desired, and cement them to the finished with wood siding, scribe the ous ways, but most of them require tedi­ sides of the building. In overlapping the sides of the house with a pointed tool. ous work. It is simpler and more prac­ strips start from the bottom of the build­ A stylus used for cutting mimeograph tical to purchase brick paper from your ing and work your way up. stencils is the best instrument for this bobby store. Then when you are ready (Continued on Page 35)

Here, mullioned windows are used for a specific type, although The frame of any model house should be braced to prevent lllly any of a dozen different sort could be used. A careful blend· sagging or warping, and if a sag is desirable, that too should ing of these elements gives illusion of a complete variance. be built in with sturdy brace and strong model cemellt as shown.

MARCH, 1949 If you want a layout that is true-to-life in every de­ tail, this article will be a helpful step to your goal.

By Robert Shermon

HERE IS an old complaint about tale or two. And if you look close, you'll balsa strips 1/16" thick for the trim, Tmodels, model makers, and for that also see that they just aren't made with some illustration board and some Bristol matter about model magazines. The the same accuracy that the big and per­ board (from a stationer or art supply beef is that when a beginner stops in to fect factory entailed. store if your hobby shop doesn't have see the fellow down the road who has There's a good reason for less accuracy them) , some assorted washers, some been working at his hobby for the last on the little stuff that sits around a lay­ steel wire or some paper clips, and some twenty years, all he ever sees is the last out. The expert knows that the attention­ single strand rubber insulated wire. In model which took 982 hours to make. getters on his pike are the big and im­ addition, get some 3/16" and some ',4" The models that are displayed in store pressive jobs; the little things just add dowel if you don't already have it, model windows are always the most difficult atmosphere, and the average onlooker cement or soldering equipment which­ and perfect ones, and the model maga­ won't pay much attention to the small ever is easier, and some pins or brads zines make a big fuss about the real things. Thus, you too can count on a for axles. Lastly, get some Ys" x l/S " tough jobs. few easy jobs around the road, and jobs pine strips, or balsa if the pine is un­ Naturally, there's more fascination in that are far less finicking to make. obtainable. a beautiful and un-matchable model-but The models shown here will take about Ready? Here goes! that isn't all there is to the hobby, not an hour each if you have your materials For the little hand truck, make the by a long shot. on hand. The bottled gas rack on Page frame of a single piece of the plain wire, Look around the layout of the expert 13, lower right, will take about three and then cement 01' solder the cross we mentioned, and if he has done a good hours, but the others are all sixty-minute braces in place. One of the cross braces job, you'll see an assortment of small jobs, including the painting. can be extended for the wheel axles, or items. There'll be a barrel here, and a For materials, get yourself some fine extra bits of wire may be twisted into little hand truck there and maybe a tell- grain pine blocks for the boxes, some (CorJlinued on Page 34)

Thi:s liule hand truck is frequently seen on Tbis refrigerator could jnst as easily have :Station I}lndorms and around warehouses, and A slnndpipe is a COUlmon accessory jn large or been a slove, automatic washer, clothes dryer, best of all is easily mt.de. Simply bend some slllall ynrds, and your road could use a number or even a piano. Any simple object can be en· wire into Shnl)C and cement or solder, aunching of them. II you have some dowel, the rest is closed in II simple frame crate made of balsn wheels and painting ,IllY color that is wanted. very simple :md can be done in about an hour. wood in a very Iew minutes with model ccment.

l� MODEL BUILDER This relay house is often seen near signal li;;hts or near A rear vi�\� of the relay house shows the wire suspension some semaphores, and it houses the electrical mechanisms Gf the eab:I1{ more clearly. Th� insulated wire must be that actuate the devices. The only Irick is the wiring crimped intQ:�sha�e and hu!)g onttin� suspenders, but since and the louvres, the laller being made of tiny balsa iJits. close inspect�ol1 is unlikely, they needn't/be too perrec!.

Boxes may he any description desired by the maker, but Around a station, many boxes are handled on skids with it is best if he bas some specific object in mind wben lift trucks. Also, many warehouse and IlHlIlufacturing making the box. A rear end assembly for an auto would places use them. Both the skids and the 1Ht truck are easy make an interesting shape as would an airplane engine. to make; they can he grouped with small bought figures.

B:lggage trucks vary considerably depending on the rail. These hOllIes are painted aluminum color which meam road concerned, but many arc like this one. All are easy to llml they conloin manllractllrer's gas for burning or heat· constrllct, however, and you can drop in to the nearest ing, but they could be painted yellow on one tier for l':lilroad station and use their wagon as a prototype model. acetylene and green on the other tier to represent oxygen.

MARCH, 1949 18 By Lawrence W. Sa91e for the manipulation of trains, it can be of the siding, backed up and coupled on constructed in the better part of one day. to the passenger car, set it off on the LOT has been said for the perroa­ Now let's look. at the layout, itself. siding, and, thus, the freight can pull nent model railroad layout. Most The platform is "L" shape, long away without the passenger locomotive A II' 9" having to be moved. every model hobbyist would like to have at the back, 6' 3" long on the right or The control board, seen in the photo­ one, yet there are factors that keep the longest side, and 4' 4" wide on both legs graph, is compact and efficient. 'rhere train fan from building one when and of the II '. (For a complete understand­ V are two transformers to control the where he pleases. ing of the operational moves possible with the trains, see the track diagram.) trains. Two whistle controls operate, one Sometimes he doesn't have an attic or on the main loop and one on the right­ cellar where he can keep a permanent The rolling stock consists of two trains, hand loop, adding realism to the setup. pike. The bedroom or living room may one passenger and one freight. Three There are also two unloading and un­ not be big enough, and then too, the Pullman make the consist of the pas­ coupling devices, one of which governs wife or mother may object to using nec­ senger train, while the freight train is the operation in the front of the station essary household space for the hobby composed of one semi-scale tank car, one and the other the passing 01' side track of one member of the family. gondola, one milk car, and a caboose. in the real'. The milk platiorm, where In spite of these problems, however, a The track is arranged with sections on the automatic attendant in the milk cal' hobbyist can have a splendid layout that which the current can be cut off by puts his cans off, is opposite the station, isn't necessarily a permanent one. the use of toggle switches on the control as can be seen in the photograph. Mr. E. J. Norwood, 5817 Clear Spring board. Therefore, one train can be Six switch controllers, with lights Road, Baltimore, Maryland has solved the "killed," for instance, while the other which indicate whether the switch is problem by constructing a fine demount­ performs a switching operation. Thus, open or closed, complete the board. They able pike that any hobbyist can build and the passenger train can be stopped at the also control the six non-derailing switch­ take pride in. Although this layout has station a,nd the rear car cut off. The es, three right and three left-hand. As a complicated control and block system freight train can then be brought off can also be seen in the photographs,

MODEL BUILDER 14 there is a number on each switch stand, which reduces the possibility of the wrong switch being selected. The opera­ tor can easily identify the switch he in­ tends to throw by means of the visible numbers. The switch lamps are on the fixed voltage plug of the transformer which causes them to operate at slow speed. All of the switch and switch lamp circuits lead off of rheostat No. 1. Rheo­ stat No. 2 operates the semaphore signal block signal as well as the mechanical crossing watchman. The platform frame is in three large sections (see photographs), and the top portions, in sections, are set on top of the frame. In the photographs it can readily be seen how this is accomplished. Attention is directed to the use of wood­ en cross-ties, laid so that they are con­ tinuous under the track with spaces pro­ vided for metal ties on track sections. • The track sections may be screwed down, since any use of nails would event­ ually ruin the tracks, and in this case a short No. 6 screw was used. There is ample reason for allowing the track to be removed, even though it does require extra time. By so doing, the damage to track in handling is reduced to a mini­ The control panel of the road is l'emarkabJy com'presscd as it mum, while periodic track cleaning is must be on a stow-away layout, but despite its size it is efficient. easier when done one section at a time. This cleaning of grit and grime from the track surfaces is one of the model tures were all constructed from kits ex­ a system that is simple enough for a child road operator's constant headaches, im­ cept the watchman's shanty and the truss to handle, but, at the same time, is far peding operation as it does, and the sys­ bridge. The Hpage" fence around the superior to a one-loop track that provides tem used here is as neat a solution as factory was made of fly screening and no opportunity to vary the direction or could be found. old HO brass rail. Telegraph poles were combination in the operations of your The scenery sections are built up on constructed from 3/16/1 dowel-pin stock, model trains. frames covered with the cheapest of the cross-arms from Vs " balsa and the Any other model railroader, faced with block metal fly screening over which insulator pins from HO track spikes. a problem of making a layout that can plumber's asbestos cement has been The lights in the buildings are on a be dismounted on occasion, can make a trowled to a thickness of 'Is". This is 110-volt circuit direct, using fifteen 12- solution quite as satisfactory as this one. then painted with a cheap grade of ar­ volt lamps in series. Most of the wiring The difficulty for any writer, of course, tist's colors, using a mixture of linseed from the control board and under the is that he cannot know exactly what the oil and turpentine as a medium. The platform consists of stranded radio hook­ particular problems are in each case. tree trunks are made of steel wool at­ up wire. Coded colors are used for trac­ Every case will vary, but here are some tached to twigs dipped in varnish and ing the circuits. ideas. then rolled in dyed sawdust. The struc- Mr. Norwood's layout is an example of (Continued on Following Page)

Scenery is simple on the layollt, but is effective due to careful Notice the careful use of lichen for shrubs and trees. This ma· placing of objects and avo,idance of any clnttering effect. terial call he gotten at hobby stores or most florist shops. (Continu.ed JrO'»/. Preceding Page)

The system outlined here allows for CONTROL limited or temporary display space, but it does require a good deal of storage space. How about the modeller who doesn't have the storage space either? Well, presuming there is no attic, gar­ age or cellar available for storage, there are still several spaces often unused in most homes. The foremost of these is under the beds, and many successful lay­ outs have been made with folding legs so that they can be collapsed and slid and are about the size of a cardtable, a bookcase, and it can hold two sections under beds. Some even have castors on even if considerably thicker. And this, of a layout that can be hooked together. them. The rolling stock and the pro­ too, as are all these suggestions, has been And lastly, although we don't recom­ truding accessories like water towers can tried and found adequate in practice. mend it, are the die-hards who, when be removable. Another unused home space in many everything else fails, just suspend a If a closet is available, three sections cases is wall space. A cabinet fit flush large table from the ceiling and let it can be made so that they fold together against a wall may be no thicker than down when needed. END

Notice how the sections are joined together in the simplest After lrnck is on, an entire section of scenery is dropped in way, with ties so that trackage can be put down in short time. position. and with one tree and a traiu added, is a11 finished. I I �J

Here are the plans for the construction

of a car that is sure to be of use on any pike.

By Robert Sherman ets. Build up the coupler pocket, Figure wood lathe, you can turn the tanks out Ie, with 'Is" x 'Yo " illustration board. of wood 1 15/16" in diameter. If not, NAprevious issue we described how The sides and ends are shown in Figure you can build them up of Bristol board I to build a cement hopper car. Here 2. Complete dimensions are given. The and plaster of Paris. See E in Figure 3. are the instructions we promised for vertical str�ps on the sides, numbering Cut a 7'2 " dowel stick 1112 " long, Figure making another cement car of a differ­ 17, are evenly spaced with the two end 3D, and cement a disc to each end. Be ent type. It is for carrying mixed con­ ones, 'h the spacing of the rest. Fasten careful to get the discs in line. They are crete to bridge construction jobs, etc. the sides and ends to the floor with the top and bottom of the tank. When The car is essentially a gondola car cement, give a coat of shellac and set (Continued on Following Page) holding five tanks with top openings and aside to dry. lifting rings. The car floor is made of If YOll are a lucky one who owns a double weight iI1ustl'ation board or vene­ tian blind slat 2 3/16" x 10'ls" (see Figure 1A) with a center sill %" deep and cross braces as shown in the photo­ graph, Figure lB. Use staples for grab irons and very small washers glued to 'Is" x '/S " Bl'istol board for poling pock-

MARCH, 1949 17 G

- - --' - L - - - 1 I I I I " I I I I 2j6 I I 15" I I I I TS I I I I " I II I I I is I I I I I I I I: I I I I I I __ ..!_ := = -=--=--=--=-Lj�=�I ���� TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW o (Continued h'om Page 17) the gondola first with black flat paint. Paint the tanks red. Cement the tanks they are completely dry, roll a strip of to the gondola floor with 1/32" space thin Bristol board 1 11/16" wide and 7" between the tanks ; be careful about fac­ long on to the discs and dowel to form ing th� detail on the tank tops in the the sides of the tank, Figure 3F; cement same direction. as you roll and fasten with clamps or Now comes the artistic work. This pins at each side. You will notice the car is a messy thing when seen on the assembly of the discs and dowel is short road, so go to work with light gray down to allow space for clamps. Give the tanks the sides and over the tank tops. The two coats of shellac. When dry, form the idea is to let some of the original paint top with plaster of Paris or patching ce­ show through the cement so don't over­ ment using a spatula or knife, to the do it. Many good models are spoiled by dimension shown in Figure 3. The final a poor and quickly done paint job. finish of these tops is achieved by sand­ Fasten the couplers and trucks on ing and shellacing them. with wood screws and allow clearance be­ The covers on top of the tanks are tween the truck flanges and the car bot­ made of illustration board, Figure 3G. tom. No lettering is necessary on this Cut two discs for each tank, one 0/8 " car ; the prototype had been lettered on�e, diameter and one 13/16" diameter. The but the cement dripping hilS covered It. small one is cemented on the large one. If possible, an occasional squirt of gray The hinge and latch detail is '/s" lengths paint with a small spray or air brush of tooth picks. Cement this cover as­ will soften the "spilled cement" and give sembly on the tank, being careful to get a more realistic effect. the seams on the tank side so they will The car takes a minimum of effort and not show when in the gondola. There are skill, and it is different enough from four lifting eyes on each tank, Figure 3H. your other cars to excite comment, yet not Make them of 1/32" wire, 'V8 " long. Bend so different as to be a freak. These are double over a 3/32" rod, or a nail of that often used in connection with a crane diameter will do. When formed, they will that will hoist the containers out of the look like hair pins. Cement them 90· gondola, and consequently it can add real­ apart on the top edge of the 1 11/16" ity to your over-all appearance. Perhaps side of the tank. After they are com­ with a bit of practice you can actually pletely dry, bend them in slightly. load and unload the car with the crane. The gondola car and tanks are now In any case, it will be fun to build and ready to assemble. Paint the inside of good to display. END

MARCH, 1949 19 You can see that there is a lot of ex­ citing railroad activity on this two· level system that belongs to Mrs. Ma· bel Smith aad hee proud family of 232 Carl Sueet in BuJTalo IS, New York.

Don Diebold, his father and mother of 310 Taunton Place, Buffalo 16, N. Y., all bad a hand in creating tbe expert realism of their fine model layout.

William Led'erle of 402 East 29th St .• Paterson. N. J., runs a small but Three trains can be operated simul· active railroad on 9' x 3%' plywood taneously on this 6' x 18' pike of B. his for interested five·year old son. Smith, 5942 Summer SI., Phila., Po. This splendid 20' x 30' pike of 14 switches, 10 transformers, 10 sets of model trains and over 500 sections of track makes for exciting railroad­ ing for Dr. D. StickeU and son, 2 East Church St.. Frederick, Maryland.

Joseph Kling of 1731 Springfield Ave., Maplewood. New Jersey, made this carefully and neatly planned miniature railroad layout thot is nine feet square.

Notice the thoughtful placement of the structures on this simple 4%' x 9' layout of William Kaiser of 2203 Richland Avenue, Wheeling, West Virginia. • II • • I • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

• II I • • I

This splendid structure will add color and

interest to your miniature railroad pike.

By Frank C. Ellison HE BAKERY business makes two kinds of dough : the Tkind you eat and the kind you spend. This bakery must have made a lot of doughnuts and do-re-mi, because it started business in the gray brick structure at the left ; expanded across the street to the mill-type building which the dough boys bought from a down-at-the-heels shoe factory ; and later, after lobbying around city hall and scattering walk-around money for a permit, built the fancy little bridge building over the street to join the two. They must use a lot of self-rising dough in the business, too, because it is still expanding and the buildings, themselves, are rising higer. Look at that new set-back top story the boys just built on the old gray building ; the wooden shed on top of the bridge building, and that tall roof sign. Yes, sir, the business is in apple pie order.

Notice tbe shipping door. bridge building over the street and bakery m3chinery through the windows. The building at left is grny. olhers nrc concrete nnd brick : shed is wenlhered planking. MODEL BUILDER 22 GROUND PLAN II This diagram which looks do\"n on the buildings shows you how the iI. lusion of four-sided, supposedly whole sll"Uclures is subtly created. II SKYLIGHT ON B.K� REINFORCING STRIPS GRAY � BUILDING

STICK PIERCES WALL. FA STEN TO CORNER STRIP INSIDE GRAY BUILDING This close,ul) shows three thicknesses of cardboard in the built.up windows. The top floor on larger building is The shed at the lOP of the buildings is built of a strip of illuslra. set back one inch to give the structure greater interest. lion board, scored at the corners and then folded to make the walls. The cornice is made with four layers of heavy cardboard.

The original building is used for offices ; for receiving and just the front wall you see in the picture. But by now, the storage of the stuff they make all the dough from; and for a track is curving away from the wall, and we have a few inches shipping department. This is no little city bakery that turns to play with so the mill-type bakery building is an honest-to­ out penny cakes for the kid trade. The boys make a lot of goodness three dimensional structure. This is lucky, too, for dough jobbing their cookies in the towns scattered along this is the last building on the rim of Fillmore, and there is no Delta Lines. more opportunity for shenanigans. You normally view the set­ The ex-shoe factory across the street is now a modern bakery, ting from the right, so you see two walls of this building and jammed full of dough-making machinery, automatic roBing lots of roof gadgets, so everything is jake. Look at the ground pins, punchers, cutters, ovens, conveyor belts and other gizmos (Continued on Following Page) bakers use to make dough with dough-like, for example, the machine that bores holes in doughnuts. Just what is done with the holes, we don't know, but we suspect that they ship them From this photograph you can see that the shipping door is to the post hole factory written up on these pages in the issue made or three Inyers of cardboard, l)ainled when assembled. of last September. The packing department is in the bridge building where a lot of girls like Fanny deB road chaperone the machines that fold boxes and stuff them with wafers and waffles, crackers and crunchies and other gimmicks, and send them skittering on the roller conveyors to the shipping department. The card­ board flats from which the boxes are made are stored in the wooden shed and dropped down chutes to the packers. Well, that's the story and we shall stick to it-for publicity purposes. But between you and me, the buildings were built to hide certain facts in the model setting which, if left exposed to view, would have destroyed a whole flock of illusions. The truth is, the tracks on the table crowd so closely to the wall of the room that there is no place for the factory district any upstanding city should have. The sky is so close, you can reach out and touch it with your finger, and that's no place fOl" a sky. Starting from the left, the gray building has just enough room for its front wall and that's all. If you were in the Delta basement, you might not notice that it is only a false front. For one thing, the top of the wall is a wee bit bigher than your eye, and the absence of the roof goes unnoticed. For another, it fits snugly against other buildings, and you don't see the absurdity of its shallow wall. The bridge building is a joker, too. It has no floors, no roof, no side or rear walls-

MARCH, 1949 23 I I I I II II II�J •• II II Illn - .. I I II II II

Cut oul double windows on the bridge build· In building the mill-type structure, wrup As you can see from this photograph, the ing and carefully mount sash frames behind 16·inch illustration board around the £Ioor gray building bas many window openings the window frames. The walls of the bridge and roof boards and reinforce the building und a number of door openings as well. Use building should be securely fastened to the with upright SLicks to prevent warping. Do a sharp pointed knife blade to cut them out, gray structure and reinforced with sLieks. this job carefully to prevent slanting, too. and work with care to obtain best results.

(Continued trom Preceding Page) something else he does not want you to dows of all but the bakery, and here, /1001' plan, A. The clutter of roof sign see. That, classmates, is really the whole frosted acetate tracing sheets are ruled and smoke stacks is decorative, but it secret in model railroad landscaping. into rectangular panes with black ink. also distracts attention from the fact At any. rate, Sunshine Bakers is a Much of the details suggest the meth­ that there isn't anything but emptiness going concern on Delta Lines. Box cars ods of construction. The set-back top between the building and the sky. There are regularly shuffled up to and away story of the gray building is fastened is no explaining it, but these doohickies from its shipping door by the yard to the back of the reinforcing wood strip seem to throw the sky way back to the switcher. And Sunshine Bakers is really at the coping line of the main building. far blue yonder. a house of a thousand windows-window The upright concrete columns in the mill­ The bridge building isn't high enough panes, anyway : 1,320 to be exact. type building are extra thicknesses of to mask the end of the gray building so All essential dimensions are shown in the illustration board, and the brick the shed was built on top to carry the the elevation sketches and the shapes of panels are bits of printed brick paper. baffle bigh enough to hide it. The little the structures are suggested in the The walls of the bridge building, suit­ pent house at the extreme left does the ground plan. Strathmore illustration ably reinforced with sticks on the back same job for the building next to it-the board ought to be used for the walls and side, are securely fastened to the gray Antsinna Pants Factory which we will substantially reinforced with wood strips building. The sticks at top and bottom visit next month. at the back. Window frames are cut from are long enough to pierce the gray wall So you see, mates, all elements in the the same board, and window sashes are where they are cemented and nailed to bakery group work for their cookies, cut from thinner Bristol board as ex­ the 1/2 /1 reinforcing stick in the corner each one doing a definite job, like a plained in the construction of the freight of the larger building. magician who diverts your attention station last month. Clear cellophane or The shed at the top is built of a strip from something to keep you from seeing acetate sheet is just right for the win- (Continued on Page 34)

�m �H�,'" "-

S .. "'- U .� � �� N s H £ , '\� 12 I 132 �� � 'r..L N I i E B A �� �� K E R �� �� Y

," IS.L2 5. 14" You don't have to be an artist to

make realistic background scenes.

•

By Edward Wranek

HE LIFE of a hobbyist is beset with scenes and the fact that the existing accident I stumbled upon a way to have Tproblems, and a train hobbyist is per­ combinations pretty well force your lay­ realistic background scenery that com­ haps worse off in this respect than most. out into certain patterns. They do not pares favorably with ready-made scen­ He not only has to scrabble for materials, allow for the individualist who wants a ery, requiring no painting or ability he is confronted with space problems, particular scene in a particular place. other than that possessed by the average electrical problems and a host of others. And if you fail to use them all around, individual. The inspiration struck me Of course, the end result is more satis­ your own work will suffer by compari­ one night while watching a cartoon com­ factory, and the model enthusiast who son with the others. edy. It dawned on me that while the foreground action was detailed, the back­ doesn't like to run into a problem now Thus, they may be satisfactory in ground effect was created by solid colors and then had better shift to a simpler many cases, but they certainly weren't hobby in the first place. with a minimum of detail. This is done right for my road and something had for two reasons.: (1) The insertion of It is characteristic of train fans to to be done. detail in cartoon comedies requires extra solve problems, and one of these prob­ There have been excellent articles on work, and (2) the spectator focllses his lems is that of background scenery. how to paint your own background, val­ attention on the foreground action and There are various dodges for eliminating uable in content, and giving rules for unconsciously supplies the missing de­ this problem. One of them is to drop into perspective, which if carried out would tails to the background. a hobby store and buy up several sheets result in works of alt, but this method I may not have these principles down of lithographed backgrounds which are of creating a background implied an ar­ exactly, but they were good enough for readily obtainable and quite satisfactory tistic ability which I did not possess, so me to follow. within their limits. Another solution is I was forced to devise a method which I There was also hrought to my mind a to paint the background scenes. could use successfully, a method which puzzle I used to work. It consisted of The problem with the purchased back­ had to be fool-proof in its simplicity. gummed pieces of -paper which if pasted grounds is in their limited number of I have found that method. Almost by according to the numbers on the back re-

MARCH, 1949 25 cut out in the silhouette of mountain peaks (Sheet 2) . Another shade of blue was cut as before, and now there were two ranges of distant mountains (Sheet 3). I then found a sheet of green paper and cut it out to form a not-too-distant mountain (Sheet 4), and with a lighter shade of green (Sheet 5). I had the hills in the foreground. Finally, I had the de­ tails of the foreground (Sheet 6), a bright green for the hills, a brighter green clump for trees and forests, a grey curved strip for the road and a yellow house with a red roof. Thinking perhaps I had evolved this scenery as a result of a fluke accident, I designed several other sets or back­ grounds, one of which had a river wind­ ing around the base of a granite cHff, while on the lower bank there was a white house. I will admit that what I had will not pass as a work of art, but it will serve the purpose for which it was intended, and if in days to come I tire of this scene, I can, without a great expenditure of time, money, and effort, change it. , (Continued h'om Preceding Page) Virginia countryside to the far distant Of course, there are some minor prob­ ranges of the Blue Ridge Mountains of lems that will come up, but these are suIted in a picture of more or less artistic Virginia, and I recalled how the faint easily disposed of without major efforts. merit. I was well on the trail of some­ blue ranges of the far away mountains The first problem that will be encoun­ thing good. were just a shade bluer than the sky, and tered is hiding the joint between the Fortunately, I had a quantity of vari­ also that the closer the mountains the pasted backgrounds and the foreground ous colored cardboard, and so I went into greener they became. train table. This can be accomplished in action. Of course, I had to do everything My first step was to paste a sheet of many ways, but basically the solution is wrong first, but the third and last clue blue over a piece of cardboard. This was to allow the land to dip immediately be­ needed solved the riddle, when I remem­ the sky, which was the background yond the foreground. bered a familiar scene of my childhood. (Sheet 1). On this background I pasted Thus, at the edge of the table, you From the porch I could gaze over the a slightly different shade of blue paper, should always have a fence, a row of trees, an embankment, a high level track, a series of flat scenes and by leaving a has been excellent. A number of them or any such thing that will indicate that few inches or at most a few feet in be­ seem simply to accept the scenery as a the ground drops off immediately behind tween he managed to fool your eye into setting for the trains, just as the back­ it. Then by allowing a two- or three-inch thinking that it goes on for some dis­ grounds for the movie cartoons were ac­ space between the table and the back­ tance. cepted. Many of the confirmed model­ ground, the eye will be deprived of any Our sense tells you that it couldn't­ lers comment on both the simplicity and line which continues directly to the back­ that there is a brick wall and a parking the effectiveness of the scenes, while a ground. lot behind the stage, but the eye and the number of beginning modellers want to This means that there is no visual mind are flexible and they will soon drop know how to do it. way of relating the foreground and back­ into the mood, especially if lulled by soft They can do it easily, and so can you, ground, and the illusion will be one of lighting and good acting. and one of the things I like best about considerable distance, a very desirable You can try, if you like the business it is that in no time at all, and with al­ illusion indeed. of setting the pieces of cardboard apart most no expense, I can scrap a given The method I used for a town is one from each other by means of heavy cor­ background and substitute an entirely that has been described in detail many rugated cardboard layers between the different one. In an evening I can change times by Frank Ellison and others. I colored pieces. It was troublesome and my road enough to change my operations, erected buildings that would stand at the not effective when I tried it, and it took and thereby justify that new cattle car or edge of the table with only the front and me away from my original idea which any of dozens of other purchased or con­ part of one side showing. These sug­ was to produce the simplest method of structed items. gested that there were many more be­ making scenery. It answers all my problems about scen- hind them and that the distance between However, there is another idea of ery-I hope it answers yours. END their tops and the landscape beyond was which the stage designers are well aware, a mile or more - just the ticket for though not always able to control. They scenery that is not too accurate. like to keep the audience low in relation Thus, with these Hflats" and one fully to the stage, and if they had their way foreground - I had a complete town for there would probably be no theatres with detailed building - the station in the balconies. my trains, and the whole works did not In putting on a model show (which is take up more than the space required essentially what you are doing even if for a spur. only for yourself) you can use the same Further checking on my part has since technique. Either your trains should be shown me that this system is not so orig­ set high so that they are viewed from inal as I once thought--..ven though it very near eye level, or the chairs occu­ was an original idea so far as I was con­ pied by the viewers should be low. You cerned. In a sense it is an adaptation of can make low benches if necessary. The the techniques sometimes used in thea­ first method is preferable since if the tres where the stage designer has to give seats are low, a great many people will an illusion of distance without penetrat­ simply stand and wander about. ing into the rear of the theatre. He uses So far, my experience with onlookers

• OW TO PA INT YOUR H ODELS

Painting models is easy and f�n if you knew how.

HE FELLER who said beauty is only Tskin deep was right with Eversharp ! No doubt he was thinking of models that walk out of beauty shops, but he could have meant engine models that roll out of roundhouses ; or the thin skin of paint on house models and all the models in a railroad landscape. Like the paint on the lassie, the job calls for the right tools and ingredients and a little know­ how. A good paint job, in either case,

Here tbe boulders are grnvel stones, the grass :J d:ll'k green sawdust, shrubs n dark olive lich· ell, water greenish·blue, strenked wilh white.

MODEL BUILDER lifts an ordinary model into something than the ten-cent store variety, but they worth looking at. will turn in' a first class job and, with Let's take a model of a concrete bridge care, will last for years. Lay in a selec­ pier, for example. Under its skin. it i& tion of four or five, ranging between a just a piece of wood sawed and tapered #1, which is about 1/16" wide, to a #12, just so. The skin of paint is supposed which is a 1/2 ". You may also need a to be "concrete color." But what is con­ #0 or #1 round brush that points up crete color? Is it the shiny blue-gray of and makes a fine hair line for shading, ready-mixed paint ? Will sand sprinkled striping and other f.ine work. You will over this goo while it is wet make it look have use for a fine-pointed pen and hold­ like a concrete bridge pier? The answer er and perhaps a draftsman's ruling pen. is no. Paint it glossy commercial gray It is no trick to flow paint evenly with and it will still look like a hunk of wood a brush. Avoid overloading the bristles and you could use it just as well as a with a paint. Dip it, half the length of shelf for the kitchen clock. the bristles, into prepared paint and wipe Many a fine model has been spoiled by off excess on the can. Load it just as house paint and cheap brushes. The thing carefully when applying the artist colors. to do is paint it so realistically that it Spread out each brush load as far as it ' could never look like anything else but a will go, stroking back and forth in one concrete bridge pier--even if you use it direction. Lay the bristles close against for a book-end. That takes a little think­ an inside corner, then pull them (and the ing but it certainly does not take a lot of excess paint with them) away. Never skill. Given the right tools and ingred­ drag a brush over an outside corner; ients and a few color hints, you can stroke toward it. Old bricks are hrowncd vermiUjon stain. with sling the colors with the best of them. (Continued on Following Page) highlights in yellow and shadows in black pen. You won't need thick, glossy prepared cil lincs. Door is grecn. plank walk is umber. paints, but you will need a can of white Brown gravel stones of brick.red gulley look like boulders_ Rear lighting reflects 011 crum· undercoatel' paint which is absolutely pled aluminum Ioil to resemble sun.Ht water. flat white and serves as a good base for graying colors or diminishing their in­ tensities. You should also have a small can ?f blackboard black, the flatest and blackest paint I know of and just the thing for giving your engine and other models around a railroad a fresh. dull black dress. Other prepared paints, chiefly stand­ ard railroad colors, such as coach or Pull­ man cal' green. Tuscan red, box cal' and caboose reds-should be on your paint shelf. Buy them at hobby stores. These paints may have to be strained through cheese cloth before using in order to re­ move specks or other solids and produce a smooth finish. They are heavier en­ ough to cover in one coat, but you will do a much better job if you thin them and apply several coats, rubbing down between each one. Coach finish. partic­ ularly. has a dull luster that comes from much wiping and cleaning in the yards. You will corne very close to achieving this same patina by applying the colors in several thin coats and, after the letter­ ing has been applied, waxing the car sides with a good paste wax. But excepting these prepared colors, you will depend on flat colors blended on your work bench to suit the specific job at hand. Some of you may prefer to work in water colors and many a fine bit of work can be done with them. But in the end, I think you may find greater satis­ faction with oil colors-colors ground in oil, which is to say. artists' tube colors. These will be the media that transmutes your strllctures of wood and cardboard into convincing right-of-way and line­ side structures, industries, and landscape objects. Some tube colors are listed in the box on Page 31. You may not need all of them in the beginning and the chances are that you will not need a greater variety at any time. Buy the best flat, red sable, artist brllshes. They cost considerably more

MARCH, 1949 other. Experiment. If your first trials HOW TO PAINT MODELS fail to look convincing, wipe off the color (Continued from P"/"eceding Page) with a clean rag and start over. You will get the hang of it quickly. Equip yourself with an artist's pal­ This serves as an underlay over which - This is the basic technique of good lette if you will, but a plain board will the bricks or stones are painted later, painting, and as you see, there is nothing do just as wen and, for painting a con­ and which, when exposed with a pointed very puzzling about it. In the process of siderable area, the lid of a coffee can is tool, shows up as mortar joints. Tint the achieving that concrete color, you will better. Mix the thick pigments as they "mortar" with a little black to gray it have begun to notice structural concrete come from the tube until you have blend­ or with raw sienna to tan it a little. with a more seeing eye as you go your ed the color you want, then add turpen­ Let's return to that .bridge pier and way along the streets or ·exploring rail­ tine to thin it. investigate that "concrete color" which road territory. You will disover that you You can produce a fine paint job with is described so often as gray. Structural are studying other wall textures, too, an air brush or paint sprayer if 1) the concrete as used in bridge piers, retain­ with more critical appraisal, analyzing spray nozzle, 2) the air pressure and ing and building walls and the like, is the pinks of new brick, the darkened ver­ 3) your technique are all equally good. rarely the blue-gray we get by mixing million of ancient bricks, the sienna and Contrary to general belief, it is not eas­ black and white. Raw cement powder umber tones of other brick walls and, ier to paint with a sprayer than with a tends to such a tone, but the sand and that mortar joints are oyster white or brush. Sprayers are good for covering gravel aggregates, which predominate in cream. broad surfaces rapidly, and smoothly but concrete, are the buffs, tans and browns You will note that most blacks are not there are few model projects where they of Mother Earth herself, and they dic­ jet black but Van Dyke brown darkened are worth the price or the incidental time tate the general color of the concrete. with a little black; that there are no pure of preparation. The thing to do is mix a light gray whites in a white wall but white tinged For small work, such as painting a on your pallette, thin it slightly with tur­ with cream or gray; that a yellow wall model car, an artist's re-touching air pentine, then apply evenly all over the is not chrome yellow out of a tube, but brush will produce a beautifully smooth surface of the model. But once this yellow that is browned or otherwise dark­ finish after you acquire the knack of foundation gray is applied, forget about ened. Wild grass or the foliage of wild using it and provided you have a con­ solid and even monotones. There is noth­ trees is not the Kelly green of a billiard stant supply of air at about 30 pounds ing in nature that presents a one-color table or the lush green of a clipped lawn. pressure. There is also a type that has surface. It is tawny, or olive, or the pale green a tube which can be inserted between the When the gray has dried, squeeze a of willows, all tinged inevitably with the lips and through which you blow. Within little raw sienna on the pallette, draw it all-pervading brownish tints. All this you / its limits, this is practicable, too. Gen­ out into a thin stain with turpentine and will pick up yourself once you acquire the erally speaking, supplying air from a apply it unevenly and in varying intensi­ knack of analyzing what you are looking pumped "p inner tube may work, tho the ties over the gray underlay. The desired at. mischief is that the pressure is always effect is one of varying tones and this Painting a brick wall is a tedious job changing and one never knows just how does it. The surface has depth and tex­ at best, because unless the wall is at some to manipulate the spray nozzle to con­ ture because gray shows through faintly distance, every brick and mortar joint form to the pressure. in some places, not at all in others, and will have to show. The project is consid­ Home work-shop sprayers require the browns, themselves, are heavy and erably shortened, however, if we etch out either a cylinder of compressed air or an light. This is concrete gray-not a gray the joints instead of painting each brick electrically operated compressor-an ex­ but a gray-brown. Decorators call it individually. This is where the tinted pensive apparatus. These large sprayers beige. It can even be pronounced reddish­ undercoater on the Strathmore card­ work best at 75 pounds, but low-priced brown, in which case omit the gray un­ board we spoke of does yoeman service. compressors rarely supply over 40 pounds derlay and substitute cream (a little The desired brick color is painted thick­ -not enough to atomize the paint and yellow added to white). The overlay, ly over the undercoater in areas of 15 or distribute it smoothly. then is burnt instead of raw sienna, ap­ 20 square inches. While the paint is On the other hand, an insect spray is plied unevenly as above. still tacky, support a straightedge over just about ideal for painting all the criss­ But this is the color of new concrete, it with blocks at each end. Use the cross members of a timber trestle or the and you will not want too much of it in straightedge as a guide and etch out the lattice girders and beams in a truss your landscape. Structures exposed to joints with the point of a finishing nail bridge. But do not use it where fine the weather take on richer and mellower or icp pick. finish is demanded. shades. Dust settles on ledges, rain con­ Build up the color of new common In any case, the model should be thor­ verts it to mud, and the muddy water bricks like this: Mix carmine and white oughly prepared for the paint. Wood spills over the edges and stains the wans to make pink, then darken the pink with structures should be sanded to a satin with a dozen shades of brown. Coal dust black and blue. Hold the color against a finish, corners smoothed and large cracks from engine tenders adds its mite to the brick of this kind. If too dark, lighten filled in with some kind of wood putty mud. Iron rust and dissolving black and it with white. The thing, however, is to such as Savogran. Wipe off all dust par­ red-oxide paints run down the pier in capture the color of a whole wall rather ticles with a moistened cloth. Then apply brownish-black streaks. Passing engines than an individual brick. Paint a bit of white undercoater to fill in and hide the leave their signature of smoke over the color on a scrap of cardboard and hold it grain. When this is dry, smooth the arches of tunnel portals and viaducts. where you can see the wall back of it, undercoater with fine, soft steel wool, Retaining walls, bridges and buildings then alter the toning colors until you brushing lightly over the surface, clean­ near railroad tracks often become so have a satisfactory blend. Make a note ing out corners and restoring edges to smoke and dust smudged that the pris­ of the proportions for future use. their original sharpness. Then wipe the tine freshness of new concrete is alto­ Smoke blackened bricks are generally surface again with the moistened cloth. gether buried. dark brown-burnt sienna or burnt um­ Models built of Strathmore or other All these weathering stains are vary­ ber with a little black added. The rich illustration board require no prepara­ ing shades of brown-of sienna, umbel' red bricks of an ancient wall are the most tion, except to clean away any burrs and Van Duke brown-the earth colors. picturesque of all brick walls. Their along the edges. The paint.can be applied Begin with raw sienna and feather it foundation color is deep orange: not the directly to it without priming. The only out at the edges with your finger or a raw color, but blended with umber or time it needs priming before the finish small cloth swab. Fill in the centers with black, and perhaps a little white added to coat is when preparing to paint a brick deepening shades of brown, burnt sienna, hold it light. Mix red with yellow to or stone wall on it. In this case apply burnt umber, and finally, Van Dyke make orange, then add orange to brown white undercoater to the cardboard first. brown-blending the tones one into the to make terra cotta.

30 MODEL BUILDER If you are painting a white clapboard color to soak in unevenly as the plaster green stain over it. The stain will spread wall on a model, gray the white with a will take it. This combination of raw out and dry as a thin translucent film. little black if closeup and near the tracks. texture paint and brown stains will pro­ Now apply a little burn sienna or umber If at some distance, add a thin wash of duce the most natural earth you ever stain. It too, will flow this way and that, natural sienna after the first coat has saw-dull, textured, with a feeling of crowding into the green here and there. dried-not much ; just a faint tinge. To some depth. Cover all surfaces where Turn the sheet over shiny side up, and paint old, weathered white clapboards on earth is to be expected, whether or not fasten to the plank along the edges with white cardboard, brush a very thin stain you cover it later with grass and shrubs. Duco cement j or thumb-tack it, hiding of black over it. Dyed sawdust in various degrees of the tacks with bits of lichen shrubs. The Unpainted, weathered planking on tem­ coarsness makes the best wild grasses. film of color will look surprisingly like porary buildings, sheds, fences, duck currents and eddies in the water and the Use Casco 01' Cascamite cold water' glue walks and platforms will look convincing as an adhesive to hold it down. This illusion of depth quite real. You may if you color the cardboard with either hardens without shine. Paint the ad­ improve on this somewhat by spreading pearl gray Or dark brown stain. Pearl hesive over the browned surfaces where­ a few shreds of cellophane (used to dec­ gray on unprimed illustration board is ever you want the grass to grow. Re­ orate Christmas trees) under the acetate simply a thin black stain: the brown is frain from covering all the surface. Per­ sheet. If possible, hang up a concealed the brown of umber or sienna and boards mit bare earth to show, as on the steepest ceiling light back of the water so that of either color can be mixed in the same slopes, the tops of 1: nolls, paths and the nearby objects are reflected. END wall. Inferior and pulpy cardboa1'd like. Then sprinkle the sawdust heavily would require priming and a more tech­ over all surfaces, pressing it down with A LIST OF USEFUL ARTIST TUBE nical ability which does not come within the palms of your hands. Next day, COLORS FOR PAINTING MODEL the scope of this article. Alumin urn gently blow the free grains away. paint, thinned out and darkened with BUILDINGS AND SCENERY black or dark brown, makes a pretty Dying the sawdust is a little messy. good imitation of galvanized sheeting. Mix the pigments of chrome green, yel­ CARMINE All these walls are identified by the low, white and black into the lid of a Red inclined towards purple. A base shadows they cast. Rule the shadows in coffee can. The color you want is a pale for box-car, barn and brick reds, red with lead pencil or ink. The soft gray of green ; dull, not bright. Thin it plenti­ clays, etc. fully to make a stain. Dump a quantity a lead pencil is just the ticket for shad­ VERMILLION ows cast by clapboard of corrugated sheet of sawdust into the can, pack it down so that it will soak up all the stain in Brighter red inclined towards or­ iron walls. Black or dark brown ink will ange. A base for old brick, sandstone. make better cracks and joints in the the can. Empty it out in a sheet of news­ darker colors of old planking. The hori­ paper. Mix and knead in more sawdust CHROME YELLOW zontal clapboard shadows should be some­ until it will take up no more stain, then Pure yellow. Principally a modifier thing less than Vs " apart, the vertical spread it out to dry. Do not be content for othel' colors. Combine with green shadows cast by the corrugations 1/16th with one color. Gre�n, white and red will to make various Jeafy colors ; with red inch, and rough planking 3/16" to �". produce a light olive ; add blue to it to to produce orange ; with blue to make Show door and window frames by im­ make a darker olive. Green, white and green ; with white to make cream, etc. plication. This is to say, by the high­ blue, or just green and blue, will produce the dark rich grasses along the banks of ORANGE lights and shadows they cast-white 01' Never used as raw color, but com­ light colored pencil lines over the top and streams and ponds and other low places. Do not mix these shades of grass, but bined with other colors. Example : down one side ; lead pencil lines under mixed with black and white will pro­ the sills and down the other side. distribute them in splotches over the surfaces as if one kind dominated here, duce tans, buffs, terra cotta, etc. A steel pen point or a ruling pen can another there. CHROME GREEN be dipped in either colored inks or thinned J oil colors and ruled in rectangular pat­ Norwegian lichel\ (you should find it Rarely used pure. Basis for leafy tern over acetate sheets to imitate win­ at florist supply houses and hobby stores colors. as Liken) makes the most realistic shrubs dow sash. Also delicate black ink lines ULTRA MARINE drawn on transparent strips of acetate, and trees you ever saw. The New York Blue. The color of reflected water. World's Fair used two carloads of it in lucite or some of the new clear plastics Used in combinations with many other its professional model landscapes. Soak look like i ron fences, grills and fretwork colors. the dried lichen in water to fluff it out. • if some distance from the eye. Designs ' in black ink on frosted acetate will imi­ Squeeze all excess water out, then dip CERULEAN BLUE tate iron and glass ornamentation on a it into a solution of equal parts of glyc­ When thinned with white, the color hotel, theatre, station or store canopy. erine and water to preserve its softness, of sky. Has some green in it. The technique of coloring a landscape and squeeze this out. Prepare an olive ta look real is not generally understood, green stain in a deep pan or open jar THE EARTH COLORS : but it isn't difficult. It begins with the and fill it with lichen tips. Press them raw plaster itself and the Texture Paint down, then remove and squeeze slowly RAW SIENNA before mentioned has been very satisfac­ but firmly until all the free stain drips Predominately tan. back into the jar. Repeat the process tory to the writer. As we said, it should · BURNT SIENNA with another batch of lichen until you be applied smoothly, leaving no tool or Deeper and richer, inclined to red­ have dyed enough for your tree skeletons finger marks. The greatest mistake is dish brown. to prime the plaster and cover it with and ground shrubs. Set aside to dry for heavy green paint to which raw sawdust a day, then distribute the clumps over RAW UMBER is applied before it has dried. Do not the tree branches and on the ground as Chestnut or liver brown. An in­ prime the plaster. Do not paint it green. described in the accompanying article on definite dark earthy color. Good for Avoid any shiny adhesive to hold the landscape constrllct�on. shade and shado\v. grass. Earth is brown ; not green. It Water surfaces can be imitated in sev­ BURNT UMBER shows or should show through grass. eral ways. One good way is to cover a Of same general tone as natural Apply the earth colors - the siennas, painted piece of plywood with thick ace­ umber but darker and leaning towards umbers and Van Dyke brown-directly tate sheets. Paint the board blue-green reddish brown. to the raw plaster. Thin the colors to a (chrome green and ultra-marine). Shape heavy stain ; not opaque paint. Apply the acetate sheets to fit between the V AN DYKE BROWN them in heavily loaded brushfuls in swift plaster banks, then turn them bottom Very dark; 96ro black. A mud color. strokes over the surface and allow the sides up and flow a vinegar-thin, blue-

MARCH, 1949 31 .MODEL BUILDER'S DEALER'S DIRECTORY LISTING LOCAL HEADQUARTERS FOR YOUR MODEL BUYING

ARKANSAS ILLINOIS KENTUCKY MICHIGAN

LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR mTiON LIONEL APPROVED REPAIR STATION LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION ALL-NATION HOBBY SHOP BAKER & BAKER 555 TIRE & SERVICE CO. 157 W. Lake 51., Chi<:aqo FISCHER'S HOBBY SERVICE 3rd & Broadway tittle Rock Dea. 0850 618 S. Fourtb 51. Louisville 2 11110·12 Chalmers at Houston The Most Complete. Stock in the Mid- CLay 3213 Detroit 5 Model Railroad Headquarters fo, die West. Model Railroads - Ships LAkeview 6·3800·01 Repair Service on All Train Equip- Arkansas. and Planes. ment. A South Bend Lathe is in Our Complete Model Railroad Shop, Shop to Do Any Special Jobs. GarGraves Track. Good Work - Reasonably Priced. CALlFOR N I A LIONEL APPROVED REPAIR STATION LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION LIONEL APPROVED REPAIR STATION KENTUCKY MODEL SHOP JACK COLLIERS BEN'S HOBBY SHOP MODEL RAILROAD SPECIALTY CO. "TOYS FOR MEN!" 12 West Wallhinqton Chieaqo 381� Frankfort St. Matthews (Near Clark) 1915 E. Michigan Ave. Jackson 3669 Grcrnd Avonue Oakland 10 "In tile IIcort o thc loop" PH 4·2152 TE 2-5936 f "Everything in the Lionel Catalog" In Chicago, Model Railroader's Are Complete line of Lionel "HO" d Model railroad equipment, a specialty "BEN'S" an Switching To For Friendly Scale Model Railroad. Equip. the year round. "0" And Pleasant Transactions. ment available throughout the year. "Model Railroads Exclusively." MARYLAND LIONEL APPROVED REPAIR STATION JACK COLLIERS "TOYS FOR MEN!" IIltm�.,.uu;u"dIIQIW"':li,,'IUJn NEW JERSEY 693 14th Sueet San FraDeiaeo 5 GOLDECK MODEL AIRPLANES W. S. LLOYD & SON UN 1-4900 & HOBBY SHOP 2111 N. Charles St. Baltimore 18 2615 S. Ridgeland Ave. Berwyn Model railroad equipment, a !pecialty Opcn EVCflitigs Stanley 6615 LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION the year round. . Railroading Repairs are Our MODEL RAILROAD Model & FEDERAL HOBBY SHOP Hobby. Try Us. HEADQUARTERS 28th & Federal St, Camden We Also Buy-Sell-Trade, Scale & Emerson 5·3208 Tinplate. LIONEL APPROVED REPAIR STATION Wc speciali.!:e in trains and repairs. GARSTANG'S TRAINS AND TOYS MASSACHUSETTS Largest Stock in South Jersey of 81 E. Colorado St, Pasadena 1 Lionel - Am. Flyer - HO Sycamore 3·1016 We Trade Trains Trai." Headquarters All Year 'Row."d. CROSBY'S HOBBY CENTRE LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION 1104A Massachusetts Avenue Scale - Lionel - American Flyer. Cambridge 38 Factory Approved Service. Xi SUpplies and Accessories. WEST TOWNS HOBBY SHOP 1-4389 LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION Scenic Operating Layout. Model Railroad Supplies in all Gauges W. Chicaqo Ave. Chicago 5808 -Scale and Tinplate. MADISON CYCLE CO. Springfield Ave. IninqtOD Expert Repair Service. 1288 CHICAGO'S FINEST. (Near Av Open daily, and Thurs. and Sat. Evu. Sanford e.) LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION Complete line of Lionel Equipment in Stock. All Gaugu Train Part. HOLLYWOOD HOBBY & Stocked. ELECTRIC SHOP Prompt Strvice ! 1522 N. Cahuenqa Hollywood 28 Hillside 5010 Repairs while you wait Hours: 9:00 AM to 8:00 PM "Buy - Sell - Trade - Repair"

THE MODEL RAILROAD SHOP LIONEL APPROVED REPAIR STATION 292 Vail Ave. (W. 1th St.) DuneUen DU. 2-5696 LEE'S TRAIN SERVICE Model Railroad Headquarters for Paat 3980 Piedmont Ave. Oakland. 11 Fifteen Years. All Makes : HO - S - Piedmont 5·1811 027 - 0 Kits, Supplies, Parts. Optn Every B'I.ntltsS Day. LIONEL EXCLUSIVE SALES and REPAIR SHOP - Since 1933 . Com· plete line of Lionel Trains, Accessories and Repair Parts - Hobby Supplies. LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION LIONEL APPROVED REPAIR STATION UNEEDA APPLIANCE CO. 1913 Boulevcttd leney City • JOurnal Sq. OLSON BROS. 5-1660 Conveniently located on Journal 1::i30 Marion St. Square between Stanley Theater and Newark Complete Line of Lionel Repair Parts. Avenue. Hudson County's largest train dealer. Lionel Trains and Accessories. "All Lionel Year Round"

COLORADO NEW YORK LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION EARL UDICH: SERVICE LIONEL APPROVED REPAIR STATION lU N. Nevada Ave., Colo, Sprinql M·201 CHESTER SPOONLEY Lionel Train Sale. and Repairs since "THE TRAIN MAN" 1936. Complete line of Trains and 31 Choat. An. Buffalo Accessories in stock all y�r around. 20 TRiaDqle 3908 Gargrave Track Everything for the Railroader. Com· plete Stock of Trains and Accessories. Largest Exclusive Train Shop in CONNECTICUT America.

LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION LIONEL APPROVED REPAIR STATION AMATO'S HOBBY CENTER FRENCH'S 600 Main Street Middletown 20 Slale St. Troy Middletown 104·W Troy 2021 Always a Complcte Selection of Model Railroad Equipment. All Types Trains Expertly Repaired. "Tile Complete Hobby Store." Promp! Service.

32 MODEL BUILDER NEW YORK PENNSYLV ANlA

LIONEL APPROVED REPAIR STATION LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION WM. H. BECKER 46 N_ 11th St. Philadelphia FRED J. FRERICHS ELEC. CO., INC. WA 2·3051 6316 Filth Ave. Brooklyn 20 Lionel Headquarters. 40 Years. Train GEdney 9·8390 Accessories. Parts. Quick Repair Serv­ "IF IT'S LIONEL" ice. We Trade rains. Standard Sell - t. T We Service and Repair I Gauge Trains in Stock. Old C... talogues. 31 Years of Honest Train Service By Licensed Master Electricians. "A Friendly Store."

LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION

LIONEl APP'!!OVED REPAIR STATION FELSmGER'S HOBBY SHOP R. D. 2 Lancalter GARDNER-"THE TRAIN DOCTOR" Phone 2-1643 2261 Dewey Avenue Roch•• ter 13 Glenwood 2847 A Complete Line of LIONEL and HO, 00, S, and Gauge. Rochester's ONLY EXCLUSIVELY 0 Open Seven Days Until Midnight. RAILROADING Shop. Railroad cl l G. M. C. DIESEL SWITCHER "Years 0/ knowing how." Merchandise Ex usive y. Manufacturers of GarGraves Trackage Scale Model 01 1000 HP EMC Diesel Switcher­ Couplel with Lionel Knuckle-type automatic coup­ lell-Automo:tic Revorle-Will operate on any LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION 3-raiI track. Built-up, Ready·to-run. $24.95 G M C MODEL SUPPLY, INC. The Electronic & Hobbycraft Storel 0 Authorbed Lionel Service Station-Lionel Twin 166-21 Jamaica A... Jamaica 3 324 W. CheIten Ave.. Phila., GE B·1213 Dielel expected by the time this ad oppearl. (2nd Ooor) 5101 N. Broad St., Phila., Ml 4·2191 We have Lionel ond O·HO-TT Scale Modell JAmaica 3-1140 Finest Selection of Model R... ilroad throughout the year and ship anywhere POST­ Greater New York Headqunrters for Kits, Accessories, Tools in the U.S.A. PAID. Scale. Lionel and American Flyer TT - HO - 00 - 5 - 0 Trains. Service & Repair Dept. at Your Disposal. Hours: 9-7 P.M. MODEL RAILROAD SPECIALTY CO. 1915 E. Michiqan Ave. Jacklon, Michiqan

RHODE ISLAND LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION Year Around MADISON HARDWARE COMPANY lO:i E. 23rd Sneet New York 10 GRamerey 5-6482 IIUm�!�WJ;�j�lj��!i"'illlll HEADQUARTERS "World Headquarters" for Lionel all 166A Pawtuckel Ave. Pawtucket Cars, Sets, Accessories. . . . Oldest for Lionel Visit Authorized Dealer, Lar$est Most Com­ Our Operating Model Railroad and Completely Equipped plete Lionel Stocks-Since 1909. System Locomotives ... Repair Dcpartment. Open Evenings 7-9 P.M. "0" Gauge: Monday thru Friday. 2333 Santo: Fe or Now York Central 2-unit All Day Saturday. j Diosel ...._ ...... _ ...... _._ . ..___ ...... _ ....•S42.50 LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION 671LTS Locomotive and tender .•._ . ..."- ...._._._. 37.50 VAN COURTLANDT HOBBY SHOP 615LTS Locomotive and tender .._ . .... _...•. _.__ .. 28.00 5973 Broo:dway (242nd St.) Bronx 2332 GG·l Ele.ctric type engine ...... _ 37.50 KInglbridge 3-1917 . .. .. Full line of Lionel "HO" and "0" S e u Locos and Tenders cal Model Railroading Eq ipment. "027" 10-8 Open Daily Sundays 10'S I12 Broad Street Providence 2026LTS Locomotive ... 23.50 Moil Order Service Publisher of Model Rail News, ilIus­ 6025LT5 Locomotive 27.50 tratcd monthly; sample op y c sc. 6020LTS Locomotive 35.00 Trains - Planes - Ships 1656LT 0-4·0 Switcher with bell 25.00 GarGraves Track - Fridays to II p.m. Scout Loco and tender ...... _ ...... _.. 10.95 OHIO Transformers .. . LIONEL APPROVED REPAIR STATION 1033 Tro:nsformer ...... _ ...... _. ... _•.... ___ 10.95 WASHINGTON Type VW 150 Walt Transformer with buill-in CLEVELAND'S HOBBY SHOP whistle control ....._ . . _._ ...... _...... __ ._...... _ ...... 22.95 Lorain 0:1 W_ 4.5 Clu·eJa.nd 2 Type ZW 250 Watt Tranlformer with built·in WOo 3600 MODEL ENGINEERING whistle control ...... � ...... _ ...... 25.00 Visit America's original complete hob­ 12240 Linden Ave. Seattle 33 by shop for toy and scale Trains, Grant 0782 Accessories •.. Planes, Boats, Cars, Accessories, Tools. Modelcrs Machine Shop Service ...... _.. 16:50 All train repairs . Finishcd Models-Repairing­ 115 Passenger Station ...... Conversions 150 Teleqraph Polu, set 01 6 ...... _.. .. _ ....._. 3.00 American Flyer-Li onel Service 364 Conveyor Lumber Loader ...... __ 12.50 Gears-Transmissions 022 Remote Control Iwitches, pro ...... _ . .... IB.15 313 Bascule Bridqe ... .. _._._.•. _...... _ .._ ... 24.95 MIHLBAUGH'S HOBBY HOUSE ...... Sharon-Wo:nen Road Brookfield Sho:ron 88021 Lionel - American Flyer - Scale WASHINGTON. D.C. Supplies and Accessories Repair Service Liolle/ All Year ROltnd

lIilUlil,1QQjUfJj·l:liil!1i:iit!ulilllTHE LIONEL EDUCATIONAL CENTER 01 the Nation'l Capitol LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION Owned Mid Operatcd b.l' SUPERIOR LOCK & ELECTRIC CO. LESTER M. RIEDEL 1410 L St., N.W. Walhinqton 350 E. 248th St. Euclid 23 Est. 1910 REdwood 0240 RE-I021 ME·9439 Model Rai/r(}(ld Sllpplies in Sales - Service - Parts All Gallges 0:17 - 0 - 072 Lionel Dought - Sold -Exchanged, Gargraves Track, Champ Decnls, Replacement Lamps. 397 Diesel-type operatinq Coal Loader. .... SlO.9S Send for our FREE lists of Lionol, American Flyer, o Gauqe, and HO Go:uqe. Please 5pecify qauge. WEST VIRGINIA PENNSYLVANIA

LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION LIONEl APPROVED REPAIR STATION PHnLlPS MODEL RAILROADS AUSTIN ELECTRIC SUPPLY CO. 1311 Cbo:rleston Ave. HUntinqton 216 Welt Third St. Bethlehem Phone 25173 Phone 1-2551 We Specialize in Trains Exclusively. Largest Selec ion in TRI·state Are.... Largest Lionel Dealer n t LIONEL - AM.t FLYER - SCALE Huron Road. Cleveland Ohio i he Operati'lg Display--Ope» Eveniugs 610 15.

MARCH, 1949 33 SUNSHINE BAKERY GARGRAVES' UNIVERSAL TRACKAGE (Continued from, Page 24) For Scale or Tinplate (the PERFECT Hi-Rail or Hi-Iron) of illustration board, scored at the cor­ Thl.s is GarGraTee' patented. nexibl., Unh'enal track. � the illustration sbowi. the 11•• 1 raila 13/16" hlQ'bl and wooden ti•• are built to the exactly correct .ize and ners and folded to make the walls. This. shape for 0 gauge leal.. The patented feature of conltruction, which eliminate. spike head. (thereby permitting tinplate Dang .. to ma per­ too, is reinforced with sticks inside the fecUy OD leale rail). and which permits CUrT•• of emy radius walls, and the gimmick is cemented and to be ea.Uy bent. q bullt into the rail and U .. below the web of the rail, cmd do.. Dot in the nailed to the back of the top stick on the lealt detract from the periect appear­ bridge wall and also cemented to the ance of the track. gray building. The walls of the bakery building are wrapped around floor and roof boards GarGlev.. Uni.... rlal track. and reinforced inside. The skylights and aqe is Plad. in thr•• type •• That shown in the cut is the ventilators on the roof have A-shaped INSIDE THIRD RAlL TYPE. roofs and are made in the usual manner. It mat•• perfecUy with any Liol1el trackage except DO, American Flyer trackage except HO and "s"

34 MODEL BUILDER cardboard until the shape is satisfactory. Paint the whole model a number gray MODEL HOUSES and run a few rust streaks down the4 side (Continued "'om Page 11) the Fieldstone or stone facing, which J 0 I N IT'S FUN with burnt sienna. � The refrigerator shown on the right adorns many buildings, can be made by "RAIL CHIEFS" IT'S EASY CLUB of Page 12 is a single block of clear pine drawing the individually shaped stones on NO FEES the sides, and then painting them differ­ OF CARMEN WEBSTER'S which is given two or three coats of DUES white enamel. Use a nail in the bottom ent tones of gray and brown. Very few LIONEL-LAND NO to hold it while painting, and then draw buildings are completely covered with IT'S FREE on the detail with India Ink and a fine fieldstone. Homes of English style usual­ I pen or brush. Make the box as shown ly have it around the main entrance. Get A Free Birthday Gift Some buildings of Spanish and ranch PLUS ALL THE ADVANTAGES THAT out of the balsa wood, and leave the balsa GO WITH BEING A "RAIL CHIEF" unfinished for new wood. If the India style have stucco exteriors. This finish - can be made by either' sanding the sides AGE LIMIT 4 10 16 Ink won't hold, rub the block off with - COUPON RIGHT NOW! - -- so that the surface of the cardboard is -- SEND pumice stone 01' crocus cloth before ap­ CARMEN WEBSTER'S LIONEL·LAND plying the ink. raised, or by using a pebbly-surfaced 23 W. 45th St .. N. Y. 19, N. Y. cardboard that can be purchased at most Please enroll m. into Ih. "RAIL CHIEFS" Club. The relay house on the top of Page 13 "AM>: ...... _...... _ ...__ ...... _. .._._ ...... _.-.._ ...... _ ... -- is much simpler than it would appear at photography stores. ADDRESS -..- ...... _ ... _.. - ...... _ . ._ . ..._---_._._---- . . _-_.---_ ...__ .. .._--- ..... _._. . . _. ...._ ... _ . _ ...... first . Make the house from a solid block, Glass bricks can be made by scribing ...... BIRTH DATE ..... _...... MONTH . .._ . .. _.. ._ YEAR..__ well sanded and with the roof peak cut. translucent cellulose acetate or wax . Mark the door with heavy pencil or ink paper, or by drawing pencil lines on the -···-·--·-··{·;�;;�t·;;;-g��di"��;;···;ig�t�;;)··-·- on top of the paint which should match dull side of the acetate. Fill·ln. Paste on Ic Postcard and Mail to: your color scheme. Most wooden houses are painted white CARMEN WEBSTER'S with trim of any color you want. White - Put a roof of illustration board on it, coloring material will cover the card­ L I 0 N E L L A N D and this will be colored a flat black. A 45th STREET, NEW YORK 19, N. Y. step and the stack can be made from bits board adequately. Ingeniolls model mak­ 2' WEST of wood. ers have been using white shoe polish, The posts are attached with cement white ink, water colors) show card colors, and tiny brads, but the wire assembly dull oils, white dye; in fact, almost any should be made first. The posts and wire paint that is white and makes a dull should run to a signal of some sort, and finish. Avoid enamels or other sub­ TINPLATERS . the whole arrangement can be based on stances that produce a shiny surface. ..Short Passenqer cars with 7'1:t" truck cen- tera Hiqh-f1anqe wheel trucks, and Adap­ Brick buildings range in color from 1 , a thin wood slat of some sort which will • . ter Plates are a few of the special tinplate I�� be textured after it is put in position. red to tones of brown and yellow, and ... items we have. Send SOc for your copy of our Sixteenth Annual Catalog and Reference A thin wire holds the heavy cable in stucco structures can be in almost any Manual. Has special section on Convertinq Tin­ place, and it in turn is fastened to the light or pastel color. plate. Ask Jor 0 gauge. post by pushing a small nail through. WM, K, WALTHERS, INC, The head of the nail holds the wire, and Windows and Doors 245 East Erie Street Milwaukee 2, Wisconsin the sharp end is cut off if it protrudes. After you have completed the exterior From the light wire, the single strand finish of the building, begin to work on wire is suspended by tiny wi re loops. the windows and doors. These can be gotten by taking the sec­ Around each window and door is a tions of a lamp cord wire and using the frame that is part of the trim of the individual strands. house. (See Illustration 3). ILLUSTRATED 1949 CATALOG-HAHDBOOIt 2Sc Strips of 1/16" square balsa wood Refunded Firllt Order - Print Name! Mount the whole thing on, and paint TT - HO - 00 - S - 0 - LIONEL the posts a natural stained color. make good frames for the top and sides AMERICAN FLYER-TOOLS-ACCESSORIES The boxes and crates in the center of of the window, while strips of 1/16" x APPROVED LIONEL SERVICE STATION l/S " wood make satisfactory window sills. Electronic & Hobbycraft Siores, Inc. Page 13 are made of solid blocks of pine Paint the strips before cementing them Main Store and Executive Ollices with unfinished balsa wood strips to around the window space) and square Dept. 3D, 324 W. Chelten Ave .. Philadelphia 44 form the crates, and these can be made off each piece so they join accurately. in any shape that suits your fancy. The Some windows in the more modern homes skids in the right hand picture are also do not have any sills or frames protrud­ made of balsa, while the lift truck is ing from the sides of the building. In made of balsa and pine, with a wire that case, be certain that the window handle and pins for axles. The wheels spaces are smoothed to a clean straight of the truck are red, while the frame is surface. The frames around doors are painted aluminum color. basically the same. The baggage wagon on the bottom of The type of windows your structure the page uses l/S " square wood for axles will have depends on your own likes and and frame and has a handle on each end. dislikes. Windows range from two-light It is a natural wood finish with red and double hung stock windows to twelve­ yellow wheels and black tires. light. This simply means the number of The bottled gas rack is made from the panels in each window. The composite Allld m.... It" t. ,.... r plltll Nlunll erowlh tron. thin wood section with 7's " square sup­ c.1ttorntat mountain'. tlferll1l1 proceued. d.1ed illustration shows some of the different Ind eoa ed to ell'l natural appearanCI. InuptD' ports and frame. The bottles are dowels ,h,. lone-I"UDe. ".. habl •. In RO. O .•nd en.. rounded at the top. The wood is stained types from which you can choose. These llr •• ItMI. windows slide up and down. Then there &'mpll Kit HI. S2'O (BO ,Izel. 42 pi_I . tntlud· and may be given a gray tint, while the tnr Ofanu, apple. Ihlde. t.ll. and ptnl Ireel . are casement windows which open out. Imttation hedl", bUlb... .brubl; Ifill: U. S t e . YltUI. ODtJ bottles are aluminum in color with a Picture windows are ,invogue at present) II�:�:�.t: lut.r S8 08 black top. A wire leads from each bottle and many home owners are breaking "� ��ri�1"��::: �� (0 etze). 31i pll�eI. lUeul.r S.� .lIt to the center pole, and a pipe may be down walls to put in these large single !��IHr!r made to lead off from the whole assem­ pane windows. A well-placed picture Your dlll'f tiD ,uPP11 10u. Of ". ,,111 ,htp dtrect bly. The gas is used for heating or window often adds spaciousness and at­ POItPaid. Send L.l1eek or mone)' order. Dep\. 1111l: burning, but not for acetylene welding mosphere to a house. Send JOC for illustroted folder. MOrley n· or cutting. Whatever style window you decide to funded wJth initial order. These can all be made in the times use, be consistent in your choice. If you BERT WELCH CO. between your big projects. END 36) (Continued on Page U8 S. Boo.... r St. Lo. A.ncel•• '. Cam.

MARCH, 1949 85 SUNSHINE BAKERY MODEL HOUSES purpose when closing up the house dur­ (C07i.tinued h'om, Page 35) ing an' extended absence or during a (Continued b'om Page 34) storm, and they are very decorative and The dough mixers and other machinery use more than one type, and it is very enhance the bea'lty of many homes. Some dimly seen through the panes of the rarely done, place the different style shutters are slatted, others are solid. bakery windows is a painting. The ma­ windows in posi tions that · seem proper Some of them contain decorative im­ chines were illustrated in an old maga­ for them. For example, do not alternate prints, while others are latticed. In the zine we were leafing through. They were two styles of a window. You might put composite illustration, a few different traced on a piece of tracing sheet and ceiling to floor casement windows where types of shutters are suggested. These duplicated in repetitious rows with car­ the living room is, and keep the remain­ will give you a working idea to begin bon tracings, colored white, shaded with der of the windows standard. with. Shutters are painted the same color blue, brown and black, and mounted A few suggestions for various types as the trim of the house, which may be about an inch back of the windows. of doors are shown in the illustration, blue, red, green, or almost any other The gray building, including window but if you glance in a magazine devoted color that suits your taste, and they frames, is painted with a thin wash of to homes, you will find many more types. should be constructed after you've de­ warm gray, which is made with VanDyke Doors should fit in with the general cided on the window style. Certain win­ brown - not black - mixed with flat architecture of the house. For example, dows, like casement or picture type win­ white undercoater. The color is applied you wouldn't have a rough dark wood dows, do not have shutters. unevenly and produces a very satisfac­ door in a delicate Southern Colonial house that you're building. Each shutter is half the width and as tory weathered appearance. The cornice high as the window. Those used on the is left its natural white. The shipping The Roof model in the illustration are constructed door panels are painted tan (raw sienna) , The type of roof you choose deter­ from balsa wood 1/16/1 thick x %" wide and the frames and diagonals dark brown mines to a certain extent the architec­ x 1'18" high. (burnt sienna). The high lights on the tural style of your house. A gambrel upper edges of the framing timbers are roof suggests old Dutch Colonial. The Assembling the Basic House accented with a yellow pencil. flat roof is typical of the Spanish and After all the parts are cut out, scribed All roof details are painted dark brown Italian type houses, and the long sloping and painted, most of the tedious work is (burnt umber with a little flat black gable roof is a mark of the English and done. From this point on, the basic house mixed in) . The sides of the wooden shed early American style homes. begins to take shape, and your paper are stroked vertically with a stain of The roof is usually cut in one piece, plans become a three-dimensional reality. burnt umber and then ruled. in the case of the gable roof, and then it Cement a supporting frame of 1, 4/1 The vertical sign is hand lettered. We is scored in the middle. The pitch or square balsa wood along the edges of a experimented on tracing paper until we slant of the gable roof should be deter­ base board or floor of the house. Then achieved the effect we wanted, then mined in advance, for it also decides the using model pins as reinforcement, ce­ traced a carbon copy on the corner of style of the structure. The pitch of the ment the sides of the building to this the building, filling in the outlined let­ Cape Cod home isn't as great as that of base. Add a skeleton frame of the 1,4 /1 ters with dark blue. END an Old English house. Allow an over­ square balsa to all the corners to prevent hang of 'Is" to %" in order to shed the the building from warping, and brace sides, to a minor degree, from extremes the structure with cross beams. (See in the weather. Illustration 4) . The gambrel roof is also cut from a Allow the structure to dry thoroughly. single piece of illustrated board, but it If your cement is not of the rapid drying is scored and folded in three places to kind, try putting a rubber band around make the gambrel effect. The hip and the building to keep the sides in place mansard roofs are more difficult to con­ while you go on with another part of the struct and require careful measuring of construction. Attach the roof to the each piece so that they fit accurately. To building, and the basic shell is completed. join the different parts, use adhesive In the next article, we'll explain the tape on both the inside and outside of the methods of building all the beautifying roof. Then cover it with shingles. Al­ attachments that makes the basic build­ most aU sloping roofs are covered with ing into an individual home. some type of shingles. They may be slate, or a composition material, ceramic tiles, Some of the items that will be treated or even cement or metal. But whatever are porches, garages, dormer and bay material is used in reality, the simulated windows, wings and extensions, trellaces, shingles for a model are best made from breezeways, chimneys and landscaping. paper or thin cardboard in the manner All of the attachments can he made in­ described earlier in the article. terchangeable, and, thus, an endless va­ The flat roof is the simplest type to riety of structures can be built. END make, since it is merely a rectangular E. R. JOHNSTON piece of illustration board. It is usually ELECTRIC TRAIN SHOP COMMENTS found on homes situated in warm clim­ (Continuell i'torn Page 3) 3118 Chippewa - La 8636 ates, and, therefore, tar paper affords dramatic-in fact it's often as not rather Tbe only Exclusiye Train Shop in SI. Louis. good protection for the roof. The tar Expert repairinq. Model railroad supplies in paper effect is produced by painting the dull. "HO". "00". and "0" qClUqe. The solution seemed to be to present aU Approved Lionel Se"ice Slation illustration board a dull black, and then houses at once. Give an article that would SI. Louis. Mo. emphasizing the seams of the tar paper senle the housing question on model rail· with lines of glossy black paint. roads for once and for all. The start is in Generally, there are more homes of the this issue on Page 8. Here we are trying to show in one article gable type than any other, and, th�re­ all of the trim tlmt goes onto a house and BUILD REAL SCALE MODEL CAllS for YOUI' Railroad fore, your layout should have more hous­ which if it is prOl}erty varied, Clln make :t WESTBROOK es with this type roof. boxlike house into almost any sort of dwell­ "0" GClUqe Car Bodr Kits. 11.50 ing. In a second article we will attack the Ev8l'Y JCiI eontai.n.a aide and end panels Pa1nI.ci Shutters problem of things like wings, garages, porch· and Lettered for you. Wood parta cut to tit. es, breezeways llud so on. 75 diU.rent cars to choo•• trom. Shutters are optional in most houses. Dluatrated Calaloq Ilk And we hope that that wilt solve the Farm houses or small country homes . n. WESTBROOK CO. Hasbrouck Bta. . If. J. · housing probJem henceforlh nnd forever have them, because t.hey serve a useful more, we hope,

36 MODEL BUILDER j HAVE : Lionel 1040 transformer, 45 gate­ man, 1 pair of illuminated hand switches, Erector motor, X-acto knives, Marx 45 watt tI·ansformer. WANT : 0 and 027 track, switches, and switch controllers. John Mc­ Vey, 605 Fourth StI'eet, Catasauqua, Penna.

HAVE : American Flyer cars and track. TRADE FOR: 00 or RO. Porter Kitzing, Alice, Texas. This "1"0.(/10111 pos(' is conducted (U 0. ,tn-vice to readers of this mallo:inc (W individuals and is not for usc of established nllsillcss. No notius will be accepted for the.st columns unless they off" to trode or exchange one ., item for 11110111('1'. No "For Sale" advertisements accepted ""deT any cirCIUIIslancts. Rate for notices in these RAVE : About 130 Lionel 027 straight and co/"m1lJ, on,' rent per word, payable in advance. In order to avoid loss in mail, slmd stomps or U. S. money ordeT. to MODEL BUILDER, Department T, 15 E. 26th St., New York 10, N. Y. Readers are war"d that curved track; two No. 56 lamp posts, and MODEL 8l "ILDER and its publishers accept no responsibility fOT differences that occur between advertisers two No. 156 illuminated station platfOl·ms. and subscdbt'rs as a re.mlt of notices printed in these colulllns. 8e certain �lwt you Iinderstond all conditions All in very good condition. WANT: Any brior, yOIl nlne/ude negotiationl. . Varney, Mantua, or Ulrich HO freight car kits, MODEL BUILDERS, No. 9 and 11, WANTED: Buddy L locomotive and tender HAVE : Two 2442 Pullman cars, one 2443 and many back date Model Railroaders. in good condition. Also street cars, stand­ observation, brand new. WANT: 2357 ca­ Answer all lettel·s. Bill Aden, 5631 Le­ ard gauge or larger in good condition. boose, 2456 hopper car, 2555 oil car, new or banon Ave., Phila. 31, Penna. WILL TRADE: New 1948 Lionel 0 gauge in excel1ent condition . HAVE : 15 latest 01' 027 equipment. Robert L. Slack, 237 popular best seHers, 60 Popular Science, Bussey St., East Dedham, Massachusetts. Home Course in Taxide,l}ly, Home course in HAVE : Two pail' Lionel 027 remote control making plaster·no,(elt'ies, 1000 watt AC-DC switches, plus 4 remote control tracks in HAVE : Lionel locos, Nos. 675WS, 224E, elecb'ic heater, · 4Agfa .. boxrcamera and perfl'!:ct condition. Also one No. 88 con­ troller. WANT : Varney HO kit F-3, a unit 252; American Flyer Nos. 1681, 425, 3307, French bicyclq, handle bar brakes, 22" 1683, 1730 ; U.P. streamliner set. Also pas­ wheel (new but· snop ' worfl) . WANT: GG1 pb\vered Diesel type engine. Answer all senger and freight cars, accessories, track loco or 671 LTS, 2856\hbpper 'car, 3854 merl\ letters. Bill Arlen, 5631 Lebanon Avenue, Phila. 31, Penna. and transformers. All 0 gauge. Also have chal'\dise cal', 285� QiL.car, {)22 switches, A.F. Hudson loco, freight cars, track and o tl'!tck, or what have you in 0 gau� All switches in H.O. gauge. WANT: No. 2332 letters answered. Palll Ruesotto,,230a IFbsb WILL TRADE : The following Lionel equip­ GGI loco and older style electI'ic type locos. Avenue, New York 35, e\v �t • ment: No. 440N light position twin 'signal 3000, 3001, 3280, A.F. passen.t!'er cars, Nos. l! i10rf.jt bridge with contI'oIling panel board, No. 155 3281, 3282, 3380, 3381, 3382. R. C. McLaren, ' HAVE : 16 gauge, double barrel �ho"t' un: Illuminated freight shed, No. 98 Coal stor­ 1035 Mapleton Avenue, Oak Park, Illinois. g German make with "1.56 M/.M 'lifle under. age bunker, No. 442 Illuminated diner, and WANT: Late model la$!O {lnq tender� No. 97 electric coal elevator. All equipment HAVE : Model airplane motors, kits, planes "Q" All inquiries answered Jerald Kuntz, 650 looks and works like new. FOR: One HO a11 built-UD. WANT : Lionel 2332 loco, Or E. 231st Street, Bronx 66, N. Y. roundhouse 0-6-0 switcher kit. Answer all any Lionel 0 gauge rolling stock. H. E. letters. Bill Arlen, 5631 Lebanon Avenue, Cartel', P.O. Box 811, Alex., Virginia. Phila. 31, Penna. HAVE : Lionel 60 watt 1042 multi-control WANT: One Lionel illuminated landscaped transfol'mers, two pair. Marx manual subm'ban hrnne No. 912. Also one Lionel switches, No. 1045 watchman, No. 167 HAVE : Popular Mechanics 1940-1948, inc.; illuminated landscaped bungalow No. 913. whistle controller, tunnel. WANT: No. 30 Popular Science 1938-1946, inc. ; MODEL Must be in good condition. HAVE : One or 38 water tower, No. 151 automatic sema­ BUILDER 1940-1948, inc. ; and Model Keystone 16mm projector and two films. phore, or what have you. Donald Lamontia, Craftsman 1945 and 1946 with few excep­ Geor.t!'e Walburn, 1418 W. Pine St., Shamo­ 2247 Warr. Center Rd., University Heights tions. John L. French, Lafayette Road, kin, Penna. 18, Ohio. Hampton, N. H.

ALL the ACCESSORIES to COMPLETE YOUR ROAD LIonEL SPECIAL SALE AmERI[An FLVER This Month Only LOCOMOTIVES 3/16" 2 RAIL LOCOMOTIVES 726LTS Steam type loco wi th Imoke .___ _ 42.50 FACTORY RECONDITIONED 2332 Pennly GG·l El.ctfic with horn M'_" 37.50 671LTS Steom Tu,bine with amok. __._ 37.50 For A.C. Operation 6020LTS St.am type with smoke _. ___ 35.00 675LTS Steom type with smoke __. _ __ 2S.OO 2025LTS Steom type with smoke 24.50 310 PennlY ...... _ ... _ .. __. ____ .. _.. $9.95 312 PennlY K5 with Choo·Choo and Smok. __ 13.DO 322 Hudlon with Choo·Choo ond Smok.___ 15.50 NOW IN STOCK 342 Nickel Plate Switch.r Choo·Choo and Smoke. AC ______. __ .. ___ 15.00 LONG AWAITED 694 3/16" Truckl ...__ ...... _ .. _ ...... _ ...... ,..._. ____.. _.pair .75 LIONEL DIESEL SPECIAL 342 Nick.1 Plate Switcher, Choo.choo and Smoke. DC Op.raUoD- SlS.00 2333 $42.50 GMC DIESEL SWITCHER Brand New - N01 Reconditioned

TRACK BUILT·UP $22.50 o qauqe Itraiqht or curved__ ._._._.__ each .30 WE CARRY COMPLETE AMERICAN FLYER LINE 027 Itraiqht or curvecL_.. __ ._._._._ .. __ each .25 THIS American Flyer Choo·Choo and Smoke Unit. 020 90·deqre. c,ollov.r 0 qauq. .... ___ ._.___ 2.50 MONTH Inltall one in a factory alonq lide your track, S'.OO 020X 45od.qr•• crollov.r 0 qauqe.______2.75 EXTRA SPECIAL - ONLY 3 Rail Wid. Radiul Switch Kill, 72" Diameter. Brall Rail. Either L.ft or Riqht.. .ach $4.50 SWITCHES Electra Switch Machin•. _ . ._ ...... _ ... .___ .ach 1.60 022 Remote Control 0 qauq•.. ___ ...__ ._ .. _ ..pair 18.75 ALL LIONEL ACCESSORIES IN STOCK GRASS CLOTH Faithful reproduction 01 fine qreen lawn firmly faltened to fabric backinq. Suitable lor all qouqes. U.. our eOly LAY AWAY PLAN. Male. 10% d.polit 50" wide, can be cut to any lenqth delired­ and qiv. UI deliv.ry dat.. You can make r.qular S2.25 per runninq yard. paym.ntl if you Wilh, or we will lhip C.O.D. on date Ipecifi.d. WE WILL PAY THE POSTAGE ANYWHERE THE IN GARGRA VES TRACK U.S.A. if th. articl. it; paid lor in lull before delivery. THOMAS 0-4-0 SWITCHER Three raU steel track mounted on closely spaced Thil 0 gauge Iwltche, kit is .alily oll.mbled. Only a Ic,ew driver is needed, no loldering, all wooden ties. Very realistic in appearance. 0 holes drilled and tapped. For 2 rail or inlide third gauge only. easily bent around cUl'Ves. Per three ModelERIC Railroacb FUCHS Exclwively rail pick·up. AC·DC combination Pillman motor. foot IenQ'th, S.95. 26 Tremont 51. Boston 8, Man. Only $25.00 (Less than 10 lengths-F.O.B, Boston) J r

WANT TO TRADE : One steel Lionel bridge, two 0 gauge Lionel cars, five sec­ tions 0 gauge straight track and one cross­ over. WHAT HAVE YOU TO OFFER? Master Bobby Blake, 50 Chestnut Street, Abbeville, South Cal:olina.

WANTED : 3/16 scale ° gauge Amel'jcan Flyer equipment. Switch yard engine, 2 pail' electric switches, freight cars 01' Pullman, semaphore signal, 2 rheostats, signal bridge, trestle bridge, 45 degree crossover, figul'es, lamp posts, telephone poles ...all in good condition. HAVE : Lionel hain outfit com­ plete, track, and U.S. commemorative st.amps. George Koster, 3544 Granton Ave­ nue, Cleveland 11, Ohio.

WANT: No. 2857 N.Y.C. caboose. HAVE : No. 2472 Penn. R.R. caboose and' 027, 90 degree crossover. Write Miles Schulze, Box 3764, T.S.C.W. Station, Denton, Texas.

WILL TRADE: Following American Flyer o gauge equipment. Three-rail type switch­ er, loco No. 429 in good condition, but with damaged tender. One pail' three-rail remote control switches and controller, No. 4180. American Flyer tl'ansfOl'mer model 8, 100 watt. FOR: Two pail' Lionel 0 gauge re­ mote control switches. Also have one 027 Lionel RCS and controller, one stl'aight and foul' curved track for one ° gauge Lionel RCS and controller. Elmer Lange, 13214 Clifford Avenue, Cleveland 11, Ohio.

Classified Advertisements Rate 10 cents per word, per insertion. pay· able in advance. Copy must be received � on or before tbe 20th of the second month preceding date of issue. �a'vM@:;�·".�m'�rA¥f��·Yn·::t:"��(�Tf�:ti:. Buy-Sell-Trade LIONEL and AMER· ICAN FLYER. HO-O-S standard gaug· YOU'D BE SURPRISED how mGny layout5 es. Tl'ains - Locomotives - Cars - Track include StromBecKe. scale models! By adding scole couplers ood metol trucks, they can be operated like - Switches and AccessOl'ies. Scale TT­ regular HO.gauge equipment. WE ARE BUYERS OF STAMP AND HO-S-O Kits and Accessories. Bargains "'1r!!�iIC::=!! in traded-in Locomotives and Rolling Stock. COIN COLLECTIONS AND Write-tell us what you have and what you ACCUMULATIONS want. Send 3c stamp for list. Please state Make and Gauge, Scale or Tinplate. THE ROCK ISLAND ROCKET HOUSE OF TRAINS. 3850 So. Cottage Grove Avenue, Chicago 15, Illinois. SEE YOUR HOBBY DEALER WHAT HAVE YOU

Send for free TO OFFER? Circular USED Lionel and Amedcan Flyer gauge describing all models 0 Write us what you equipment at reasonable prices. Send for BECKER MFG ". ep . ML STROMBECK CO D t - II . �,l omr e, III . have and price. list. Daniel Stiteler, Elverson, Penna.

MARX train No. 25000, 027 gauge track, Gold Coins. Crowns­ Toy and Scale Trains $30.00. Write Andy Elliott, R.R.3, Petrolia, U.S. & Foreign Ontario, Canada. IDYLE WYLDE HOBBY SHOP wanted. 22 Norton Street MID·WEST MODEL TRAINS-The Train Center of the Midwest. We buy, sell, and Albany 7. New York ' trade all makes and models of electric New - Used - Repairs trains. We handle all types of repair work We carry a complete line of all trains and accessories in aU gauges. HO, 027, 0, 072 and Standard Gauge. Tl'ade us your old train for a new one that whistles and DON'T MISS smokes. We will give you $10.00 to $25.00 trade-in. Send stamp for list. State whether "Roadside America" you want new or used list. Also ask us about our urare train" shopping service. American Life in Miniature MID·WEST MODEL TRAINS, 645 W. Armitage Avenue, Chicago, Ill. , The greatest model display ever built MODEL RAILROAD FOR SALE ...Lio· in Roadside America, miles west of nel, valued at $131.55. Excellent condition. 4 Sell for S80.00. Charles Lindquist, 2630 Hamburg between Allentown and scale model locomo· Virginia, Topeka, Kansas. - Harrisburg, Pa.. Route 22. A great O GAGE lives. cars. parls-a ... LANDLOCKED Sailors ! Beautiful 64- display of Lionel Trains. complete line lor the model builder. page richly illustrated catalogue of fittings, See .v oltr dealer Open A.M. to 10 P.M. old-time sailing ships, model guns, sail­ 10 GENERAL MODELS CORP. boats and motor boats, authentic in every Daily 703 Childs St. Wheaton. m. detail. Only 35c. Halesite Yacht Service, Dept. M. B., Halesite, Long Island, N. Y.

38 MODEL BUILDER . , - .

TWIN MOTORS • BUlL T-IN HORN

. . . . of ' .\ .. . �. . \ .• ... ONE OF THE FINEST LOCOS IN LIONEL HISTORY!

GENERAL MOTORS F3 TWIN DIESEL, WITH. SANTA FE AND NEW YORK CENTRAL MARKINGS

Your local Lionel dealer will have it soon-the new Lionel twin motor Diesel

for 1949. II"s the locomotive all model railroad fans are talking about • • • a rugged. powerful. streamlined beauty which measures a full 26 Y, inches.

Two big motors. which are housed in the first "'A"' unit. provide a wide speed range. from streaking along at high scale speed to realistic crawling without stalling or hesitation. To insure maximum wheel traction and better weight distribution. both motors are mounted on front and rear trucks and swivel when the truck turns.

Wealth of detail includes louvres. stanchions. ladders. panels and simulated

windshield wipers. Driver's compartment is glassed·in. Number box on nose

is illuminated.

NEW YORK CENTRAL or SANTA FE Locomotive

Price .•.. _...... _•...... _ •...... •...... •.. __ $42.50

THE LIONEL CORPORATION 15 EAST 26th STREET NEW YORK 10, N. Y.

--I

NEW CONVEYOR BELT LOG LOADER Completely aulomatic in oporationl Logs are loaded into bin and carriod to upper plaUorm on ondloss belt. where they are emptied by remote control into lumber car. EntIN opergtion on .gme trgck. Red-qreen siqno:l Igmp. $12.50

No. t82 TRIPLE ACTION MAGNET CRANE Thls Lionel modol will porform all the OpergUons 01 g real crano--al a touch 01 the buttons I 'Remote control molor operato. g winch to lower or raise the block gnd tackle. Derrick revolve. in either direction. Steel Icrgp cgn be picked up Irom pile and unloadQd into a wailinQ" car. Whoel at reg� of illum· inaied cab raises or lowers the boom. For gIl Q"auqoa, $19.95

DIESEL-TYPE CONVEYOR COAL LOADER

One 01 the most unusugl gccessoties eve� cregtedl Can be loaded god unloaded from sgme track by remote cont�ol­ no swltchlnQ"s. sIdlnqs. extra track necellgry. MotOl encased In gccurately designed Diesel·type housing. Heavy cast bgse. $10.95

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