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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______A mass influx of Bangladeshi Muslim has - A CONFLICTING STATE been a destabilizing force in Assam and has resulted in a number of political and security By Simran Bhaskar challenges. After years of negligent behavior From UPES, Dehradun by the Assamese government for illegal migration the Bodos launched an armed ABSTRACT insurgency in the 1980s to carve out a separate state for Bodoland. The creation of Assam is the home of several indigenous the Bodoland Territorial Council and tribes, including the Bodos, who comprising Bodoland Territorial Area District has failed 5% of total population. The Bodos are both to protect the rights of the Bodos and curb Hindus and Christians. The large scale the unabated migration from Bangladesh, migration of ethnic Bengali Muslims from leaving them increasingly vulnerable. Bangladesh to British colonial rule in , when they were imported as laborers. In this 1.2 Bodos- way, preceding the parcel of the sub- landmass, Muslim political pioneers urged The Bodos are ethnic and phonetic native Bengali Muslims to relocate to Assam for gathering of the in the political purposes and imagined Assam as a North-eastern piece of India. The Bodo component of Pakistan's eastern wing individuals are the primary occupants of the alongside East Bengal. Pakistani pioneers Brahmaputra Valley. The Bodo dialect is a kept on stating claims over Assam after Sino-Tibetan dialect formally composed segment, including Pakistani's Prime utilizing Devanagari content. It was Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and East- composed utilizing Latin Script and Pakistan pioneer Sheik Mujibur Rahman. Assamese content previously. A few The mass populace development of Bengali researchers propose the dialect used to have Muslims into Assam proceeded after the now lost content known as Deodhai. They takeoff of the British and multiplied with hone a culture known as Bathousim and the making of Bangladesh in 1971. Since workship the plant called Siju as an image of 1971, vast quantities of Muslim vagrants Bathou Symbol. The popular society moves from Bangladesh have wrongfully crossed of Bodo Tribe, for example, Bardaichikhla the permeable Indo-Bangladesh fringe into and Bagurumba. India's northeastern states, including Assam, 1.1.Assam Rifles- for monetary reasons. The Assam Rifles is the most seasoned paramilitary power of India. The unit can follow its heredity back to a paramilitary INTRODUCTION police constrain that was framed under the British in 1835 called Cachar Levy. From Assam is located in the North-eastern part of that point forward the Assam Rifles have India and shares international borders with experienced various name changes-The Bhutan and Bangladesh. It is home to Assam Frontier Police(1883), The Assam several indigenous tribes, including Bodos. Military Police(1913), at that point at last ______242 www.supremoamicus.org

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______progressed toward becoming Assam Rifles time a vigorous movement of Bodos was in 1917. The Assam Rifles and its launched demanding equality, economic, forerunner units have served in number of and social justice, political and civil rights, parts, clashes and theaters including World right to land, language and culture. The War I, World War II and even in Postwar political movement of Bodos was the Period. greatest human struggle and it ran up to the 1 beginning of the 21st century. This struggle is known as “Bodoland Movement. The political consciousness of the Bodos is reflected in their Charter of Demand. On SOCIO-POLITICAL & ECONOMIC 13th January 1967 the then Prime Minister CONDITION of India Mrs. in a talk to the Assam has a composite culture of0 Mizo union made a statement that the centre numerous tribes, races each portraying had a policy to reorganize the state of peculiar ethnic identity. The socio-political Assam on the basis of federal structure. The condition of Assam is great. It will be All Bodo Students Union of undivided injustice and unethical to point out a single District welcomed this policy of tribe or race amongst all, as Assamese the centre. Since then the All Bodo Students because Assam equally belong to those Union has been demanding the division of communities who do not understand Assam and the creation of a separate state Assamese. These people speaks duans. Bodoland for the Plain Tribals of Assam. A These tribes like the Bodo, karbi, chutia, political party awakening of the Bodos took miri etc practice their traditions, customs, a new turn on 27 February 1967 by the religious, belief and language, inhabiting formation of the “Plains Tribal Council of the hilly areas, are the original inhabitants Assam” which raised the demand for a of Assam. separate state named “Udayachal,” in order to protect economic interest of the Plain In the 12th and 13th centuries Ahoms and Tribals and to bring about the development Muslims came to Assam. The Ahoms are of the society of Plain Tribals which include originally conquerors from Thailand who both Bodo and non-Bodo. The political had come to Assam form the east and party meanwhile remained barren, and mesmerized by the virgin beauty of this people. land, settled down here embracing its language and way of life. In face, the name, All these facts serve as an introduction to Assam, is believed to have been given by the diverse yet composite . the Ahoms who ruled Assam for seven This is a society that has emerged out of hundred years. intermingling of diverse races and tribes, In late 20th century(1967) when the social yet living peacefully cultivating a feeling of movement of the Bodo exerted its force brotherhood and oneness. Assamese, a with its political character. The Bodo who peace loving community, historically have been living in the North-eastern region speaking, has always embraced everybody of India since time immemorial, for the first who has come to this land forgetting all religious and communal differences. ______243 www.supremoamicus.org

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______The is to a great extent Aside from tea and oil refineries, Assam has farming based with 69% of the populace couple of enterprises of criticalness. occupied with it. Main Bhabananda Deka Mechanical advancement is hindered by its was the primary Assamese Economist and physical and political seclusion from Research Scholar to start formal broad neighboring nations, for example, , research on economy of Assam for five China and Bangladesh and from the other centuries ideal from the season of Srimanta developing South East Asian economies. Sankardev. His research based book Asomor The locale is landlocked and arranged in the Arthaneen is acknowledged as the first ever eastern most fringe of India and is connected research based Assamese book on Assam to the terrain of India by a surge and Economics. typhoon inclined tight passage with feeble transportation foundation. The worldwide airplane terminal in is yet to discover aircrafts giving better direct global AGRICULTURE- flights. The Brahmaputra reasonable for Farming records for more than 33% of route does not have adequate foundation for Assam's pay and utilizes 69 percent of worldwide exchange and achievement of aggregate workforce. Assam's greatest such a safe exchange course will be subject commitment to the world is its tea. Assam to legitimate channel upkeep, and political creates a portion of the finest and most and exchange associations with Bangladesh. costly teas on the planet. Other than the Chinese tea assortment Camellia sinensis, Assam is a noteworthy maker of raw Assam is the main area on the planet that petroleum and flammable gas in India. has its own assortment of tea, called Assam is the second place on the planet Camellia assamica. is developed where oil was found. Asia's first fruitful at rises close ocean level, giving it a malty mechanically bored oil well was bored in sweetness and a natural flavor, instead of the Makum (Assam) route in 1867. The second more flower smell of good country e.g. most established oil well on the planet still Darjeeling, Taiwanese teas. Assam likewise creates raw petroleum. The majority of the represents decent amount of India's oilfields of Assam are situated in the Upper generation of rice, rapeseed, mustard, jute, Assam locale of the Brahmaputra Valley. potato, sweet potato, banana, papaya, areca Assam has four oil refineries arranged at nut and turmeric. Assam is likewise a home of substantial assortments of citrus natural Guwahati, , Numaligarh and with a total breaking point of 7 products, leaf vegetables, vegetables, MMTPA. BRPL is the primary S&P CNX valuable grasses, herbs, flavors, and so on which are for the most part subsistence 500 mix with corporate office in Assam. One of the best open zone oil association of crops. the country, Oil India Ltd. has its plant and headquarter at Duliajan. - INDUSTRY

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______On 10 February 2003, agents of the BLTF and the legislatures of Assam and India achieved an understanding and marked a Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) in New FORMATION OF BODO LIBERATION Delhi. 2,641 units surrendered and set out TIGERS FORCE their arms on 6 December 2003 at After six years mass movement led by Kokrajhar. A dominant part of them were ABSU-BPAC another Bodo insurgent group invested in the CRPF. On the next day, a came into existence of Bodo Liberation between time 12 member gathering of the Tigers (BLT) on 18th June, 1996 at Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) was Alaikhungri village, Kokrazhar. BLT was formed in Kokrajhar.1 formed with the Chairman and Secretary Memorandum of settlement signed on 10th General of Premsing Brahma and Harkhab Feb. 2003. NDFB AND CEASE FIRE. The Basumatary alias Samrat Basumatary. The main aims and objectives of NDFB was to gathering requested a different nation for the creation of a “sovereign Boroland” in the Bodo individuals to be cut out of Assam. North bank of . It was The pioneers of the BLT, together with the adopted in March 10, 1998 according to its pioneers of the All Bodo Students' Union, constitution. After formation of 12 years the framed a political gathering called Bodo NDFB declared its objectives. They are- People's Progressive Front Prior to 1996 outfitted association was casually existed  Liberate Boroland from the Indian and its Chairman was Chilagang expansion and occupation. Basumatary. After Hagrama Mohilary false  Free the Boro nation from the name Thebla and Derhasad Basumatary oppression, colonialist exploitation progressed toward becoming Secretary and domination. General of the BLT. On 6th Deember 2003  Establish a democratic socialist at Sports Association society to promote equality, liberty field Hagrama Basumatary, Chairman and and fraternity. Commander-in-Chief of BLT led his cadres  Developed integrity and and surrender of arms in front of lakhs of sovereignty of Boroland. From the people. Hagrama Basumatary lowered the 1st June, 2005, the NDFB observed BLT flag and raised the white flag of peace. a cease fire agreement with the Hagrama Basumatary handed over an AK- Government of India. 47 rifle for surrender ceremony. In this ceremony 2,641 BLT Caders surrendered. FINDINGS- After democratic mass movement the BTC was officially formed after the swearing-in findings of Bodoland Movement are- ceremony on 7, Dec. 2003 in the presence of  Before creation of BTC peoples face L.K.Advani. various problems such as social, MEMORANDUM OF SETTLEMENT- 1 Asia Pacific Journal of Research Vol: I Issue XVIV, November 2014 ______245 www.supremoamicus.org

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______economic, political, cultural,  Baska. infrastructure etc. But after formation of BTC it developed The BTC have chosen 40 delegates and the shortly. Assam government would choose six more.  After the long struggle of BLT, Of the picked specialists, 30 seats would be ABSU, BPAC, BTC formed in 2003 put something aside for tribal pioneers, five and first election held in 2005. The for various indigenous Assamese pioneers, political party of BPF take and the remaining five would be open for dominance role in BTC. general test.  NDFB and BLT are two militant CHANGES IN BODO INSURGENCY- groups in BTC and Bodoland movement was a fratricidal Exceptional interior contention among Bodo movement. agitators has turned out to be the greatest  Main aims and objectives of ABSU obstacle to peace in Bodo-ruled ranges of were to create a separate State. But Assam. Internal complexities inside the after creation of BTC autonomous National Democratic Front of Boroland Council formed. (NDFB), the primary surviving Bodo radical  In BTAD there are four districts. social affair, have also widened, following They are Kokrazhar, Chirang, Baksa the discharge of its creator president, Ranjan and Udalguri. Daimary, expected name D.R. Nabla.  In Dec. 7, 2003 there are 12 Member Prospects for yet another round of fratricidal interim Council of Bodoland clashes are certain, consequently speaking to Territorial Council was sworn in the an important hazard to the peace strategy. presence of L.K. Advani, Deputy Prime Minister of India. RESOLVING- The main provision of settlement was Bodo militancy can be effectively resolved identified with "the formation of the by accommodating the only surviving Bodoland Territorial Council, a self-ruling Bodo militant outfit within the existing self-overseeing body inside the State of self-governing territorial council that came Assam and under the arrangements of the into existence in 2003. In the mid-1980s, Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India the Bodos of Assam under its powerful to fulfill financial, informative and phonetic understudy body, the All Bodo Students' desires, socio-social and ethnic identity of Union (ABSU), which started an the Bodos, and to quicken the structure enthusiastic mass development requesting headway in BTC area". a different Bodoland state on the North of the Brahmaputra. The development went The BTC would include 3,082 towns in four on for about 10 years and brought about areas Kokrajhar and the three yet to be the foundation of a regionally made: characterized self administering council known as Bodoland Autonomous Council  Chirang (BAC) in 1993.  Udalguri

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______feeling of insecurity and threat to their identity by the minority group including the NEGOTIATION- Dimasas, Karbi, Bodo, etc. Further, the Insurgency movements in India’s northeast Assamese move to make Assam a ‘nation would appear to be even more intractable province’ and the relentless stride towards and beyond solution if not for the ongoing homogenization and the forceful assertion of ceasefires and peace negotiations between identity to the minority has backfired and the government and two dozen outfits in led to the aggravation of the colonial ethnic various states. cleavage. The introduction of the official language bill on October 10, 1960 which Products of the efforts by community tries to enforce the use of Assamese as the based organizations, official initiatives or official language across Assam by the state the plain bankruptcy of ideas of the rebel government, the decision of the Government outfits, such negotiations have been the of Assam taken on 1972 which imposed harbinger of tranquillity in many areas of as the sole medium of the region. instruction in university and secondary levels of education, the decisions of the All Assam Student’s Union which tried to do BODOLAND MOVEMENT away with the reservation and privilege hitherto enjoyed by the tribals and students Ethnicity and identity have been the key belonging to schedule tribes in the hill issues of mobilization in all of Northeast district. All these moves apart from others India. The movement has its emergence has further widened the ethnic cleavage and since the colonial period. The issue of land threatened the linguistic identity of the alienation, marginalization faced from the minorities. The minorities and the Bodos in mainstream and dominant community and particular are demanding for self assertion the prolonged social and economic and determination through the demand for backwardness due to the step-motherly autonomy i.e. for a separate Bodoa state, the treatment of the state has been the main Bodoland. This move is adopted in the first driving factor of the movement. The Bodos place since the Bodos who are the plain thought they claim to be the original tribes are not covered.2 inhabitants of the Brahmaputra valley has suffered in the hands of the dominant The Bodo movement since its inception has Assamese community in terms of allocation taken different trajectories from the demand of resources, land alienation where a large for more electoral inclusion to the demand chuck of land was grabbed from them and for a separate state and further to the also dismal electorate representation in the secessionist movement spearheaded by the colonial era (Basumatary, 2014). The insurgent groups. While some have general feeling of the Bodos is that of resolutely expressed the need for more neglect, exploitation, alienation and discrimination for decades.The various 2 policies adopted by the dominant Assamese Ethnicity, Conflict and Population Displacement in , by - Mridula Dhekial Phukan. community post-independence has led to the ______247 www.supremoamicus.org

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______autonomy within the present set-up, other of different courses of action of the Accord. movements have evolved more militant, It broke down inside a year. The statehood secessionist idea of political and request was again resuscitated by ABSU in geographical demarcation of territory. The 1996. aim and purpose of this autonomy movement is not only to bring change in the In 2003 under the NDA Government, a existing system, but also to augment minute tripartite Bodo Accord was set apart legitimate expressions of aspirations by the between the Bodo Liberation Tiger (BLT), people having a distinct culture, tradition an attacker prepare, the Central Government and common pattern of living. and the Assam Government. By methods for assention, the Bodos were yielded the DEMANDS OF BODOS- Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), inside the State of Assam under Sixth Schedule.  SEPARATE STATE

The demand for a different land for Bodos has its underlying foundations as back as 1930s when Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma, a  BODOLAND TERRITORIAL pioneer of the Bodos submitted reminder to COUNCIL- Simon Commission requesting for a different political set up for the indigenous The Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) has and tribal individuals of Assam. This request authoritative, managerial, official and was met neither by British India nor by budgetary controls more than 40 strategy Independent India.The second wave of ranges in the Bodoland Territorial Areas demands came up in 1960s and the third one Districts involving four regions of Assam. in 1980s. This time, interest for Bodoland The target of BTC was to satisfy financial, started on 2 March 1987 under the instructive and etymological desires and the administration of Upendranath Brahma of protection of land-rights, socio-social and the All Bodo Students Union (ABSU) and ethnic character of the Bodos; and accelerate its political association Bodo Peoples' the foundation improvement in BTC range. Action Committee (BPAC). The objective of The areas of Kokrajhar, Chirang, Udalguri the ABSU/BPAC improvement was to get and Baksa went under the BTC regulatory Assam segregated 50-50 among Bodoland range. and Assam. According to the 2003 accord, the BLT was required to surrender every one of their arms The improvement twisted up observably and changed over into Bodoland People's horrendous soon. In 1993, the Assam Front (BPF), a political gathering now Government went into a bipartite Bodo administering the Council. accord with ABSU to diagram a Bodoland Autonomous Council (BAC) to satisfy cash MURKY POLITICS of BODOLAND- related targets of the Bodos. This What happened later was more to inside dim examination assaulted due to non-utilization governmental issues of the BTC. A portion ______248 www.supremoamicus.org

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______of the previous activists of the BLT and The movement however has failed to truly pioneers of ABSU-CCBM pioneers realize the concerns of the poor and the constituted a Bodoland People's Progressive general masses and has failed to maintain a Front (BPPF). This BPPF got split into strong solidarity amongst the people which BPPF (Hagrama), drove by Hagrama led to the internal crisis and leadership Mahilary, the past BLT boss and BPPF failure. The quest for power and internal (Rabiram), drove by Rabiram Narzary, politics has somehow cost the movement previous ABSU president. At the point when from realization of its main objective of the principal decisions to the BTC occurred, separate state. The ethnic diversity of the these two groups got drew in into state and the failure of the movement to viciousness. Individuals offered command to incorporate these minority ethnic groups and BPPF (Hagrama) on the grounds that they its subsequent communal riots have cost the felt that Mahilary, being the signatory to the movement in some way. Also, the arms Bodo Accord, would be in a superior struggle and the turn in the movement from position to convey more supports and the democratic to the violent non-democratic improvement to BTC zones. The BPPF process was a wrong turn in the movement (Hagrama) was later renamed as Bodoland which has led to its decline. The leadership People's Front (BPF). There are two more crisis and the internal conflict amongst associations dynamic in Bodoland as themselves was the greatest detrimental follows- force in the movement. The movement in brief has passed through the emergence THE MOVEMENT AND ITS DECLINE- stage, the coalescence stage, the bureaucratization stage and the stage of The Bodo movement has succeeded in decline not because of the realization of its curving out certain administrative goal but due to the failure to sustain the arrangement such as the BAC and the BTC movement due to the aforementioned but has failed to achieve its main goal of reason. separate state (Fifty-Fifty Divide of Assam) or the secessionist movement of attaining a BODO- MUSLIM CONFLICT sovereign state. This failure can be attributed to the leadership failure and The assaults in Assam, in a similar area internal conflicts in leadership from the time where 2012 saw potentially India's most of the movement by the student and political pessimistic scenario of mass human organizations to the armed struggle dislodging inferable from strife, is just the spearheaded by the militant groups. A following period of savagery in a severe number of political organizations spring up mixed drink of ethnic issues and rivalry for from the Tribal League, PTCA, ABSU, assets that have pained this locale. PDF, BSS, etc. which all has their own ideology and interest and there is a conflict Here are five things you need to know about amongst themselves. This has led to internal the Bodo-Muslim conflict in Assam. conflict which becomes the main weakness 1. There is a history that provides context of the movement. to the continuing violence. ______249 www.supremoamicus.org

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______The regions of Kokrajhar, Baksa, represented, as per that understanding, by Chirang and Udalguri (the last three were the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), a as of late made areas) are home to Bodos kind of semi-self-governing body much the yet in addition to Muslims, OBCs and same as some other tribal self-ruling bodies different gatherings. Actually, a great in the state. part of the viciousness is revolved around the apparent fast development of the Denoting the comprehension were the Muslim populace in the area. While surrendered radicals of the Bodo Liberation Scheduled Tribes (principally Bodos) Tigers (BLT) drove by Hagrama0 Mohilary constitute about 33% of the populace in who proceeded to outline the Bodo People's these four locale, the STs have really Front (BPF) which has been in charge in the turned into a minority in the district, BTC. The Congress party isn't for the most adding to profound instabilities among part display in the BTC, except for through the ethnic Bodos with respect to the the BPF. Muslims. The BTC accord gave political energy to a The history is that the Bodos, Assam's Scheduled Tribe aggregate that was truly greatest tribal gathering, have had biting hindered in that area. Be that as it may, it conflicts with different Adivasis and the placed them against another gathering, the Muslim "pioneers" (called hence on the Muslims, likewise generally hindered in the grounds that parts of Assam have seen a state and in whatever is left of the nation. very long time of movement from 3. Illegal immigration remains a grey area Bangladesh appropriate since the 1950s). The 1990s saw a dynamic insurrection The 2012 savagery was differently portrayed and a Bodo development, a concurrent as having started over the Bodos' feeling of mistreatment among the non- pulverization of a mosque or an under- Bodos who kept on getting pushed to the development mosque in Kokrajhar or as edge of legislative issues in Kokrajhar having started after the executing of some and the district encompassing it. BLT men by Muslims. In any case, open recognition was to a great extent that the 2. A peace accord was signed, but issues skewed socioeconomics of Assam, owing remain unresolved for the most part to the proceeding with unlawful migration from Bangladesh - the Following quite a while of militancy and Bengali-talking "pilgrims" are likewise one fizzled peace accord, the Assam called "Bangladeshis" - were at the government and the Center (at that point foundation of the ethnic viciousness. drove by the NDA) marked a moment peace accord with the Bodo Liberation Tigers in

2003. This got ready for the arrangement of the BTAD, the Bodoland Territorial The movement issue is an imperative factor, Autonomous Districts, involving Kokrajhar, with Bodos trusting that the Muslim Baksa, Chirang and Udalguri. The BTAD is pilgrims bolster illicit workers who keep on ______250 www.supremoamicus.org

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______arriving through the riverine zones. There the Bodos will rely upon violence to drive have additionally been reports of widespread Muslims out of the territory, adds to the infringement of state-possessed woods fear factor. The 2012 ruthlessness saw arrive by Muslim encroachers. reports of item mischief and pillaging and The Muslims live partly on forest land. They fire related wrongdoing also. are now fleeing their homes, say reports. "Despite the government's efforts to stop 5. The Bodo leadership is itself fractured. people from fleeing out of fear, 25 Bodo families fled to Kokrajhar from Fakiragram The gatherings of the limited National in Muslim-dominated Democratic Front of Bodoland barely watch district0.Bengali Muslims, too, were seen eye to eye. The counter talks gathering, the heading towards carrying National Democratic Front of Bodoland their belongings," said the report (Songbijit), has denied its part in the strikes and has said it was "a political trap by . Assam government to trigger clashes 4. Prevalence of arms adds a lethal between two gatherings". A press ingredient to a deadly cocktail of ethnic clarification by NDFB Secretary strife and political scare mongering. (Information and Publicity Wing) NE Esara expressed, "We ask the Assam government This report in The Hindu subtle elements and its experts to stay away from such the brutality that happened in BTAD in affirmation without the littlest the course of recent days. "There were legitimization." around 40 of them, some in fight uniform and faces secured with dark fabric, and The virtuoso talks amass has starting late some others wearing khaki. Every one of asked for that the National Register of them held weapons," says a survivor. Citizens in Assam be revived, confirming that 70 lakh to 80 lakh outcasts came The political control of BTAD by wrongfully into Assam in the region of 1951 previous Bodo radicals has implied that and 1971. It has as often as possible reviled the prevalance of arms in the area violence by the counter talks gathering, proceeds. refering to reports of compulsion, snatching and executing of guiltless people related Reports have said more than 100 illegal with that gathering. weapons have been seized in BTAD in the run-up to choices. Since January this year, 42 aggressors of the National CROSS-BORDER MIGRATION Democratic Front of Bodoland (Songbijit gathering) have set down arms, while 18 The extensive scale relocation from others have been butchered in encounters. Bangladesh has essentially adjusted socioeconomics in India's northeastern This straightforward proximity of arms, states, prompting social, financial, and joined with the Muslims' conviction that political pressures amongst tribals and Bangladeshi Muslim pilgrims. For example, ______251 www.supremoamicus.org

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______in Assam, Muslims make up around 33% of expressed that Assam was confronting Assam's populace, and 11 out of 27 areas in "outer animosity and inward unsettling the state now contain Muslim greater parts. influence," because of the substantial scale Bodo pioneers in Assam state that relocation from Bangladesh. Bangladeshi Muslims are utilizing their developing energy to force their way of life The two India and Bangladesh have and religion in the range. Unlawful demonstrated woefully insufficient in Bangladeshi transients have efficiently managing the truth of the outskirt between appropriated cultivating, brushing, and the two nations. Ironicly the fringe which woodland lands generally utilized by the was drawn by the British in 1947 to sanely Bodos and different indigenous tribes in re-sort out the political space in the area has Assam for their work, prompting trepidation in the end produced its own particular and disdain among the tribal populace. madness, as well as made numerous new Alongside illicit transients, medicate issues for the locale. The outskirt, with its bootleggers and other criminal components long history of developments between as often as possible cross the Indo- individuals, societies, convictions, thoughts Bangladesh outskirt into Assam. Also, as per and traditions was totally unbelievable from Indian authorities, numerous Bangladeshi the earliest starting point. Arrive on the two Muslim pilgrims in Assam are presently sides of the outskirt was for the most part occupied with the unlawful development cultivable and was bolted, and there were and dispersion of opiates in the state. Some cultivates inside 40 yards of zero point on Indian political gatherings in Assam, for either side. Maybe the most imperative example, the Communist Party of India and normal for the outskirt was that as a rule it the Congress, have professedly supported was not touching. There are 53 waterways in unlawful relocation from Bangladesh, the area which make working of the fringe utilizing Bangladeshi Muslim pioneers to more muddled. All of India's debate with fortify their political base and catch good East Pakistan identified with this outskirt, votes in races. Additionally, unlawful generally including streams (Report of the vagrants can without much of a stretch get Indo-Pakistan Boundary Disputes Tribunal, produced citizenship records, empowering 1958). The disagreement regarding the limit them to vote and access taxpayer driven amongst Murshidabad and Rajshahi was an organizations. average case of these underlying debate where even the tribunal chose that the In the 1978 Lok Sabha (bring down place of division of the line made by the limit Parliament) by-decisions in the express, the commission 'is observed to be names of 45,000 illicit Bangladeshi vagrants inconceivable". Considerably more ace were found out of the blue on the voter's blematic was that every nation included its rundown, prompting fierce political distress enclaves inside the limit of the other, coming full circle in the "Assam Agitation" implying that the outskirt was overflowing (1979-1985) led by the All Assam Students with potential for issue. After the freedom of Union (AASU). India's Supreme Court as of Bangladesh it was trusted that the fringe late noticed the size of the issue when it would lose a lot of its potential for making

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______debate and hostility with the change of should likewise acknowledge the way that reciprocal relations. Tragically, even after couple of nations on the planet have over 25 years of the introduction of effectively contained it, be it a superpower Bangladesh, all the exceptional issues like the United States or a little nation like amongst India and Bangladesh keep on Germany. Once more, in the event that one being identified with the regular outskirt. is to pass by the start that movement, These incorporate sharing of water-assets of particularly illicit migration can't be halted, regular streams, CHT, boundary of sea one must go above and beyond and say that limits and the responsibility for it must be contained or regula-ted. Or, on the Moore/Talpatty Island, illicit cross-outskirt other hand rather, it can be consulted exercises, unlawful relocation, Berubari through a procedure of meanihgful monetary passageway and the giving of section/leave acti-vities, trades, administrative systems, or offices. Convic-tion about the sacredness of more all through exchange. The issue of the fringe is weaker in this district than cross-fringe movement is now and then somewhere else in India. Endeavors to confused by religious factor. Either the control the development of individuals and general population of the minority groups products, including timber, dairy cattle, look to the alternative of taking Economic materials, electronic merchandise, sugar, and Political Weekly September 4, 1999 medication and lamp fuel, have fizzled. Out 2549 This substance downloaded from of a blend of sadness and political pre-ssure, 14.139.239.74 on Sun, 22 Oct 2017 the legislature of India has manufactured 16:24:05 UTC All utilization subject to spiked metal perimeter on parts of both http://about.jstor.org/terms protect in the Assam and West Bengal sides of the neighboring nation exasperated with outskirt. Fencing project of 358 kms and 159 majoritarian insensi-tivities, or stay potential kms in south Bengal and Assam separately evacuees or illicit transients. Amid 1972- has been authorized. Different measures, for 1993, an aggregate number of 41,25,576 example, consistent watching and individuals touched base in India from checkposts proceed. In any case, these have Bangladesh. Out of that an aggregate of not stemmed the stream of either individuals 8,36,524 outstayed (contrast between the or products; in reality, its a well known fact movement and displacement figures). Out of that fringe monitors on either side them5,38,501 were Hindus. acknowledge and request influences from those looking to cross unlawfully. Because RECOMMENDATION of the convergence, the measure of which is hard to assess, a steady condition of pressure The problem of Assam is unique. We have exists, in Assam specifically and different so many diverse ethnicities and no other conditions of the north-east and additionally state in India has a similar problem. Besides, between transients, saw vagrants and the lots of infiltration has taken place host groups. In the event that one is to in Assam since centuries, which has acknowledge that relocation is a compounded the problem. characteristic human marvel that happens in The ground reality is that the problems of shifting degrees around the world, one the and Assam has not ______253 www.supremoamicus.org

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VOLUME 5 ISSN 2456-9704 ______been resolved yet, and will not be resolved inundation of Bangladeshi Muslims has in the future. This is because Assam is one been a destabilizing power in Assam and has of the best political weapons political parties brought about various political and security will use to gain minor benefits, and dump challenges. Following quite a while of everything they promise, after the election.It careless conduct by the Assamese is very much certain that the Delhiwalas government for unlawful movement the seating in the AC offices will never feel our Bodos propelled a furnished uprising in the problems and troubles, and will continue to 1980s to cut out a different state for exploit us until we decide to "write our own Bodoland. The creation of the Bodoland destiny." Territorial Council (BTC) and Bodoland Territorial Area District (BTAD) has failed Some policy and recommendations to solve to protect the rights of the Bodos and curb the problems are as follows- the unabated migration from Bangladesh, leaving them increasingly vulnerable.  The Central Indian Government and State Government in Assam must But their survival would never be possible make every single essential move to nor fulfilled. The Bodoland Movement had completely restore the casualties of emerged a powerful autonomy Movement in the current mobs and guarantee the Assam. It is observed that the formation of wellbeing of all groups in the state BTC has not fully satisfied the Bodo going ahead. peoples. ABSU, Bodo National Conference  India must secure the social, (BNC), NDFB are now demand for creation monetary, and political privileges of of a separate State like Telangana. the defenseless tribal populace in Assam and extensively address the hidden issue of unlawful movement from Bangladesh. *****  The U.S. ought to energize the Government of Bangladesh to execute solid measures to abridge the stream of illicit foreigners, activists, and medications from its side of the Indo-Bangladesh outskirt keeping in mind the end goal to avert assist destabilization of the area.

CONCLUSION From the above analysis we can conclude that all the Bodo people and their political, social, cultural, literary or other organisations are in favour of the creation of a separate Bodoland State. A mass ______254 www.supremoamicus.org