50’s Bikeway Project Design Toolbox Signage & Markings Bicycle Pavement Markings

Identify bike as bicycle priority .

Application: • Low shared roadways Advantages: • Guides bicyclists along occasional jogs in route • Encourages proper positioning • Alerts motorists of bikeway Disadvantages • Maintenance costs Design Recommendations • Size: 9 ft by 3 ft • Install in 200 ft intervals • recently included in MUTCD Costs $75-150 depending on materials

3 SEGMENTS Bikeway Identification & Wayfinding Signage Identifies routes to both bicyclists and motorists; provides destination and distance information. Application: • Bike route intersections • At key decision points • In advance of turns Advantages: • “Brands” the bicycle network Disadvantages • be aware of “sign clutter” Cost • $ 30-50 per sign plus installation

4 ROAD SEGMENTS Road Segments: Prioritizing Bicycle Travel Stop Signs Flipping stop signs allows bicyclists to travel continuously along the length of the bikeway route with minimum stops. Application • Install to control cross traffic and assign right of way to bicycles Disadvantages • After modification an increase in motor vehicle volume or speed may occur; mitigate with • Parking may need to be removed at for sight distances Costs • approximately $200 each

6 ROAD SEGMENTS Speed Bumps Raised sections of roadway designed to cause a reduction in motorists speed Application • Local service that are not Emergency Service Routes • Spaced 300 to 500 ft apart Advantages • Full time speed reduction • Low cost relative to enforcement Disadvantages • Potential to generate noise Costs $2,000 – 15,000

7 ROAD SEGMENTS Pinch Point Installation of islands to narrow the travel and thus reduce traffic speeds. Application • Can be used to provide traffic speed reduction Advantages • Speed & volume reduction • Reduces cut-through traffic Disadvantages • Parking loss • Drainage • Maintenance issues such as sweeping Costs • Medium

8 ROAD SEGMENTS Pinch Point Installation of islands to narrow the travel lane and thus reduce traffic speeds. Application • Can be used to provide traffic speed reduction Advantages • Speed & volume reduction • Reduces cut-through traffic Disadvantages • Parking loss • Drainage • Maintenance issues such as street sweeping Costs • Medium

9 ROAD SEGMENTS Chicanes Alternating extensions installed to create horizontal shifts in travel lane thus reducing motorists’ speeds. Application • Local residential streets with low on-street parking demand Advantages • Speed reduction • Stormwater retention Disadvantages • Loss of parking • Expensive • Maintenance issues Costs $5,000-10,000 per location

10 ROAD SEGMENTS Chicanes Alternating curb extensions installed to create horizontal shifts in travel lane thus reducing motorists’ speeds.

NO EXAMPLES YET IN Application PORTLAND • Local residential streets with low on-street parking demand Advantages • Speed reduction • Stormwater retention Disadvantages • Loss of parking • Expensive Other example cities: Vancouver, BC • Maintenance issues Berkeley, CA Costs , WA $5,000-10,000 per location

11 ROAD SEGMENTS Traffic Circles

Raised circular islands located in the center of intersections.

Application • Local service streets Advantage • Aesthetics - opportunity for landscaping Disadvantages • Expensive • Uncomfortable pinch points for bikes • More expensive than speed bumps Costs $5,000-12,000 mini islands $45,000 + landscaped

12 ROAD SEGMENTS Diversion (traffic volume control options) Volume control measures that utilize a signed or physical barrier to restrict flow of motor vehicles onto bike route. Application • Local residential streets with cut-through traffic issues • Non transit or ERR Advantages • Traffic volume reduction Disadvantages • Access restriction for local residents • Potentially divert traffic onto other local streets Costs Varies greatly on materials Diagonal: SE Tillamook & 16th Ave

13 ROAD SEGMENTS Diversion (traffic volume control options) Volume control measures that utilize a signed or physical barrier to restrict flow of motor vehicles onto bike route. Application • Local residential streets with cut-through traffic issues • Non transit or ERR Advantages • Traffic volume reduction Disadvantages • Access restriction for local residents • Potentially divert traffic onto other local streets Costs Varies greatly on materials Median: SE Harrison & 20th Ave

14 ROAD SEGMENTS Diversion (traffic volume control options) Volume control measures that utilize a signed or physical barrier to restrict flow of motor vehicles onto bike route. Application • Local residential streets with cut-through traffic issues • Non transit or ERR Advantages • Traffic volume reduction Disadvantages • Access restriction for local residents • Potentially divert traffic onto other local streets Costs Varies greatly on materials Partial: SE Lincoln & 39th Ave

15 ROAD SEGMENTS Diversion (traffic volume control options) Volume control measures that utilize a signed or physical barrier to restrict flow of motor vehicles onto bike route. Application th Diagonal: SE Tillamook & 16 Ave • Local residential streets with cut-through traffic issues • Non transit or ERR Advantages • Traffic volume reduction Disadvantages • Access restriction for local residents Median: SE Harrison & 20th Ave • Potentially divert traffic onto other local streets Costs Partial: SE Lincoln & 39th Ave Varies greatly on materials

16 ROAD SEGMENTS Bike Marked space along length of roadway for exclusive use of cyclists

Application • traffic volumes > 3,000 ADT Advantages • Generally provides most direct route and access to major destinations • Clarifies lane uses Disadvantages • Space requirements can require removal of parking or excess travel lane Cost $5,000 per mile

17 ROAD SEGMENTS Bike Lanes Marked space along length of roadway for exclusive use of cyclists

Application • traffic volumes > 3,000 ADT Advantages • Generally provides most direct route and access to major destinations • Clarifies lane uses Disadvantages • Space requirements can require removal of parking or excess travel lane Cost $5,000 per mile

18 ROAD SEGMENTS Buffered Bike Lanes Bicycle lane with a buffer to increase space between bicycle lane and travel lane or parked cars. Application • Bike lanes with high motor speeds and/or volumes and adjacent to on‐street parking Advantages • Provides cushion of space to mitigate friction with cars Disadvantages • Additional space needs • Space needs may reallocate uses from parking or travel lane Cost: >$5,000 per mile

19 ROAD SEGMENTS Buffered Bike Lanes Bicycle lane with a buffer to increase space between bicycle lane and travel lane or parked cars. Application SW Stark & SW Oak • Bike lanes with high motor speeds and/or volumes and adjacent to on‐street parking Advantages • Provides cushion of space to mitigate friction with cars Disadvantages • Additional space needs • Space needs may reallocate uses from parking or travel lane Cost: >$5,000 per mile

20 ROAD SEGMENTS Colored Bike Lanes Color alerts roadway users at high conflict areas and assigns right‐of‐way to cyclists. Application • Intersections and high conflict areas Advantages • Delineates cyclists pathway and assigns priority to bikes Disadvantages • Higher maintenance needs Cost: • Cost varies depending on materials

21 ROAD SEGMENTS Colored Bike Lanes Color alerts roadway users at high conflict areas and assigns right‐of‐way to cyclists. Application • Intersections and high conflict areas Advantages • Delineates cyclists pathway and assigns priority to bikes Disadvantages • Higher maintenance needs Cost: • Cost varies depending on materials

22 ROAD SEGMENTS Exclusive bicycle facility adjacent to – but separated from – the roadway by a physical barrier. Application • Arterial roadways with high vehicle speeds and volumes • Roads with fewer cross- streets and driveways Looking for example for • Desirable width 8 ft map Advantages • Direct access to main street destinations Disadvantages • Left turns must be made in non-standard manner • Expensive Cost - High

23 ROAD SEGMENTS Trails / Shared-Use Path Sections

Minimum and standard dimensions off street trails

Minimum • 12 ft, exclusive or shared Standard •16 ft Preferred • 16 ft , centered in ROW • 6 ft min and 8 ft standard pedestrian trail on either side • 2-4 ft wide vegetated separation between pedestrian and bike facilities Costs

24 ROAD SEGMENTS Trails / Shared-Use Path Sections

Minimum and standard dimensions off street trails

Minimum • 12 ft, exclusive or shared Standard •16 ft Preferred • 16 ft bike lane, centered in ROW • 6 ft min and 8 ft standard pedestrian trail on either side • 2-4 ft wide vegetated separation between pedestrian and bike facilities Costs

25 ROAD SEGMENTS Intersection Treatments Bike- & Signage Standard crosswalk markings and crossing signs alert motorists of pedestrian and bicycle crossing movement. Application • Intersections and midblock crossings • Cross traffic < 40 mph Looking for photo and • Can be combined with for raised crosswalk example for map Advantages • Alert motorists • Provide crossing location guidance to bikes and peds Costs LOW - MED

27 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS “Cross-bike” Markings Pavement marking adjacent to crosswalk to indicate bicycle crossing

Application • Major intersections and midblock crossings • Can combine with speed table Advantages • Encourages yielding to bicycles Disadvantages • May require public education and awareness campaign • High maintenance costs Costs $2,000–15,000

28 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS “Cross-bike” Markings Pavement marking adjacent to crosswalk to indicate bicycle crossing

NO EXAMPLES YET IN Application PORTLAND • Major intersections and midblock crossings • Can combine with speed table Advantages • Encourages yielding to bicycles Disadvantages Other example cities: • May require public education London, England and awareness campaign Vancouver, BC • High maintenance costs Vienna, Austria Costs Gronigen, Netherlands $2,000–15,000 Paris,

29 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Off–Set Intersection Treatments to facilitate an off-set bikeway crossing of a major traffic street. Application • Intersection of arterial at an off-set • Bike lanes 12-16 ft total • Consider including cross bike treatment Advantages • Provides direction to cyclists • Increases visibility of bikes Disadvantages • Parking removal Costs LOW

30 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Off–Set Intersection Treatments to facilitate an off-set bikeway crossing of a major traffic street. Application SE Stark St & 41st Ave • Intersection of arterial at an off-set • Bike lanes 12-16 ft total • Consider including cross bike treatment Advantages • Provides direction to cyclists • Increases visibility of bikes Disadvantages • Parking removal Costs LOW

31 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Curb Extensions By widening the into the street, curb extensions narrow the street, thus crossing distance. Application • Intersections, T intersections, and midblock crossings Advantages • Reduce crossing distance • Some speed reduction • Crossing points more visible Disadvantages • Some parking loss •Drainage Costs $7,000–10,000 per corner

32 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Forward Stop Bar A second stop bar for bicyclists placed closer to the centerline of the cross street. Encourages bicyclists to take full advantage of crossing design. Application • Stop controlled intersections, usually with curb extensions • Designed to position bicycles outside of pedestrian crosswalk Advantages • Bicyclists are more visible and have better visibility of cross traffic Disadvantages • Consider other treatments if >25% right turns or < 15% bicycle traffic Costs Low

33 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Forward Stop Bar A second stop bar for bicyclists placed closer to the centerline of the cross street. Encourages bicyclists to take full advantage of crossing design. Application • Stop controlled intersections, SE Clay St & 11th/12th Avenues usually with curb extensions • Designed to position bicycles outside of pedestrian crosswalk Advantages • Bicyclists are more visible and have better visibility of cross traffic Disadvantages • Consider other treatments if >25% right turns or < 15% bicycle traffic Costs Low

34 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Median Refuge Facilitates crossing of multiple lane or high volume arterials by providing space in center of roadway for bicyclists to wait for gaps in traffic. Application • Wide roadways with multiple lanes and few gaps • Signalized and unsignalized intersections • Design width for trailers Advantages • Effective between signalized intersections that provide gaps Disadvantages • May restrict auto left turns • Travel lane or parking removal Costs $15,000-30,000 per 100 ft

35 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Median Refuge Facilitates crossing of multiple lane or high volume arterials by providing space in center of roadway for bicyclists to wait for gaps in traffic. Application N Concord & N Rosa Parks • Wide roadways with multiple lanes and few gaps • Signalized and unsignalized intersections • Design width for trailers Advantages • Effective between signalized intersections that provide gaps Disadvantages • May restrict auto left turns • Travel lane or parking removal Costs NE Going & MLK Blvd $15,000-30,000 per 100 ft

36 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Activated Warning Beacons Pedestrians and bicyclists are given crossing priority with overhead flashing amber beacons.. Application Looking for photo and • Unsignalized intersections example for map and midblock locations • Pushbutton activated • Side mounted or overhead Advantages • Alerts motorists to presence of waiting cyclist or pedestrian Disadvantages •Cost Costs

37 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon Combination of amber and red indications that dwells in dark mode and then is bike/pedestrian activated. Application • Major crossings that lack adequate gaps in traffic Advantages • Could be used when Pedestrian Signal warrant is not met • Minimizes delay for traffic on major street Disadvantages • Not currently approved for use in Oregon • Limitations to where it can be installed Costs $100,000 – 175,000

38 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Pedestrian Hybrid Sygnal Combination of a beacon flasher and traffic controls signal that dwells in dark mode and then is bike/pedestrian activated. Application nd SE 42 Ave & E Burnside St • Major crossings that lack adequate gaps in traffic Advantages • Safer protected crossings Disadvantages • Increased motorists stops • • Will require approval Costs $100,000 – 175,000

39 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Existing Signal Treatments: Bicycle Box Creates two stop bars: one located directly behind the crosswalk for cyclists and another farther back for motorists. Application • Signalized intersections • High auto and bike volumes • Frequent turning conflicts Advantages • Increases visibility of cyclists • Reduces “right-hook” conflicts Disadvantages • Right turns on red must be prohibited • Maintenance costs Costs • $5,000-6,000 per intersection

40 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Bicycle Box Creates two stop bars: one located directly behind the crosswalk for cyclists and another farther back for motorists. Application • Signalized intersections • High auto and bike volumes • Frequent turning conflicts Advantages • Increases visibility of cyclists • Reduces “right-hook” conflicts Disadvantages • Right turns on red must be prohibited • Maintenance costs Costs • $5,000-6,000 per intersection

41 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS Push-buttons & Bicycle Loop Detection Allows bicycles to cross signalized intersections. Bicycles call a green signal phase with loop detectors or push buttons Application • Signal activation loops buried in pavement; must be calibrated to detect bicyclists • Push buttons installed at edge of roadway Advantages • Reduces bicycle delay Disadvantages • Increased traffic congestion with ↑ green time for bicycles Costs • $1,000-2,000 loop detector

42 INTERSECTION TREATMENTS QUESTIONS