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Diesel Biodegradation Capacities and Biosurfactant Production in Saline-Alkaline Conditions by Delftia Sp NL1, Isolated from an Algerian Oilfield

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Diesel Biodegradation Capacities and Biosurfactant Production in Saline-Alkaline Conditions by Delftia Sp NL1, Isolated from an Algerian Oilfield Geomicrobiology Journal ISSN: 0149-0451 (Print) 1521-0529 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ugmb20 Diesel Biodegradation Capacities and Biosurfactant Production in Saline-Alkaline Conditions by Delftia sp NL1, Isolated from an Algerian Oilfield Nesrine Lenchi, Salima Kebbouche-Gana, Pierre Servais, Mohamed Lamine Gana & Marc Llirós To cite this article: Nesrine Lenchi, Salima Kebbouche-Gana, Pierre Servais, Mohamed Lamine Gana & Marc Llirós (2020): Diesel Biodegradation Capacities and Biosurfactant Production in Saline-Alkaline Conditions by Delftia sp NL1, Isolated from an Algerian Oilfield, Geomicrobiology Journal, DOI: 10.1080/01490451.2020.1722769 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2020.1722769 Published online: 05 Feb 2020. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ugmb20 GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2020.1722769 Diesel Biodegradation Capacities and Biosurfactant Production in Saline-Alkaline Conditions by Delftia sp NL1, Isolated from an Algerian Oilfield Nesrine Lenchia, Salima Kebbouche-Ganab, Pierre Servaisc, Mohamed Lamine Ganad, and Marc Lliros e,f,g aDepartment of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Benyoucef Benkhedda University (Algiers 1), Algiers, Algeria; bFaculty of sciences, M’Hamed Bougara University of Boumerdes, Boumerdes, Algeria; cEcology of Aquatic Systems, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; dCenter of research and development, SONATRACH, Boumerdes, Algeria; eDepartment of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Catalunya, Spain; fFaculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Catalunya, Spain; gInstitut d’Investigacio Biomedica de Girona – Dr Josep Trueta, Salt, Catalunya, Spain ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY In this study, a diesel oil-degrading bacterium was isolated from an oilfield water injection (water- Received 14 March 2019 bearing formations, 1,205 m depth) in Algeria. The bacterial strain, designated NL1, was cultivated Accepted 22 January 2020 on diesel oil as sole carbon and energy sources. Molecular analyses of the 16S rRNA gene Delftia KEYWORDS sequence (KY397882) placed NL1 strain closely related to distinct cultivated species of the Delftia genus. Optimal diesel oil biodegradation by Delftia sp NL1 strain occurred at pH 11, 40 C, 2 M Biosurfactant; sp v/v NL1; diesel; oilfield; NaCl and initial hydrocarbon concentration of 5% ( ) as sole carbon source. GC-MS analyses evi- pH; salinity denced that strain Delftia sp NL1 was able to degrade more than 66.76% of diesel oil within only 7 days. On the other hand, and in the same conditions, biosurfactant production by Delftia sp NL1 was also evaluated evidencing high emulsifying capacity (E24 ¼ 81%), ability to lower the surface tension of growing media (with the value of 25.7 mN m21), and production of glycolipids (8.7 g LÀ1) as biosurfactants. This research presents indigenous strain Delftia sp NL1 for diesel degrad- ation and synthesis of biosurfactant in extreme conditions. In this sense, strain NL1 is a good can- didate for possible in situ oil recovery and in wastewater treatment in refineries and oil terminals in petroleum industry. Introduction of lowering costs, and environmental safety with absence of secondary pollutants (Philip et al. 2005; Sun et al. 2019). The extensive use of petroleum components or hydrocar- Biodegradation of diesel oil by microorganisms had bons as fuels has as negative drawback their release into the been widely demonstrated by the use of several species of environment in form of spills and subproducts of their con- the following genera, to cite some, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, sumption (Peixoto et al. 2011). Diesel oil is a common prod- Sphingomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, uct of crude oil distillation with a very complex Raoultella, Stenotrophomonas mainly isolated from a wide composition, mainly consisting of alkanes and polycyclic diversity of oil-contaminated soils (Leahy and Colwell 1990; aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In fact, PAHs can cause Morales-Guzman et al. 2017; Palanisamy et al. 2014; Zhang carcinogenic and mutagenic effects and are potent immune- et al. 2014). suppressants (Abdel-Shafy and Mansour 2016; Handley et al. However, many oilfields are situated in regions with arid 2017). Diesel compounds in the environment may be a great and semi-arid climates, where salinity of soil and therefore human health problem and exert a severe impact on the of wells is high. Thus, in such environments, it is necessary environment and dependent economies (Barron 2012). In that the potential bioremediation agents are able to cope case of an uncontrolled industrial leakage, diesel oil and its with high salinity. Various salt-tolerant hydrocarbon- constituents might act as a persistent water and soil pollu- degrading bacteria from different genera (either saline tant (Anjana et al. 2014). tolerant ones (e.g., Marinobacter, Halomonas, Alcanivorax, A variety of methods have been developed to treat diesel Haloferax, Haloarcula, or Ochrobactrum anthropi)or contamination. Physico-chemical treatments to the remedi- generalist ones (e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis, Bordetella bron- ation of hydrocarbons are usually laborious, expensive, and chialis and Pseudomonas sp. CQ2), have been isolated from use hazardous solvents. However, bioremediation is hypersaline oil reservoirs, saline oilfield-produced water, recognized as an effective method for the treatment of oil and high-salinity hydrocarbon impacted environments contaminated areas (Zhang et al. 2014). Bioremediation (Fathepure 2014; Kebbouche-Gana et al. 2009; Sun et al. technology utilizes microorganisms and their activities to 2018; Sun et al. 2019). In oil industry, the isolation of degrade toxic pollutants to harmless products with the aim microorganisms that degrades hydrocarbons in highly saline CONTACT Nesrine Lenchi [email protected], [email protected] Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Algiers 1 Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria. ß 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2 N. LENCHI ET AL. milieus is of great importance for effective wastewater treat- Tabankort; TFT). Site description has been published else- ment strategies in refineries, oil terminals, and depots (Riis where (Lenchi et al. 2013). Water was collected in sterile et al. 2003). jerry cans directly from the wellhead, completely filled after One of the main factors affecting the biodegradation effi- three overflows and sealed directly with screw caps to avoid ciency of complex hydrocarbon compounds is the low avail- contamination and oxygen intrusion. The samples were ability of contaminants to microbial attack. An alternative to immediately transported at ambient temperature to the expand the bioavailability and the contaminant metabolism laboratory and stored at 4 C until analyses. Samples were is increasing substrate solubilization by using biosurfactants treated within 24 h after collection. Temperature, pH, and (Cerqueira et al. 2011). Biosurfactants are amphiphilic com- salinity were measured in situ using a multi-parameter probe pounds (i.e. both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties are (Hanna Instruments, Smithfield, RI, USA). In fact, injection present) produced by many living organisms within the abil- water collected from this oilfield was from 1205 m depth ity to reduce interfacial tension between different fluid and had a temperature of 98 C, pH of 7.11 and a salinity of À phases (Banat 1995; Santos et al. 2016). In this sense, biosur- 7.30 g L 1. factants have a wide variety of industrial (e.g. petroleum, pharmaceutics, food, cosmetic, detergent, textiles, paints and agriculture, … ) and environmental (e.g. wastewater treat- Isolation of NL1 strain ment and bioremediation of sites contaminated with hydro- In order to isolate viable bacterial species from injection carbons) applications (Banat et al. 2000; Akbari et al. 2018). waters, 100 mL were spread on the surface of Pseudomonas Currently, the petroleum industry is the main market of bio- agar media (PA, Merck) and incubated at 37 C for 7 days surfactant production (Akbari et al. 2018; Santos et al. under aerobic conditions. The obtained colonies were fur- 2016). In fact, Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is ther sub-cultured in the same media and culture conditions an important and one of the most promising tertiary proc- to obtain pure colonies. Isolates were further screened for esses that uses microorganisms or their metabolites (biosur- the ability to degrade diesel oil on mineral salt medium factants, biopolymers, biomass, acids, solvents, gases and À1 À1 À1 (MSM; 3.0 g L NH4 NO3, 0.5 g L KH2 PO4, 0.5 g L also enzymes) to increase oil recovery from depleted oil res- Á Á K2HPO4 3H2O and trace amounts of MgSO4 7H2O (0.008 g ervoirs after primary (mechanical) and secondary (physical) À1 Á À1 Á À1 L ), CuSO4 4H2O (0.002 g L ), MnSO4 H2O (0.002 g L ), recovery procedures (Pacwa-Płociniczak et al. 2011). Á À1 Á À1 FeSO4 7H2O (0.002 g L ) and CaCl2 2H2O (0.002 g L ); Biosurfactants, by reducing interfacial tension between oil/ Palanisamy et al. 2014) supplemented with diesel oil water and oil/rock, reduces the capillary forces preventing (commercially available in Algerian local petrol stations and
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