JOUR 1307 - Mass Media in Society COURSE SYLLABUS: Fall 2017

INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION

Instructor: Fred Stewart, instructor

Office Location: Journalism Building Room 113 Office Hours: Mon-Fri (8 a.m. - 9 a.m.; 1 p.m. - 2 p.m.)

Office Phone: 903-886-5231 Office Fax: 903-468-3128

University Email Address: [email protected]

Preferred Form of Communication: email

COURSE INFORMATION

Course Description A discursive study of mass media organizations, how they operate and exert their influence on individuals and society enabling students to become knowledgeable and self-critical consumers of mass media content. The emphasis will be on those media engaged in news and public affairs reporting and commentary, especially the press and television.

Student Learning Outcomes 1. The student will be an active participant in discussions and evaluating information presented in class activities and video tape presentations. 2. The student will be an active participant and contribute to discussions based on their individual perceptions and experiences. 3. The student will demonstrate an understanding of the mass media and society including but not limited to newspapers, radio, television, movies, recording industry, and social media

The syllabus/schedule are subject to change.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

Instructional Methods Class will lecture and supported by PowerPoint and video presentations.

Student Responsibilities or Tips for Success in the Course

Students are encouraged to attend class regularly and be on time. Excessive absences may result in the student being dropped from the class. Excessive talking or other class disruptions may result in student being asked to leave class. Student may make up missed quizzes prior to final exam. No extra credit or quiz re-takes are available. GRADING

Final grades in this course will be based on the following scale:

A = 90%-100% 630 - 700 points B = 80%-89% 560 - 629 points C = 70%-79% 490 - 559 points D = 60%-69% 420 - 489 points F = 59% or Below 000 - 419 points ` Quizzes: 4 at 100 points each 400 points Assignments: 2 at 50 points each 100 points Final Exam: 200 points 200 points

Total Points Possible 700 points TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS Students may use laptops to take notes during lecture classes. No electronics (laptops, cell phones, iPods, iPads, etc. and no wearing of ear buds, headphones, etc.) during quizzes and final exam sessions.

COMMUNICATION AND SUPPORT

Interaction with Instructor Statement

To contact the instructor, students may call 903-886-5231 (if no answer, leave a voice mail), email ([email protected]). Response will be within 24 hours of receipt, if response is requested. Students requiring club, organization or athletics grade checks must bring appropriate form to instructor’s office during office hours. No grade checks will be given

The syllabus/schedule are subject to change.

in the classroom. Instructor-initiated communication will be via email at the students’ myLeo email address.

COURSE AND UNIVERSITY PROCEDURES/POLICIES

Course Specific Procedures/Policies

Students are encouraged to attend class regularly and be on time. Excessive absences may result in the student being dropped from the class. Excessive talking or other class disruptions may result in student being asked to leave class. Student may make up missed quizzes prior to final exam. No extra credit or quiz re-takes are available.

Syllabus Change Policy The syllabus is a guide. Circumstances and events, such as student progress, may make it necessary for the instructor to modify the syllabus during the semester. Any changes made to the syllabus will be announced in advance.

University Specific Procedures Student Conduct All students enrolled at the University shall follow the tenets of common decency and acceptable behavior conducive to a positive learning environment. The Code of Student Conduct is described in detail in the Student Guidebook. http://www.tamuc.edu/admissions/registrar/documents/studentGuidebook.pdf

Students should also consult the Rules of Netiquette for more information regarding how to interact with students in an online forum: Netiquette http://www.albion.com/netiquette/corerules.html

TAMUC Attendance For more information about the attendance policy please visit the Attendance webpage and Procedure 13.99.99.R0.01. http://www.tamuc.edu/admissions/registrar/generalInformation/attendance.aspx http://www.tamuc.edu/aboutUs/policiesProceduresStandardsStatements/rulesProcedur es/13students/academic/13.99.99.R0.01.pdf

Academic Integrity Students at Texas A&M University-Commerce are expected to maintain high standards of integrity and honesty in all of their scholastic work. For more details and the definition of academic dishonesty see the following procedures:

The syllabus/schedule are subject to change.

Undergraduate Academic Dishonesty 13.99.99.R0.03 http://www.tamuc.edu/aboutUs/policiesProceduresStandardsStatements/rulesProcedur es/13students/undergraduates/13.99.99.R0.03UndergraduateAcademicDishonesty.pdf

Graduate Student Academic Dishonesty 13.99.99.R0.10 http://www.tamuc.edu/aboutUs/policiesProceduresStandardsStatements/rulesProcedur es/13students/graduate/13.99.99.R0.10GraduateStudentAcademicDishonesty.pdf

ADA Statement

Students with Disabilities The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal anti-discrimination statute that provides comprehensive civil rights protection for persons with disabilities. Among other things, this legislation requires that all students with disabilities be guaranteed a learning environment that provides for reasonable accommodation of their disabilities. If you have a disability requiring an accommodation, please contact:

Office of Student Disability Resources and Services Texas A&M University-Commerce Gee Library- Room 162 Phone (903) 886-5150 or (903) 886-5835 Fax (903) 468-8148 Email: [email protected] Website: Office of Student Disability Resources and Services http://www.tamuc.edu/campusLife/campusServices/studentDisabilityResourcesAndServ ices/

Nondiscrimination Notice Texas A&M University-Commerce will comply in the classroom, and in online courses, with all federal and state laws prohibiting discrimination and related retaliation on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, age, genetic information or veteran status. Further, an environment free from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression will be maintained.

Campus Concealed Carry Statement

Texas Senate Bill - 11 (Government Code 411.2031, et al.) authorizes the carrying of a concealed handgun in Texas A&M University-Commerce buildings only by persons who have been issued and are in possession of a Texas License to Carry a Handgun. Qualified law enforcement officers or those who are otherwise authorized to carry a concealed handgun in the State of Texas are also permitted to do so. Pursuant to Penal

The syllabus/schedule are subject to change.

Code (PC) 46.035 and A&M-Commerce Rule 34.06.02.R1, license holders may not carry a concealed handgun in restricted locations.

For a list of locations, please refer to the Carrying Concealed Handguns On Campus document and/or consult your event organizer.

Web url: http://www.tamuc.edu/aboutUs/policiesProceduresStandardsStatements/rulesProcedur es/34SafetyOfEmployeesAndStudents/34.06.02.R1.pdf

Pursuant to PC 46.035, the open carrying of handguns is prohibited on all A&M- Commerce campuses. Report violations to the University Police Department at 903- 886-5868 or 9-1-1.

The syllabus/schedule are subject to change.

COURSE OUTLINE / CALENDAR

MUST READ THIS NOTICE: Assignments are due no later than 9:30 a.m. on designated date. Absolutely no late assignments will be accepted. If assignments are emailed, time stamp MUST be prior to deadline. Assignments no received by 9:30 a.m. on designated date receive 0.

Aug 29 Class introduction, syllabus discussion Aug 31 Discuss: Living in a Media World Sept 5 Discuss: Magazines Sept 7 Discuss: Newspapers Sept 12 Discuss: Newspapers cont. Sept 14 Quiz #1 (discussions above, Handout A-C) Sept 19 Discuss: Radio Sept 21 Discuss: Radio cont.; Assignment # 1 Given (Due: Oct. 3) Sept 26 Discuss: Television Sept 28 Discuss: Television cont. Oct 3 Discuss: Media Effects; Assignment #1 DUE Oct 5 Quiz #2 (discussions above, Handout D-I) Oct 10 Discuss: Recordings Oct 12 Discuss: Recordings cont. Oct 17 Discuss: Movies Oct 19 Discuss: Movies cont. Oct 24 Discuss: Social Issues; Assignment #3 Given (Due: Nov. 7) Oct 26 Quiz #3 (discussions above, Handout J-P) Oct 31 Discuss: Media Law & Ethics Nov 2 Discuss: Media Law & Ethics cont. Nov 7 Discuss: Advertising; Assignment #2 DUE Nov 9 Discuss: Advertising cont. Nov 14 Discuss: Subliminal Advertising/Messages Nov 16 Quiz #4 (discussions above, Handout R-Z) Nov 21-23 Holiday - No Class Nov 28 Final Exam Discussion & Review Nov 30 Make up: Quiz #1 and Quiz #2 Dec 5 Make up: Quiz #3 and Quiz #4 Dec 7 Final Exam Study Day - No Class Dec 14 FINAL EXAM (8 a.m. - 10 a.m.)

NO QUIZ RETAKES

NO EXTRA CREDIT

The syllabus/schedule are subject to change.

JOURNALISM 1307 - HANDOUT

REVIEW THE FOLLOWING FOR QUIZ #1 Above the fold Placement of a story in a newspaper located on the top of the front page Acta Diurna "Daily events" - earliest known written news account or news sheet developed by Julius Caesar American Magazine Established by Andrew Bradford in 1741 Avatar Graphic interactive "character" situated within the world of a game Blogs Sites that contain articles in reverse chronological journal-like form, often with reader comments Broadsheet One form of newspaper format - Dallas Morning News Browsers Information-search services that offer detailed organizational maps to the Internet Citizen journalism Non-professional journalists use the Internet and blogs to disseminate news and information Communication Creation and use of symbol systems that convey information and meaning Company Magazines Produced by businesses for employees, customers, stockholders; promotes company, its people Consumer Magazine Sold by subscriptions and at news stands, makes most money, has most readers, most advertising Content communities Online communities that share all types of content, from text to photos and videos Convergence Technological merging of media content across various platforms; combines print, broadcast, online Digital communication Images, texts, and sounds are converted into electronic signals Digital turn Growing download speeds, more portable devices have changed the way we access & consume media Effects of mass media Messages being sent, media sending them, media owners, audience members Feedback Citizens, consumers return messages to senders or gatekeepers through phone calls, letters, e-mails Flack Derogatory term, in journalism, that refers to a public relations agent Gatekeepers News editors, executive producers, other media managers who function as message filters General Magazine Established by Benjamin Franklin in 1741 Instant messaging Web features that enables users to chat with friends in real time via pop-up windows Literary journalism News reports that adapt fictional storytelling techniques to nonfictional material Magazine A periodical publication containing a wide variety of articles on various subjects Mainstream media Media with largest circulation, viewers; the largest media Mass media Technologies used to transmit mass communication messages to large audiences simultaneously Mass media channel Newspapers, books, magazines, radio, televison, the Internet Media consumption 2/3 of kids' leisure time is spent with some form of mass media Media effects Internet changed everything, affected all mass media, turned individuals into journalists, publishers Media literacy Understanding what the media are; how they operate; what messages they deliver/audience Messages Programs, texts, images, sounds, and ads Ms magazine Established in 1972; first magazine with feminist viewpoint Muckrakers Journalists accused of raking the filth and missing the good, attacked establishment, took on crusades Newshole Space in not taken up by advertising, represents 35-50% of daily newspaper content Newspapers in the US Cities with two dailies are declining, metros are declining, suburbans are steady and growing Noobs Game players who are clueless beginners Paparazzi Photographers most closely associated with tabloids; independent contractors, pay per photo Partisan press Political newspaper, ushes the plan of particular political group who pays for the publication Pass Along Readership Peoople share magazine with original recipient; magazines in doctor's waiting room Paywall Charging a fee for online access to news content Photojournalism The use of photos to document the rhythms of daily life; a key aspect of magazines Point of Purchase magazine Sold mainly at the checkout stands in supermarkets Postal Act 1879 Helped magazines expand, gave them special, reduced rate of mail cost Prior Restraint Government controls the press and attempts to prevent publication Radio Stations have become more specialized, listeners choose format they prefer, personal medium Receivers Readers, viewers, and consumers of the messages sent through the mass media channels Regional editions National magazines whose contents are tailored to different geographical areas Roles of the mass media Inform, persuade, entertain, analyze Selective exposure Audiences seek messages, meanings that correspond to their preexisting beliefs and values Selective retention Audiences remember or retain messages, meanings that correspond to their preexisting beliefs/values Senders Authors, producers, and organizations responsible for transmission of messages Snapchat Allows users to send photos, videos and/or text that will disappear after a certain amount of time Social media Digital media platforms that engage users to create content, add comments and interact with others Surveillance of environmentMedia tells/shows us what is happening, much of what we know, we learn from the mass media Tabloid Format of newspapers, one half the size of traditional newspaper - National Enquirer Television Nation's major medium for entertainment, most significant change in collective national mind, mores Trade-Technical Magazines Read by people in particular industry to learn more about their industry, carries specific advertising Underground press Alternative newspapers in 1960s that questioned mainstream politics, voiced radical opinions Women Single most lucrative audience for magazines YouTube The most popular Web site for watching videos online; bught by Google in 2006 Zines Mini magazines that are often self-published or homemade; gives voice to subcultures Access channels In cable TV, nonbroadcast channels dedicated to local education, government and the public Actualty During a newscast, a live or pre-recorded report or an eyewitness interview from the actual scene Amos n Andy On radio since 1928, became first TV series with entirely black cast in 1951 Cable television Introduced a better business model - earned money from monthly subscription fees and advertising Closed captioning Text version of a program on the screen by an equipped TV set for the hearing impaired Copy Written material to be read by a DJ or presenter Dead Air The time on-air where there is no audible transmission. Silence on air. Drive time Between 6-9 a.m. and 4-7 p.m. when people are commuting to and from work or school ------REVIEW THE FOLLOWING FOR QUIZ #2 Evergreens In TV syndication, popular, lucrative and enduring network reruns; such as "I Love Lucy" Format radio Management, rather than DJs, control programming each hour. Must-carry rules Established by FCC in 1965, requires all cable operators to assign channels to and carry all local TV Network Talk Shows Established in 1954 by the format of "Tonight Show" News copy Copy written in a conversational style to be read live during a newscast News crawl Scrolling ticker at the bottom of the display of TV content; headlines, news items, statistics Payola Record promoters pay DJs to play particular records Podcasting Making audio files available on Internet so listeners can download onto their computers Presidential debate First televised presidential debate in 1960 (Kennedy v Nixon) Prime time TV hours 8-11 p.m. when networks draw their largest adiences and charge highest ad rates Promo An announcement (either recorded or live) used to promote the station's image or other event PSA Public Service Announcements, carried free by radio and TV, promotes government, education, social Sound bite In TV journalism, equivalent of a quote in print; source is interviewed about aspect of the story Spotify Lets you pick a genre of music and it will play tunes accordingly; over time it learns what you like Superstations Independent TV stations uplinked to a satellite such as WGN Chicago, TBS Atlanta Major historical developments in TV's early years helped shape it: 1) technological innovations and patent wars; 2) wrestling content control from advertisers; 3) sociocultural impact of the infamous quiz show scandals Chapter shows Self-contained stories with a recurring set of main characters - face problems, conflict and resolve them Cover music A song recorded or performed by another artist Digital TV Standard 2009 All broadcast TV signals switched from analog to digital Episodic series Main characters continue from week to week, sets and locales remain the same, crew remain Fake News Shows Satire and sharp-witted lampoon of politics and the news media; major source of news for 18-34 ages First run syndication Any program specifically produced for sale into syndication markets Folk music Songs performed by untrained musicians and passed down mainly through oral traditions Fourth screens Technologies such as smartphones, iPods, iPadsand other mobile TV devices Gangster Rap Sought to tell the truth about gang violence in American culture; accused of creating violence Hulu 2nd most popular site for watching videos online; presents episodes of current shows after they air Jazz Developed in New Orleans, an improvisational and mostly instrumental musical form Media on the go Downloading or streaming TV episodes to smartphones and other mobile devices Midwest Video Case 1979 Cable companies were granted power to select the content they carry Network era 1950s-1970s when networks gained control over TV's content Online piracy Unauthorized online file sharing Punk rock Rose in late 1970s ot challenge the orthodoxy and commercialism of the record business Rock and roll A blues slang term for "sex" lending it instant controversy; first integrationist music Serial programs Most story lines from episode to episode; example is daytime soap opera Sitcoms Reflect social, cultural issues of the time; focus on character relationships Third screens The computer screens are the third major way we view content (movies screens, TV screens are 1 & 2) WTBS Launched in 1976, the first superstation after Ted Turner made it available across the nation Since the introduction of the iTunes Music Store in 2003, music sales have dropped in the US from $11.8 billion to $7.1 billion How The Beatles impacted the recording industry: 1) they combined songwriting with performing; 2) they invented the album as we know it; 3) they changed the geography of music; 4) they took the artist into the recording studio; 5) they broght black American music to America; 6) they invented the video clip; 7) they saved rock and roll; 8) they dominated a decade; 9) they made people take rock seriously; 9) they took music into sporting venues; 10) they help popularize drugs; 11) the blazed the trail for artists as businessmen; 12) they invented automatic double tracking; 13) they are still huge Blockbuster Big-budget special effects film that has a summer or hoiiday release, heavy promotion Cinema verite A French term for truth film. A documentary style that records fragment of everyday life Documentary The creative treatment of actuality; interprets reality by recording real people and settings Golden Age of Radio By 1930, living rooms are filled with music, drama, comedy, variety, quiz shows and news Hollywood Ten Ten members of the movie industry investigated by government committee as communist sympathizers Mass media channel Newspapers, books, magazines, radio, movies, television or the Internet Movie palaces Ornate, lavish single-screen movie theaters the emerged in the 1910s in the United States Multiplexes Contemporary movie theaters that exhibit many movies at the same time on multiple screens Narrative films Movies that tell stories. Introduced movies as a mass medium. Psycho The shower scene is considered one of the most iconic horror film sequences. Radio Act 1927 Radio stations required to operate in the public interest, convenience or necessity Ratings System (1967) A system to rate movies for age appropriateness Rebel Without a Cause This 1955 film was called a film featuring a challenging drama of today's teenage violence. Star Wars (1977) Changed the culture of the movie industry, impacted the culture and technical sides of moviemaking Studio system Early film production system that was sort of an assembly-line process of moviemaking Talk Radio Becomes the most popular format of the 1990s, especially on AM stations VHS format videocassette Video transformed movie industry, created a movie rental and purchase industry in 1972 Webcaster Settlement Act of 2009 saves Internet radio, allowing Webcasters to negotiate royalties directly with the music industry rather than paying for each song Drive time Between 6-9 a.m. and 4-7 p.m. when people are commuting to/from school or work Format radio Management, rather than DJs, controlled programming each hour Franklin D. Roosevelt First president to effectively use broadcasting to communicate with the public Payola Practice by which record promoters pay DJs to play particular records Top 40 Refers to the 40 moxt popular hits in a given week as measured by record sales Movies are a powerful vehicle culture, education, leisure and propaganda Ways movies have influenced real life: 1. Fight Club causes real fight clubs to start up across the United States 2. The Deer Hunter inspired "morons" to play Russian Roulette 3. Hunting decreased by half in the years immediately following the release of Bambi 4. Jaws hurt beach tourism around the world 5. Jaws transformed a once "deep sea fishing" industry into an industry going out to catch "Jaws." 6. Psycho made women afraid to take a shower 7. The 1993 movie "The Program" inspired teenagers to be stupid and die by lying down on the yellow line in the middle of the road while cars passed by them on either side -- it was to show bravery ------REVIEW THE FOLLOWING FOR QUIZ #3 Actualities Edited audio clips from people interviewed Cinematographer The person responsible for photographing the film D.W. Griffin Filmmaker who made "Birth of a Nation" in 1915; established film as an art form Feature length film Theatrical movie that runs more than one hour Film noir "Black film" that features dark, brooding characters, corrupt detectives and seedy side of the city Foley Recreating incidental sound effects (such as footsteps) in sync with the visual of the movie Independent film Film made by production companies outside the main Hollywood studios Orson Welles Boy genius who created panic "War of the Worlds" for radio, "Citizen Kane" in the movies Sound bite Short utterance that is catchy and designed to capture the media's attention Talkies Movies with sound, beginning in 1927 United Artists Movie studio creatd in 1919 by D.W. Griffin and three other Hollywood film stars Urban Cowboy Movie credited with boosting country music, leading to more radio stations to change formats Why do we watch movies? They allow us to escape; take us to places we've never been; open our eyes to new wonders Advertorial Display advertisement created to lool like a legitimate news article Boutique agencies In advertising, small regional ad agencies that offer personalized services Branding Creating a clear identity for a product, logo, trademark for the consumer Buried position Ad placed between other ads in a newspaper where the readers may not see it Campaign In advertising, a large number of ads stressing the same theme over a spceified period ot time Copyright Laws that require compensation for the use of property and information owned by others Defamation Harming the reputation of another by publishing false information Direct sponsorship TV program that carries the advertiser's name in the program title (Texaco Star Theater) Focus group A small-group interview technique with a moderator leading a discussion about a product or an issue Free Press/Fair Trial The right of the press to cover a trial vs. the rights of a person to a fair trial Gag rules Judicial orders that restrict trial participants from giving information to the media Jingle Recorded singing, usually of a station's call letters or an advertising slogan Joe Camel Cartoon character logo for Camel cigarettes; teen smoking Camels rose sharply Logo Copyrighted symbol used to represent a corporation, companyor individual NY Times v Sullivan 1964 case that established the standard for libel of public officials, eased media restrictions Off the record Information given to media that source does not want media to reveal where it came from PMRC Parents Music Resource Center - key in bringing about labeling of objectionable music Prior restraint Courts and government can't block publication or speech before it actually occurrs Product placement Advertisers pay for their products to be featured/shown in movies or on TV shows Pseudo polls Unreliable, typically call-in, online or person-in-the-street polls used to address a question of the day Selective exposure People expose themselves to the media messages that are most familiar to them Selective retention People retain the messages that confirm the values and attitudes they already hold Shield laws Laws intended to protect journalists from legal challenges to their freedom to report news Spam By 2010, spam email ads accounted for more than 85% of all e-mail volume Stamp Act 1765 Levied tax on all legal documents including newspapers and books. Repealed in 1765. Story board Series of drawings depicting the key scenes in TV ad. Also used in movie production. Subliminal advertising Hidden or discuised print and visual messages that register in the subconscious Tobacco Ads Cigarette ads were banned from television (1971); tobacco industry agreed to government ruling Tobacco Ads 1998, tobacco ads on billboards were banned; tobacco industry reached settlement with several states Truth An absolute defense against libel. Statement is not libel if it can be proven to be true. Section 315 1934 Communications Act - during elections, broadcast stations must provide equal opportunities and response time for qualified political candidates ------REVIEW THE FOLLOWING FOR QUIZ #4 Al Jazeera Largest and most viewed Arabic-language satellite news channel from Qatar, now in US Al Jolson Starred in the film "The Jazz Singer" which ushered in sound and a new era of Hollywood Altamont Outdoor rock n roll music concert in 1969 that signaled the end of the 1960s Andrew Hamilton Attorney for John Peter Zenger, argued citizens have right to criticize government officials Benjamin Day Publisher of New York Sun, he ushered in era of the Penny Press Benjamin Harris 1690 prints the first colonial newspaper (Publick Occurrences) in Boston Brian Lamb Founder of C-Span in 1979, creatd network to present unfiltered coverage of government Chubby Checker Created the dance craze "The Twist," received the first Grammy award in 1961 D.W. Griffin Filmmaker who made "Birth of a Nation" I 1915, established film as an art form Edward R. Murrow Journalist who set the standard for excellence on TV during TV's golden age Elvis Presley Most important force in development of rock n roll; merged several musical types and forms Georges Melies Early Frence filmmaker who pioneered use of of special effects in the movies Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852 - her book "Uncle Tom's Cabin" became the first blockbustr in US book publishing Horace Greeley Pioneered editorials, used his newspaper to fight social ills, said "Go west young man" Ivy Lee Founder of modern public relations James Gordon Bennett Founder of NY Herald, started financial page, editorial and public affairs reporting in press Johannes Gutenberg Developed process of movable type which revolutionized printing industry and helped it grow John Campbell Boston postmaster, created Boston News-Letter in 1704, paper was "published with authority" Little Richard Laid foundation of rock n roll music format; original "wild man" of rock n roll Mary Shadd Cary First African-American woman to edit a weekly newspaper (Province Freeman in Canada) Matthew Brady Photographer of 19th century who took portraits and photographed Civil War battlefields. Nellie Bly Elizabeth Cochrane - pioneering newspaper woman in 1800s, wrote for Pulitzer; went around the world Rupert Murdoch Built one of world's largest media empires - News Corp; now owns Fox News in the US Steve Jobs The driving force behind the Apple computer revival, iPod and iTunes Ted Turner Founded CNN in 1980, offering round-the-clock news on cable television Vanilla Ice First rap artist to hold No. 1 on pop charts, record was ther for 21 weeks Walter Crokite Started on CBS-TV in 1958, know as the "most trusted man in America" Mark Zuckerberg Facebook CEO USA Patriot Act Grants powers to law-enforcement to intercept individuals' online communication Net neutrality Every Web site and user has the right to the same Internet network speed and access James Baldwin Essayist, journalist whose writings made a significant contribution to the civil-rights movement Carl Bernstein Washington Post reporter in early 1970s who broke the Watergate scandal along with Bob Woodward Herbert Block (Herblock) Washington editorial cartoonist who coined the term "McCarthyism" Margaret Bourke-White Photographer who was one of the first women to report on wars; photos published in Live magazine William F. Buckley Jr Editor, columnist and TV host who founded the National Review in 1955 Truman Capote Novelist who wrote "In Cold Blood," one of the most respected words of "new journalism" Joan Didion Literary journalist who helped invent "new journalism" in the 1960s and whose articles became standard texts in many journalism departments W.E.B.DuBois Editor, journalist best known for articles "The Souls of Black Folk," and for columns on race 1910-1934 Clay Felker In 1968 launched New York magazine and help invent a widely imitated style of magazine journalism Frances FitzGerald Journalist who published one of most influential critiques of Vietnam War, "Fire in the Lake" ------