Geologic Formations of Eastern Oregon 14
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
BULLETIN 73 GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS OF EASTERN 0REGO EAST OF LONGITUDE 121° 30' STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES 1972 STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLO GY AND MINERA L INDUSTRIES 1069 State Offi ce Bu ilding Portland, Oregon 97201 BU LLETIN 73 GEOLO GIC FORMAT IO NS OF EA STER N OR EGON (EAST OF LO NGITUDE 121°30') John D. Beaul ieu Oregon Department of Geology and Minera l Industries 1972 GOVERNING BOA RD Fayette I. Bristol, Rogue River, Chai rman R. W. deWeese, Portland William E. Mil ler, Bend STAT E GEOLOGIST R. E. Corcoran CONTENTS Introduction Acknow l edgments 2 Geologic For ma tions 3 Ma ps 59 Correlation Charts 66 Bibliogra phy 69 i i GEOLOG IC FO RMAT IO NS OF EAST ER N OR EGON (EAST OF LO NGITUDE 121°30'} By John D. Bea ulieu Geo logist, Oregon Department Geology and Minera l Industries INTRODUCTIO N It is the purpose of this publication to ful fill the need for a complete and comprehensive discussion of the formations of Oregon east of longitude 121° 30'. Together with Bulletin 70 dealing with the geologic formations of Oregon west of longitude 121 ° 30' it provides a ready geol ogic reference for those doing research in the state. The distribution, ithology, age, and strotigrophic rei otionships of approximately 100 formations ore discussed. In addition,I a list of references accompanies the discussion of each of the geologic units. Owing to the localized occurrences and poorly understood character of the numerous informal rock units in eastern Oregon, however, only a few of the more significant ones are treated in detail . It is evident that most of central and eastern Oregon is in need of more detailed mapping. Specif ical ly, the late fvliocene and Pliocene rocks of southern and eastern Oregon, the Pal eozoic rocks of central and northeastern Oregon , and the Triassic rocks of northeastern Oregon ore poorly understood. Neve rtheless, mapping in recent years, especia lly in northeastern Oregon, is beginning to clarify some of the regional stratigraphic relationships . Three correlation charts based on 16 local ities (indicated on an accompanying index mop} are incI uded. In addition, a fairly complete bib iography of the more recent published and unpublished geologic literature of eastern Oregon is providedI . A series of index mops keys many of the references containing geologic mops to their geographic localities. It is hoped that this pub icotion wil l serve to consol idote and clarify present thought regarding the I stratigraphy of central and eastern Oregon . It is further hoped that it wil l promote much research,criti co l thought and discussion, which in turn will lead to greater understanding of the geology in the future. GEOLOGIC FORtv\A.TIONS OF EA STERN OREGON 2 AC KNOWLEDGMENTS In the preparation of this bul l etin the writer received help from many individuals, for which he is grateful. Office and field discussions with Dr. Keith Oles and Dr. Harold Enlows, both of Oregon State University, were invaluable to the interpretation of many of the Tertiary units of eastern Oregon. Likewise , the comments of George Walker were invaluable in developing an understanding of the over all geology of the area. Dr. Tracy Vallier of Indiana State University provided much of the information on the Pre-Tertiary geology of the Snake River Canyon. Discussions with Howard Brooks and Norman Wagner of the Baker Office of the State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral I ndustries added much to the author's understanding of the geology of northeastern Oregon. Extensive communications with Howard Brooks, in particular, contributed a great deal to the author's understanding of the Pre-Te rtiary units in that area. Also appreciated are the comments and suggestions of numerous other geologists with experience in eastern Oregon, inc uding Dr. Harold Prostka of the United States Geol ogical Survey, Dr. Ewart Bal dwin of the UniversiI ty of Oregon, and Raymond Corcoran, State Geologis·t and head of the State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral I ndustries. 3 GEOLOGIC FORMAT IO NS OF EA ST ERN ORE GO N ALDRICH MOUNTAIN GROUP Discussion: The Aldrich Mountain Group was erected by Thayer and Brown (1966a) and consists of a conformable sequence of Late Triassic and Early Jurassic sedimentary rocks exposed on the south limb of the Aldrich M ountain anticl i ne. In ascending order the inc I uded formations are the: Fields Creek Forma tion, Laycock Graywacke , Murderers Creek Graywacke, and Kell ers Creek Shale. More complete discussion is provided under those terms . The relationship of the Aldric h Mountain Group to the Mesozoic section of Dickinson and Vigrass (1965) to the south in the Suplee-lzee area is uncl ear, but most certainly complex . The Aldrich Moun tain Group predates the Mowich Group and correlates roughly with the Graylock Formation . It probably is situated stratigraphically above the Brisbois and Begg Formations . AlVORD CREEK BEDS (FORMAT ION) Original description: The term Alvord Creek Formation was originally applied by Ful ler (1931) to expo sures of light-colored tuffaceous sediments along the east base of Steens Mountain between Cottonwood and Toughney Creeks. In view of the uncertain stratigraphic re l ationships of the exposures, use of the informal term Alvord Creek beds is recommended here . lithol ogy: The Alvord Creek beds are poorly exposed and consist of light-colored tuffaceous mudstone and shale with subordinate conglomerate locally. Bedding is well defined and the strata dip westward at low angles . According to Baldwin (oral communication, 1971) rocks belonging to the Alvord Creek beds are fractured and more deformed than some of the younger deposits with which they are sometimes confused. Contacts: The stratigraphic boundaries of the Alvord Creek beds are concealed by talus and the rel ation ship of the unit to other units is unclear. According to Walker ( oral communication, 1971) the beds rest upon beveled eastern portions of the fault block which makes up Steens Mountain. As such the strata represent upfaulted valley deposits that originally were deposited against the east face of Steens Mountain. An alternative interpretation is prese nted by Baldwin (1964) , who fee ls that the Alvord Creek beds dip beneath the Steens Mountain Vol canic Series and interfinger with the Pike Creek Formation. Age: leaves recovered from beds assigned to the AI vord Creek beds have been variously dated as Miocene (Fuller, 1931) , early Pliocene or younger (Axelrod, 1957) , and middle Pliocene (Wolfe, in Wi l kerson, 1958). Walker (oral communication , 1971) maintains that rocks assigned a radiometric age of 21.3 mil lion years by Evernden and James (1964) should not be assigned to the Alvord Creek beds, but rather should be viewed as a flow in the lower part of the Steens Mountain Volcanic Series. References: Avent, 1969 Fuller, 1931 Baldwin , 1964 Wal ker and Repenning, 1965 Evernden and James , 1964 Wilkerson, 1958 Fryberger, 1959 Wil l iams and Compton, 1953 ANTELOPE FLAT BASALT Original description: Kittleman and others (1965) defined the Antelope Flat Basalt and designated exposures located southeast of the Owyhee Reservoir in central Malheur County. (SE� SW� sec. 12 , T. 25 S. , R. 41 E.) as the type locality. 4 GEO LOGIC FORMATIONS OF EA STERN OREGON Distribution: The Antelope Flat Basalt is widely exposed in the Western Crowley and easte rn Owyhee Reservoir districts. Lithology: The unit consists of a maximum of 300 feet of py roxene basalt and subordinate interbedded volcanic sandstone . The basalts are microporphyritic, intergranular, and olivine poor. Four distinct flows are present. Contacts: The A ntelope Flat Basalt rests on Miocene rocks and is stratigraphical ly equivalent to the Grassy Mountain Formation, from which it is separated on the basis of its geographic location and dif fe ring petrography. Age: Hemphil l ian (early Pliocene) vertebrates are reported at the base of the unit. References: Kittleman and others, 1965, 1967. BASEY MEMBER (OF SNOWSHOE FORMATION) Original description: The Basey member was first described by Dickinson and Vi grass (1965� who desig nated the type locality as sees. 1, 12, 13, T. 18 S. , R. 25 E. in the vicinity of Basey Ranch at the head of Camp Creek in the Suplee-l zee district of central Oregon. According to them, rocks assigned to the Basey member were originally assigned to the Hyde Formation by Lupher (194 1) on the basis of their lithologic similarity to the type Hyde Formation located to the east. (See Mowich Group and Hyde Formation.) Distribution: The Basey member is widespread in the Pine Creek downwarp situated northwest of the western part of the Mowich anticline and also in the adjoining structural lows west and southwest of the Mowich anticline. Lithology: The unit consists of up to 2,500 feet of hard, massive marine volcaniclastic rocks interbedded with andesitic lava . The volcaniclastics consist primarily of dark-gray to blue-gray sandstone co mposed of 30 to 50 percent plagioclase and 40 to 70 percent zeolitized rock fragments with minor amounts of augite, ca lcite and quartz. Texturally the volcanic lastics ra nge from slightly reworked marine tuffs to stratified sandstones, mudstones, and sil tstones. Two porphyritic to aphanitic flows of andesite with an aggregate thickness of 300 feet are wide spread in the western part of the Suplee area and grade laterally into flow breccias local ly. Flinty, aphanitic tuffs also occur sporadically in the Basey member. The lithology of the coarse vol canicl astics is remarkably similar to that of the type Hyde Formation, but the presence of small amounts of bright red or orange shards is diagnostic.