DOCSLIB.ORG

A Brief History of the Eastern Cape High Court, Bhisho a Complete Law

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Brief History of the Eastern Cape High Court, Bhisho a Complete Law SA JUDICIARY100 YEARS OLD members of the Eastern Cape Mthatha Bench Endnotes had been elevated to higher courts: 1 The then Republic of Transkei is one of the four Judge Madala - to the Constitutional Court; apartheid South Africa’s independent Bantustan states known as TBVC states. Though declared Judge Somyalo - as Judge President of the independent by South Africa, the TBVC states did greater Eastern Cape Division; not obtain international recognition. (The states were a component of the apartheid’s ‘Divide and Judge Jafta - to the Supreme Court of Appeal Rule’ policy.) As early as 1973, a Transkei High and later to the Constitutional Court; and Court was established; it had the status of a pro- (Ms) Justice Maya – to the Supreme Court of vincial division and was led by a Judge President. 2 The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court Appeal. of Transkei enjoyed an equal status in the then Republic of Transkei as that of the pre-1994 Re- Jurisprudential impact of public of South African Appellate Division sitting our court in Bloemfontein. 3 There was no JSC then. In the pre-1994 South The division has delivered and still continues Africa judges were appointed by the State Presi- to deliver decisions that are reported in the dent. Blacks were not appointed to the Bench, and invariably all the seconded judges were South African Law Reports. These judgments white. An exception was in the late 1980s when have had an impact in the greater jurispru- Judge Dumbutshena, previously a judge in Zim- dence of South Africa.4 Given its geographical babwe, was seconded to the Appellate Division Acting Deputy Judge President XM Petse, of the Supreme Court of Transkei. location the court deals mainly with general 4 Mthatha The following are but a few of the latest influ- civil matters, criminal law and customary law. ential decisions to have emanated from the divi- 5 sion: Sithonga vs Minister of Safety and Security SZ Peko - acting Judge President; and Despite its size , the division is arguably the & Others 2008 (1) SACR 376 (Tk), Magobodi vs XM Petse - the current acting Deputy Judge busiest of all the Eastern Cape divisions. Its Minister of Safety and Security & Another 2009 President. legal practitioners are often appointed as act- (1) SACR 339 (CC); Qaukeni Municipality vs FV Trading 2010 (1) (SA) 356 (SCA) Though a small division in comparison with ing judges throughout the High Courts and 5 The number of judges permanently appointed to the other divisions in South Africa, several Labour Court of South Africa. the division are less than ten. A brief history of the Eastern Cape High Court, Bhisho By CTS Cossie and TM Ntsaluba, Bhisho Bar The Eastern Cape High Court, Bhisho, appointed to head commissions of inquiry court are the following: formerly known as the Supreme Court of during their tenure, namely Judges Heath, • Zantsi v Council of State, Ciskei, and Others Ciskei, was established in September 1981 White and Pickard. Other judges of the divi- 1995 (4) SA 615 (CC); under the leadership of the late DS de Wet as sion went on to head other courts, namely • Mati v Minister of Justice, Police and Prisons, Chief Justice. Judge Tshabalala (as Judge President of the Ciskei 1988 (3) SA 750 (CK); The seat of the court at that time was KwaZulu-Natal Division, now known as the • Steenkamp NO v Provincial Tender Board, in Zwelitsha, a township just outside King KwaZulu-Natal High Court, Pietermaritzburg, Eastern Cape 2006 (3) SA 151 (SCA); William’s Town in the Eastern Cape. Zwelitsha and KwaZulu-Natal High Court, Durban, • Poswa v Member of the Executive Council for was the administrative capital of the erstwhile respectively) and Judge Peko (as acting Economic Affairs, Environment and Tourism, Ciskei homeland which was soon to be granted Deputy Judge President of the Transkei Eastern Cape 2001 (3) SA 582 (SCA); ‘independence.’ The court was housed in the Division, now called the Eastern Cape High • Eastern Cape Provincial Government and homeland administration’s Department of Court, Mthatha). Others v Contractprops 25 (Pty) Ltd 2001 (4) Justice. Judges L van den Heever and B de The court is now known as the Eastern SA 142 (SCA); V Pickard served on the Bench during that Cape High Court, Bhisho, and Judge • Guzana v Council of State, Republic of Ciskei era with the latter serving as Deputy Chief Dhlodhlo is its acting Deputy Judge President. 1993 (2) SA 445 (CKA); • S v Ncanywa 1993 (2) SA 567 (CKA); Justice. The current dispensation is that the Eastern • Bongopi v Chairman, Ciskei Council of State The court moved from those humble Cape Province has four High Courts all of and Others 1993 (3) SA 494 (CKA). beginnings to the present court building which fall under one Judge President, Judge situated in Bhisho on 27 of January 1984. CM Somyalo. They are the Eastern Cape By then Judge Pickard was the Chief Justice. High Court, Bhisho, the Eastern Cape High The court then had an Appellate Division Court, Grahamstown, the Eastern Cape High A complete on which Rabie, Galgut, Van Winsen and Court, Port Elizabeth, and the Eastern Cape Diemont JJA served. High Court, Mthatha. Law Library Other judges of this division who have The court boasts the unrivalled history of over the years contributed immensely to the having hosted the trial of a sitting ‘Head of required for jurisprudence and growth of this court – State’ in the matter of S v Gqozo and Another mainly after the reincorporation of the home- cash 1994 (2) SA 756 (CK) in which a claim to land into South Africa on 27 April 1994 – immunity from prosecution by the incumbent were M Claasen, WH Heath, VEM Tshabalala, was dismissed. CS White, AEB Dhlodhlo, Y Ebrahim, ZS Peko Contact: E Coll at Some of the other important decisions (deceased), D Van Zyl and CT Sangoni. of the court or decisions of other (appeal) 082 569 0472 Some of the judges of this division were courts in matters that originated from the 52 advocate April 2010.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IN the HIGH COURT of SOUTH AFRICA EASTERN CAPE DIVISION, PORT ELIZABETH CASE NO: 231/ 2017 Dates Heard: 25 & 26 April 2018 D
    SAFLII Note: Certain personal/private details of parties or witnesses have been redacted from this document in compliance with the law and SAFLII Policy IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA EASTERN CAPE DIVISION, PORT ELIZABETH CASE NO: 231/ 2017 Dates heard: 25 & 26 April 2018 Date delivered: 3 July 2018 In the matter between N S (born A) Plaintiff And A S Defendant JUDGMENT GOOSEN, J. [1] This is an action for divorce in which the principal issue to be determined concerns the cash component of maintenance payable by the defendant. Prior to the commencement of the trial the parties reached agreement in relation to the primary care of the minor children born of the marriage. The parties also reached agreement in relation to the appointment of a receiver to effect the division of the joint estate. [2] The parties were married to each other in community of property on 25 March 2012. There are two children born of the marriage, both girls, aged 4 years and 1 year, respectively. The children are in the primary care of the plaintiff. Maintenance of the minor children is presently regulated by an interim order made by this Court, pursuant to Rule 43 on 7 December 2017. In terms of that order, Page 2 the defendant pays maintenance of R5 000.00 per month per child in addition to certain non-cash amounts relating to educational and medical related expenses of the children. [3] In her particulars of claim the plaintiff claims payment of R6 500.00 per month per child. The defendant’s plea contains a tender of payment of the amount of R3 500.00 per month per child.
    [Show full text]
  • LEGAL NOTICES WETLIKE KENNISGEWINGS 2 No
    Vol. 651 Pretoria 20 September 2019 , September No. 42714 ( PART1 OF 2 ) LEGAL NOTICES WETLIKE KENNISGEWINGS 2 No. 42714 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 20 SEPTEMBER 2019 STAATSKOERANT, 20 SEPTEMBER 2019 No. 42714 3 Table of Contents LEGAL NOTICES BUSINESS NOTICES • BESIGHEIDSKENNISGEWINGS Gauteng ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Eastern Cape / Oos-Kaap ................................................................................................................. 14 Free State / Vrystaat ........................................................................................................................ 15 Limpopo ....................................................................................................................................... 15 North West / Noordwes ..................................................................................................................... 15 Western Cape / Wes-Kaap ................................................................................................................ 15 COMPANY NOTICES • MAATSKAPPYKENNISGEWINGS Western Cape / Wes-Kaap ................................................................................................................ 16 LIQUIDATOR’S AND OTHER APPOINTEES’ NOTICES LIKWIDATEURS EN ANDER AANGESTELDES SE KENNISGEWINGS Gauteng ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • In the High Court of South Africa (Eastern Cape Division, Grahamstown)
    IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA (EASTERN CAPE DIVISION, GRAHAMSTOWN) Case No. 3917/17 In the matter between WINGS PARK PORT ELIZABETH (PTY) LTD and MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AND TOURISM, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT AND OTHERS Plasket J: [1] Wings Park Port Elizabeth (Pty) Ltd (Wings Park) applied to review a decision to refuse it environmental authorisation for the construction and operation of a private airfield in the Kragga Kamma area of Port Elizabeth. It has cited the MEC for Environmental Affairs and Tourism in the Eastern Cape provincial government (the MEC) as the first respondent, and three persons opposed to its proposed development as the second, third and fourth respondents. Only one of them, Mr Raoul van der Merwe, the second respondent, opposes the application, and he does so together with the MEC. Background [2] Wings Park was incorporated for the purpose of developing and operating a members- only airfield for recreational pilots. To this end, it purchased land in the Kragga Kamma area, to the west of Port Elizabeth. This area is described in the papers as a peri-urban area. It purchased this land, according to Dr Russell Phillips, one of Wings Park's directors (and the deponent to the founding affidavit), after a 'detailed assessment of other available options', all of which were found to be unsuitable for one reason or another. [3] The need for the new facility arose as a result of Wings Park's shareholders, all of whom are recreational pilots, finding that it had become increasingly difficult to pursue their chosen past-time from the existing facilities in Port Elizabeth – the Port Elizabeth International Airport and the Progress Aerodrome.
    [Show full text]
  • DRAFT IDP Attached
    BUFFALO CITY METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY 2019/20 DRAFT INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN REVIEW “A City Hard at Work” Third (3rd) Review of the 2016-2021 Integrated Development Plan as prescribed by Section 34 of the Local Government Municipal Systems Act (2000), Act 32 of 2000 Buffalocity Metropolitan Municipality | Draft IDP Revision 2019/2020 _________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Content GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS 3 MAYOR’S FOREWORD 5 OVERVIEW BY THE CITY MANAGER 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 SECTION A INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 15 SECTION B SITUATION ANALYSIS PER MGDS PILLAR 35 SECTION C SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 217 SECTION D OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES, INDICATORS, 240 TARGETS AND PROJECTS SECTION E BUDGET, PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS 269 SECTION F FINANCIAL PLAN 301 ANNEXURES ANNEXURE A OPERATIONAL PLAN 319 ANNEXURE B FRAMEWORK FOR PERFORMANCE 333 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ANNEXURE C LIST OF SECTOR PLANS 334 ANNEXURE D IDP/BUDGET PROCESS PLAN FOLLOWED 337 ANNEXURE E WARD ISSUES/PRIORITIES RAISED 2018 360 ANNEXURE F PROJECTS/PROGRAMMES BY SECTOR 384 DEPARTMENTS 2 Buffalocity Metropolitan Municipality | Draft IDP Revision 2019/2020 _________________________________________________________________________________ Glossary of Abbreviations A.B.E.T. Adult Basic Education Training H.D.I Human Development Index A.D.M. Amathole District Municipality H.D.Is Historically Disadvantaged Individuals AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome H.R. Human Resources A.N.C₁ African National Congress H.I.V Human Immuno-deficiency Virus A.N.C₂ Antenatal Care I.C.D.L International Computer Drivers License A.R.T. Anti-Retroviral Therapy I.C.Z.M.P. Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan A.S.G.I.S.A Accelerated Shared Growth Initiative of South Africa I.D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Buffalo City Municipality State of Energy Report Table of Contents
    BUFFALO CITY MUNICIPALITY SSSTTTAAATTTEEE OOOFFF EEENNNEEERRRGGGYYY RRREEEPPPOOORRRTTT J28015 September 2008 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Importance of Sustainable Energy to BCM South African cities are key players in facilitating national sustainable energy policy and legislative objectives. The 15 largest cities in South Africa take up 3% of the country’s surface area, and yet they are responsible for 40% of the country’s energy consumption. This means that cities must play a major role in facilitating the achievement of national sustainable energy targets (for example the national target of 12% energy efficiency by 2014). Buffalo City, being among the nine largest cities in South Africa, and the second largest in the Eastern Cape, must ensure that it participates in, and takes responsibility for, energy issues affecting both its own population, and that of the country as a whole. Issues associated with the availability and use of energy in South Africa and the Eastern Cape are more pressing than ever before. Some of the more urgent considerations are related to the following: Climate Change: Scientific evidence shows without doubt that the earth’s atmosphere has been heating up for the past century (global warming), and that this heating is due to greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of the fossil fuels (such as coal and oil products) from which we derive our energy. Some impacts of climate change that scientists have predicted will affect Southern Africa (including BCM) are: • More disasters related to severe weather events; • Longer and drier dry periods, leading to drought; • More runaway fires; • More intense flooding; • Sea-level rise; • Threats to food security and human health; • Loss of biodiversity; • Water supply problems; and • Related economic impacts Climate change is already causing negative impacts on people and ecosystems in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • SUPERIOR COURTS ACT 10 of 2013 (Gazette No. 36743, Notice
    (28 February 2014 – to date) SUPERIOR COURTS ACT 10 OF 2013 (Gazette No. 36743, Notice No. 615 dated 12 August 2013. Commencement date: 23 August 2013 [Proc. No. R36, Gazette No. 36774]- with the exception of sections 29, 37 and 45 and Items No. 11 of Schedule 1 and No. 1.1 of Schedule 2) OFFICE OF THE CHIEF JUSTICE Directive: 3/2014 RENAMING OF COURTS IN TERMS OF SECTION 6 OF THE SUPERIOR COURTS ACT NO 10 OF 2013 Government Notice 148 in Government Gazette 37390 dated 28 February 2014. Commencement date: 28 February 2014. By virtue of the powers vested in me in terms of section 8 of the Superior Courts Act, 2013 (Act no 10 of 2013) (the Act) I, Mogoeng Mogoeng, the Chief Justice of the Republic of South Africa, hereby issue the following directive: The Act created a single High Court, with various divisions constituted in terms of section 6 of the Act. In this regard all court processes in the High Court shall be headed in accordance with the Act; and all court processes shall be as headed as follows: (a) "IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA" EASTERN CAPE DIVISION, GRAHAMSTOWN (b) "IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA" EASTERN CAPE LOCAL DIVISION, BHISHO (c) "IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA" EASTERN CAPE LOCAL DIVISION, MTHATHA (d) "IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA" EASTERN CAPE LOCAL DIVISION, PORT ELIZABETH (e) "IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA" FREE STATE DIVISION, BLOEMFONTEIN (f) "IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA" GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA Prepared by: Page 2 of 2 (g) "IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA" GAUTENG LOCAL DIVISION,
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Built Environment Performance Plan 2017/2018
    DRAFT BUILT ENVIRONMENT PERFORMANCE PLAN 2017/2018 Draft 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………............................................................................6 PROFILE OF THE BUFFALO CITY METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY ............................................................................... 6 SECTION A ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9 A.1. BEPP IN RELATION TO OTHER STATUTORY PLANS .............................................................................................. 10 A.1.1. BCMM Documents: .......................................................................................................................................... 11 A.1.2. National and Provincial Documents: .............................................................................................................. 11 A.1.3. Aligning the BEPP with IDP, MGDS, BCMM SDF and Budget ................................................................. 12 A.1.4. Confirmation of BEPP Adoption by Council ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. SECTION B : SPATIAL PLANNING &PROJECT PRIORITISATION ...................................................................................... 14 B.1. SPATIAL TARGETING ............................................................................................................................... 14 (a) The National Development Plan
    [Show full text]
  • (Eastern Cape Division, Bhisho) Case No
    1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA (EASTERN CAPE DIVISION, BHISHO) CASE NO: 451/2016 In the matter between: THANDIWE ROSEMARY MXOLI Applicant and THE MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, EASTERN PROVINCE 1st Respondent THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE 2nd Respondent ________________________________________________________________ JUDGMENT ________________________________________________________________ MAGEZA AJ [1] Applicant in this matter seeks reinstatement as an educator in terms of Section 14(2) of the Employment of Educators Act 76 of 1998 (‘the EEA’) and places 2 reliance on an order of this Court granted under Case 517B/07 on 18 June 2013. The said section reads as follows: “14(2) If an educator who is deemed to have been discharged under paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (1) at any time reports for duty, the employer may, on good cause shown and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this act, approve the reinstatement of the educator in the educator’s former post or in any other post on such conditions relating to the period of the educator’s absence from duty or otherwise as the employer may determine” The Order of Court dated 18 June 2013 [2] The chronology set out in applicant’s heads follows on an order granted by the honourable Smith J dated 18 June 2013 under an earlier Case Number 571B/07. The order came about as a result of review proceedings under the said case number in which relief based on Section 14(1)(a) of the Employers Educators Act 76 of 1998 (the Act) was sought by applicant against the respondents.
    [Show full text]
  • In the High Court of South Africa (Eastern Cape
    REPORTABLE IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA (EASTERN CAPE DIVISION, GRAHAMSTOWN) In the matter between: Case No: 47/2014 THEMBANI WHOLESALERS (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED Appellant And BRIAN MZWANELE SEPTEMBER First Respondent BHELEKAZI PORTIA SEPTEMBER Second Respondent Coram: Chetty, Makaula JJ and Brooks AJ Heard: 17 June 2014 Delivered: 26 June 2014 Summary: Practice – Jurisdiction – Eastern Cape High Court, Grahamstown – Extent of – Superior Courts Act 10 of 2013 – Legislative intent – Court exercising jurisdiction over entire geographical area of Eastern Cape Province ________________________________________________________________ JUDGMENT ________________________________________________________________ Chetty, J Page 2 of 19 [1] This is an opposed application for summary judgment (the application) which, ordinarily, is heard before a single judge in the unopposed motion court. Quintessentially, the defence raised is one of jurisdiction. According to the particulars of claim, the principal place of business of both parties to the lis is in Ngqamakwe, an area over which the Eastern Cape High Court, Mthatha, exercises jurisdiction. This court has however, for reasons which will become apparent in due course, been specially constituted pursuant to the provisions of s 14 (1) (a) of the Superior Courts Act 10 of 2013 (the Act), to primarily determine whether the Eastern Cape High Court, Grahamstown, has the requisite jurisdiction to adjudicate upon the application. The resolution of the jurisdictional challenge necessitates an analysis of the relevant legislative framework as a precursor to determining the merits of the application. Jurisdiction [2] The balkanization of South Africa by the apartheid regime was pertinently redressed in the founding provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution), which proclaimed that “the Republic of South Africa is one, sovereign, democratic state .
    [Show full text]
  • Buffalo City Metro Municipality Socio Economic Review and Outlook, 2017
    BUFFALO CITY METRO MUNICIPALITY SOCIO ECONOMIC REVIEW AND OUTLOOK, 2017 Buffalo City Metro Municipality Socio-Economic Review and Outlook 2017 Published by ECSECC Postnet Vincent, P/Bag X9063, Suite No 302, Vincent 5247 www.ecsecc.org © 2017 Eastern Cape Socio Economic Consultative Council First published April 2017 Some rights reserved. Please acknowledge the author and publisher if utilising this publication or any material contained herein. Reproduction of material in this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission from ECSECC. Buffalo City Metro Municipality Socio-Economic Review and Outlook 2017 Foreword ECSECC was founded in July 1995 as an institutional mechanism for partnership between government, business, labour and the NGO sector to address underdevelopment and poverty in the Eastern Cape. The local government sector and the higher education sector joined ECSECC in 2003. ECSECC’s mandate of stakeholder co-ordination and multi-stakeholder policy making stems from the realization that Government cannot defeat poverty, unemployment and inequality on its own, but needs to build deliberate and active partnerships to achieve prioritized development outcomes. ECSECCs main partners are: the shareholder, the Office of the Premier; national, provincial and local government; organised business and industry; organised labour; higher education; and the organised NGO sectors that make up the board, SALGA and municipalities. One of ECSECCs goals is to be a socio-economic knowledge hub for the Eastern Cape Province. We seek to actively serve the Eastern Cape’s needs to socio-economic data and analysis. As part of this ECSECC regularly issues statistical and research based publications. Publications, reports and data can be found on ECSECCs website www.ecsecc.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Profile: Buffalo City
    2 PROFILE: BUFFALO CITY PROFILE: BUFFALO CITY 3 CONTENT 1. Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………….3 2. Introduction: Brief Overview ............................................................................. 6 2.1 Location ..................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Historical Pesperctive ................................................................................................................ 6 2.3 Spatial Status ............................................................................................................................. 7 3. Social Development Profile ............................................................................... 8 3.1 Key Social Demographics ........................................................................................ 8 3.1.1 Population ............................................................................................................. 8 3.1.2 Race, Gender and Age ........................................................................................ 10 3.1.3 Households ......................................................................................................... 10 3.2 Health Profile .......................................................................................................... 11 3.3 COVID-19 .............................................................................................................. 11 3.4 Poverty Dimensions ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • In the High Court of South Africa Eastern Cape Division
    IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA EASTERN CAPE DIVISION – GRAHAMSTOWN CASE NO: CC 93/2011 In the matter between: STATE and MICHAEL HUTE Accused ____________________________________________________ SENTENCE ____________________________________________________ MAGEZA AJ: 1 [I] In this matter the accused has been found guilty by this court on one count of rape of his minor daughter who was 7 years of age at the time. At the outset, it is appropriate that this court expresses its appreciation for the commendable efforts of a non-governmental agency named the National Association of Child and Youth Care Workers Association situate within the Alexandria area. This Youth Care Workers Association employs one Ms Nomzikazi Cynthia Geleba, whose commendable selflessness led to the discovery of the victim’s predicament. [2] This court in convicting Mr Hute of the rape, commented that Ms Geleba’s work involves going door to door within the community assessing each family’s state of means or levels of poverty. Her work includes assessing possible instances of the abuse of children and women in the local households. She knew the family of the victim and they lived in a two roomed shack in Jikololo Street, Kwa-Nonkqubela Township in Alexandria. She was also familiar with the victim’s parents including the unemployed mother, one Kaytie Du Plessis, herself (as was Mr Hute), unfortunately an honeybrew beer– ‘Iqhilika’ addict. [3] The dire existential reality of this family has already been canvassed in the principal findings of this court. She said there are a significant number of poor households in the area where this young bright victim and her parents live and that her parents are addicted to ‘Iqhilika’, (honey- brewed beer) which they drink and acquire from different places within the community all the time.
    [Show full text]