National Park Service Grand Teton U.S. Department of the Interior Grand Teton National Park John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway

Emergency Dial 911 www.nps.gov/grte A Grand Vision – Grand Teton National Park 4Park Information 307 739-3300

Yellowstone National Park South Entrance GRAND TETON

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e Absarokee Battlefeld Memorial 287 National Monument k i 191 Ennis 78 a m 89 Big Sky 212 n Bridger Parkway 5 Dillon . S 7 Red Lodge 72 310 Gardiner Cooke City 212 120 Lovell 287 14A 296 Powell 14A 87 310 14 Maud Noble Cabin West Cody 16 1 Yellowstone 16 14 Greybull 20 20 20 14 Yellowstone Lizard Creek National Park 47 Meeteese John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Ashton National Memorial Parkway Worland 32 191 89 120 16 287 Grand Teton National Park 20 33 Moran Junction Rexburg 20 33 26 Victor 89 191 Dubois Thermopolis 26 31 287 Idaho Falls 22 Jackson 26 20 26 JEDEDIAH 16 mi 15 26 191 89 26 26 Shoshoni SMITH 287 Riverton 2 Signal Mountain Summit 89

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n so il e River Rd. Kelly Lower Laurance S. Rockefeller Preserve W tr e River n tr Slide Lake Crystal Creek e n Let John D. Rockefeller, Jr. be your guide. Explore the places that tell of e s Ve s V o Gr 7 mi s o o o r Gros Ventre G M Red Hills Jackson Hole 4.5 mi North Airport how Mr. Rockefeller helped protect Grand Teton National Park and many Teton Village NATIONAL

Gros Ventre 0 1 Kilometer 5 Junction ELK REFUGE 390 0 1 Mile 5 To Idaho Falls others. The Rockefeller family’s commitment and generosity stemmed Trail Ranger station Distances are shown between markers

5 mi Campground 26 Unpaved road No motorhomes or trailers Coal Creek 22 89 on the Moose-Wilson Road Wilson between markers 191 Turnout or overlook Lodging Teton Pass from a belief that nature had the power to “nurture the human spirit.” 8431ft Jackson

A Rockefeller Road Trip The natural world inspired a 12 year-old John D. Superintendent of Yellowstone Horace Albright, Rockefeller, Jr. when his family visited Yellowstone hosted the family, providing an itinerary and a National Park in 1886. They traveled by train to the guide. However, he was instructed not mention park entrance near Gardiner, MT and toured the park business or hint at any fnancial needs. major attractions bycarriage and horseback— the geysers, Grand Canyon of Yellowstone River and Knowing the land would speak for itself, Albright Mammoth Hot Springs. suggested the family travel south of Yellowstone to experience the majesty of the Teton Range. This John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and family Never forgetting his experience, Rockefeller trip changed Rockefeller and the course of history ca. 1922; (L to R): Laurance, Abby brought his three oldest sons – John III, Nelson for Grand Teton National Park. (daughter), John III, Abby (wife), David, Winthrop, John Jr., Nelson. and Laurance – to visit Yellowstone 1924.

Maud Noble Cabin Maud Noble frst came to Jackson Hole as a For others, it fueled anti-park sentiments that “dude,” a wealthyeasterner experiencing the continued for 52 long years. 1 cowboy life. She fell in love with the area and in 1918 purchased and operated Bill Menor’s THE PLAN homestead and ferry. As earlyas 1897, people proposed expanding the south boundary of Yellowstone National Park On July26, 1923, Maud Noble hosted an historic to include Jackson Hole. The participants of the meeting. Prominent business owners and local meeting at Maud Noble’s cabin recognized the ranchers, along with Yellowstone Superintendent value of preserving wildlife and the beauty of the Horace Albright, gathered to discuss the changing valley, but did not want government control. character of Jackson Hole. They wanted to protect the valley from further development and preserve They developed what would become known as their traditional way of life. the “Jackson Hole Plan.” The plan’s goal was to purchase private lands in the valley and “turn the Menors ferry with car on board. In 1929, Congress set aside 96,000 acres as the entire Jackson Hole back to nature as the greatest A replica of the ferry exists today. original Grand Teton National Park—a signifcant scenic and wildlife preserve on the face of the victory for preservation. For some, the designation Earth.” (Horace Albright) There was only one did not ofer enough protection for the valley. problem with the plan: who could raise the money.

Signal Mountain Summit In 1926, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. returned with his Albright to compile maps of the valley’s private wife and three younger sons—Laurance, Winthrop properties and determine their cost. Albright 2 and David. This time Horace Albright personally was ecstatic. The Jackson Hole Plan had fnancial guided them into Jackson Hole with a grand plan support. Another 24 years of controversypassed in mind. before this dream became a reality.

Albright took them to a viewpoint much like the John D. Rockefeller, Jr. said although Horace Signal Mountain summit. This inspiring spot Albright saw the Jackson Hole Plan as a “dream” overlooked the valley and the towering Teton he saw it as an “ideal project.” As he wrote in Range. As they watched a moose graze in the glow a letter to Albright, it was an opportunity to of the sunset, Albright related the details of the protect “the marvelous scenic beauty of the Teton plan developed at Maud Noble’s cabin. Mountains and the Lakes at their feet, which are John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (left), wife seen at their best from the Jackson Hole Valley Abby (center), and Superintendent Albright later said he hoped Rockefeller “might and the fact that this Valley is the natural and Woodring (right) on a visit to fnd in the awesome majesty of its snow-clad necessarysanctuary and feeding place for the Jackson Hole. mountains and the peace of its verdant valleys, game which inhabits Yellowstone Park and the refreshment of body and inspiration of spirit.” surrounding region.” As the family prepared to leave, Rockefeller asked

EXPERIENCE YOUR AMERICA™ Signal Mountain Summit THE COVER UP Through the Snake River Land Company (continued) John D. Rockefeller, Jr. established the Snake River Rockefeller purchased nearly 35,000 acres and Land Company to purchase private lands on his spent more than $1.4 million. Today, to purchase behalf. He understood that if people found out a this amount of land in Jackson Hole would cost Rockefeller was behind the purchases, land values over $1 billion. would infate and people might resist selling.

Lunch Tree Hill at Rockefeller met resistance when he tried to “your recreation privileges in Jackson Hole Jackson Lake Lodge donate his land to the federal government. Locals will be practically at an end.” Challenges to the opposed government control; the US Forest designation ensued. Wyoming Congressman 3 Service disliked the idea of turning lands over to Frank Barrett introduced a bill to abolish the the National Park Service; and Wyoming ofcials Jackson Hole National Monument and it passed worried about losing tax revenue. both the House and Senate. President Roosevelt, however, vetoed the bill. In 1942, a discouraged Rockefeller wrote a letter to Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes THE PROTESTS threatening to sell his land. The threat spurred Eager to show their opposition, armed ranchers action. In 1943, under the Antiquities Act, drove 500 cattle across the newly established President Roosevelt designated Jackson Hole Jackson Hole National Monument in 1943. National Monument protecting federal lands of the valley foor along the base of the Teton Range. Wyoming Governor Lester Hunt threatened Snake River Land Company to remove “any federal ofcial who attempts headquarters (a.k.a. Buffalo Many saw the designation as a victory, but anti- to assume authority in the monument area.” Dorm). park expansion forces mobilized. They had not The state of Wyoming fled a lawsuit against the anticipated the national monument option, and monument, challenging the constitutionality of the controversy grew more bitter. the presidential proclamation. When the suit was dismissed, Congress voted instead to block Transfer of land ownership to the National Park funding for the monument. Service provoked several vindictive deeds. Prior to transferring their property to park staf, the US The national monument caused so much tension Forest Service gutted buildings, and placed a dead that Congress passed a law barring further use of skunk in one. the Antiquities Act in Wyoming. A law that still applies today. Protestors drive cattle across Jackson Hole National Monument. An unsigned letter circulating at the time warned

John D. Rockefeller, Jr. In 1949, a compromise agreement to expand the Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). The GYE is Memorial Parkway park prompted Rockefeller to fnally convey his the largest intact natural area in the lower 48 gift of 32,117 acres to the government. states containing important wildlife habitat and 4 migration corridors. On September 14, 1950, Rockefeller’s “ideal project” became reality when President Harry A CHANGE OF HEART YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 1872 Truman signed the law establishing present- As time passed, some of those who had originally day Grand Teton National Park. The park now opposed the creation and expansion of the park included the original 1929 park, most of the 1943 came to embrace the idea. Former Wyoming national monument, and Rockefeller’s gift. Governor, Cliford Hansen, who led a protest against the Jackson Hole National Monument, In 1972, the John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial later stated he was glad he had lost that fght. JACKSON HOLE Parkway was established to commemorate Mr. NATIONAL Imagine this landscape without protection. . . GRAND TETON Rockefeller’s “many signifcant contributions to MONUMENT Subdivisions, strip malls and billboards might NATIONAL the cause of conservation in the United States.” 1943 obscure your view. Because of the eforts of PARK Rockefeller traveled south from Yellowstone on many people, such as John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and 1929 this road in 1924 and 1926 to visit the area. Horace Albright, this place retains grandness. The Parkway establishes an historical link between A valley covered in fragrant sagebrush with John D. Rockefeller, Jr.’s frst experiences in abundant wildlife, towering peaks and sparkling Yellowstone and his eforts to protect Jackson glacial lakes provide that “refreshment of body Hole. Perhaps more importantly, the Parkway and inspiration of spirit” that Horace Albright links Grand Teton and Yellowstone national hoped Rockefeller might fnd. parks— protecting land in the heart of the Greater

Laurance S. Rockefeller In 1932, the Snake River Land Company purchased Rockefeller Preserve and is open to the public. Preserve the JY Ranch. Tucked away on the shores of Phelps Lake, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. decided to keep this Laurance’s goal for the Preserve was to refect 5 land for family use rather than donate it to the the vision he shared with his father, to “not only federal government. give generously, but also that people should live in harmony with nature.” At the presentation This summer retreat remained in the Rockefeller ceremony on the ranch in 2001, Laurance said, family until 2007 when Laurance S. Rockefeller, “For 75 years, the majestic property has been son of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. donated the preserved for our family, and I am gratifed that last 1,106 acres of ranch lands to the National henceforth it will be preserved for the American Park Service. This land is now the Laurance S. people.”

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