thethe DutchDutch offshoreoffshore windwind energyenergy programmeprogramme We@SeaWe@Sea 20042004 –– 20082008

European Policy Workshop on Offshore Jos Beurskens Deployment Berlin, 22-23 February 2007 thethe We@SeaWe@Sea programmeprogramme

•• InitiatedInitiated byby majormajor stakestake holdersholders andand submittedsubmitted toto BsikBsik •• We@SeaWe@Sea isis aa consortiumconsortium ofof 2929 membersmembers •• CoCo--financedfinanced byby thethe DutchDutch governmentgovernment MM€€ 1313 (45%)(45%) thethe We@We@SeaSea consortiumconsortium

R&D Establishments offshore technology energy consultants: • ECN Wind Energy • Ballast Nedam • Kema • TNO • Fabricom • Econcern (Ecofys) • TU-Delft • Fugro Engineers BV • WMC BV • IHC GustoMSC energy sector • Lloyd’s Register NL • Lloyd’s Register NL • Delta Nuts BV environment, nature • ENECO & safety project developers • Nuon • Imares/Bureau Waardenburg • E-connection, • Statkraft • Greenpeace • Econcern (Evelop) • TenneT • Stichting de Noordzee • Shell Wind Energy BV • University Twente logistics and harbour sub suppliers development manufacturers • Rheden Steel • STC • GE wind energy • NL financiers • Siemens • Siemens • NIBC Bank

5 candidate members RationaleRationale ofof thethe programmeprogramme

ToTo gaingain knowledgeknowledge neededneeded forfor XXLXXL implementationimplementation ofof windwind energyenergy onon thethe NorthNorth Sea.Sea. NationalNational WEWE targetstargets

TOW (Transition Platform Offshore Wind Energy): Reconsideration and re-evaluation of original objectives and instruments: Contribution of WE (mainly offshore) to electricity consumption: 10 – 15% by 2020 20% by 2030 50% by 2050 NetherlandsNetherlands inin perspectiveperspective

1990 1995 2000 2005

1978 – 1985 R&D At present: 23.3 MW S DK 417.4 MW NL 126.8 MW * GB 304 MW EIR 25 MW D 7 MW USA B

(*) + 120 MW by 2007 Total world: 903 MW OffshoreOffshore projectsprojects inin NLNL

OWEZ 108 MW, October 2006

Q7 120 MW, 2007 OffshoreOffshore projectsprojects inin NL:NL: OWEZOWEZ

• Shell-NUON • 36 x Vestas 3MW V90 Æ 108 MW • 10 – 18 km from the coast • 18 m water depth • Monopiles 70 m above sea level, 30 m into seabed • Total investment appr. M€ 260

• Status: in operation OffshoreOffshore projectsprojects inin NL:NL: Q7Q7

• E-Connection Æ Evelop • 60 Vestas 2 MW V80 Æ 120 MW • 23 km from coast • 19 - 24 m water depth • monopiles • Construction started (cables, towers) • Total investment appr. M€ 380

• Status: under construction The challenge

We need: 1. dedicated, economically feasible, large scale offshore wind energy plants (up-scaling, support structure, transport, installation and O&M concept, design, grid interface), which are compatible with the environment and nature and 2. are integrated in the electricity supply system. We@We@SeaSea researchresearch areasareas

M€ 0.7 M€ 5.7

M€ 7.2 M€ 4.1

integration & scenario’s M€ 1.3 M€ 1.2 M€ 4.3

We@Sea Σ = M€ 26 million 55 selectedselected projectsprojects fromfrom totaltotal ofof >> 2525

Development of environmental effects monitoring equipment Grid (inter)connection of offshore wind farms (E-Connection)

Bird collision detection ECN Birds flight detection radar TNO

80

70 60 50 40 30 Holland (º) Holland 20

Cumulative effects parken vanaf Hoek van 10 zichthoek van de zichtbare 0 (TNO) 12345678910 Parken

12345678910 0 -2 -4 O & M Cost Estimator (ECN) -6 -8 -10 -12

(FMECA format) (ha) zandbodem Maintenance logs of 5 N80’s serve as -14 levensgemeenschap update of corrective maintenance frequency permanent verlies aan -16 1. Vision angle from Hook of -18 Parken Holland 25

2. Permanent loss of sea 20

bottom habitat 15

10 3. Gain of hard substrate winst aan substraat (ha) habitat 5 levensgemeenschap hard 0 Blade 12345678910 Parken Failure modes: - cracks in skin - local damage -…..

Failure causes: - lightning -overload -…..

PhD@Sea: 8 PhD’s at TU Delft and 1 at UT addressing various issues across whole programme ...... andand somesome otherother projectsprojects

1. multi functional wind farm concepts (e.g. mussel production) 2. very large rotor blades (PhD@Sea) 3. dedicated offshore wind turbine concepts (PhD@Sea) 4. design tools (structural dynamics, frequency domain analysis) 5. wind farm control strategies 6. sea floor morphology (PhD@Sea) 7. effects of wind farms on sea mammals, birds, benthos, fish 8. grid stability, balancing (and its economic consequences) 9. optimised integrated foundation and installation methods 10. offshore access technology (PhD@Sea) 11. port development 12. O&M optimisation (incl. ‘cost estimator’) Learning?

Offshore WE cannot be represented in ONE leaning curve • Wind turbines ~D² • Foundations ~N • Transport & Installation ~ Vessel availability, T *• Financing cost ~ Risks Transport, Installation, Foundation: Standardisation needed ? Access technology: Standardisation needed ? Access technology: Ampelmann Sea bottom stability Project developer/owner Financial risks RiskRisk analysisanalysis Cable stability Endogenous risks Installation concepts asas thethe centralcentral Foundation concepts Management Design tools for turbines and farms Contractual themetheme ofof thethe Standards Installation Future & Multifunctional concepts Technical programmeprogramme End-of-life concepts Operational Wind farm as power plant

(Inter)connecting wind farms to grid

System stability

Grid stability

Safety (ships, labour) Exogenous risks Port development

O&M strategies

Force Majeure

= We@Sea subject Market distorsion Political

Insurance conditions Legal Scenarios

Communication Currency

Site data Inflation

Birds, Sea mammals, Wind & Waves Fish, Morphology Ecology/ Cumulative effects Environmental Ref.: Klaus Rave and others ExternalExternal environmentenvironment changeschanges (1)!(1)!

• Capex increases instead of decreasing: (risk perception, stressed market, steel & copper prices). >>> More emphasis on cost reduction via technology improvement (integral design, new concepts). Originally this was considered as the exclusive domain of the WT manufacturers.

• Mismatch between state-of-the-art know how and actual legal requirements, in particular EIA’s. >>> Translate R&D findings in recommendations for better procedures in particular IEA requirements. Originally Institutional aspects were excluded from the programme. ExternalExternal environmentenvironment changeschanges (2)!(2)!

• General applicable research results from other countries available. >>> Co-ordinate and avoid unnecessary duplications, particularly in the field of nature impacts.

• Knowledge about entire spectrum of offshore wind energy is widely dispersed. >>> Independent expertise centres (like We@Sea, D, DK, E, GB) essential to secure access to state-of-the-art knowledge and maximise learning. Present programme does not require extension of the initial proposal. ExternalExternal environmentenvironment changeschanges (3)!(3)!

• Governmental incentives and payment mechanisms have a huge influence on market development, both in negative and positive sense. >>> Benchmark and critically analyse the efficiency of various incentives implemented in different countries. Avoid contradictions and unwanted by-effects. Original programme excluded policy research. • General recommendation. >>> Allow time (> 1 year) for R&D consortia to mature and allow for easy changes of content and participations (compare IP’s of FP6 and FP7) ThankThank you!you!