Te One Kura Project Revitalising Agriculture in Our Southern Islands

GOVERNMENT OF THE COOK ISLANDS

TE ONE KURA PROJECT REVITALISING AGRICULTURE IN OUR SOUTHERN ISLANDS

JUNE 2010

Agriculture in the Cook Islands is in a state of decline, yet the import figures suggest a huge opportunity for growers to become part of an industry that could supply the tourism and Rarotongan market

Developed by the Central Planning/Policy Office of the OPM, Business Trade and Investment Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Mangaia, Atiu, Mauke, Mitiaro Island Administrations and Councils, and the Ministry of Infrastructure and Planning1

1 Members of Parliament of Oneroa, Ivirua, Tamarua, Mangaia, Mauke, Atiu, Mitiaro, Island Secretaries – Mangaia, Mauke, Mitiaro, Atiu, Mayors & Islands Councillors (Mangaia, Mauke, Mitiaro, Atiu), BTIP officers, OPM/CPPO, MoA, MOIP

CONTENTS

Report Summary, Request and Highlights ______3

Introduction ______4 OUR AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN THE GLOBAL SETTING ______4 THE DEMAND FOR VEGETABLES FOR THE MARKET ______5 THE DEMAND FOR MEAT FOR THE MARKET ______6

Strategic Plans and Directions ______7 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF EACH ISLAND ______7 Human Resources ______8 Managing Risks ______10

LABOUR ______10 MARKETING ARRANGEMENTS ______10 TRANSPORTING TO MARKETS ______10

Project Feasibility ______11

Recommendations to kick-start the project ______11 A plan for facilitating the project (the roadmap) ______12

APPENDIX

Appendix 1. ______15 Crop Production in the Outer Islands ______15 Appendix 2 ______17 Island Profiles and Summary of Island Agriculture Development Plans ___ 17 TE ONE KURA: MAUKE ISLAND AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK REVITALISATION PLAN ______17 TE ONE KURA: NUKUROA ISLAND AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK REVITALISATION PLAN ______19 TE ONE KURA: ATIU ISLAND AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK REVITALISATION PLAN ______23 TE ONE KURA: MANGAIA ISLAND AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK REVITALISATION PLAN ______28 Appendix 3COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF TE ONE KURA ______33 Appendix 4 THE CONSULTATION PROCESS ______34

References ______36

TE ONE KURA 2 JUNE 2010 Report Summary, Request and Highlights

This project aims to revitalise agriculture on the islands of Mangaia, Mauke, Mitiaro and Atiu, to cater for the tourism market mainly on Rarotonga. The objectives of the project also dovetail into the current Economic Development Strategy being finalised which aims at encouraging our people to produce and consume our own local food for a healthy lifestyle and economic growth.

There are a handful of growers throughout the country producing for the tourism market, but there still remains a large amount of vegetables and fruit brought in from New Zealand to meet the demands of the tourism industry and local market.

A 2008 FAO report on the demand for domestic fresh fruit, vegetables and livestock advises a gross value of $925,000 with much room for expansion given the imports of the same produce is double this amount. The same report showed that the hospitality industry and the Punanga Nui market consumes over half of the fresh produce that is sold in Rarotonga, confirming the significance the tourism sector has in the growth of agriculture.

In the years 2004 to 2006, over 599,000 metric tonnes of vegetables and fruits was imported to the country; the average value each year was over $1million.

The value of meat imported into the country has had an average increase annually over the period above by 14%, suggesting not only the increase in demand from the local market but especially from the tourism sector.

Between them, the Nga Pu Toru islands and Mangaia comprise over 50% of the land area of the Cook Islands, followed by Rarotonga and Aitutaki together with 35% of land area (km²). With land on Rarotonga, continually being taken up for domestic and tourist property development, the demand for planting land is becoming an issue and will dominate agriculture expansion discussions over the next development plan period. The significance of arable land in the southern group is receiving attention. Particularly in light of global discussions on food security which has encouraged leaders to look at greater investment in agriculture, more effective development aid and reforms to trade and domestic policies that will secure this objective.

Risks to the project include labour, transportation, and consistency of supply. Anticipated responses and strategies have been considered and will be pursued if required over the period. The fact that the local market has an immense capacity yet to be supplied is a tremendous incentive to island farmers.

Preliminary cost estimates seek $3.5 million (to be expended over 24 months) to recruit project management teams, begin the implementation of island agriculture plans, set up trial marketing, develop farming and livestock raising infrastructure, and to ensure that on-island activities do not lose momentum in the initial start up months of the project.

Table 1. Island by Island Project Funding Requirements Deliverables Mauke Mitiaro Atiu Mangaia Funding Sought Project Management 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 200,000 Storage Shed & Nursery 10,600 80,600 80,600 11,000 182,800

TE ONE KURA 3 JUNE 2010 Development Land preparing 37,000 27,000 45,000 25,500 134,500 Fencing and installation 154,700 60,000 180,000 432996 827,696 Planting, breeding 27,000 68,000 122,000 267900 484,900 (working capital support) Support to farm water 24,000 24,000 50,000 75591 173,591 Cool storage 40,000 40,000 40,000 115000 235,000 development Post harvest support 12,000 12,000 24,000 24,000 72,000 Itiki Development 45,000 45,000 ESTIMATED TOTAL 355,300 $406,600 $591,600 $1,001,987 $2,355,487 NGA PU TORU $1,353,500 NPT & MANGAIA $2,355,487

OVERALL PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION Overall Project Management 100,000 Transport links and support 282,000 Market links and support 150,000 Technical Assistance 150,000 Freight Support 300,000 Contingency 162,513 $1,144,513

Introduction

This project aims to revitalise agriculture on the islands of Mangaia, Mauke, Mitiaro and Atiu, to cater for the tourism market mainly on Rarotonga. The objectives of the project also dovetail into the current Economic Development Strategy which aims at encouraging our people to produce and consume our own local food for a healthy lifestyle and economic growth.

Being spread out, the climate and temperatures differ with Mangaia the southernmost being a few degrees cooler during the winter and summer months, and the Nga Pu Toru Islands being pleasant all year round.

Our agriculture sector in the global setting

The backdrop for our agriculture sector is shadowed by the global economic situation that is expected to remain tentative for another year or two. To an extent our shores have mainly been affected by the prices of goods that have been imported, and recently the marked drop in visitor numbers. Strong commodity supply responses in developed countries and much lower oil prices last year have assisted in keeping price levels moderate, however the continued weakening of major economies will affect the demand and price for produce.

Agriculture accounts for over 40% water use in the world, this usage will be challenged in the years to come as climate change affects planting and grazing areas. But the deeper issue is food security and this alone encourages greater investment in agriculture, more

TE ONE KURA 4 JUNE 2010 effective development aid and reforms to trade and domestic policies that will secure this objective.

Over the last five years, food and live animal imports from overseas has shown an average annual increase of about 6%. Current value of food and animal imports is around $35 million.

Table 2. Food Imports to the Cook Islands 05-09 Food & Live % Animals $million change 2005 27.8 2006 29.9 7.3 2007 27.7 -7.1 2008 32.7 17.9 2009 35.4 8.2 Source: Cook Islands Statistics Office

The Demand for Vegetables for the Market

Although there are a handful of growers throughout the country producing for the tourism market, there still remains a large amount of vegetables and fruit brought in from New Zealand to meet the demands of the tourism and local market.

In the years 2004 to 2006, over 599,000 metric tonnes of vegetables and fruits was imported to the country; the average value each year was over $1 million.

Table 3. Imports of Vegetables and Fruits to Cook Islands, Quantity and CIF Value 2004-2006 2004 2005 2006 CIF Quantity CIF Value Quantity CIF Value Description Quantity kg Value kg ($NZ) kg ($NZ) ($NZ) Edible Vege's & certain roots & tubers 144,159 836,671 221,216 820,459 251,331 781,659 Fruits and nuts 168,320 1,111,808 249,867 1,092,092 287,203 1,071,069 456,638 2,785,149 692,299 2,733,010 789,864 2,634,387 Source: Cook Islands Statistics Office

The types of vegetables (chilled or fresh) range from: tomatoes, onions, garlic, cauliflower, broccoli, lettuce, carrots, cucumber, turnips, beans, asparagus, aubergines, celery, mushrooms.

The types of fruits and nuts (chilled, fresh & dried) range from: cashew nuts, pineapples, avocadoes, mango, mangostene, oranges, clementines, lemons, limes, grapefruit, grapes, melons.

TE ONE KURA 5 JUNE 2010 A 2008 FAO report advises that the current annual domestic demand for local fruit and vegetable produce is estimated at 413 metric tonnes, with a gross value of $925,000. The report elaborates that this estimation is the minimum volume that could be supplied to the market, suggesting favourable room for expansion (Enoka,L. 2008).

Table 4 shows the main outlets that sell local produce. Clearly the hospitality industry and the Punanga Nui market demands over half of the fresh produce that is sold in Rarotonga. Table 4. Estimated local demand for fresh produce in Rarotonga (metric tonne and $) Market Outlet Estimated Estimated Estimated Intake of Market Gross Value Annual Size ($) Supply (metric tonne) (%) Hospitality Industry 46 191 $420,000 Punanga Nui Market 24 100 $170,000 Supermarket 21 85 $238,000 Village Shops 5 21 $51,000 Roadside Stalls 1 6 $22,000 Institution 3 10 $22,000 Total 100 413 $925,000 Source: Domestic Market Appraisal of Fresh Produce, FAO, 2008

The range of fresh produce surveyed above include: pineapple, melon (including watermelon), tomato, beans, lettuce, chinese cabbage, cucumber, rukau, herbs, cabbage, celery, capsicum, courgette, taro, kumara, cassava, tarua, yam, pawpaw, citrus, banana, pigs, eggs.

The Demand for Meat for the Market Table 5. Cook Islands Importation of Meat Products, Eggs, and Animal Feeds - Quantities and CIF Values

2004 2005 2006 CIF CIF CIF Value Description Unit Quantity Quantity Value Quantity Value ($NZ) ($NZ) ($NZ) Meat of Swine ( Pork) Fresh or kg 8,919 76,949 Chilled 8,380 80,612 13,378 115,754 Meat of Swine – kg 4,273 110,304 Processed 5,870 182,397 9,192 184,128 Meat of Goat Fresh, Chilled or kg 2,762 21,375 Frozen 2,296 18,132 3,745 24,242 Broiler Chicken kg 325,844 2,505,236 552,008 2,262,120 592,348 2,488,000 Eggs doz 1,232 88,517 32,462 243,443 39,481 647,507 Stock Feed kg 388,488 391,474 609,438 801,342 694,756 749,708 Total 731,518 3,193,855 1,210,454 3,588,046 1,352,900 4,209,339

TE ONE KURA 6 JUNE 2010 Source: Statistics Office Excluded from the above table are imports of meat of bovine (cattle) and sheep (lamb)

The value of meat imported into the country has seen an annual average increase over the period by 14%, confirming the growing tourism numbers and market.

Generally the country can be self sufficient in pork meat and eggs; the only factor holding this goal up is that producers have to rely on imported feed.

Strategic Plans and Directions

Island by island agriculture revitalisation plans have been prepared for each island. These plans are aligned with island strategic directions to guide island development over the next 5 years.

Comparative Advantage of Each Island

Appendix 1 provides an extensive list of what each island has comparative advantage to grow and produce. This list is not exclusive to each island, but is a starting point to developing a package island by island that will assist in kick-starting the project.

Table 6: A Summary of Each Islands Advantage to Produce Island Variety Available Atiu Fruits Pineapples All year Passionfruit Nov – May Coffee All year Banana (3 varieties) All year

Vegetables Cherry tomatoes April-October

Rootcrops Taro All year Yam June - Dec Mangaia Fruits Pineapples All year Oranges April - Sep

Vegetables Broccoli May-Oct Cauliflower May-Oct Celery May-Oct Capsicum May-Dec

Rootcrops Taro All year Yam June - Dec Mauke Fruits Avocado Almost all year Mango Year round Oranges/Mandarines April – Sep

Vegetables Snowpeas May-Oct Zucchini May-Oct Pumpkins May-Oct Beans May-Oct

TE ONE KURA 7 JUNE 2010 Melons All year

Rootcrops Sweet potato Year round Tarua Year round Mitiaro Fruits Lime (tiporo) April-Oct Banana (piere) All year

Vegetables

Rootcrops Pia (starch) All year

Human Resources

As Table 7 below advises, all islands have experienced severe depopulation. The agriculture sector requires labour and any moving forward of the project will need to attend to the issue of work force to develop and sustain this industry. Options available will need to consider the use of an artificial labour force for a period of time and the serious consideration of mechanising parts of the production process where it will be possible. For instance on Mangaia, the community suggested importing labour to assist in their endeavours to maintain their planting and exporting functions.

On the Nga Pu Toru islands, there is concern that labour to cultivate crops will be a problem. Currently youth and family members organise working group parties to assist subsistence and cash cropping efforts on these islands.

Table 7: Total Population and Land Area by Select Islands Census Cook Rarotonga Mangaia Atiu Mauke Mitiaro Year Islands Land area in square kilometre 236.7 67.1 51.8 26.9 18.4 22.3 Population 1902 8,213 2,060 1,541 918 370 165 1951 15,098 6,048 1,830 1,270 836 305 1961 18,406 8,676 1,877 1,266 785 307 1971 21,391 11,478 2,081 1,455 763 331 1981 17,736 9,530 1,364 1,225 681 256 1991 18,583 10,886 1,214 1,006 639 247 1996 19,059 11,225 1,108 956 652 319 2001 17,967 12,188 744 623 470 230 (1) 2006 19,502 14,153 654 572 393219 NOTE: (1) Preliminary results and is likely

to change

Table 7 shows how healthy numbers for these islands populations have been maintained from 1902 to 1971. This period corresponds with the level of economic activity and subsistence farming prevalent on the island. Less open to world trade and more

TE ONE KURA 8 JUNE 2010 dependent on developing and consuming their own resources, these select southern group populations enjoyed a stable existence, with population increases experienced from 1951 to 1971. The largest increase in population has been in 1971, perhaps when the country was at the height of many agriculture planting schemes at the time, since then the population (from the four islands) has dwindled annually by about 4.2%.

These figures are alarming and highlight the urgency to reverse or avert the trend to migrate. Clearly the periods for these islands when economic production, trade and agriculture were prolific also supports the observation that a good number of people stayed on the island to work in the existing industries at the time. Pineapple, taro and root crops and goat farming are some of the crops and livestock that have enjoyed some successes on the Rarotonga and overseas markets.

As mentioned above, developing this project will require a revision of how these islands have been producing for export and production. Their island strategic plans advise that the island residents will have to think seriously about bringing in labour to support the development and expansion of agriculture production.

In terms of current work force, the 2006 census confirms the above trends in terms of depopulation.

Table 8: Resident Employed in the Southern Group (excl Aitutaki) by Principal Employer, 2006 Total Resident Self- Population Total Resident Employed Public Service Private employ 654 Mangaia Resident Employed 167 107 14 40

% of South 13.9 24.0 3.5 13.7 572 Atiu Resident Employed 145 90 34 16

% of South 12.1 20.2 8.5 5.5 393 Mauke Resident Employed 102 56 20 19

% of South 8.51 12.56 4.99 6.51 219 Mitiaro Resident Employed 64 54 2 4

% of South 5.34 12.11 0.50 1.37 Source: Cook Islands Statistics Office, Census 2006

The percentage of resident employed to total resident population of each islands averages about 27 percent of the total populations on each island being employed in either a government, private, community or self employed position. For economic development purposes this is a very low percent of economically active population, further more less than half of these figures are employed in the private and self employed sectors which is a concern as agriculture development requires a sizeable workforce to ensure the development and maintenance of the project.

The consideration will be to source and/or transfer surplus labour resources in the public sector to the agriculture sector.

As the employees in the island administrations are ultimately responsible to the Island Secretary (bar those agencies that still report directly back to Rarotonga – for instance Education, Health, Police), there will need to be a directive from the Minister responsible

TE ONE KURA 9 JUNE 2010 for island administrations to allow the release of these island employees from their responsibilities into the agriculture revitalisation program.

Managing Risks

Labour

The work force on each of these islands is very small. This project requires labour. There is the suggestion to shift public servants not fully occupied in their areas of responsibilities to work in the agriculture sector and to support growers. This has been done to an extent in Atiu, where staff have been sent to assist in developing taro plots for farmers during their working hours. This may be an avenue to develop as the project gets underway.

In the past, and still practised on some islands today, there is a custom of pere vaere2. This custom involves members of extended families (and also with close friends) working together to complete a farming project for one line of the family and shifting to the next person in the family who has some significant planting or structural work to do until all members in the family have had their work completed by the larger family. Discussions have focussed on developing this system once again to work on each island, as well as to work between islands.

Marketing arrangements

Marketing arrangements on Rarotonga will need to be conducive to the initial starting up of this project, so that the farmers are not discouraged at the beginning. Trials will need to be staged over a period of 6 to 8 months until sizeable levels of production and harvesting generate the market size.

Start up and working capital assistance

Each farmer that participates in this project may need start up and working capital support to be able to develop the planting and grazing area. Support from the project is envisaged to assist start up in the first 12 months of farming activities.

Transporting to Markets Table 9: Air cargo to the Southern Group, 2008 (tonnes) In Out Aitutaki 295 34 Atiu 78 5 Mitiaro 39 5 Mauke 35 9 Mangaia 91 28 Source: Air Rarotonga, 2009

2 Game of weeding. TE ONE KURA 10 JUNE 2010

The unused outbound cargo space from the islands confirms the lack of economic activity in the islands while at the same time also confirms that there is space available for possible agriculture transportation to Rarotonga markets.

Feedback from airline officials has been positive. For instance, trials to transport Mangaia taro to the Rarotonga market have begun in 2009, and Atiu taro growers have been exporting their taro for over three years now to Rarotonga and further afield to New Zealand.

Market Interests

Feedback from major supermarket outlets on Rarotonga has been positive. Their involvement would rely on the supply of fruit and vegetables from the islands being available regularly and in good condition and quality.

Project Feasibility

The appended cost/benefit (Appendix 3) analysis provides a clear picture of the feasibility of this project and the expected contribution it will make to economic growth over the next 10 years.

The figures suggest that for the initial proposed investment of $3.5million, allowing the project to run its course, the returns today of the 10 year investment stream is $3.7 million. The cumulative base stream advises that full payback to the investment begins in year 5 when a positive return begins and increases thereafter.

Year Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Discount Factor 1.0000 0.9174 0.8417 0.7722 0.7084 0.6499 0.5963 0.5470 0.5019 0.4604 Discounted Flows - Costs -$1.5m $1.46m -$336,672 -$69,497 -$63,758 -$58,494 -$53,664 -$49,233 -$45,168 -$41,439 Benefits $0 $0.45m $486,359 $640,668 $904,436 $1,138,066 $1,058,884 $1,008,652 $925,369 $848,962 - Net -$1.5m $1,01m $149,687 $571,171 $840,678 $1,079,572 $1,005,220 $959,419 $880,201 $807,524 - - Cumulative -$1,5m $2,51m $2,408,604 -$1,837,433 -$996,755 $82,816 $1,088,037 $2,047,455 $2,927,656 $3,735,180

Appendix 3 also provides details on production estimates and cost streams. The benefit analysis is based on very conservative income streams, and thus suggests much more for expansion and growth.

Recommendations to kick-start the project

Step 1. Finalise the consultation process, and ensure buy in by all stakeholders. This was completed in April 2010.

Step 2. Finalise this document and prepare island by islands working plans to guide implementation over the first 18 months with a review of these plans in 12 months time to refine the approach and island programs and to set more of the work into the islands

TE ONE KURA 11 JUNE 2010 structures and practises. Final document completed 30th May 2010. Island working plans prepared 30th April 2010 (remain work in progress as project management and island interaction begins to firm up various components of each island plan).

Step 3. Secure finance and technical assistance to begin to implement the detailed island by island agriculture development plans and to continue to provide the on-island management of the implementation process for duration of at least 18 months. Send this document to ADB, MFEM, NZAid, FAO, and China. Work to secure a commitment of funding via the Economic Development Strategy and current (ADB) Economic Support Program which aims to provide economic stimulus to the country over the next 12 to 24 months. Funding will be essential to assist farmers in the start up and initial working capital stages. Securing technical assistance to provide support to project management and to assist in implementing island by island production plans within the next two months is crucial.

A plan for facilitating the project (the roadmap)

Fostering the environment

1. Community and interest group meetings to announce the initiative and to work with key growers to finalise a plan of action for all stakeholders. These meetings could include Raro-based market outlets, aronga mana, women, and growers. (Completed)

2. Agree on an approach to developing the startup, distribution, and access to planting materials, machinery, equipment and infrastructure support, and technical advice on each island. Develop a system to organise land clearing, seed purchasing, husbandry plans, and secure futures markets in Rarotonga to support their work. Dialogue with relevant government and airline and shipping representatives to secure a favourable transportation plan. Ensure full stakeholder support and buy in. Finalise an island by island plan for agriculture. (Completed)

3. Working alongside the on-island manager to agree over a period of 18 months the best mix and mode of vegetable and fruit production that will ensure fair to reasonable returns to the island’s growers. Technical assistance to provide key growers with options for their final consideration and endorsement, after any reviews and changes. (Pending confirmation of project managers for most islands).

4. Technical assistance support will be necessary for fostering the community and key grower support, and coordinating activities with transport and market partners. (ongoing)

Growing fruit and vegetables and raising livestock

1. Developing planting plans (which include: types of fruits and vegetables suitable to the tourism and Rarotonga market, and conducive to the four islands climate – e.g. strawberries, cauliflower, broccoli, garlic, onions,

TE ONE KURA 12 JUNE 2010 cabbages, melons, carrots, livestock raising plan and quotas based on marketing research and support to this industry etc. (Project Manager and Farmers) 2. Preparing the land, working with infrastructure and existing machinery on island to clear and till the soil and prepare and secure fencing plans. (Project Manager, Island Administration, and Farmers) 3. Technical assistance (on the islands, and Rarotonga) to assist growers identify the best mix of vegetables and fruit and livestock to raise to meet local and tourism demands. (Overall Project Manager, Project Managers)

Securing favourable transport and market links

1. Reviewing the economics of marketing fruit and vegetables and raising livestock. Using the best information agreed by island growers to negotiate with Government and transport providers a method of transportation to the markets. Developing a marketing link with interested and identified market outlets and operations on Rarotonga. (Completed) 2. Secure resource support to cover gaps in the transporting chain. 3. Technical support will be required.

Reviewing the trial period 1. Based on the firming up of good individual plans for crop and livestock production, outcomes begin replicating the positives and best practises with more agriculture producing families begin to firm up a long term agriculture plan for the islands (3 year plan) that they must begin to take over in terms of managing and maintaining. 2. Review by all key players/stakeholders.

An important assignment for the project managers that will be assigned to implement this project will be to ensure structures and methods of work and supply are developed and agreed on for3: • Materials and equipment supply, hire and support • Seeds and planting material supply • Market intelligence and information • Extension, information sharing, and inspection programs • Levels of monitoring • Funding, resources, and equipment support • Land development and information sharing • Transporting projections and updates

3 This list is not conclusive. TE ONE KURA 13 JUNE 2010 Table 10. A Proposed Funding and Resourcing Plan Activity Funding Who; supported by who4 Estimate

Fostering the environment

o Consultations/dialogue 20000 Completed: local funding (OPM/BTIB/MoA/MOIP o Finalising agreements 4000 MoA/BTIB/OPM/MOIP o Land preparation & farm 60000 MoA/MOIP planning o Sourcing seeds/planting material 60000 MoA/MOIP/OIDGF o Supporting any infrastructure 140000 OIDGF/MOIP/Mangaia and developments (water, access, etc) Nga Pu Toru Infra

o Confirming markets 150000 Private Sector/BITB o Technical Assistance support 150000 FAO/MOIP/MOAgri o Freight & other cost support 300000 Project Manager Overall SUBTOTAL 884000 Growing the vegetables and fruit & raising the livestock Project Managers, Island Farmers o Fencing 350000 Associations o Husbandry 700000 o Island fund and resource support 400000 o Credit support/ Working capital 500000 o Operations support (tractor and 250000 machinery) Transport & market links

o Consultations 12000 Project Managers, OPM/BTIB, • Plans & agreements 20000 Island Farmers • Transport link support 250000 Reviewing the trial Project Managers, OPM/CPPO o Stakeholder monitoring & 20000 evaluation o Refining the approach 10000 Contingency 80000 Project Managers, OPM/CPPO, MoA, BTIB, Island Farmers SUBTOTAL $3,476,000 Total Estimated Cost of Revitalisation Project $3,500,0005

4 Donor funding will be sought for the project, with each of the agencies recommended taking the lead in work activities using donor funding. 5 Not included: machine requirements for each island (i.e. tractors, slashing tools, front end hoes, etc). Some islands already have these machines. TE ONE KURA 14 JUNE 2010 Appendix 1. Crop Production in the Outer Islands Aim: To Supply the Markets of Rarotonga

Island Crop, Crop, Name Crop, Variety Supply Period (projected) Type Mangaia Fruits Pineapple MD2 Year-round (flower induction) Pineapple Ripley Queen November – February Citrus, orange Rarotonga seedless April – June Citrus, orange Late Valencia July – September Vegetabl Broccoli Prominence May – October es Cauliflower Snow queen, snow king May – October Celery Various May – October Capsicums King Arthur, Olga May – December Roots Taro Various Year-round Yams U’i Toka, Etene, Parai June – December

Mauke Fruits Avocado Hass May – September Avocado Fuerte November – April Avocado Reed Mango Rapa Year-round (flower induction) Mango Keow Sawoey Year-round (flower induction) Mango Oka Year-round (flower induction) Mango Ourepiho Year-round (flower induction) Citrus, orange Rarotonga Seedless April – June Citrus, orange Late Valencia July – September Citrus, mandarin Scarlet July – September Citrus, mandarin Beauty Citrus, mandarin Afourer Delite March – August Citrus, grapefruit Poorman, Golden special April – July Citrus, pummelo K15 Vegetabl Snowpeas May – October es Melons, rock Sunrise Year-round Squash, zucchini Blackjack May – October Squash, pumpkins Butternut, ButtercupMay – October Beans, climbing Shiny fardenlosa May – October Roots Sweet Potatoes Various Year-round Tarua Kuru Year-round

Atiu Fruits Pineapple MD2 Year-round Pineapple Champaka Year-round Passionfruit Local purple, Panama red November – May Coffee Arabica Year-round Banana Cavendish Year-round Banana Plantain (maoli) Year-round Banana Plantain (utu) Year-round Vegetabl Melons, honeydew Various Year-round es Cherry tomatoes Sweetie cherry April – October Roots Taro Various Year-round Yams African (D. rotundata) June – December

TE ONE KURA 15 JUNE 2010 Other Potential Crops

Sweet Tamarind Custard apple – African Pride Rambutan Litchi Persimmon Table type grapes Feijoa Jackfruit Guava Carambola Mangosteen, purple Mangosteen, yellow Dragonfruit/Pitaya Longan Chestnuts, Polynesia

Source: CI Ministry of Agriculture: Research Division, 2009

TE ONE KURA 16 JUNE 2010 Appendix 2

Island Profiles and Summary of Island Agriculture Development Plans

TE ONE KURA: MAUKE ISLAND AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK REVITALISATION PLAN Introduction

Background and Strategic Context Mauke is determined to direct its resources again into agriculture, tourism, marine and other income avenues to boost the economy of the Island and make it attractive to reduce outward migration flows and to provide its people with a better future to satisfy the island vision of ‘A standard of living and way of life founded on the traditions and values of our ancestors, steeped in Maukean origins and beliefs’.

In recent times also as the global economic downturn has become more apparent in the country, Government is keen to maintain a level of existence and economic activity in the island communities in line with the economic stimulus package adopted to encourage our people to stay on their islands, to assist in mainstreaming the island development efforts into the national economic growth engine (tourism), while at the same time safeguarding the uniqueness of their islands and environment.

Priority o Supporting the rejuvenation of at least 20 acres of fruit orchards. o Supporting the efforts of 6 interested vegetable farmers producing for the Rarotonga market o Supporting the efforts of 10 interested fruit and vegetable farmers producing for the Mauke market o Supporting the efforts of 6 committed goat farmers

Other related Projects This project will benefit from the following development projects already underway in Mauke: o The UNDP/Cook Islands Gov Community Centred Sustainable Development Project, which identifies 6 priorities (one of them being agriculture and fishing); o The NZAid/AusAid funded water reticulation and storage project; o Mauke Harbour rehabilitation (in the pipeline for 2010/2011)

TE ONE KURA 17 JUNE 2010 Project Objective To develop the capability of at least 10 Mauke growers to be able to produce and export fruit and vegetables to the Rarotonga local and tourism market by March 2011.

To develop the capability and improve the goat farming husbandry of 6 goat farmers to begin supplying the Rarotonga local and tourism market by March 2011.

Scope including key deliverables The project has the scope to provide: Technical advice and support daily to the growers and goat farmers Supervisory support readily available Land preparation and fencing gangs available in a timely fashion Market gardening supporting and plans available for individual growers Business advice and support available in a timely manner Nursery requirements for growers will be available Project management support will be available for the duration of the project Grant and startup funding to clear and fence lands and provide materials and equipment for plantings Marketing support in the first 12 months after production starts to begin developing marketing links and relationships with Rarotonga interested outlets Encourage inter-island support to labour, planting, equipment shortages to ensure planting targets are achieved

Major Deliverables

Deliverable 1: 20 acres of fruit orchards, maintained and producing fruit for Mauke and Rarotonga market in 2011/2012 Deliverable 2: Over 15 acres of vegetable production under cultivation and producing for the Rarotonga market Deliverable 3: Over 6 committed goat farmers providing quality goat meat for the Rarotonga market

Preliminary Schedule

Item Milestone Date Responsibility Project Manager Start: Now; Complete: Te One Kura Steering End of May 2010 Committee Storage Shed and Nursery Start: March 2010 Project Upgrade Complete: August 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Land preparing Start: March 2010 Project Complete: June 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Fencing ordering for Start: March 2010 Project goats and growing Complete: April 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Installing fencing Start: May 2010 Project Complete: July 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Initial planting Start: April 2010 Project Complete July 2010 Manager/MOA/Research

TE ONE KURA 18 JUNE 2010 Crop and livestock Start: April 2010 Project maintenance Complete: April 2011 Manager/MOA/Research Cool storage Start: May 2010 Project developments Complete: June 2010 Manager/MOA/Research/BTIB Marketing activities Start: June 2010 Project Manager/MOA/BTIB Completed: June 2011

Preliminary Resource and Cost Plan Deliverable/Milestone/Phase Resource Cost Project Management Project Manager 50,000 Storage Shed & Nursery Materials, labour, funds 10,600 Development Land preparing Equipment maintenance 37,000 and use and fuel, labour Fencing and installation Materials, supplies, labour, 154,700 transport, freight Planting, breeding and Materials, stock, fertiliser, 27,000 maintenance pesticides, labour, handtools, transport Support to water for growing Tanks, irrigation hose, 24,000 parts, supplies, handtools, labour Cool storage development Cool store, site 40,000 preparation, labour, management set up Post harvest support Bins, cardboard cartons, 12,000 stationary, distribution ESTIMATED TOTAL 355,300

TE ONE KURA: NUKUROA ISLAND AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK REVITALISATION PLAN

Background and Strategic Context Mitiaro Island’s participation in national agriculture development programs in the past has been intermittent. In the seventies, interventions in spice, duck raising and fresh lime development was introduced alongside the islands subsistence root, and fruit and vegetable crop production. In the late eighties a regional project, revived the cultivation of the islands ‘lady finger’ bananas: a local variety well known for the delicious ‘piere’ or dried banana it produced. Traditionally packaged in pandanus leaves, the piere can be preserved for very long periods of time.

Women’s handicraft production using the local pandanus leaves dried and processed, established some significance in the eighties as well. Mitiaro women also produce maire leis for export 6 months in a year.

Today public sector work and activities dominates the socio-economic environment and existence of the island population. Each household plants rootcrops, raises limited

TE ONE KURA 19 JUNE 2010 livestock (mainly pigs, goats and chicken) and harvests fruit and nut trees for subsistence, community, and island obligations. Commercial cash cropping does not exist. In recent times two island planters have produced vegetables for selling in the island market, but the sense of community exchange and subsistence living has competed with their desire to try and make a living from cash cropping.

Priority During the island consultations, the farmers identified the following crops as their competitive advantage and input into the tourism market on Rarotonga.

Nukuroa Resources Needed Issues/Concerns to deal Competitive with Advantage crops Vanilla TA support – Mitiaroan Storage Land preparation Processing shed Transport6 Communication for marketing purpose Renga/Ginger TA support Secure markets Land preparation Tiporo Pruning, replanting schedules Storage Fresh fruit and juicing Processing shed harvesting support Transport Equipment/machinery Communication for for juicing marketing purpose TA support (for marketing) Chiller/freezer for storage and marketing) (alongside processing shed) Maniota/Pia Processing equipment Storage Maniota (fresh) (commercial grater and related Processing shed equipment) Transport Processing shed (used also for Communication for other processing produce marketing purpose (piere) Equipment and machinery for packing (i.e. vacuum, canning, bottling, sacks etc) Maire TA to assist increase production Cooler storage and transportation Vegetables (sweet TA support (first for local corn, cabbage, market, excess offshore) capsicum etc) Planting schedules & planning Fencing (using local and netting method) Land preparation and

6 Air, sea, and land (Mitiaro & Rarotonga) TE ONE KURA 20 JUNE 2010 machinery support Chilli Land preparation and Storage machinery support Processing shed Fencing Transport Packing support Communication for marketing purpose Coconut (drinking, oil, Harvesting support Storage sauce) Processing support (alongside Processing shed development of processing Transport shed) Communication for marketing purpose Banana/Piere TA support to develop best Storage drying methods Processing shed Hot house/dryer (work Transport alongside processing shed Communication for equipment needs) marketing purpose Special packaging support (use Commercial dryer local and modern packing Securing markets methods to ensure long life, quality etc) Composting machinery Organic farming Duck Pilot (Te Mana Farm) TA support to start up pilot farm Itiki Funding support to develop Technical Assistance road to lake Funding support for fuel and Technical Assistance to assist in oil to develop the road developing the juveniles and Setting up a research project growing to adult to ensure the sustainable Preparing a management plan farming of itiki for itiki farming activities

Other related Projects This project will benefit from the following development projects already underway or being considered for implementation in Mitiaro: o The UNDP/Cook Islands Gov Community Centred Sustainable Development Project; o Mitiaro Harbour rehabilitation (in the pipeline for 2010/2011)

Project Objective To develop the capability of at least 15 Mitiaro farmers/growers units to be able to produce and export local delicacy fruits, nuts and vegetables to the Rarotonga local and tourism market by March 2011.

To develop the capability of at least three farming units to raise ducks to begin supplying the Rarotonga local and tourism market by March 2011.

TE ONE KURA 21 JUNE 2010 To explore the potential for itiki and prawn farming.

Scope including key deliverables The project has the scope to provide: Technical advice and support daily to the growers and duck farming units Supervisory support readily available Land preparation and fencing gangs available in a timely fashion Business advice and support available in a timely manner Nursery requirements for growers will be available Project management support will be available for the duration of the project Grant and startup funding to clear and fence lands and provide materials and equipment for plantings Marketing support in the first 12 months after production starts to begin developing marketing links and relationships with Rarotonga interested outlets Encourage inter-island support to labour, planting, equipment shortages to ensure planting targets are achieved

Major Deliverables Deliverable 1: 20 acres of fruit and spice orchards (lime, banana, vanilla, etc), maintained and producing fruit for Mitiaro and Rarotonga market in 2011/2012 Deliverable 2: Over 15 or more acres of vanilla under cultivation and producing for the Rarotonga market Deliverable 3: Two to three committed duck farming units providing quality duck meat for the Rarotonga market Deliverable 4: Research information on the itiki and prawn and how to farm it sustain ably.

Preliminary Schedule Item Milestone Date Responsibility Project Manager Start: Now; Complete: Te One Kura Steering End of March Committee Packing/Processing Shed Start: March 2010 Project and Nursery Upgrade Complete: August 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Land preparing and road Start: March 2010 Project access to lake development Complete: June 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Fencing ordering for ducks Start: March 2010 Project and growing Complete: April 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Installing fencing Start: May 2010 Project Complete: July 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Initial planting and Start: April 2010 Project research development Complete July 2010 Manager/MOA/Research work Crop and livestock Start: April 2010 Project maintenance Complete: April 2011 Manager/MOA/Research Cool storage developments Start: May 2010 Project Complete: June 2010 Manager/MOA/Research/BTIB Marketing activities Start: June 2010 Project Manager/MOA/BTIB Completed: June 2011

TE ONE KURA 22 JUNE 2010 Preliminary Resource and Cost Plan Deliverable/Milestone/Phase Resource Cost Project Management & TA Project Manager (and 50,000 support TA’s – Agriculture and Duck) Packing/Processing Shed & Materials, labour, funds 80,600 Nursery Development Land preparing Equipment maintenance 27,000 and use and fuel, labour Fencing and installation Materials, supplies, labour, 60,000 transport, freight Planting, breeding and Materials, stock (plant & 68,000 maintenance animal) , fertiliser, pesticides, labour, handtools, transport Support to water for growing Tanks, irrigation hose, 24,000 parts, supplies, handtools, labour Cool storage development Cool store, site 40,000 preparation, labour, management set up Post harvest support Bins, cardboard cartons, 12,000 stationary, distribution Itiki research and development Road access development, 45,000 research systems and program set up, working with community to develop sustainable management plan ESTIMATED TOTAL $406,600

TE ONE KURA: ATIU ISLAND AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK REVITALISATION PLAN

Background and Strategic Context Atiu is a raised volcanic island surrounded by steep makatea cliffs that rise 3-6 meters above sea level. Red volcanic inland soil is heavily wooded, with rolling hills rising to 72 metres above sea level. Valleys run east and west, and settlements are located on a plateau surrounded by swamps and a small lake. The narrow, fringing reef drops steeply to the ocean floor 4,500 meters below. Takutea which is an uninhabited 122 hectare island lying 21 kilometres off the coast of Atiu, is held in trust by the 3 Ariki and the 4 Mataiapo Tutara of Atiu as trustees for the people of Atiu.

TE ONE KURA 23 JUNE 2010 There are five villages: Teenui, Ngatiarua, Areora, Tengatangi, and Mapumai, located in the centre of the island. The total number of occupied dwellings in 2006 was 158, a decline of 1.9%, since 2001. The population has fallen fairly rapidly since 1991. The decline in population was especially apparent in the 15 -34 age group. As at February, 2009, there are 486 people on the island, according to the 2009 census.

Economic

Atiu has been well known in the past for the planting of pineapples and taro. Today, only taro is exported in any significant proportion. It is estimated that taro production will reach 400/6 tonnes a month by December 2009. A variety of vegetables and fruits are planted in family holdings, mainly for subsistence living. As has been proven in the past, Atiu has the potential to develop good quality agriculture products for local consumption and for export to Rarotonga to cater for the tourism and local market. Unused idle land makes Atiu a potential candidate to enter into commercial agriculture venture on a landowner/partnership investment arrangement.

Coconut oil is another product yet to be developed and to put Atiu in league with other pacific islands exporting this commodity to the European market and even for local use as bio fuel to reduce the cost of imported fuel.

Marine resources on the Census Population island are underdeveloped, with fishermen mainly Year fishing for family consumption and the island 1991 1,006 market. The 12 mile fishing zone allowed for the island’s 1996 956 fisherman are under utilised and has deep sea potential 2001 623 waiting to be developed commercially by the locals. 2006 572

In the tourism sector, Atiu has 54 beds, with only about 20% being occupied annually. There is a need for a market drive, with eco-tourism as the icon to encourage tourism on the island. Some products recommended for tourists are the display of local culture, development of handicrafts, carvings and art to meet current tourism demand. There is also potential in Takutea tours, for bird watching and game fishing.

The island hills are covered with a mixture of pine, albecia and acasia trees which are in need of trimming and being process to produce timber. The idea of a sawmill to cut down and process these trees into timber was highlighted on many occasions. There is already a privately owned sawmill on the island but it is under utilised.

Priority o Supporting the rejuvenation of at least 20 acres of fruit orchards; o Supporting the efforts of 49 taro farmers exporting their taro; o Supporting the efforts of 10 interested fruit and vegetable farmers producing for the Atiu and Rarotonga market; o Supporting the efforts of 13 committed goat farmers o Supporting the efforts of 7 committed duck farmers o Reviving pig stock lines in 6 committed pig farmers

TE ONE KURA 24 JUNE 2010 During the island meetings and consultations, the farmers identified the following crops and livestock as their competitive advantage and input into the tourism market on Rarotonga as well as for supply on the island.

Enuamanu Resources Needed Issues/Concerns to deal Competitive Advantage with crops & livestock Taro Transport (land) Freight support Freight support Pricing Packaging fencing Yam/Tarua/Kumara Transport Freight support /Maniota Freight support Pricing Packaging Vegetables (courgette, Seeds, land, machinery, Wandering animals capsicum, beans, chilli, fertilizer, pesticide, Overgrown forests, land ginger, cherry tomatoes, packing materials, water becoming smaller tanks, labour, transport, Land – off island versus on fencing, cement, finance, island owners cool storage, fencing Soil quality testing Fruit: pineapple, oranges, Organic farming support, Overgrown forests, land mango, avocado, seeds, land, advice; becoming smaller tamarind, longan, etc Land – off island versus on island owners Pigs Meat processing shed Quality standards Value added products Committed pig farmers Packaging and transporting Slaughter house to market Breeding stock Technical Support Goats Meat processing shed Quality standards Committed goat farmers Packaging and transporting Slaughter house to market Breeding stock Technical Support fencing Ducks Breeding stock Quality standards Technical Support Packaging and transporting Fencing to market 3 trial duck farms Local chicken/eggs For island consumption Food Processing/Adding Secured markets Securing long term markets value (starch, jams, Advice sausage etc) Packaging, processing

Other related Projects This project will benefit from the following development projects already underway in Atiu:

TE ONE KURA 25 JUNE 2010 o Taro exports initiated by the Growers Association on the island o Diversifying agriculture project through the Ministry of Agriculture (fruits and vegetables) o Upgrade of Atiu Power Station

Project Objective To develop the capability of at least 10 Atiu farmers to be able to produce and export fruit and vegetables to the Rarotonga local and tourism market by March 2011.

To support the efforts of at least 40 Atiu farmers to be able to produce and export taro effectively to the Rarotonga local and tourism market, and overseas by March 2011

To develop the capability and improve the goat farming husbandry of 13 goat farmers to begin supplying the Rarotonga local and tourism market by March 2011.

To develop the capability and improve the duck farming husbandry of 7 duck farmers to begin supplying the Rarotonga local and tourism market by March 2011.

To develop the capability and provide stock breeding and value-added opportunities for 6 committed pig farmers to be able to supply the Rarotonga local and tourism market consistently by March 2011.

Scope including key deliverables The project has the scope to provide: Technical advice and support daily to the growers and goat, duck and pig farmers Supervisory support readily available Land preparation and fencing gangs available in a timely fashion Market gardening supporting and plans available for individual growers Business advice and support available in a timely manner Nursery requirements for growers will be available Project management support will be available for the duration of the project Grant and startup funding to clear and fence lands and provide materials and equipment for plantings Marketing support in the first 12 months after production starts to begin developing marketing links and relationships with Rarotonga interested outlets Encourage inter-island support to labour, planting, equipment shortages to ensure planting targets are achieved

Major Deliverables Deliverable 1: 20 acres of fruit orchards, maintained and producing fruit for Atiu and Rarotonga market in 2011/2012 Deliverable 2: Over 15 acres of vegetable production under cultivation and producing for the Rarotonga market Deliverable 3: Over 13 committed goat farmers providing quality goat meat for the Rarotonga market Deliverable 4: Over 7 committed duck farmers providing quality duck meat for the island and Rarotonga market

TE ONE KURA 26 JUNE 2010 Deliverable 5: Over 6 committed pig farmers providing quality pork meat and attractive pork by-products for the island and the Rarotonga market.

Preliminary Schedule Item Milestone Date Responsibility Project Manager Start: Now; Complete: Te One Kura Steering End of April Committee Nursery Upgrade Start: April 2010 Project Complete: August 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Land preparing Start: April 2010 Project Complete: June 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Fencing ordering for Start: April 2010 Project ducks and growing Complete: April 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Installing fencing Start: May 2010 Project Complete: July 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Initial planting Start: April/May 2010 Project Complete July 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Crop and livestock Start: April 2010 Project maintenance Complete: April 2011 Manager/MOA/Research Cool storage Start: May 2010 Project developments Complete: June 2010 Manager/MOA/Research/BTIB Marketing activities Start: June 2010 Project Manager/MOA/BTIB Completed: June 2011

Preliminary Resource and Cost Plan Deliverable/Milestone/Phase Resource Cost Project Management & TA Project Manager (and 50,000 support TA’s – Agriculture and Duck) Nursery Development Materials, labour, funds 80,600 Land preparing Equipment maintenance 45,000 and use and fuel, labour Fencing and installation Materials, supplies, labour, 180,000 transport, freight Planting, breeding and Materials, stock (plant & 122,000 maintenance animal) , fertiliser, pesticides, labour, handtools, transport Support to water for growing Tanks, irrigation hose, 50,000 parts, supplies, handtools, labour Cool storage development Cool store, site 40,000 preparation, labour, management set up, operating costs Post harvest support Bins, cardboard cartons, 24,000 stationary, distribution ESTIMATED TOTAL $591,600 IMPORTANT ISSUES TO ADDRESS

TE ONE KURA 27 JUNE 2010

• Introduced forest. To set a plan to cull back damaging cassia, albesia and pine forests. Over the years the people have observed the impact these introduced species have had on their planting and swamp lands. It will be important to set up a short and long term plan to revise the forest and planting landscape, without major impacts on the environment. WHO: Atiu Island Government and Administration working with the people, Te One Kura Steering Committee, National Environment Services, and Ministry of Agriculture, and Ministry of Infrastructure. TIMEFRAME: Plan: 2 (?) month; Implementation: depending on final plan

Actions on Atiu underway: Is Admin has a program, to look at this (refer to island strategic plan)

Next Steps

Activity Who will do Timeline Finalise island growers Island 2 week group/associations that will participate in this project Identify project Island and Te One Kura 2 months manager/coordinator Steering Committee Identifying breeding stocks for Te One Kura Steering 2 months duck, goat Committee Finalising Enuamanu Te One Te One Kura Steering 6 weeks Kura full plan (including Committee and Island budget)

Discussion on growers association: the project to look at helping growers associations as well as committed family farmers,

TE ONE KURA: MANGAIA ISLAND AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK REVITALISATION PLAN

Background and Strategic Context Mangaia has enjoyed a consistent reputation for being one of the more productive and economic islands in the country.

Yet in recent times agricultural production in the Cook Islands has been on the decline, falling in real terms 18.1% to NZ$11.7 million from 2003-2007. Contributing to this decline has been a reduction in exports, which in 2007 totalled $117,000, the second lowest value in 30 years (2005 was lowest following the cyclones). This can be attributed to loss of preferential access to New Zealand, increase competition from Asia and South America, and more recently the cyclones in 2005, even the staples of pawpaw, noni and more recently maire have been affected. While efforts to reverse this trend have so far been unsuccessful, there does remain potential for the development of niche markets.

With domestic production falling, imports have increased to fill the gap, reversing this trend is the key to expansion in the industry. The push for import substitution is also

TE ONE KURA 28 JUNE 2010 supported by the current global outlook of rising food and transportation prices which enhances the sustainability and profitability of increased agricultural production which will also enhance food security.

The availability of land on Mangaia for agriculture production is still attractive as arable land is plentiful. However, in order to tap into this potential there will be the need to ensure that there is adequate infrastructure in place, particularly in the areas of water and transportation as there will need to be an efficient way to get goods to market.

Aside from infrastructure, there are a number of factors that will need to be attended to in order to increase agricultural production. The provision of information will be key to this in that farmers need to know; what crops can be grown, how to grow them and their potential yield. This information should be relayed through the extension services on the respective islands and the Ministry of Agriculture, including training. Further to this will be information relating to what crops are in demand including quantities, prices and how best to form relationships with buyers. The answers to these questions will be crucial for people in determining whether or not they participate in agricultural activities and for those already participating that they are growing the most profitable crops.

A Mangaia Development Summit held in 2009 identified that there was a place for agriculture on the island but not in the traditional sense, and that more effort and discussion would need to focus on tourism for growth with agriculture, fisheries, and crafts as inputs into that growth.

Priority During the island consultations, the farmers advised the following priorities.

Crops/livestock Resources Issues/concerns Ara/anani/vi/dragon Pesticide/fertiliser, processing plant, fruit water melon, machinery/equipment, machine spray anani , Water koka nursery Climate change Mamio Machinery/equipment, water tanks (project) Land preparation Tarua, maniota, ui Transport Broccoli, cauliflower, , Pesticide/fertiliser, tractor, mobile water tanks, Trees/forest cherry tomato, machinery/equipment –excavator, tractor (& Labour force capsicum, beans, implements), seeds, cooler freezer, irrigation (drip Technical expertise celery, (red fire), hot etc), nursery Marketing chilli (focus on high Freight value crops) Pricing

Crops/livestock Resources Issues/concerns 2. Puaka Vairakau manu, fencing, local pig feed (advice), pig Grass pens (advice) local rootcrop for feed, breeding Technical expertise stock Marketing 3. Moa kainga Chicken feed (advice), fencing Freight 1. Puanio Vairakau manu, fencing, cooler freezer, breeding Pricing stock Land preparation

TE ONE KURA 29 JUNE 2010

o Supporting the efforts of 15 interested fruit and vegetable farmers producing for the Mangaia and Rarotonga market o Supporting the efforts of 19 committed goat farmers o Reviving local chicken and pig production

Other related Projects This project will benefit from the following development projects already underway in Mangaia: o Mangaia Harbour rehabilitation o Oneroa Water Project o Mangaia roading project

Project Objective To develop the capability of at least 15 Mangaia farmers to be able to produce and export fruit and vegetables to the Rarotonga local and tourism market by March 2011.

To develop the capability and improve the goat farming husbandry of 19 goat farmers to begin supplying the Rarotonga local and tourism market by March 2011.

Major Deliverables Deliverable 1: 20 acres of fruit orchards, maintained and producing fruit for Mangaia and Rarotonga market in 2011/2012 Deliverable 2: Over 15 acres of vegetable production under cultivation and producing for the Rarotonga market Deliverable 3: Over 19 committed goat farmers providing quality goat meat for the Rarotonga market

TE ONE KURA 30 JUNE 2010 Preliminary Schedule Item Milestone Date Responsibility Project Manager Start: Now; Complete: Te One Kura Steering End of May 2010 Committee Nursery Upgrade Start: April 2010 Project Complete: August 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Land preparing Start: April 2010 Project Complete: June 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Fencing ordering for Start: April 2010 Project goats, local chicken and Complete: April 2010 Manager/MOA/Research growing Installing fencing Start: May 2010 Project Complete: July 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Initial planting Start: April/May 2010 Project Complete July 2010 Manager/MOA/Research Crop and livestock Start: April 2010 Project maintenance Complete: April 2011 Manager/MOA/Research Cool storage Start: May 2010 Project developments Complete: June 2010 Manager/MOA/Research/BTIB Marketing activities Start: June 2010 Project Manager/MOA/BTIB Completed: June 2011

Preliminary Resource and Cost Plan Deliverable/Milestone/Phase Resource Cost Project Management & TA Project Manager (and 50,000 support TA’s – Agriculture and Duck) Nursery Development Materials, labour, funds 11,000 Land preparing Equipment maintenance 25,500 and use and fuel, labour Fencing and installation Materials, supplies, 432996 labour, transport, freight Planting, breeding and Materials, stock (plant & 267900 maintenance animal) , fertiliser, pesticides, labour, handtools, transport Support to water for growing Tanks, irrigation hose, 75591 parts, supplies, handtools, labour Cool storage & slaughter facility Cool store, slaughter 115000 development facility, site preparation, labour, management set up, operating costs Post harvest support Bins, cardboard cartons, 24,000 stationary, distribution ESTIMATED TOTAL $1,001,987

TE ONE KURA 31 JUNE 2010 TE ONE KURA 32 JUNE 2010 Appendix 3 Cost/Benefit Analysis of Te One Kura Project

Fiscal Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Undiscounted Flows - - Costs $1,550,000 $1,600,000 -$400,000 -$90,000 -$90,000 -$90,000 -$90,000 -$90,000 -$90,000 -$90,000 Benefits $0 $500,963 $577,843 $829,683 $1,276,685 $1,751,055 $1,775,855 $1,843,855 $1,843,855 $1,843,855 - - Net Cash Flow $1,550,000 $1,099,037 $177,843 $739,683 $1,186,685 $1,661,055 $1,685,855 $1,753,855 $1,753,855 $1,753,855 Discount Factors Discount Rate 9.0% Base Year 2010 Year Index 0 1234 56789 Discount Factor 1.0000 0.9174 0.8417 0.7722 0.7084 0.6499 0.5963 0.5470 0.5019 0.4604 Discounted Flows - - Costs $1,550,000 $1,467,890 -$336,672 -$69,497 -$63,758 -$58,494 -$53,664 -$49,233 -$45,168 -$41,439 Benefits $0 $459,599 $486,359 $640,668 $904,436 $1,138,066 $1,058,884 $1,008,652 $925,369 $848,962 - - Net $1,550,000 $1,008,291 $149,687 $571,171 $840,678 $1,079,572 $1,005,220 $959,419 $880,201 $807,524 - - - - Cumulative $1,550,000 $2,558,291 $2,408,604 $1,837,433 -$996,755 $82,816 $1,088,037 $2,047,455 $2,927,656 $3,735,180

Net Present Value $3,735,180 Internal Rate of Return 29% Appendix 4

THE CONSULTATION PROCESS Proposed Activity Timeline Risks & Managing It 1. Agreeing on the Framework (island by 4 weeks (after Low – mainly involves island) and developing key components Task team contacting key players of each islands agriculture program approves in in each island for principle overall comments and prodoc) feedback and working with BTIB/MOIP/and MOA links Analysis and write in 2. Working with marketing 2 weeks –can be Low – mainly involves experts/agents and technical assistance sent out same time contacting key players sources, and development partners to as island and key in these specialist areas finalise gaps in the doc relating to player for comments and marketing, transportation, infrastructure, consultations are feedback and working and funding going on with BTIB/MOIP/and MOA links Analysis and write in Final tier of consultations: At least 2 weeks. Because of Combination of all players meeting development partner together to go over final document and processes might be expressed commitments and signing off some timelag in their on these response (apart from (island FAO) communities/leaders/farmers/Marketing Timeline for expertise/agents and possible technical comments back: This is period that assistance sources (FAO/UNDP etc) 30th October 2009 leaders on the islands, including development partners and coordination of supporters) activities, and taking ownership of This document sent out to possible implementation technical advisers and processes should take private/community sector partners place This document finalised and the island by island plans as appendices to be prepared Preparation of Island by Island Task Team TA Low risk unless there is Implementation Plans With Island TA’s not leadership taken up and TA specialists in the above activity from related areas

Timeline-mid Dec 09 Shift to islands and relevant private Next 12 months, sector partnerships to implement and with a monitoring BTIB and MOA to coordinate review monthly and a project review after the first 12 months to assist in revising if need be

TE ONE KURA 35 JUNE 2010 References

Atiu Island Council and Administration Enuamanu Island Strategic Plan 2009- 2010

Mangaia Island Council and Administration Record of Proceedings: Mangaia Development Summit, March 2009

Mauke Island Council and Administration Mauke Island Strategic Plan 2009-2014, UNDP/Cook Islands Government, March 2009

Mitiaro Island Council and Administration Mitiaro Island Strategic Plan 2009-2014, UNDP/Cook Islands Government, March 2009

Enoka, L. Domestic Market Appraisal of Fresh Agricultural Produce, Cook Islands, FAO/Cook Islands Government, July 2008

Cook Islands Statistics Office Food Import Tables and Statistics 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008

OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook, 2009-2018 OECD/FAO, 2009

TE ONE KURA 36 JUNE 2010